Background of the Invention

This invention relates generally to a machine for transforming magnetic energy directly to mechanical energy, and more particularly, to a magnetic motive machine that is based on the principles of ferromagnetiεm, the inverse-square law of force between two magnetic poles, and the well accepted scientific convention that when a magnetic pole is moved, work must be done against any force acting on it if it is moved in the direction opposite to the force, and, conversely, work will be extracted by the magnetic pole when it is moved in the force direction.

This machine utilizes as its source of energy high performance permanent magnets of enormously high coercivity in the configuration of a rotor assembly and two semi-cylindrical stator assemblies where subassemblies of rotor and stator are alternately and coaxially aligned when the machine is engaged. In all of these subassemblies, permanent magnets are their integral parts, adapted to effect a repulsive force that comes about between pairs of opposing positive magnetic poles and pairs of opposing negative magnetic poles due to the repulsion between the opposing magnetic flux which are emitting through the former and sinking through the latter. The resulting repulsive forces produce a rotary motion of the rotor assembly, thus converting the magnetic energy directly to mechanical energy, and transmitting the power so developed through the rotor shaft to do work in some external system. The

motion will last for some maximum length of time because the ionic magnetic dipole moments, and thus the magnetic flux they constituted, and the repulsive force between the opposing magnetic flux are spontaneous and permanent.

There are various types of external combustion systems, internal combustion engines, motors and generators designed and constructed for converting heat energy, derived from the combustion of such materials as coal and fossil oil, including its derivatives diesel and gasoline, directly to mechanical energy, or indirectly through electrical energy. Nuclear plants are designed and constructed to produce electric current from nuclear fission. Hydraulic electric generators are established to convert hydraulic energy to electric energy. The same can be said of solar transducers and geothermal generators. However, all of them carry certain drawbacks and disadvantages inherent in their construction, in the kind of energy used, and in the availability of that energy.

For example, internal combustion engines and external combustion systems are known for their low efficiency. Known fossil oil deposits worldwide are estimated to be used up within the next forty years. Although coal still has very abundant deposits, together with fossil oil they constitute the greatest contributors to environmental pollution. Nuclear power is at present looked upon as a vast source of heat energy, but its power plants, the operations and maintenance of which already requires scores of

*•• scientists, engineers and technicians, and their safety and dependability in the long run remains to be desired, as exhibited in the infamous incidents in the 3-mile Island, U.S.A., in Chernobyl, U.S.S. ., and in not so few instances in many other nuclear plants worldwide.

Going further, all heat-emitting energy sources have a green-house effect on the global environment that will eventually raise the sea level to submerge all the low shorelands and will render most of the tropical zone unfit for agricultural production and human life due to increased temperature. The bulky and costly installation of the solar power plants and the relatively insignificant amount of energy recovery limit their practical use of energy. Hydraulic and geothermal energies, while being safe and clean are limited to the availability of their resources.

Principles, Law and Theoretical Bases It is known for a fact that the electrons of an atom are in constant orbital and spin motions around its nucleus. Numerous studies conducted by scientists and mathematicians regarding their behavior, effects and associated phenomena, and related scientific and technical developments that followed, which are relevant to this invention, have since established the following: (A) The motion of an electron in an orbit around the nucleus of an atom is equivalent to a minute loop of electric current (_mperian current loop) , which has a positive pole and a negative pole and behaves as an atomic magnet, called magnetic dipole moment. Each electron also possesses a rotation about its own axis,

known as electron spin; this is again equivalent to a circulating electric current with its own magnetic dipole moment. For an atom with many electrons, the dipole moment resulting from the various orbital and spin dipole moments depends on the arrangement of the electrons within the atom. Similar but smaller dipole moments occur in nuclei and subnuclear particles called mesons. These moments are usually measured by means of the Zeeman effect. In the Zeeman effect, an atom or a nucleus subjected to a magnetic field has an additional potential (stored) energy associated with the orientation of its magnetic dipole moments in the field, and this changes the size of any quantum of energy which may be emitted as electromagnetic radiation. When atoms are chemically combined in molecules or are assembled in regular structures such as solids, they normally become ions that have no resultant electronic magnetic dipole moment. Certain so-called transition groups of the periodic table, including the iron group and the rare-earth group, are major exceptions to the rule. Elements and compound containing ions of these groups are of great technical and scientific importance, particularly because of ferromagnetism, a phenomenon that occurs when the ionic dipole moments are subjected to mutual interactions that cause them to be spontaneously oriented parallel to each other even when no outside field is applied. This spontaneous magnetization is of microscopic size and is enormously greater than can be contained by the orientation of atomic dipoles by an external magnetic field at ordinary

temperatures. (Ferromagnetism is used in making permanent magnets, in electromagnetic machinery, electric power industry and electronic industry.)

In the April 16, 1990 issue of Time International under the title "The Ultimate Quest," it says that now we have a simple picture known as the Standard Model which is based on a set of theories that attempt to describe the nature of matter and energy as simply as possible. The model holds that nearly all the matter we know of, from garter snake to galaxies, are composed of just four particles: two quarks, which make up the protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei; electrons, which surround the nuclei; and neutrinos, which are fast- moving, virtually massless objects that are shot out of nuclear reactions. These particles of matter are, in turn, acted upon by four forces: the strong nuclear force, which binds quarks together in atomic nuclei; the weak nuclear force, which triggers some form of radioactive decay; electromagnetism, which builds atoms into molecules and molecules into macroscopic matter; and gravity. An entirely separate set of particles — the bosons — are the agents that transmit these forces back and forth between particles, people and planets, of which photons, the particles that make up light, carry the electromagnetic force.

In the Stanford Linear Collider, a type of electron-positron collider, (positive positron is the counterpart of negative electron) ,

1. Electrons are shot at a target to produce positrons.

2. Positrons and electrons are collected in damping rings.

3. The particles are accelerated down a three kilometer (1.9 mile) tunnel, and at the end of their paths are bent toward a head-on collision.

4. The energy of collision creates new particles which are recorded in the detector, it results in a maximum collision energy of 120 billion electron volts. (B) The force acting between two magnetic poles separated from each other is proportional to the magnitude of each of the two poles, divided by the square of the distance between them. The force is directed along the line joining the poles; it is a force of repulsion if the poles are of the same sign and a force of attraction if the poles are of opposite signs. Expressed as an equation, the inverse-square law of force becomes

^" _Ό <3m . q _m

F = . — 41T r ² in which u ₀ /41T is a constant with the magnitude

10 —7 Newton/Ampere?, F is measured in Newtons, distance in meters, and each pole in ampere-meters.

Because the force on a pole q^. is proportional to its magnitude q^ it is convenient to define a magnetic field quantity B by the relation

F = q B Here B is the force on a unit magnetic pole, it is a vector the direction of which is that of the force F and whose properties are like those of any mechanical force

vector. From the inverse-square law of force (above) between two poles, it follows that at a distance r from a magnetic pole q _m , the magnitude |B| of the magnetic field quantity B is equal to the constant of proportionality times the magnetic charge q _m divided by the distance squared, or Sm

The magnetic field quantity, or magnetic field vector, or magnetic line of force, is known as line of B, which is a graphical representation of a number of magnetic flux per unit area of the plane perpendicular to it. Thus it is commonly known as the line of magnetic flux density. Its unit is weber per square meter or tesla. (C) When a magnetic pole is moved, work must be done against any force acting on it if it is moved in the direction opposite to the force, and, conversely work will be extracted by the magnetic pole when it is moved in the force direction. (D) Every magnet exists in a self-generated field that has a direction such as to tend to demagnetize the specimen. The demagnetizing field is looked upon as a store of magnetic energy. Like all natural systems, the magnet, in the absence of constraints, will try to maintain its magnetization in a direction that will minimize the strength of the demagnetizing field. To rotate the magnetization away from this minimum-energy position requires work to be done to provide the increase in energy stored in the increased demagnetizing field. Thus, if an attempt is made to rotate the

magnetization of a domain away from its natural minimum energy position, the rotation can be said to be hindered in the sense that work must be done by an applied field to promote such rotation. This phenomenon is often called shape anisotropy because it arises from the domain's geometry, which may in turn be determined by the , ,-er-all shape of the magnetized specimen.

Similar minimum energy considerations are involved in the second mechanism hindering domain rotation, namely, magneto-crystalline anisotropy. In the crystals of magnetic materials there appear to exist a preferred direction for magnetization. This has to do with the symmetry of the atomic arrangement in the crystal. In iron, which has a cubic crystalline form, it is easier to magnetize the crystal along the directions of the edges of the cube than in any other direction. Thus the six cube edge directions are easy directions for magnetization, and the magnetization of the crystal is termed anisotropic. In cobalt, which has a hexagonal, closed-packed crystal structure, there is a single easy direction coinciding with -_e hexagonal axis. When the magnetization lies along an easy direction, the anisotropy energy is a minimum, and work must be done to rotate the magnetization away from this direction. This phenomenon is therefore another hindrance to domain rotation.

Magnetic anisotropy can also be induced by strain in a material. The magnetization tends to align itself in accordance with or perpendicular to the direction of the built-in strain. Some magnetic alloys also exhibit

the phenomenon of induced magnetic anisotropy. If an external magnetic field is applied to the material while it is annealed at a high temperature, an easy direction for magnetization is found to be induced in a direction coinciding with that of the applied field.

The best permanent magnet, however, would be one in which the domain walls were all locked permanently in position and the magnetization of all the domains were aligned parallel to each other. This situation can be visualized as the result of assembling the magnet from a large number of particles having a high value of saturation magnetization, each of which is a single domain, each having a uniaxial anisotropy in a desired direction, and each aligned with its magnetization parallel to all others.

Since demagnetization of a magnet always involves domain rotation, then it can be said that to prevent or minimize demagnetization therefore is to prevent or hinder domain rotation. And in order to hinder domain rotation, it becomes imperative to produce a permanent magnet that possesses an extremely high intrinsic coercivity (intrinsic coercivity being a measure of resistance to demagnetization) .

(E) In the recently developed ternary compound of neodymium-iron-boron, Nd2Fe-, ₄ B, boron is added as glassifier to increase the formation of the elongated amorphous regions observed in the compound, because shape anisotropy, and thus coercivity, is related to the presence of the amorphous micro-needles. This magnetic material was developed by means of a rapid quench (or

melt spinning) technique in which variations of cooling rate can dramatically affect the magnetic properties of the solid alloys. In particular, appreciable coercivity is achieved within a narrow interval of quench rate. (The quench rate can easily approach 100,000 C° per second.) Equally remarkable, synthesis and magnetic hardening, two steps in conventional processing, were achieved simultaneously. The atomic magnetic dipole moments of this compound were arranged so that this compound would have a large magnetization, resulting in an enormously high magnetic energy product and a coercivity of 20 KOe. With the production of these low cost high energy product and enormous coercivity permanent magnets, utilization of the spontaneous and permanent magnetic energy as a power source becomes a distinct possibility.

Based on the aforecited proven facts, established law and acceptable scientific convention, this invention is an attempt to harness and utilize the spontaneous and permanent ionic magnetic dipole moments, and thus the magnetic flux they constituted, and the repulsive force between the opposing magnetic flux in designing a magnetic motive machine to transform magnetic energy into mechanical energy to perform work in some external system.

Each line of magnetic flux of a permanent magnet, which constantly emits through the positive pole, converges and enters the magnet through the negative pole, is conceptually a line of electron particles possessing magnetic dipole moments which are

interconnected between the positive pole of one and the negative pole of the other due to the force of attraction between them. By nature of its constantly emanating toward and entering through the negative pole in extremely high speed, tensile force is developed along the line of magnetic flux. The tensile force will tend to pull the positive pole of one magnet to the negative pole of another when they are connected by the lines of magnetic flux, thus the phenomenon of two poles of opposite signs attract each other. The ever-pulling tensile force is known as the force of attraction, which takes effect only on two opposing magnetic surfaces where magnetic flux emanate through one and sink through the other. Lines of magnetic flux that travel in the same direction exhibit a certain perpendicular force of repulsion to each other at the expense of magnetic flux density, thus, proportionately, of some tensile force per unit area of the plane perpendicular to the line of B. This phenomenon is the more obvious when the distance between the two magnetic poles is big (ref. to Figs. 28 and 33). The repulsive force shows its predominance at the central section of the distance where the magnetic flux density is least. That's the reason why the force of attraction decreases as the distance between two poles of opposite signs increases; and vice versa. The tensile force density increases as the magnetic flux density increases, and maximizes at the opposing pole surfaces where the lines of B are very close to each other (ref. to Fig. 33).

I 0

The lines of magnetic flux that meet or separate in opposite directions exhibit a tangential force of repulsion between them (ref. to Figs. 19-A and 19-B) . Each dipole moment along the lines of magnetic flux is headed by its positive pole. These positive poles repel each other when they meet in opposite directions and develop a compressive force or pressure along the lines of magnetic flux, through which the pressure is constantly being transmitted as they are developed to the opposing positive pole surfaces and push the two surfaces away from each other. When the lines of magnetic flux are separating and entering opposing negative pole surfaces, the tail ends of the dipole moments, the negative poles, repel each other and develop a compressive force or pressure along the lines of magnetic flux, through which the pressure is also constantly being transmitted as they are developed to the opposing negative pole surfaces and push the surfaces away from each other. Thus the phenomenon of two poles of like sign repel each other. The ever- pushing compressive force is known as the force of repulsion, which takes effect only on two opposing magnetic surfaces through which the lines of magnetic flux are both emanating or both sinking. Thus, the force of repulsion is transmitted to the opposing magnetic surfaces only through their opposing magnetic flux.

The tangential repulsive force also constrains the bending of lines of magnetic flux when they meet or separate in opposite directions. Where the perpendicular force of repulsion is predominant as when the lines of

1 A magnetic flux travel in the same direction, tangential repulsive force is nil, and the tangential compressive force along the lines is approaching zero. Starting from the pole surfaces of the magnets where the tangential repulsive force is maximum, the compressive force along the lines decreases as the length of the bends increases. That's the reason why the force of repulsion between two magnetic poles of the same sign decreases as the distance between them increases; and vice versa. A line of magnetic flux is analogic to a string, which when pulled, will develop tensile force; when subjected to tangential repulsive force, will develop compressive force along the line; and when subjected to the tangential repulsive force and bending, it will have resiliency just like spring.

A line of B, (a line of magnetic field vector or a magnetic field quantity B) , being a graphical representation of a number of magnetic flux per unit area of the plane perpendicular to it, thus, assumes all the characteristics and behavior of the lines of the magnetic flux it represents.

Because of the above-mentioned phenomena and the fact that where the lines of B are close together, the magnitude |B| is large, and where they are far apart |B| is small, the magnitude of the force of repulsion or attraction acting on two opposing polar surfaces of permanent magnets which are separated by a fixed distance is very much larger than that acting on two opposing non-polar surfaces when such surfaces are also separated by the same distance, because the polar

surfaces are where the emanating and sinking lines of B are most intensive. Therefore, the magnitude of the force of attraction or repulsion acting on two opposing magnetic surfaces is directly proportional to the intensity of the lines of B passing through each of the two surfaces. In other words, where |B| is large, the force is strong; and where |B| is small the force is weak.

Corollary to (A) , (B) and (C) afore-cited, (a) Aside from containing the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force and gravity, each atom of an element of the transition group may be looked upon as a store of an additional potential electromagnetic energy in excess of that which is required to build atoms into molecules and molecules into macroscopic matter. When the atoms are subjected to an external field that cause the spontaneous orientation of the atomic dipole moments in the field, this additional potential electromagnetic energy will be emitted as electromagnetic radiation, the magnetic flux, even after the external field has been withdrawn.

(b) for two series of magnetic poles, 2. ~ _m and _2q^, in circular arrangements, separated from each other by a fixed distance r, the magnitude of the total force acting between them becomes

ZF = _ q _m *-∑B and ~B = (μ ₀ /4TT) (≤q _m /r ² )

(c) Work must be done to move a unit magnetic pole counter-clockwise along a circular path of repulsive force acting in the clockwise direction; and,

conversely, work will be extracted by letting the unit pole (or a series of poles) move clockwise, in the direction of the force. This effect gives rise to the possibility of developing a magnetic motive machine which may run for some maximum length of time, because the lines of B and B are spontaneous and can be maintained almost permanently by an enormously high intrinsic coercivity.

Assume that: 1. There exists a circular path for lines of B so that the ____% will act in the clockwise direction, consonant in direction of its force of repulsion, the έF ^* (ref. to Figs. 24 and 24-A) . This is attainable when the lines of B are from a group of positive poles, the _< ≤q ^" _mF of specially shaped permanent magnets that are correspondingly and adjacently fixed (meaning same poles are adjacent) along the inner surface of a large cylindrical stationary holder to conform to a thick ring shape assembly with all the positive poles, the ~ _{m ι} facing and pointing in the clockwise direction and constituting the right end of the thick ring; and all the negative poles constituting the left end of the thick ring with no space existing between any two adjacent magnets, so that each line of B is in the clockwise direction at the instant it points away from the positive pole through which it emanates (ref. to Figs. 24 and 24-A) .

2. Let there be another circular path for lines of

B so that the ≤.B will act in the counterclockwise direction consonant with its force of repulsion, _% ^~

(ref. to Figs. 8 and 9) . This is attainable when the lines of ^* fc are from a group of positive poles, the ≤_j ^~ _m o similarly shaped permanent magnets that are also correspondingly and adjacently fixed along the periphery of a rotatable holder to conform to a similarly shaped ring assembly mentioned above, with all the positive poles, the -£q _m ' facing and pointing in the counterclockwise direction and constituting the left end of the thick ring; and all the negative poles constituting the right end of the thick ring, so that each line of B is in the counterclockwise direction at the instant it points away from the positive pole through which it emanates. Again, no space exists between any two adjacent magnets. When the £ ^~ ϊ _m assembly is moved closely to the side of and aligned coaxially with the fg^ assembly (ref. to Figs. 25 and 25-A) so that the distance between them is r, and when the pairs of opposing q _m and q_^ form a series of corridors where lines of B and are constrained to meet and pass (ref. to Fic3. 43, 44, 45 and 46) , the ≤. _m assembly will rotate clockwise in the direction of the effective force of repulsion, the

■SF-, which comes about between pairs of opposing positive poles due to the repulsion between opposing lines of B ^' and ^" f. (ref. to page 40 for detailed discussion) . The motion can be maintained for a maximum length of time as the lines of ^~ and B are spontaneous and permanent.

Work extracted per revolution by the positive poles ^q' on the rotating holder is thus

W = ZF • d = (μ ₀ /4TT ) (^q _m .≤q /r ² ) (2TTR) in which R represents the mean radius of the rotating magnetic assembly.

In the case where lines of B and B ^~ are separating from each other and sinking through the opposing negative pole surfaces (ref. to Fig. 19-B) , they run counter to the directions of their respective repulsive forces ^" T and F, because these forces are developed by the repulsion between the tail ends — the negative poles — of the magnetic dipoleε along the separating lines of magnetic flux. summary of the Invention

Accordingly, it is the principal objective of this present invention to provide a magnetic motive machine using none of the known conventional energy sources afore-mentioned, or any other external power means, but only low cost high performance permanent magnets of enormously high coercivity incorporated within, so that the aforementioned drawbacks and disadvantages present in the conventional energy sources and their transducers may be avoided.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine having a subassembly of rotor magnets, holders, and spacers securely mounted on a rotor shaft that is supported by a pair of plumber blocks and connected to an external system.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine where said rotor subassembly comprises three series of similarly shaped rotor magnets, with each series mounted on and around

cylindrical magnet holders, separated by rotor spacers, and each individual member magnet in a series is provided at both poles with plurality of plane pole tops (where emitting and sinking lines of magnetic flux are most concentrated) facing forward in the same direction as that of the front surface of the magnet, so that when the magnets are correspondingly and adjacently arranged in the counterclockwise manner, the left side and the right side of each series are composed of all positive poles and all negative poles respectively, and pointing in the counterclockwise direction.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine where said rotor magnets are so closely assembled that no space exists between any two adjacent magnets. This feature minimizes the surface of exposure of each magnet to the demagnetizing field, and at the same time maximizes the surface of contact (covered surface) between adjacent magnets, thereby minimizing the demagnetizing effect of the reversed field on the magnets.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine having subassemblies of stator magnets, holders and spacers in semi- cylindrical formations, disposed at bo- . sides of the rotor assembly in two retractable sliding C-shaped housings, and firmly secured at both ends by housing covers.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine where said subassemblies of stator magnets, holders and spacers

each comprises four series of similarly shaped permanent magnets, with each series enclosed by four stator magnet holders and separated by stator spacers, and each individual member magnet in a series, except for their individual supports, are similarly designed and magnetized as that of the rotor magnets, i.e., having the same dimensions, mass and, therefore, pole strength to maximize the utilization of their stored energy. These stator magnets are fixed in semi-cylindrical, adjacent and corresponding arrangement similar to that of the rotor magnets but in clockwise manner, so that the left side and the right side of each cylinder when engaged are composed of all negative poles and all positive poles respectively and pointing in the clockwise direction.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine where said stator magnets are closely assembled so that no space exists between any two adjacent magnets for the same reasons aforementioned.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine where said stator housings are integrally provided with first, a flat horizontal base member with two elongated L-shape section protrusions back to back with each other but separated by a distance disposed at its bottom to serve as guides and to mesh with the guides and tracts of a base structure; and second, an elongated hip protrusion in the space between said L-shaped protrusions provided with threaded horizontal bores to receive a main

adjusting screw that connects the two stator assemblies. Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine where said two stator assemblies are connected through their elongated hip by an adjusting system comprising said adjusting screw and a handle bar connected at its right end. The machine is engaged and disengaged by controlling the position of the stator assemblies with the use of the handle bar. Said main connecting screw is held by a pair of screw holder. " εcurely disposed at both ends of said horizontal member of said base structure.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine having said base structure on which all the above-mentioned rotor and stator assemblies together with their corresponding plumber blocks and screw holders are disposed and securely mounted.

Another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine where said base structure is integrally comprised of a horizontal member with two inverted L-shaped section elongated protrusions along its sides extended from end to end of said horizontal member to serve as tracks and guides for the retractable ±iding stator assemblies, and two vertical members disposed centrally at both sides of the horizontal member to serve as vertical supports for the rotor assembly through the pair of plumber blocks securely attached thereon, making the rotor assembly centrally disposed across and above the said horizontal member of the base structure and the main adjusting

screw .

A further objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine having positive pole "corridors" between opposing positive poles, and negative pole "corridors" between opposing negative poles of the rotor and stator magnets, which are narrow enough to promote maximum repulsive force between opposing pole tops, and wide enough to guarantee that the coercivity produced by the reversed field is always lower than the intrinsic coercivity of the opposing magnets to prevent demagnetization. Through these corridors, the magnetic flux (represented by lines of B) emitted through all the positive plane pole tops and sunk through all the negative plane pole tops will be constrained to pass, thus effecting repulsive forces that come about between pairs of opposing positive pole tops and opposing negative pole tops due to the repulsion between the magnetic flux that meet or separate in opposite directions. Said repulsive forces produce a rotary motion of the rotor assembly, thus transforming the magnetic energy to mechanical energy, and transmitting the power so produced through the rotor shaft to do work in some external system. The motion can be maintained for some maximum length of time because the ionic magnetic dipole moments, and consequently the lines of magnetic flux and the repulsive force between them, are spontaneous and permanent.

Still another objective of this present invention is to provide a magnetic motive machine that is most economical, compact, sturdy, noiseless, pollution-free,

easy to manipulate, highly efficient and dependable prime mover for electrical generators and other industries.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are herein illustrated and described. These exemplary illustrations and description should not be construed as limiting the invention to the embodiments shown, because those skilled in arts appertaining to the invention may conceive of other embodiments in the light of the description within the ambit of the appended claims.

Brief Description of the Drawings Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be fully appreciated, after reading the description in conjunction with the drawings showing the mode of construction and operation.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the Magnetic Motive Machine.

Figure 2 is a three dimensional (3D) view of the base structure. Figure 2-A is the top view of the base structure.

Figure 2-B and 2-C are the sectional views of the base structure.

Figure 3 is a 3D view of the subassembly of rotor magnets, holders and spacers when assembled. Figure 4 is the 3D view of a rotor magnet.

Figure 5 is the front view and 3D view of a rotor magnet holder.

Figure 6 is the 3D view of an intermediate rotor- spacer. Figure 7 is the 3D view of the left end and the

right end rotor spacers.

Figure 8 is the left end view of a subassembly of rotor magnets without holder. The skew lines represents the plane pole tops, positive and negative, facing counterclockwise direction such that the Ss emit through the former and Bs enter through the latter.

Figure 9 is the 3D view of the subassembly of rotor magnets without holder to show the configuration of their anchores when assembled. Figure 10 is the 3D view of the left side subassembly of stator magnets, holders and spacers.

Figure 11 is the 3D view of the right side subassembly of stator magnets, holders and spacers.

Figure 12 (on sheet 7) is the 3D view of an intermediate stator magnet.

Figure 13 is the 3D view of a right end stator magnet.

Figure 14 is the 3D view of a left end stator magnet. Figure 15 is the 3D view of a pair of intermediate stator magnet holders.

Figure 16 is the 3D view of the pair of left end stator magnet holders.

Figure 17 is the 3D view of the pair of right end stator magnet holders.

Figure 18 is the 3D view of a pair of stator magnet spacers.

Figure 19-A shows how magnetic flux, represented by lines of B, emit through the opposing positive poles, meet, bend and exit the corridor in opposite directions,

where F is consonant m direction with B, and F is consonant with B.

Figure 19-B shows how lines of B converge and pass through the corridor, separate and enter the magnets through the opposing negative poles, where ^" l? thus effected is opposite in direction to B; and F to that of s.

Figure 20 is the 3D view of a left half subassembly of intermediate stator magnets and their holder. Figure 21 is the 3D view of a left half subassembly of the left end stator magnets and their holder.

Figure 22 is the 3D view of a right half subassembly of the left end stator magnets and their holder. Figure 23 is the 3D view of a left half subassembly of the right end stator magnets and their holder.

Figure 24 is the left end view of two subassemblies of stator magnets united in a circular formation without their holders. The skew lines represent the plane pole tops, positive and negative, facing clockwise direction, such that Bs emit through the former and 1ϊs enter through the latter.

Figure 24-A is the 3D view of the above, showing the circular configuration of their anchors when assembled.

Figure 25 is the configuration when Figures 8 and

24 superimpose each other alternately; the crossing skew lines represent the opposing plane pole tops of the same sign from each subassembly. Figure 25-A is the 3D view of the above, showing

the clockwise direction of the resultant force of repulsion which would cause the clockwise rotation of the rotor subassembly.

Figure 26 is the 3D view of the rotor shaft. Figure 28 shows the magnetic flux graphically represented by lines of B which emit through the positive pole of a magnet and re-enter the magnet through its negative pole.

Figure 30 is the 3D view of the left side sliding stator housing.

Figure 31 is the 3D view of the right side sliding stator housing.

Figure 33 shows the magnetic flux graphically represented by the lines of B, which emit through the positive pole of one magnet and enter through the negative pole of another magnet.

Figure 35 is the 3D view of the main adjusting screw with enlarged drawings of each threaded segment, with a collar mounting in position. Figure 39 is the 3D view of the left end covers for the sliding stator housing assemblies.

Figure 40 is the 3D view of the right end covers for the sliding stator housing assemblies.

Figure 41 is the 3D view of a main adjusting screw holder.

Figure 43 represents a configuration in an instant between a series of rotor magnets and two series of stator magnets as viewed along the outer perimeters of the magnetic rings when the machine is engaged. Figure 44 represents a configuration of the same in

another instant showing how the corridors vary in forms.

Figures 45 and 46 each represents a configuration between the same series of magnets in two different instances as viewed along the inner surfaces of the magnetic rings.

Figure 47 represents the relative positions of subassemblies of the rotor, the left side stator and the right side stator.

Detailed Description Referring to the drawing in detail (refer to Fig.

1) , there is shown a Magnetic Motive Machine numerically designated as 1 comprising basically of a base structure 2 upon which a rotor assembly 3 , connected to and supported by a pair of plumber blocks 4 and 4a, and a set of two retractable and sliding semi-cylindrical stator assemblies 5 and 5a, united by a main adjusting screw 6 connected and supported by a pair of main screw holder 7 and 7a, are securely mounted.

Said base structure 2 (refer to Fig. 2, 2-A, 2-B and 2-C) , made of suitable material, consists mainly of a rectangular horizontal member 8, two slant-sided vertical members 9 and 9a, disposed at the center of the length of the horizontal member 8 and both at opposite sides with each other at a distance from the side, and two horizontal connective members 10 and 10a, each covering the distance between the vertical member 9 or 9a and the side of the horizontal member 8 corresponding to it. On top of each of the two vertical members is a plumber block (4 and 4a) securely mounted (refer to Fig. 1) .

Said horizontal member 8 is integrally provided with two inverted L-shaped section horizontal protrusions 11 and 11a, facing each other and disposed lengthwise on top of the sides from one end to the other, adapted to serve as guides and tracks for said sliding stator assemblies 5 and 5a.

Atop both ends of said horizontal member 8 two sets of threaded borings 12 and 12a are provided, adapted to be fitted with the anchor bolts of the main adjusting screw holders 7 and 7a to be securely mounted thereon.

Said horizontal member 8 the vertical members 9 and 9a and the horizontal connective members 10 and 10a, being hollow inside, are integrally provided with checker-design criss-crossing vertical partitions 13 and vertical sidewalls 14 adapted to transmit the weight and load of the machine 1 directly to the concrete foundation. Said sidewalls 14 are integrally provided with outwardly protruding anchor toes 15, centrally bored and uniformly spaced along said sidewalls 14, adapted to secure the machine 1 firmly on concrete foundation.

The rotor assembly 3 (refer to Fig. 1) includes a subassembly 16 of rotor magnets, holders and spacers (refer to Fig. 3), two internally threaded large thick washers 17, two large hexagonal end nuts 18, and a rotor shaft 20 on which the above mentioned parts and subassembly are securely installed.

Said subassembly 16 (refer to Fig. 3) includes a plurality of rotor magnets 21, a plurality of rotor magnet holders 22, and rotor spacers 23 (refer to Figs.

4 , 5 , 6 and 7 ) .

Each of said rotor magnets 21 (refer to Fig. 4) , made of low cost high performance magnetic materials of enormously high coercivity and magnetic energy product, has: two similarly arcuated front and back surfaces 25 and 25a adapted to fit into each other when the magnets are adjacently and correspondingly (meaning same poles are adjacent) assembled in counterclockwise arrangement to form a thick ring shaped formation, an arcuated surface 26 for its top, adapted to form the outer surface of the ring when assembled, an arcuated surface 27 for its bottom, adapted to form the inner surface of the ring when assembled, a plurality of plane pole tops 28 and 28a, facing forward, and a plurality of arcuated pole sides 29 and 29a, slanting sideward, with each 29 disposed between and conneting the edges of two 28; and each 29a in the same arrangement and connecting two 28a, and with series of the former constituting the positive pole 30, while that of the latter constituting the negative pole 30a; and an anchor combination 31 of three protrusions from the arcuated surface 27, adapted to fit into the rotor magnet holders 22 and rotor spacers 23,

Said anchor combination 31, having appropriate thickness, width and length, consists of two downwardly

protruding rectangular vertical supports 32, spaced apart, each with three outwardly protruding concentric arcuated flanges 32a, 32b and 32c, one above the other and spaced apart, adapted to form three circular protrusions when assembled, a rectangular vertical male plug 24 disposed between and perpendicularly connecting the backs of said vertical supports 32.

Said rotor magnets 21 are magnetized along said arcuated surfaces 25 and 25a, in such a way that most, if not all, of the magnetic flux emanated through the plane pole tops 28 and sink through the plane pole tops

28a.

The rotor magnet holders 22 (refer to Fig. 5) , made of suitable material, are basically in the form of thick and short cylinders, each having: two plane surfaces 33 and 33a at both ends, parallel to each other and perpendicular to the cylindrical axis, each having a circular protrusion 34 at an appropriate depth from its perimeter 35, adapted for use as arcuated pedestals for said arcuated flanges 32a of the rotor magnets 21, an internally splined inner cylindrical surface 36 to fit and mount on said rotor shaft 20, and a plurality of splines 37 along its perimeter 35, adapted to receive fittingly said male plug 24 of the rotor magnets 21, so that said rotor magnets

21 will form an assembly of thick cylinder (or ring) on and around the rotor magnets holder 22 when assembled (refer to Figs. 8 and 9) .

Said intermediate rotor spacers 23 (refer to Fig. 6) , made of suitable material, are basically in the form of thick cylinders, each having: two plane surfaces 38 and 38a at both ends parallel to each other and perpendicular to the cylindrical axis, an integrally splined inner cylindrical surface 39, adapted to fit and mount on said rotor shaft 20, and a smooth perimeter 40.

Said vertical surfaces 38 and 38a are integrally provided with three concentric circular protrusions 41, 41a and 41b, having appropriate width, depth, and radii, with the perimeter of protrusion 41 being the extension of the perimeter 40, and the protrusions 41a and 41b equally spaced apart below it. The three are adapted to cover and hold firmly in place the arcuated flanges 32a, 32b and 32c, of the rotor magnets 21 when assembled, to prevent said magnets 21 from being thrown out when in operation due to centrifugal force. The middle section 40a of said smooth perimeter 40 is cut out to lower itself by an appropriate depth to provide additional clearance for the arcuated tops 27 of said stator magnets 44. Said left end and right end rotor spacers 23a

(refer to Fig. 7) , made of the same material are similarly shaped as that of the intermediate rotor spacers 23 except that there is no circular protrusion on one end. Said rotor shaft 20 (refer to Fig. 26) , made of

suitable material, integrally consists of: an externally splined middle segment 42, adapted to mesh with the internally splined inner cylindrical surfaces 36 and 39 of said rotor magnet holders 22 and said rotor spacers 23 and

23a, respectively, followed by two externally threaded segments 43 and 43a in smaller diameter, disposed at both ends of said middle segment 42 to receive said washers 17 and hexagonal end nuts 18, with the left side threaded segment being left-hand drive, and finally two smooth segments at both extreme ends, the left and the right, 44 and 44a, in still smaller diameter for clearances and for the plumber blocks 4 and 4a. Said extreme right segment 44a is provided with an extra length to accomodate a keyset 45 for external connection.

Said large thick washers 17 (refer to Fig. 1) , made of suitable material, are each provided with an internally threaded bore 17a and 17b at its center, with

17a being left-hand drive, to fit the external thread 43 and 43a respectively of said rotor shaft 20, and a plurality of centrally directed bores 17c, of appropriate diameter and depth, evenly spaced along its perimeter, adapted to receive tool bars for easy tightening and loosening when assembling and disassembling.

Said large hexagonal end nuts 18 (refer to Fig. 1) , made of suitable material and standard design to fit

said external threads 43 and 43a of the rotor shaft 20 to doubly secure the rotor subassembly in place.

Said plumber blocks 4 and 4a (refer to Fig. 1) , are of standard design for high speed revolution adapted to be fitted as supports at the ends of the rotor shaft 20.

Said stator assemblies 5 and 5a (refer to Fig. 1) include the subassemblies 46 and 46a of stator magnets, holders and spacers (refer to Fig. 10 and 11) , their retractable sliding housings 47 and 47a (refer to Fig. 30 and 31) , each with two housing covers 48 (refer to Fig. 39 and 40) , and said main adjusting screw 6 (refer to Fig. 1 and 35) that connects and pierces through the elongated hips 69 of said housing 47 and 47a. Said subassemblies 46 and 46a (refer to Figs. 10 and 11) consist of a plurality of stator magnets 44 mounted on adequate number of intermediate stator magnet holders 49, a plurality of left end stator magnets 44a mounted on two left end stator magnet holders 49a, a plurality of right end stator magnets 44b mounted on two right end stator magnet holders 49b, separated by adequate number of stator spacers 50.

Each of said stator magnets 44 (refer to Figs. 10, 11 and 12) , made of the same magnetic material, having the same flux density and the same number of pieces as the rotor magnets 21, has: two similarly arcuated front and back surfaces 25 and

25a to fit into each other when the magnets are adjacently and correspondingly (meaning same poles are adjacent) assembled in a clockwise

k arrangement to form a thick ring shape formation when the machine is engaged (refer to Figs. 24 and 24a) , an arcuated surface 27 for its top adapted to form the inner surface of the magnetic ring when assembled and when the machine is engaged, an arcuated surface 26 for its bottom adapted to form the outer surface of the magnetic ring when assembled and when the machine is engaged, a plurality of plane pole tops 28 and 28a, facing forward, and a plurality of arcuated pole sides 29 and 29a, slanting sideward, with each 29 disposed between and connecting the edges of two 28; and each 29a in the same arrangement and connecting two 28a, and with each series of the former constituting the positive pole 30, while that of the latter constituting the negative pole 30a; and an anchor combination 51 on said arcuated surface 26 adapted to fit into said intermediate stator magnet holders 49 (refer to Fig. 15) . Said anchor combination 51 consists of: two downwardly protruding rectangular vertical supports 52, spaced apart, each with an outwardly protruding arcuated flange 53a and 53b, and a rectangular vertical male plug 54, disposed between and perpendicularly connecting the backs of said vertical supports 52.

In their manufacturing stage, said stator magnets are magnetized along their arcuated surfaces 25 and 25a as the way used to magnetize the rotor magnets 21.

Said left end stator magnets 44a (refer to Figs. 10, 11 and 14) are basically the same as the stator magnets 44 except that at a certain distance to the left after its middle section, it is cut vertically by a plane so that its negative pole is the vertical plane surface 28b; and one of two vertical supports 52 is provided with an arcuated flange 53a while the other has none. Said two vertical supports 52 plus the vertical male plug 54 that connects them back to back to make the anchor combination 51a. Said anchor combination 51a will fit into the left end stator magnet holders 49a (refer to Fig. 16) to form two semi-circular subassemblies when assembled, (refer to Fig. 21) .

Said right end stator magnet 44b (refer to Figs. 10, 11, 13 and 23) are basically the same as the left end stator magnets 44a except that it is cut vertically by a plane at a certain distance to its right after its middle section, so that its positive pole is the vertical plane surface 28c. Likewise, the anchor combination 51b is similar but opposite in figure to the anchor combination 51a of said stator magnet 44a.

Said intermediate stator magnet holders 49 (refer to Figs. 10, 11 and 15) , made of suitable material, are basically in the form of short semi-cylinders, each having: two plane surfaces 55 and 55a at both ends perpenc_.cular to its axis and parallel to each other, two plane surfaces 56 and 56a parallel to its axis for contact sides,

an externally splined perimeter 57 adapted to mesh with and fit into the internally splined inner surfaces 58 of the retractable sliding housings

47 and 47a (refer to Figs. 30 and 31), and a plurality of splines 59 on the inner surface 59a of the semi - cylinder adapted to receive fittingly said male plug 54 of the stator magnets 44, two semi - circular protrusions 60a are integrally provided with at both ends of said intermediate stator magnet holders 49 at an appropriate depth from said inner surface 59a, adapted for use as arcuated pedestals 60a for said arcuated flanges

53a and 53b of the stator magnets 44 when they are plugged in place, so that said stator magnets 44 will form semi - circular assemblies firmly hugged by the intermediate magnet holders 49

(refer to Fig. 20) .

Two said semi - circular subassemblies are similar in volume to that ring shape subassembly of rotor magnets 21 but facing each other in opposite directions when aligned.

In the case of said left end magnet holders 49a and right end magnet holders 49b (refer to Figs. 10, 11, 16 and 17) , the arcuated pedestal 60b is narrower than the arcuated pedestal 60a as it is only fitted to carry said vertical support 52 which has no arcuated flange.

Said stator spacers 50, made of suitable material (refer to Figs. 10, 11 and 18) , are basically in the form of thick semi-cylinder, each having: two vertical plane surfaces 61 and 61a at both ends

parallel to each other and perpendicular to the cylindrical axis, an externally splined perimeter 57 adapted to mesh with and fit into the internally splined inner surface 58 of the retractable sliding housing 47 and 47a (refer to Figs. 30 and 31), a smooth inner surface 62 of the semi-cylinder, and two plane surfaces 63 and 63a parallel to its cylindrical axis and connecting the ends of said perimeter 57 and the smooth inner surface 62, as its contact ends. Said vertical surfaces 61 and 61a are each integrally provided with a semi - circular protrusion 64 having appropriate form, thickness and depth, with its inner surface being the extension of said inner surface 62 of the semi - cylinder, adapted to fixedly cover the arcuated flanges 53a of the stator magnets 44, 44a and 44b, to prevent them from moving during operations.

Each of the said two retractable sliding housings 47 and 47a (refer to Figs. 30 and 31) , made of suitable material,consists of: a C-shaped member 65 having lateral supports of several rib members 66 evenly spaced and disposed at its back, a horizontal base member 67 on top of which said members 65 and 66 are disposed, two L-shaped section guide members 68 and 68a which are disposed lengthwise at the bottom of base member 67, spaced apart and with their backs facing each other, are adapted to mesh with the

aforementioned inverted L-shaped guides and tracks 11 and 11a of said base structure 2, and an elongated hip member protrusion 69 centrally disposed between said guide members 68 and 68a. Said elongated hip member 69 is provided lengthwise with a horizontal boring having internal threads, being left-hand drive for the right sliding housing 47a and right-hand drive for the left sliding housing 47, adapted to mesh with the external threads of said main adjusting screw 6 (refer to Figs. 1 and 35) . Said C- shaped member 65 is internally splined along its inner surface 58 to mesh with the external splines 57 of said stator magnet holders 49, 49a and 49b, and stator spacers 50. Said C-shaped member 65 is also provided with a plurality of threaded borings 70 on the vertical end surfaces of its semi-cylinder to receive the fastening bolts 71 which will firmly attach the housing covers 48 to the sliding housings.

Each said cover 48 for said retractable sliding housings 47 and 47a (refer to Figs. 39 and 40) , made of suitable material, consists of a dome member 72 provided with a semi-cylindrical member opening 73 disposed at its top to allow clearance for segments 44 and 44a of said rotor shaft 20, and an outwardly protruding flat flange member 74, with semi-elliptical edge, disposed at its bottom. Said flange member 74 is provided with a plurality of holes 75 that are arranged in a fashion similar to that of the threaded borings 70 of the C- shape member 65, adapted to be pierced through by the fastening bolts 71 (refer to Fig.l) . Said housing

covers 48 are adapted to hold the subassemblies 46 and 46a of stator magnets, magnet holders and spacers in place.

Said main adjusting screw 6 (refer to Figs, l and 35) , made of suitable material, consists of a long threaded middle segment 76 and two smooth segments 77 and 77a in a smaller diameter, disposed at its extreme left and extreme right, with the right segment 77a being somewhat longer to accomodate a handle bar 78 (refer to Fig.l). Except for a short portion at the center, said middle segment 76 is divided in two separate portions of equal length with the left portion having right-hand drive external thread 76a and the right portion having left-hand drive external thread 76b, adapted to mesh with the internal threads of the elongated hip member >9 of the housings 47 and 47a. Said two smooth segments 77 and 77a each for mounting of a collar 79 and a corresponding point on the main screw are provided with a through bore 80 perpendicular to the main screw axis for a taper pin 81 to hold the collar 79 in place.

Said right segment 77a is additionally provided with another through boring 82 perpendicular to its axis, disposed at its end to be loosely pierced through by said handle bar 78 which has two removable ball en< - 83 (refer to Fig.l), and serves as a lever to turn tne main adjusting screw 6 clockwise when engaging the machine 1 or counterclockwise when disengaging it.

Each of the said main adjusting screw holders 7 and 7a (refer to Figs. 1 and 41) , made of suitable material, consists of:

a holder element 84 for said main adjusting screw 6, a holder element 85 for a clamp screw 86, disposed crosswise atop holder element 84, a holder element 87 for a clamp screw 88 disposed at one side of the holder element 84, and a flange element 89 disposed at the bottom of said holder element 84, outwardly protruding on both sides, provided with one hole 90 each, adapted to be secured to said threaded borings 12 and 12a atop both ends of said horizontal member 8 of the base structure 2.

Said holder element 85 is sawn crosswise through its mid-section until the kerf 85 thus created and cut through the upper portion of the holder element 84 so that by tightening the clamp screws 86 a firm grip is produced on the smooth segments 77 and 77a of said main adjusting screw 6 to prevent it from turning when a desired position of the stator is reached. Said clamp screw 88 pierced through the side of said holder element 87 so that by tightening the clamp screw 88 additional pressure is exerted on the main adjusting screw 6 to further prevent it from turning.

The relative configuration of the rotor magnets 21 and the stator magnets 44 when the machine is engaged (refer to Figs. 43,44, 45 and 46) is such that:

A. The rotor magnets 21 are adjacently and correspondingly assembled in a counterclockwise arrangement to form rotatable thick ring shape assemblies with all the positive poles 30 constituting the left side of each of the ring

*. shape assemblies with their plane pole tops 28 facing forward counterclockwise to form the circular path of -__B; and all the negative poles 30a constituting the right side of each of the ring shape assemblies with all their plane pole tops 28a also facing the same direction to form the circular path of the lines of -≥B. (refer to Figs. 8 and 9) . B. The stator magnets 44 are also adjacently and correspondingly assembled in a clockwise arrangement and form non-rotatable thick semi-circular shape assemblies which, when the machine is engaged, each pair of these assemblies will be united to form a ring shape disposition similar to that of the rotor magnets 21 assembly, but with all the positive poles 30 constituting the right side of the disposition with their plane pole tops 28 facing clockwise forward to form the circular path of ÷€B; and all the negative poles 30a constituting the left side of the disposition with their plane pole tops 28a also facing the same direction to form the circular path of the ≤_1T (refer to Figs. 24 and 24-A) . C. When the machine is engaged, two of the ring shape dispositions of stator magnets 44 are aligned coaxially at both sides of the rotor magnets 21 assembly (refer to Figs. 25, 25-A, 43, 44, 45 and 46), such that all the positive poles 30 of all the rotor magnets 21 on one

side, and all the positive poles 30 of all the stator magnets 44 on the other side, are facing each other in opposite directions. The same situation is true with all the negative poles 30a of both rotor magnets 21 and stator magnets 44.

D. The series of gaps 91 and 92 between the opposing positive poles 30 and the opposing negative poles 30a respectively from different assemblies, being positioned crosswise to the circular paths of the lines of B and B, the _≤q _m and _tq ' _m , become the series of positive pole corridors 91 and the negative pole corridors 92 within the bounds of which the lines of B and B are constrained to meet and pass (refer to Figs. 43, 44, 45 and 46). In the case of positive pole corridors 91, the lines of B and emitting through the plane pole tops of opposing positive poles are constrained to meet, bend and separate in two groups and pass through and exit the corridors in opposite directions due to the repulsive force F between them, before they divert to, converge upon, and sink through the plane pole tops 28a of the opposing negative poles 30a through the other series of negative pole corridors 92 (refer to Figs. 19-A and 19-B) . When in operation, the corridors 91 and 92 continuously, uniformly and repeatedly change their sectional patterns in extremely rapid successions, but the effect remains the same. E. While the lines of B and B meet and separate in

the corridors 91 and 92 respectively, the compressive force that developed along the lines by the tangential repulsive force between them are being constantly transmitted to the opposing plane pole tops 28 and the opposing plane pole tops 28a, resulted in continuously pushing the opposing plane pole tops away from each other. With the stator in fixed position, the rotor will rotate clockwise in the direction of the effective repulsive forces, the ≤:F, and transform the magnetic energy directly to mechanical energy.

Operation of the Magnetic Motive Machine

The operation of the present invention is simple. After it has been completely assembled, the machine 1 is engaged by turning the handle bar 78 clockwise. This motion turns the main adjusting screw 6 which in turn draws the stator assemblies 5 and 5a closer and closer to each other and to the rotor assembly. Upon contact of the two stator assemblies or equivalently upon the unification of the two semi- cylindrical assemblies into a complete cylindrical assembly, the rotor will begin to turn. Then, the clamp screws 86 and 88 are tightened to hold the main adjusting screw 6 firmly in position. To disengage the machine 1, clamp screws 86 and 88 are simply loosened and the handle bar 78 turned counterclockwise until the stator assembly 5 and 5a return to their positions.