Figure 1 illustrates the interior of a delivery van adapted to courier freight from a hub to individual addresses, known as ‘last mile delivery’.

The vehicle is fitted out with shelving 1 that extends on either side from front to back to hold parcels and other items for delivery. A central portion of the vehicle deck (also referred to as the floor or base) between the shelving provides a walkway 2 to give access to the shelving. This arrangement allows a delivery person to quickly access parcels during the delivery round. However, the provision of the walkway 2 reduces the total volume available within the van for storing cargo, and thus underutilises the capacity of the vehicle.

A solution (which is not admitted as prior art) is to load intermodal cargo containers into the walkway 2 following the initial loading of the shelves 1 with parcels at the beginning of a delivery round. The delivery van then delivers the intermodal cargo units (favourably as one of the first stops on the delivery route) to a local drop off (hub) where they are transferred off the van onto smaller delivery vehicles, such as an electric freight bike or powered walker from which the cargo within said containers can be delivered in parallel with the parcels in the van.

The present invention was conceived to provide means for constraining cargo such as the aforementioned intermodal containers within the walkway during transit.

According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a system comprising: a pair of elongate supports extending parallel about opposite sides of a deck of a vehicle to constrain movement of cargo placed on the deck between the supports in a horizontal plane; each support having an upward facing surface and an inward facing surface, the inward facing surfaces orientated face-to-face across the deck; and a rigid elongate load restraint tool that extends between and is secured to the supports to constrain movement of cargo placed on the deck between the supports, the restraint member comprising: an end face about either end of the restraint tool that faces the inward facing surface of its respective support; a projection that protrudes longitudinally beyond each end face about which the restraint tool seats on and can slide along the upward facing surfaces of the support to position the restraint tool against the cargo; and a clamp having a jaw that defines, at least in part, one of the end faces; the clamp operable to move the jaw about a longitudinal axis of the restraint tool to press the end faces against the inward facing surfaces of the support to secure the tool in position against the supports.

The projections allows the restraint bar to slide along the supports into position against the cargo before being secured by the clamp.

The restraint member may comprise further projections that, when the restraint member is seated against the cargo, mechanically constrain movement of the cargo about a vertical axis. The further projections may extend directly above the cargo. The projections may be upwardly extending. The further projections may be wedge shaped or otherwise tapered. The cargo may comprise a container; a side of the container may comprise a recess for receiving one of the further projections. The recess may narrow from its opening.

The restraint member may comprise a beam, and a spring, the clamp is mounted to the beam about a connection that allows the clamp to move (e.g. slide) relative to the beam about the longitudinal axis of the restraint member against the spring when the clamp is actuated to press the jaw against the support.

The restraint member may comprise a further projection that protrudes longitudinally beyond each end face, the further projection offset so as to he directly underneath the support to mechanically constrain the load in a vertical plane.

At least one of the further projections may be provided by a lip of the jaw of the clamp. This avoids the need to provide the beam at the end where the clamp is present with a further projection making it manoeuvre the member into position on top of the supports as the jaw can be arranged in a retracted position at this time. According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a restraint member of the system variously described above.

The restraint member may include a beam formed of a rigid sheet material, e.g. a metal such as aluminium or steel. The sheet may be bent to define, at least in part, one or more of the projections and/or further projections.

The restraint member may comprise projections that, when the restraint member is seated against the cargo, extend directly above the cargo to mechanically constrain movement of the cargo about a vertical axis.

The restraint member may comprise a beam, and a spring, the clamp is mounted to the beam about a connection that allows the clamp to move relative to the slide about the longitudinal axis of the restraint member against a spring when the clamp is actuated to press the jaw against the support.

The restraint member may comprise a further projection that protrudes longitudinally beyond each end face, the further projection being offset so as to he directly underneath the support to mechanically constrain the load in a vertical plane.

The projections may he and/or extend laterally outwards from a central external side of the beam to provide orientational stability whilst the restraint member is being slid across the supports.

The cargo may comprise an intermodal container.

The invention will now be described with reference to the following figures in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective rearward view of the interior of a delivery van;

Figure 2A is a perspective view of a load restraint member viewed from a first end; Figure 2B is a perspective view of the load restraint member viewed from a second end;

Figure 3A is a side elevation of the restraint member being mounted between two parallel shelves;

Figure 3B is a perspective view of the restraint member being mounted between two parallel shelves;

Figure 4 is a plan view of the restraint member mounted on the shelves before being slid into its final position;

Figure 5A is a plan view of the restraint member mounted on the shelves in its final position against an intermodal container;

Figure 5B is a perspective view of the restraint member mounted on the shelves in its final position against an intermodal container;

Figure 6A is a side elevation of the restraint member mounted in its final position before the clamp is actuated;

Figure 6B is a side elevation of the restraint member mounted in its final position with the clamp actuated;

Figure 7A and 7B are side elevations close ups of the second end of the restraint member corresponding to Figures 5 A and 5B to show the clamp element in greater detail; and

Figure 8 is a perspective view of a variant load restraint member.

Figures 2A and 2B illustrates a load restraint member 10 adapted to extend between parallel supports such as shelves 1 or rails. The restraint member 10 comprises a rigid elongate beam 11 having longitudinally facing ends faces 11A 11B. Provided at each end are one or more upper outer flanges 12 which project longitudinally outwards beyond the end faces 11 A 1 IB. Provided about a first end 10A of the restraint member 10 is a lower flange 13 that projects longitudinally outwards beyond the end face 11A of the first end 10A. Each end 10A 10B also comprises upper inward flanges 14 that project longitudinally inward from the respective end faces 11A 11B.

Between the two ends 10A 10B the restraint member 10 defines wing elements 15 that extend laterally from the longitudinal axis of the beam 11. Each wing 15 carries a bumper element 16 comprised from a resiliently flexible material. As seen best in Fig 4, the upper flanges, and specifically the inwardly projecting flanges 14, lie laterally outward from the wings 15 relative to the longitudinal axis of the restraint member 10 (shown by the dashed line).

The restraint member 10 includes a toggle clamp 20 having a moveable j aw 21 mounted on a post 22, a multi-point lever mechanism 23 that includes a handle 23 A, and a mount 24 on which the clamp 20 is seated on the beam 11. The moveable jaw 21 comprises a downwardly extending lip 21 A that protrudes longitudinally outward from a primary outward facing clamping face 21B of the moveable jaw 21.

The mount 24 is coupled to the beam 11 through a connection that allows for linear movement of the clamp 20 relative to the beam 11 about the longitudinal axis of the restraint member 10. The connection may comprise, in one example, a spigot that protrudes downwardly from the base of the mount which is arranged to run within a slot formed in the beam 11. However, the form of the connection is unimportant.

With reference to Figs 7A and 7B, arranged behind the clamp 20 and held between the mount 24 and a stay 17 of the beam 11 is a stiff bias spring 30 that provides, in conjunction with the moveable clamp 20, a self-adjustment function.

The clamp 20 is operable to move the moveable jaw 21 about the longitudinal axis of the restraint member 10 between a retracted position (Fig 7A) in which the clamping face 21B of the moveable jaw 21 is co-planer or recessed with respect to the end face 11B of the second end 10B, and an extended position (Fig 7B) in which the moveable jaw 21 protrudes outwardly beyond the end face 1 IB of the second end 10B.

Once the movable jaw 21 is homed in either the extended or retracted position, the multi-point lever mechanism 23 is adapted to retain the moveable jaw 21 in that position in absence of a force on the handle 23 A. The beam 11 is comprised from a rigid sheet material or casting e.g. a metal, which has been cut and bent to provide portions defining the upper flanges 12, 14, and stay 17. Alternatively, the features of the beam 11 may be formed by a casting process.

Referring to Figs 3 A and 3B the restraint member 10 is shown being mounted in a walkway 2 between two parallel shelves 1 in a delivery van to contain movement of a cargo container 100 within the walkway in an axis extending parallel to the shelves 1 (perpendicular to the plane of the page in Fig 3A).

Each shelf 1 comprises an underside 1 A, an upper side IB and an inwardly facing side 1C that faces the inward facing side of the other shelf 1. An inward free edge of each shelf provides an upwardly protruding lip ID having an upper surface IE. Formed at a junction between the inward facing side and the underside 1 A is a chamfer IF or similar undercut section.

With the moveable jaw 21 held in the retracted position the restraint member 10 is mounted across the shelves 1, at a position away from a cargo container 100 by lowering in from above at an attitude such that the outward extending flange 12 of the first end 10A seats on top of the upwardly protruding lip ID of one shelf 1 before the second end 10B is pivoted downwardly until the outward flange 12 of the second end 10B seats on the upper face IE of the upwardly protruding lip ID of the opposite shelf 1.

With reference to Figure 4, the load restraint member 10 is then slid along the shelves 1, as indicated by the arrows, towards and against the cargo container 100, into the position illustrated in Figs 5 A and 5B, such that the bumper element 6 on one side of the restraint member 10 contacts a side of the container 100 and the inward flanges 14 of the first and second ends 10A 10B of the same side he directly above the container 100.

Once in position, the clamp 20 is actuated by depressing the handle to move the moveable jaw 21 to the extended position in which the clamping face 21B is pressed against the inside surface of the shelf. The member 10 is thus held in position by the reactionary inward force of the shelves 1 against the clamping face 2 IB and the end face of the restraint member 10.

In the engaged position the downwardly depending lip 21 A of the moveable jaw 21 lies against the chamfer IF and the lower flange 13 projects under the shelf 1 thereby inhibiting lifting either end 10A 10B of the restraint member 10 off the shelves 1.

Once held in position, contact of the bumper 16 against the container 100 acts to constrain movement of the container 100 towards the restraint member 10 and the flanges 14 act to constrain movement of the container 100 in a vertical axis.

Through the sliding connection, the clamp 20 is able to move relative to the beam 11 about the longitudinal axis against the spring 30 when actuated to move the moveable jaw 21 into the extended position. This provides means to compensate for any variation in the separation distance between the two inward facing sides 1C of the shelves 1 which could otherwise prevent the moveable jaw 21 from being homed, and thus retained by the multi-lever mechanism 23, in the extended position.

With reference to Fig 5B, a possible problem with the afore described design is that when a second container 100 is brought up behind a restraint bar 10, which is already clamped onto the shelf to restrain a first container, the second container may strike against the projecting flanges 14 rather than passing under them. This would require unclamping the member 10 and lifting it up before moving the second container into position.

Figure 8 illustrates a variant design of restraint member 10’ adapted to address this issue. The restraint member 10’ differs from that of the earlier embodiment only in the provision of pairs of guide members in the form of wedges 30 in place of the projecting flanges 14 at each end 10A 10B. The wedges 30 are arranged so that their narrow ends 31 face laterally outward. Each wedge 30 has an obliquely angled upwardly extending side 32 that faces longitudinally inwardly, i.e. towards the opposite end of the restraint member 10’. With reference to Figs 9A and 9B, each wedge 30 is arranged to be received within a separate recess 101 ’ provided at opposite sides of the container 100’. Each recess 101 ’ opens at a comer 102’ of the container 100’. Each recess comprises a lower wall 103’, and an upwardly extending wall 104’, the latter being angled obliquely such that the width of the recess 101 ’ narrows away from its opening at the comer 102’.

In operation, when the restraint member 10’ is slid along the shelves towards and against the cargo container 100’, the wedges 30 of the side of the member 10 that face towards the container 100, locate into corresponding recesses 101 ’, aligning the restraint member 10’ and/or container 100’. The tapered shape of the wedges 30 and recess 101 ’ minimise jamming as the restraint member 10’ is homed into position.

When located within their respective recesses, the wedges 30 sit directly above, and optionally against the lower wall 103’ of the recess which constrains movement of the container 100 in the vertical axis.

In a variation to this design the recess may open to the top face 105’ of the container; the guide members may take a form other than wedges; the recess 101 ’ may not be tapered.

A number of variations to the afore described example restraint members 10 10’ are described below.

The lower flange 13 may be angled to contact the chamfer IF rather than extending under it. For restraint members 10 intended for use on supports 1 that have no chamfer IF or equivalent undercut portion, the lip 21 A may be arranged to extend under the support 1 to face under surface 1A.

The second end 10B may also be provided with a lower flange that projects longitudinally outwards beyond the end face 11B of the second end 10B in order to engage with the under surface 1A of the shelf 1. Where so, the lip 21 A of the jaw 21 may be omitted.

The wing elements 15 are a convenient means of providing laterally extending elements to engage the container 100 where the beam 11 is formed from sheet material. Nevertheless, and partially where the restraint member 10 is constructed in other ways, the wing elements 15 may be omitted and the bumper elements 16, where included implemented by other means.

The restraint member 10 could comprise a clamp 20 at both ends 10A 10B to clamp 20 against both shelves 1 though this is less preferred as it would not be expected to provide any advantage in simplicity or speed of mounting.

The beam 11 may be designed without an end face 1 IB at the second end 10B that lies against the inward side 1C of the shelf. Instead contact with the support 1 may be solely through the clamping face 21B of the clamp 20. Where the first end 10A of the restraint member 10 is provided with a clamp 20 the same may apply.

The use of a toggle clamp 20 is convenient as it enables the moveable jaw to be quickly translated between the extended and withdrawn positions with a single movement. Nevertheless, other types and forms of clamp 20 may be used instead.

Although described in relation to shelves 1, the restraint member 10 is equally adapt for fitting against parallel rails or other elongate supporting members that have parallel upper and inward facing surfaces.