MATERIAL FOR IMPARTING NON-STICK AND NON-WETTING PROPERTIES

RELATED APPLICATION

An application entitled SYSTEMS FOR IMPARTING NON-STICK AND NON- WETTING PROPERTIES TO SURFACES, filed under S N 60/007,705 in the names of A. Carre, M Prassas and J. Waku and assigned to the same assignee as this application, is directed to a material system and method for imparting non-stick and non-wetting properties to an inorganic article having hydroxyl groups on its surface, the system comprising a silane having the formula P^MX^,, wherein n is 1 or 2 and X is a hydrolyzable group, a metal alkoxide having at least three hydrolyzable branches and a formula RMX ₃ or MX ₄ wherein M is a metal and X is a hydrolyzable branch, and an acidified aqueous mixture with a lower alkanol The present application claims the benefit of French Application 95 1 1373, filed

September 28, 1995 (28-09-1995), and of U S Provisional Application No 60/007,704, express mailed November 29, 1995, entitled SYSTEMS FOR IMPARTING NON¬ STICK AND NON- WETTING PROPERTIES TO SURFACES, by A Carre, M Prassas and J Waku

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The field is a material system and a process for coating articles, particularly glass and glass-ceramic articles, to impart durable, non-stick and non-wetting properties

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Considerable effort has been directed at producing an effective, non-stick and non- wetting coating on the surface of an inorganic article, in particular a utensil for preparing and/or serving food The term "non-stick" signifies a surface that resists adherence of foreign substances, such as food This property permits easy cleaning of dishes in which foods are cooked or baked The term "non-wetting" indicates a surface that repels liquids such as water The property is evidenced by a large contact angle between a drop of water and the surface on which the drop rests An advancing angle of at least 90° is considered as representative of a non- wettable surface

Non-stick, non-wetting articles are commonly produced by coating article surfaces with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer For example, United States Patent No 4,683, 168 (Hares et al ) describes a process for coating glass or glass-ceramic articles with such a layer to produce non-stick cooking utensils However, PTFE coatings exhibit the disadvantage of being opaque Also, they require a thermal sintering process at 350°-

400°C for their production, are relatively expensive to produce, and do not provide a desired degree of abrasion resistance

French Patent No 2,674,862 (Carre) discloses an alternative material system and process for producing durable, non-stick and water repellent coatings on glass and glass- ceramic surfaces The process involves applying a mixture of a selected silane with a lower alkanol and water which may be acidified The silane has the formula R _I1 SiX . _n , where R is an alkyl radical and X is a hydrolyzable alkoxy or chloro group The mixture is applied to a surface containing hydroxyl groups, the silane is hydrolyzed and the alkanol-water mixture eliminated to form a polysiloxane coating adhering to the surface Numerous other processes and material systems have been proposed for rendering inorganic surfaces, particularly vitreous surfaces, non-sticking and water repellent. The

desired properties can be obtained initially. However, there has persisted a problem with respect to wear during use, in particular, scratching by cleaning agents It is, then, a purpose ofthe present invention to improve on the Carre process by imparting a greater abrasion resistance to the coating there disclosed

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention resides in part in a material system for imparting non-stick and non-wetting properties to an inorganic article having hydroxyl groups on its surface, the system comprising a silane having the formula R„SiX _4. - wherein n is 1-2 and X is a hydrolyzable group, a colloidal metal oxide sol, and an acidified aqueous mixture with a lower alkanol

The invention further resides in a method of imparting non-stick and non- wetting properties to an inorganic article having hydroxyl groups on its surface which comprises mixing a colloidal metal oxide sol with a silane having a formula R _n SiX ₄ . _n , wherein n is 1-2 and X is a hydrolyzable group, and an acidified aqueous mixture of a lower alkanol, applying a coating ofthe mixture to a surface on the inorganic article, and thermally processing the coating at a temperature of at least 100°C to form a solid, transparent film on the article surface.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention arose from studies directed at improving the polysiloxane. non-stick coating disclosed in French Patent No. 2,674,862 (Carre) The non-stick properties ofthe Carre coating are adequate. However the coating, like other known non-stick coatings, is prone to damage and removal This is particularly true when the coating is subjected to the abrasion occasioned by normal scrubbing Accordingly, efforts were directed at improving the abrasion-resistance ofthe known coating while either retaining, or improving on, its non-stick characteristics We have now discovered a material system that produces a coating exhibiting an exceptionally high contact angle The coating also provides substantially improved abrasion resistance while retaining the good non-stick characteristics of the prior polysiloxane coating The new material system is achieved by incoφorating a colloidal metal sol with the prior silane component to achieve a hybrid coating material The new hybrid coating material, like the earlier silane coating material, is effective when applied to an inorganic article having hydroxyl groups on its surface, in particular, a glass or glass-ceramic article The silane is hydrolyzed to produce hydroxyl groups These groups, produced during hydrolysis, link with the hydroxyl groups on the article surface to create a surface exhibiting hydrophobic properties The coating material represents a mixture of at least three components (a) a silane having the formula R„SiX ₄ . _n , (b) a colloidal metal oxide sol, and (c) a mixture of a lower alkanol and acidified water

In the silane formula R„SiX ₄ . _n , each R is chosen independently from among the methyl, ethyl, and propyl radicals, unsubstituted or partially or totally substituted by fluorine atoms, X is a hydrolyzable group chosen from among the methoxy, ethoxy. and chloro groups; n = 1 or 2 A mixture of a lower alkanol and water is added to the silane constituent as a solvent The water is preferably acidified, at least where X is a methoxy or ethoxy group

Among the usable silanes encompassed within the above formula, it is preferred that R be a non-substituted lower alkyl radical, the methyl group being the most preferred

The non-substituted silanes are preferred from a practical point of view They are more economical than silanes containing fluorinated radicals

The silane component can be formed exclusively of a silane having the above formula where n = 1 or 2 It may also be a mixture of silanes having the above formula where n = 2 and where n = 1. In a mixture, the silane having the above formula where n =

2 preferably constitutes at least 20 mole percent ofthe silane mixture The most preferred silane ofthe above formula where n = 2 is dimethyldiethoxysilane The most preferred silane ofthe above formula where n = 1 is methyltriethoxysilane

The alkanol employed in the alkanol-water mixture can be a lower alkanol such as methanol, ethanol, or a propanol such as isopropanol Ethanol or propanol is preferred, the choice depending on the method of application The role ofthe alkanol is simply to permit the solution and/or the dispersion ofthe silane in the aqueous mixture, the silane not being soluble in water

Where a non-chlorinated silane constituent is used, the alkanol-water mixture can conveniently contain 5-93% by volume water In contrast, where a chlorinated silane component is employed, the proportion of water in the alkanol-water mixture can be reduced to a very small amount, i e , to the order of trace amounts

The water is acidified with a mineral or organic acid, for example, to reduce the pH below approximately 4 where an alkoxylated silane constituent is used Examples of operable acids include hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid When a chlorinated silane constituent is utilized, it is not always necessary to pre-acidify the water It is acidified automatically as soon as the silane hydrolysis commences as a result ofthe formation of HCl

The proportion of silane in the composition is not very critical For example, it may be about 0 06-1 mole/liter, preferably about 0 1-0 6 mole/liter, ofthe mixture

The colloidal metal oxide sol is preferably prepared from a metal oxide selected from the group composed of silica, titania, zirconia and alumina In preparing the material system for use, the colloidal sol is added to the silane The mixture is continuously stirred during addition ofthe sol and for a period of time thereafter while the silane undergoes hydrolysis With completion ofthe hydrolysis, the alcohol and acid are

successively added with stirring The mixture is then aged for at least 24 hours while stirring is continued

The coating material is now applied to the surface to be protected The hydrolyzed X groups on the silane can react by condensation with the hydroxyl groups present at an inorganic surface to form stable bonds with that surface The overall result of these reactions is the formation of a thin, hybrid coating This coating is durably bonded to the surface ofthe treated inorganic article, and confers non-stick and water repellent properties to that surface The inventive compositions for treating inorganic surfaces exhibit limited stability and, therefore, must be used within a reasonably short time of their preparation (< 5 days)

The reaction ofthe hydrolyzed groups with the hydroxyl groups on an inorganic surface can be carried out at ambient temperature However, that reaction is rather slow (about 24 hours). The time required may be substantially shortened by a heat treatment, for example, at 80°C To complete densification, the coated article may be heated to a temperature of about 100°-400°C for a period of time This can be, for example, about 5-30 minutes, depending upon the particular composition used for the treatment and upon the temperature of heating.

One method of forming the protective coating is to dip the article to be treated into a bath of the inventive composition for a few seconds while the article is at an elevated temperature, e g , 100°-300°C The article is then permitted to cool naturally The evaporation ofthe alkanol-water mixture and the condensation reactions take place during that cooling

This mode of forming the desired coating is especially economical and convenient in operation for glass and glass-ceramic articles The manufacturing of such articles customarily involves heating processes, e g , in forming the article, or in annealing, tempering, ceramming, or other form of thermal treatment With such articles, the inventive process can be implemented in a production line The article will be at a temperature sufficiently high to be suitable for carrying out the thermal treatment necessary for the formation ofthe coating

Other methods of forming the protective coating involve painting, spinning, or spraying the coating material onto an unheated surface The material is then heated at 100-300°C for 5-30 minutes to remove volatiles and set the coating

The coating obtained from the inventive compositions imparts improved abrasion resistance, as well as water repellent properties, to the coated surface These properties are suφrisingly superior to those that can be obtained from prior compositions based upon silanes alone. In particular, the present coatings are much more resistant to detrimental effects from abrasives and detergents

The nature ofthe protective coating, and its production, may be seen in the following projected formulations

a A glass or glass-ceramic surface containing hydroxyl groups,

OH OH OH H S —i Si j— Si I-

b Hydrolysis of a hydrolyzable silane

CH ₃ CH ₃ (OR)— Si- (OR) + 2H ₃ O ^T → OH-Si-OH + 2ROH -r 2H ^*

CH ₃ CH ₃

The hydroxyl groups produced by hydrolysis in (b) link with those on the article surface (a) to form a hydrophobic coating, thus imparting hydrophobic properties to the surface

SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

Several material systems were prepared employing the preferred silane diethoxydimethyl silane (DEDMS), a colloidal sol, ethanol and 12M hydrochloric acid Each system was prepared as described above The liquid mixture was applied to a vitreous test piece by spinning, and thermally processed at about 120°C to set the coating on the surface. Subsequently, the water repellent properties were determined by measuring the advancing and receding contact angles of a drop of water

Example 1

(1) DEDMS 3 g

* (2) Colloidal Silica. 15 cc

(3) Ethanol 85 cc

(4) HCl. 1 cc

Results

Water advancing contact angle 133

Water receding contact angle 69°

Example 2

(1) DEDMS 3 g

* (2) Colloidal Silica 15 cc

(3) Ethanol 85 cc

(4) HCl 5 cc Results

Water advancing contact angle 163 ^c Water receding contact angle 92°

* The colloidal silica was composed of about 40% by weight silica in water, the silica particle size being about 14 nm

Example 3

(1) DEDMS 3 g

* (2) Colloidal titania 10 cc

(3) Ethanol 85 cc

(4) HCl 15 cc

Results

Water advancing contact angl e 102

Water receding contact angle 67°

Example 4

( 1) DEDMS 3 g

* (2) Colloidal titania lO cc

(3) Ethanol 85 cc (4) 15M HNO ₃ 15 cc

Results

Water advancing contact angle 98° Water receding contact angle 70°

* The colloidal titania was composed of about 15 6% by weight titania in water, the titania particle size being about 5 nm

Example 5

(1) DEDMS 3 g

* (2) Colloidal zirconia 10 cc

(3) Ethanol 85 cc

(4) HCl 15 cc

Result s

Water advancing contact angle 103

Water receding contact angle 69°

Example 6

(1) DEDMS 3 g

* (2) Colloidal zirconia 0 34 cc

(3) Ethanol 85 cc

(4) HCl 15 cc

Results

Water advancing contact angl e 102°

Water receding contact angle 72°

* The colloidal zirconia was composed of about 30 1% by weight zirconia in water, the zirconia particle size being about 70 nm