Field of the Invention [001] The present invention relates to a means for harvesting energy from heat and in particular to a means for harvesting energy that uses solar energy and heat.

[002] The invention has been developed primarily for use in/with domestic means for harvesting energy and will be described hereinafter with reference to this application. However, it will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to this particular field of use. Background of the Invention

[003] It has been a major aim in the problem of electrical power supply to have a means for harvesting energy which produces free and large amounts of constant electricity that can be applied for both on and off grid applications. The aim has been to deliver high voltage energy output in a low cost way in such a way eradicating expensive power bills once and for all simultaneously providing an easy installation solution applicable to even the most remote regions of the world. To date this has been achieved by large complex and expensive systems using among others the use of Photovoltaic Panels, Wind Generators, Hydro Generators, Bio fuels and others.

[004] The present invention seeks to provide a means for harvesting energy, which will overcome or substantially ameliorate at least one or more of the deficiencies of the prior art, or to at least provide a viable alternative.

[005] It is to be understood that, if any prior art information is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the information forms part of the common general knowledge in the art, in Australia or any other country. Summary of the Invention

[006] According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a means for harvesting energy comprising a thermal induction unit having separate top and bottom heat conductive plates separated by an intermediate means, wherein the thermal induction unit extracts electrical energy from a heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates. [007] Preferably the means for harvesting heat energy includes a panel housing; a plurality of thermal induction units mounted in the housing and having separate top and bottom heat conductive plates separated by an intermediate means and arranged in a substantially planar array with all of the top plates being aligned in a single plane; an outer surface of the housing for receiving heat from a heat source; at least one heat source concentrator for concentrating heat to each of the plurality of the thermal induction units, the heat source concentrators able to harness heat from the outer surface of the housing and direct the heat to the top surface of the top heat conductive plate; wherein the thermal induction units form a thermoelectric generator with the bottom plate attached to a heat-sink which dissipates the temperature assisting in the temperature differentiation between the top plate and the bottom plate wherein the thermal induction units extract electrical energy from the heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[008] The means for harvesting energy can further include a heat source receiving means on the outer surface of the housing and a heatsink on another side of the housing for heating the top conductive plate and withdrawing heat from the bottom heat conductive plate to maintain the heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[009] The means preferably includes a heat source receiving means for heating the top conductive plate to maintain the heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[0010] The heat source receiving means for heating the top conductive plate receives heat can be derived from numerous heat sources such as radiant energy, heat derived from solar energy, heat reclaimed from fossil fuels, heat energy such as geothermal energy or heat pump energy, or heat energy from reclaimed material such as heat energy from reclaimed methane from refuse.

[001 1] The means for harvesting energy preferably further includes a heat source concentrator for concentrating heat from the heat source to the top conductive plate to maintain the heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates. [0012] The heat source concentrator can be an optical concentrator.

[0013] The heat source concentrator can collect radiant or direct heat source over a first footprint and focuses the heat source into a second footprint smaller than the first footprint.

[0014] Preferably the second smaller footprint of collected and focussed radiant heat by the heat source concentrator substantially matches the size of the top heat conductive plate. [0015] The heat source concentrator can be a Fresnel lens to amplify the efficient collection of solar energy collection transforming sunlight (UV light) into a focused beam. Preferably the heat source is a Fresnel lens to amplify the efficient collection of solar energy collection transforming sunlight (UV light) into a focused beam onto the centre of each micro-chip with a focal spot diameter substantially at the microchip top surface

[0016] The intermediate means can have a heat dissipator structure.

[0017] The intermediate means uses thermoelectric effect to generate electricity from a heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[0018] Preferably the intermediate means is a collection of at least two different engaging metals for providing a thermoelectric effect.

[0019] Alternatively the intermediate means is a collection of p and n semiconductors. Preferably the semiconductors of the intermediate means are bismuth antimony telluride P type and bismuth telluride N type. More preferably the intermediate means uses the Seebeck effect to generate electricity from a heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[0020] The separate top and bottom heat conductive plates can be formed of planar alumina ceramic plates. [0021] In accordance with a particular form of the invention there is provided a means for harvesting energy which has a plurality of the thermal induction units having separate top and bottom heat conductive plates separated by an intermediate means, wherein the plurality of thermal induction units extract electrical energy from a heat differential between the respective spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates and are electrically connected to each other to provide an accumulated output power source.

[0022] Preferably the plurality of the thermal induction units are arranged in a substantially self-contained module to provide a module accumulated output power source.

[0023] The plurality of the thermal induction units can be arranged in a substantially planar array with all of the top plates being aligned. [0024] Preferably the plurality of the thermal induction units arranged in a substantially planar array each have a heat source concentrator for concentrating heat from the heat source to the top conductive plate to maintain the heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[0025] The plurality of the heat source concentrators for concentrating heat to each of the plurality of the thermal induction units can be arranged in a substantially planar array with all of the top plates being aligned. [0026] Preferably the plurality of the heat source concentrators for concentrating heat to each of the plurality of the thermal induction units are formed in a single integral unit.

[0027] A plurality of the substantially self-contained modules can be connected to provide a combined module accumulated output power source. [0028] The invention also provides a method of harvesting radiant energy including the step 41 of providing heat from a radiant energy source 15 A. Step 42 provides separate heat conductive top plate and bottom plate 25, 27 with an intermediate means 26. In step 43 there is focussing of heat by the concentrator in the form of a Fresnel lens 23 to the heat conductive top plate of the inductive units 24. [0029] It is therefore important in step 44 to maintaining heat differential between top plate and bottom plates 25, 27. This can be undertaken by providing a continuous heat or radiant energy source 15A and concentrating that radiant energy to form concentrated radiant energy 15B to the heat conductive top plate 25 while using a heat sink 28 to draw heat away from the heat conductive top plate 27. [0030] The thermoelectric effect or more preferably the Seebeck effect allows harvesting of energy using thermal induction between top plate and bottom plates 25, 27.

[0031] In one form of the invention there is provided a modular means for harvesting solar energy including: a plurality of thermal induction units having separate top and bottom heat conductive plates separated by an intermediate means and arranged in a substantially planar array with all of the top plates being aligned; at least one heat source concentrator for concentrating heat to each of the plurality of the thermal induction units, the heat source concentrators including a Fresnel lens that harnesses sunlight and directs the light as a focal point on the top surface of top heat conductive plate; wherein the thermal induction units use the Seebeck effect of a Peltier thermoelectric generator with the bottom plate attached to a heat-sink which dissipates the temperature assisting in the temperature differentiation between the top plate and the bottom plate and the resultant productivity of electricity; wherein the modular means is embedded into a lightweight slim line aluminium structure in panel format. The modular Peltier circuits can be connected to a stabilizer PCB DC-DC enhancer.

[0032] It can be seen that the invention of a means for harvesting energy provides the benefit of being a micro- scale and in modular format which can harvest large quantities of energy effectively and efficiently.

[0033] Other aspects of the invention are also disclosed. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0034] Notwithstanding any other forms which may fall within the scope of the present invention, preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a means for harvesting energy in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a proposed circuit diagram of a means for harvesting energy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention such as in Figure 1 ;

Figure 3A is a diagrammatic method of providing a means for harvesting energy in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3B is a general diagrammatic view of a means for harvesting energy in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention such as in Figure 3B;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic block diagram of a method for harvesting energy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;

Figures 5A and 5B are perspective diagrammatic view of a Stirling engine and a characteristic thermodynamic Pressure versus Volume graph of the work of the piston of the Stirling engine;

Figure 6A and 6B are two diagrammatic views of a thermal induction unit in the form of a bimetal thermal dissipator intermediate means or a semiconductor intermediate means for using thermoelectric effect in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention;

Figures 7A and 7B are diagrammatic views of a semiconductor intermediate means for using thermoelectric effect in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention such as in Figures 3A and 3B;

Figure 8 is a cross sectional side view of a particular embodiment of a means for harvesting energy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention such as in Figures 1 and 2 using a thermal intermediate means as per Figure 6B;

Figures 9A, 9B and 9C are various views of base part and top part of thermal induction unit of means for harvesting energy in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention such as Figure 1 and 2 using a thermal intermediate means as per Figure 6B;

Figure 10 is a diagrammatic view of a solar heat embodiment using a Fresnel lens as a concentrator in a preferred embodiment of a completed means for harvesting energy such as Figure 1 or 3A using a thermal intermediate means as per Figure 6B;

Figure 1 1 is a detail of the operative parts of the Fresnel lens and thermal intermediate means of Figure 10;

Figure 12 is a detail of a preferred embodiment of the Fresnel lens of the solar heat embodiment of Figure 10;

Figures 13 A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E and 13F are various exploded views and final constructed view of a solar heat embodiment of a means for harvesting energy of the invention powering an attached electronic item;

Figure 14 is an illustrative example of the use of a means for harvesting energy in accordance with the invention in powering a connected light;

Figure 15 is an illustrative example of the use of a means for harvesting energy in accordance with the invention in powering 240Volt AC electrical items when connected to AC outlet;

Figures 16A is a diagrammatic view of the electric input from the four Stirling four heat differential sources with Figures 16B and 16C showing illustrative circuit diagrams of an example with Stirling four parallel an series input heat differential sources of the configuration of a means for harvesting energy in accordance with the invention and Figure 16D showing the overall circuit.

Figures 17A, 17B and 17C are example alternatives to solar heat sources while maintaining a useable temperature gradient for a means for harvesting energy in accordance with the invention in which Figure 17A shows use in reclaiming heat exchanged heat compared to ambient heat, Figure 17B shows use in reclaiming geothermal heat in comparison to ambient air heat, and Figure 17C shows use of concentrated heat with parabolic mirror on one surface compared to no concentrated heat on opposite surface;

Figure 18 is an illustrative diagram of the use of a modular means for harvesting heat energy from a vehicle engine in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; Figure 19 is an illustrative example of the thermal induction unit in the form of a bimetal thermal dissipator intermediate means or a semiconductor intermediate means for using thermoelectric effect in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 20A and 20B show a final closed chip which forms the TEG of the means for harvesting energy in accordance with the invention of Figure 13A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E and 13F; and

Figures 21, 22 and 23 A and 23B are graphs of various performance characteristics of the solar heat form of the means for harvesting energy in accordance with the invention of Figure 13 A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E and 13F.

Description of Preferred Embodiments

[0035] It should be noted in the following description that like or the same reference numerals in different embodiments denote the same or similar features.

[0036] Referring to the drawings, as shown in general in Figure 1, there is a means for harvesting energy means for harvesting energy 1 1 comprising a module 22 of thermal induction units 24 and heat source concentrators 23 wherein the thermal induction unit extracts electrical energy from a heat differential.

[0037] The product ecosystem description of the applicant technology is based upon microchip technology. Electrical power generators until now have been large scale for example: wind vane, solar panels, hydro generators etc. The present invention uses a microchip in the generator. It allows the efficient generation of energy from solar sources and other heat differential sources and then to reformat the concept of the Stirling engines to operate as a micro- circuit with internal operations into plate format to convert heat into energy. This will make energy generating devices much more micro.

a) GENERAL APPROACH - STIRLING ENGINE COMPARISON

[0038] The system is firstly described in large scale comparison with reference to diagrammatic views of Figures 5A and 5B of the Stirling engine in which a thermal electric generator system is developed which powers a battery/electrical system which will then be converted to power the home. [0039] The tip of the Stirling engine heats up which consequently moves the piston inside it turning a cogwheel. The displacer piston (2) has moved most of the gas to the hot heat exchanger, as a result the gas is heated up and expanding. The power piston (1) is being pushed away, which is the power stroke= Kinetic energy. Hot gases move the piston up and cold down thus turning the wheel. The cogwheel is then connected to an electrical generator (just like wind turbine motor or wind vane) and this will generate the electricity of about 12-17 Volts. This Voltage will run down through cables into the distribution box having a battery charger, which will regulate and charge the (GEL) battery connected to the power inverter. The inverter will convert the 12 Volts DC up to 240 Volts AC and will be connected to the output box, where the user can plug in electronics in order to power them off grid.

b) ENERGY / WORK - STIRLING ENGINE

[0040] A Stirling engine as shown in Figure 5A is a heat engine operating by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas as the working fluid, at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion of heat energy to mechanical work. Or more specifically, a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine with a permanently gaseous working fluid, where closed-cycle is defined as a thermodynamic system in which the working fluid is permanently contained within the system, and regenerative describes the use of a specific type of internal heat exchanger and thermal store, known as the regenerator. It is the inclusion of a regenerator that differentiates the Stirling engine from other closed cycle hot air engines.

[0041] The displacer piston (2) has moved most of the gas to the hot heat exchanger. As a result the gas is heated up and expanded. The power piston (1) is thereby pushed away, which causes the power stroke. The heated gas increases its pressure and pushes the power piston along the cylinder towards its top dead center (TDC). Meanwhile, the displacer piston is moving the heated gas to the cold zone.

[0042] At the cold zone, the heated gas is cooled down and thereby decreases its volume which causes the displacer piston to move to the cold zone of the cylinder. The power piston is compressing the gas by the flywheel momentum. This takes less energy because the gas pressure is decreasing. [0043] The cooled gas has decreased its volume and pressure, the power piston is at its bottom dead center (BDC). Meanwhile, the displacer piston is moving the cooled gas to the heated zone, so the gas can heat up and expand again, pushing the power piston away. [0044] Therefore generally for Stirling engines the work energy W derived from such a system is according to:

W = Wexp - Wcomp = Qexp + Qheat— Qcool - Qcomp

Where

Wexp is the work available in expansion step

Wcomp is the work required in the compression step

Qexp is the input heat in expansion step

Qheat is the input heat

Qcool is the heat output in the cooling step

Qcomp is the heat out in the compression step [0045] Like the large scale approach, the Applicant has replaced the Stirling engine with a microchip that is much more efficient and thus the system has been re-engineered. Consequently a new structure needed to support the new micro -engine and its functional properties and associated mechanics has been developed.

c) GENERAL APPROACH - TEG/TEC

[0046] In micro scale in panel form, heat is applied on the hot surface and heat is drawn through to the spaced relatively cold surface of the microchip, so that the microchip starts generating electricity. The more heat transferred, the more electricity is outputted. This is basically a thermal induction generator (TEG) that is micro-sized, combining a specialised chip and a different type of metal plating assembled in a specific circuit assembly that when heated generates electricity through thermal dissipation kinetics and induction heating.

[0047] "Dissipation" is the result of a natural process that takes place in an inhomogeneous thermodynamic system. In a dissipative process, energy of a body (internal, bulk flow kinetic, or system potential) is transformed from some initial form to some final form; the capacity of the final form to do mechanical work is less than that of the initial form. For example, transfer of energy as heat is dissipative because it is a transfer of internal energy from a hotter place to a colder one. The difference with Applicant's microchip is that the final stage of dissipation is not fixed into a final form, it is constantly kinetic because of its thermal expansion properties. [0048] "Thermal expansion" is the tendency of matter to change in volume in response to a change in temperature when the microchip is heated, its particles (certain metals) begin moving more and thus usually maintain a greater average separation. The degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature.

[0049] Induction heating is the process of heating an electrically conducting object through which a high-frequency alternating current is passed (just like in Metals) - it does not only allow for electrical current to flow through but still generates electricity.

[0050] Referring to Figure 6A there is shown a thermal induction thermal induction unit 24 in the form of a bimetal 26 A and 26B thermal dissipator intermediate means between a top conductive plate 25 and a bottom conductive plate 27 for using thermoelectric effect for extracting electrical energy from a heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[0051] The Work or electricity generated from the micro system can be assessed that due to Q gen (solar heat) through thermal dissipation kinetics and induction heating the electricity or Work generated can be shown as:

V o ΔΓ where V is the Voltage created and

ΔΓ = Th— Tc is the difference in temperature between Th the temperature of the hotter top plate and

Tc the temperature of the cooler bottom plate

[0052] However the large values of thermoelectric power found in semiconductors result from the average potential energy for conduction electrons or holes being larger than the Fermi energy, which occurs in the type due to differences of metals. It is advantageous to use p-type and n-type elements together as the thermoelectric effect is an additive combination of the two types.

[0053] Therefore referring to figure 6B there is shown a thermal induction thermal induction unit 24 in the form of semiconductor intermediate means 24 for using thermoelectric effect between a top conductive plate 25 and a bottom conductive plate 27 for using thermoelectric effect for extracting electrical energy from a heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[0054] If two contacts of a semiconductor are maintained at different temperatures a potential voltage occurs. By having the contact being connected to the top plate and the other contact connected to the bottom plate and maintaining a difference in temperature between the top plate and the bottom plate a voltage is created through thermoelectrics. This Seebeck effect voltage arises from the more rapid diffusion of carriers at the hotter plate to the colder plate providing an electrical potential. This can be shown by l^s = S * AT where

Vs is the Seebeck effect Voltage created

S is the Seebeck coefficient and

ΔΓ = Th— Tc is the difference in temperature between

Th the temperature of the hotter top plate and

Tc the temperature of the cooler bottom plate

[0055] The invention can use a means for harvesting energy wherein the intermediate means uses a flat Stirling micro generator to generate electricity from a heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[0056] The TEG/TEC engine fuses with it the concept and format of the Peltier coil and the Stirling engine. As shown in figure 19 the microchip is not exactly a Peltier but has similar features however engineered for a totally different purpose to act as a flat Stirling engine. Referring to Figure 19 there is shown a diagrammatic cross-section of an in the form of a flat Stirling engine. There is shown: a) 10. Hot cylinder

b) 1 1.A volume of hot cylinder

c) 12.B volume of hot cylinder

d) 17. Warm piston diaphragm

e) 18. Heating medium

f) 19.Piston rod

g) 20. Cold cylinder

h) 21.A Volume of cold cylinder 1) 22. B Volume of cold cylinder

j) 27. Cold piston diaphragm

k) 28. Coolant medium

1) 30. Working cylinder

m) 31. A volume of working cylinder

n) 32.B volume of working cylinder

o) 37. Working piston diaphragm

P) 41. Regenerator mass of A volume

q) 42. Regenerator mass of B volume

r) 48. Heat accumulator

s) 50. Thermal insulation

t) 60. Generator

u) 63. Magnetic circuit

v) 64. Electrical winding

w) 70. Channel connecting warm and working cylinders

[0057] Design of the flat double-acting Stirling engine solves the drive of a displacer with the help of the fact that areas of the hot and cold pistons of the displacer are different. The drive does so without any mechanical transmission. Using diaphragms eliminates friction and the need for lubricants. When the displacer is in motion, the generator holds the working piston in the limit position which brings the engine working cycle close to an ideal Stirling cycle. The ratio of the area of the heat exchangers to the volume of the machine increases by the implementation of a flat design. Flat design of the working cylinder approximates thermal process of the expansion and compression closer to the isothermal one. The disadvantage is a large area of the thermal insulation between the hot and cold space.

[0058] Reversing the effect of electrical current flow through the principal circuit doesn't harness but rather utilizes electricity which consequently makes the microchip cool down in such a way turning the microchip into a cold devise. This chilling effect can be used as an alternative cooling system examples may include cooling electrical devices such as laptops and computers, cooling fan systems and others.

[0059] The present circuit format consists of 4 Stirling microchips connected to a DC-DC stabilizer and enhancer PBA. A final product can be anything from a single circuit or to a factor of multiplication of this circuit thus increasing the systems output. a) e.g. One circuit can product up to 72 watts b) 10 circuits can produce (10x72) = 720 watts c) 100 circuits can produce (100x72) = 7,2 Kilowatts etc.

[0060] Another feature is that in desert climates i.e. UAE, Africa, Australian desert etc. the product of the present invention works during the night purely producing electricity from heat. d) Details of TEG/TEC - Electronics

[0061] A Peltier thermo -element is a device that utilizes the Peltier effect to implement a heat pump. A Peltier has two plates, the cold and the hot plate. Between those plates there are several thermocouples. All those thermocouples are connected together and two wires extend out. If Voltage is applied to those wires, the cold plate will be cold and the hot plate... hot.

[0062] The device is called a heat pump because it does not generate heat nor cold, it just transfers heat from one plate to another, and thus the other plate is cooled. It is also called a thermo-electric cooler (TEC). Because TECs have several thermocouples, a lot of heat is transferred between the plates. Sometimes it can reach a temperature difference of 80 degrees Celsius or more.

[0063] Thermal Electric Generators (TEGs) exploit a temperature gradient between the two sides of the generator. For example, when a metal is heated the electrons move faster than the cold side of the metal. Eventually the cold side will become negatively charged and the hot end positively charged. This phenomenon where temperature difference can create a voltage is known as the thermoelectric effect.

[0064] Using positively charged particles rather than electrons result is much better efficiency levels and creates useable power. Materials with positively conductive particles are called semiconductors.

[0065] An issue with TEGs is that certain types of materials struggle to allow electrons to flow easily, this courses deficiency's in the electricity generated due to the fact that they are also very good at conducting heat so quickly enough that the temperature gradient driving the process is lost resulting in cancelation of electrical productivity thus efficiency loss making the system to fail upon itself.

[0066] The solution is engineering material combinations that allow high electrical conductivity but simultaneously allow low thermal conductivity to avoid this cancellation. E.g certain metallic alloys effectively slow down the heat flow but positively charge the moving particles/electrons. Or certain arrangements of nanoparticles can trap heat thus also slowing the process down. In general the more interfaces joined together the slower the heat moves.

[0067] The Peltier thermo-elements are mainly made of semiconductor material. This means that they have P-N contacts within. Actually, they have a lot of P-N contacts connected in series. They are also heavily doped, meaning that they have special additives that will increase the excess or lack of electrons. The following drawing shows how the P-N contacts are connected internally within a Peltier TEC as shown in Figures 7A and 7B.

[0068] It can be seen that the P and N material are connected in series to implement a long strip of P-N junctions. The top plate is the hot plate and the bottom is the cold plate. When power is applied to the two outlet wires, and the heat is transferred from the cold plate to the hot plate then it is acting as a TEC. - Applying heat on the hot plate will result in generating VDC which is a TEG.

[0069] When you heat up a thermoelectric material unevenly, positive or negative charges (depending on the material) move to build up a Voltage. By combining several of these materials together you can make an electric generator. These generators can be used to recover waste heat from a range of recovered sources like power plants, cars, and NASA spacecraft, but also small electronics like watches and cell phones. Alternatively directing heat will allow in harnessing it which can then be engine ered/structured for the purpose of creating power.

e) Operating Principle

[0070] The boost converter is for power transmission to perform energy absorption and power injection from solar panel to grid-tied inverter. The process of energy absorption and injection in boost converter is performed by a combination of four components which are inductor, electronic switch, diode and output capacitor. The connection of a boost converter is shown below.

[0071] The process of energy absorption and injection will constitute a switching cycle. In other words, the average output voltage is controlled by the switching on and off time duration. At constant switching frequency, adjusting the on and off duration of the switch provides pulse- width-modulation (PWM) switching. The switching duty cycle, k is defined as the ratio of the on duration to the switching time period.

f) The Circuit

[0072] Building a new booster circuit is a complex procedure like most other circuits. The approach of the present invention is to use integrated circuits as shown in Figure 16A within the system to maximize efficiency.

[0073] An example of suitable chips incorporating the integrated circuits are by the manufacturer Linear Technology and Manufacturer Part Number: LTC1871EMS#PBF with Vendor Name: Digikey. This IC is commonly known as an LTC1871

[0074] A detailed example of a circuit is shown in Figure 16B that can be used in an embodiment of the invention which shows the LTC1871 in a DC-DC step up converter with 4 parallel inputs. In Figure 16C is a version with 4 inputs in series. [0075] A further detailed circuit showing operation of the system is shown in Figure 16D.

g) Topology

[0076] A different way of creating a booster is used, which not decrease the efficiency of the booster but will nevertheless increase it. There are certain necessary parameters of the power stage. These would be needed to calculate the power stage.

• 1. Input voltage range: Vin min and Vin max

• 2. Nominal output voltage: Vout

• 3. Maximum output current: lout

• 4. Integrated circuit used to build the boost converter. This is necessary because some parameters for the calculations must be derived from the data sheet. If these parameters are known, the power stage can be calculated. h)The Duty Cycle [0077] The first step after selecting the operating parameters of the converter is to calculate the maximum duty cycle for boost mode. The duty cycle is important because at these duty cycles the converter is operating at the extremes of its operating range.

[0078] The duty cycle is always positive and less than 1. Its equation is:

Vinmin x n

^{DBoost" 1} ν^Γ ^~

Where: Vin min = minimum input voltage Vout = desired output voltage Dboost = maximum duty cycle for boost mode η = estimated efficiency at calculated Vin, Vout, and lout

i) Induction

[0079] Data sheets often give a range of recommended inductor values. In the present case, an inductor is chosen from the range suggested on an IC datasheet. The higher the inductor value, the higher is the possible maximum output current because of the reduced ripple current.

[0080] Normally, the lower the inductor value, the smaller is the solution size. Note that the inductor must always have a higher current rating than the largest value of the maximum switch current. This is because the peak current increases with decreasing inductance.

[0081] For the boost mode the following equation is a good estimate for the right inductance:

^ Vinmin ² x (Vout— Vinmin)

Fsw x Kind x lout x Vout ²

Where: Vin min = minimum input voltage Vout = desired output voltage lout = desired maximum output current Fsw = switching frequency of the converter Kind = estimated coefficient that represents the amount of inductor ripple current relative to the maximum output current.

[0082] A good estimation for the inductor ripple current is 20% to 40% of the output current, or 0.2 < Kind < 0.4.

j) IC Selection and Circuit Design

[0083] Depending on the ICs selected, there will be various peripheral components that are needed for its operations such as capacitors and resistors. Drawing the circuit such as in Fig 16B, we started by adding the inductor at 2.7μΗ which stores the energy in its magnetic field temporarily and induces the voltage in the conductor.

[0084] A High Voltage Regulator is used which has a wide and steady state supply Voltage starting at 6V up to 30V. That automatically means that the circuit will start the actual "Boost" when the input Voltage is 6V.

Pin Selection

[0085] A PWM controller is used to control the steady state output with respect to the input Voltage by changing the duty cycle. This method takes a measurement of the output Voltage and subtracts this from a reference Voltage to establish a small error signal (VERROR). This signal is then compared to an oscillator ramp signal. The comparator outputs a digital output (PWM) that operates the power switch. When the circuit output voltage changes, VERROR also changes and thus causes the comparator threshold to change. Consequently, the output pulse width (PWM) also changes. [0086] This duty cycle change then moves the output voltage to reduce the error signal to zero, thus completing the control loop and keeping the output Voltage stable. The controller has a min input Voltage at 3 V and has a Low-Side Driver integrated.

8-Lead DFN

(2 mm x 3 mm) 8-Lead

[0087] Furthermore, the circuit uses a 2A Synchronous Buck Power Driver, which is a high efficiency buck Driver for a Boost Converter. This is important for the circuit and the addition of the transistor Q2 is there to assist inverting the PWM signal thus creating a Boost Converter. The IC thereby has I min input Voltage at 4.5V.

C _&OO T

~ CVg _j ppLY = 12V

CURRENT

BOOT SENSE

Vcc = 5V

3- V _cc UGATE

I FCCMn FCCM PHASE

CONTROL

PWM LGATE ^Q L GND 7

Reference design for the IC

[0088] Transistors, Ql and Q3, have been placed to ensure minimization of losses in the power conversion application. After all the ICs and their peripheral components have been placed in order, our final schematic was confirmed such as in Figure 16B.

k) STRUCTURE

[0089] As shown in Figure 2 the means for harvesting energy 1 1 comprises a thermal induction unit 24 which has separate top and bottom heat conductive plates 25, 27 separated by an intermediate means 26, wherein the thermal induction unit. A heat source 15A such as solar energy is used for heating the top conductive plate 25 while a heat sink 28 connects to the bottom conductive plate 27 to maintain a heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates.

[0090] The intermediate means 26 of the thermal induction thermal induction unit 24 in the form of semiconductor between the top conductive plate 25 and the bottom conductive plate 27 for using thermoelectric effect from a heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates and more particularly the Seebeck effect for extracting electrical energy from top electrical connector 29 and bottom electrical connector 30 to provide the Seebeck electrical potential energy Vs. [0091] For example, the heat source being solar energy in this embodiment, uses an optical concentrator 23 of a Fresnel lens as the heat source concentrator to amplify the efficient collection of solar energy collection transforming sunlight (UV light) into a focused beam. The radiant energy concentrator of the Fresnel lens amplifies light from many different degrees and angles so no matter which way the sun hits it the light will be focused towards a single focal point and through the cone which is engineered to further amplify the light absorption mirrors down and focuses the sporadic light and concentrates it onto the top of the heat conductive plate 25.

[0092] The Fresnel lens can amplify the efficient collection of solar energy collection transforming sunlight (UV light) into a focused beam onto the centre of each micro-chip with a focal spot diameter substantially at the microchip top surface.

[0093] Referring to Figure 3 there is therefore provided a method A method of harvesting radiant energy including the steps of: providing heat from a radiant energy source; providing separate heat conductive top plate and bottom plate with an intermediate means; focussing heat to conductive top plate; maintaining heat differential between top plate and bottom plate; and harvesting energy using thermal induction between top plate and bottom plate.

[0094] The apparatus for providing the means of harvesting energy needs to be a useful and innovative structure to be efficient and effective. As shown in Figures 7A to 7E there is a module 22 having a plurality of harvesting units 31 arranged in a planar arrangement to form a thin modular panel.

[0095] As shown in the cross sectional view of Figure 7D the modular panel 22 has a plurality of the thermal induction units 24. Each of the plurality of the thermal induction units 24 are arranged in a substantially planar array with all of the top plates 25 being aligned. [0096] Each of the plurality of the thermal induction units arranged in a substantially planar array each have a heat source concentrator 23 for concentrating heat from the heat source to the top conductive plate to maintain the heat differential between the spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates. The plurality of the heat source concentrators 23 for concentrating heat to each of the plurality of the thermal induction units are formed in a single integral unit being a continuous Fresnel lens. However different optical effects can be formed for each harvesting unit.

[0097] Referring to Figure 7E each of the thermal induction units 24 has separate top and bottom heat conductive plates 25, 27 separated by an intermediate means 26 wherein the plurality of thermal induction units extract electrical energy from a heat differential between the respective spaced top and bottom heat conductive plates and are electrically connected to each other to provide an accumulated output power source. The plurality of the thermal induction units are arranged in a substantially self-contained module to provide a module accumulated output power source.

[0098] A plurality of the substantially self-contained modules 22 can be connected to provide a combined module accumulated output power source.

[0099] Referring to Figures 8A to 8E and Figure 9A and 9B macro examination description comprises configuration of aluminum heat exchanger. Grey glue is used to glue the heat sink to the base of the ceramic sandwich of the thermoelectric generator microchip which also includes output leads. However instead of glue thermal grease or metallic mounting plate can be used. Also the heat sink might need to extend out of the casing to increase heat dissipation.

[00100] The thermodynamics equilibrium arrangement is what lies inside the microchip. Thermo-electrical pairs situated in a number of rows and columns. The end rows join across columns such that when the top is placed the thermoelectric pairs form a continuous circuit with the pairs being in series. Each leg of the pairs is a cube. Soldered amongst each cube there is a specific plinth which oscillates once heat is transferred via the pairs. This oscillation essentially imitates kinetic energy similar to that of a piston very similar to the Stirling engine.

[00101] Oscillation is the repetitive variation, typically in time, of some measure about a central value (often a point of equilibrium) or between two or more different states such as from cold to heat and visa verse.

[00102] The pairs are soldered metal contacts between two alumina ceramic plates, sealed with silicone sealant leaving two leads protruding. The soldering and cube metals = bismuth antimony telluride P type and bismuth telluride N type (Bi An Te Se Si) with a copper plinth placed in the middle encased with a Piezo-electric ceramic plates which are joined together with silicon.

[00103] Afterwards this ceramic sandwich is glued to an aluminum heat exchanger used from heat transfer thus the dissipation between the top of the microchip with the base of the heat sink is different. This dissipation difference enables the microchip to start producing electricity once heat is applied from the top surface.

[00104] All this forms a Thermal Electrical Generator (TEG) using a reverse Peltier type effect creating a Seebeck effect.

[00105] The control system of Figure 3 has an output box consisting of the CPU which provides the Wi-Fi which provides the ability to wirelessly control and monitor the device through Applicant's User Interface software platform.

[00106] A central processing unit (CPU) is the hardware within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. The CPU purpose is to process data of the User Interface (UI) which is the system by which people (users) interact with a machine. The user interface includes hardware (physical) and software (logical) components. User interfaces exist for various systems, and provide a means of:

U Input, allowing the users to manipulate a system

U Output, allowing the system to indicate the effects of the users' manipulation [00107] Generally, the goal of human-machine interaction engineering is to produce a user interface which makes it easy (self-exploratory), efficient, and enjoyable (user friendly) to operate a machine in the way which produces the desired result. This generally means that the operator needs to provide minimal input to achieve the desired output, and also that the machine minimizes undesired outputs to the human. [00108] This module 22 is a 1.5KW system but with further various connected modules 22 can provide a system ranging from 20-80 amps depending on what type system a user wants.

[00109] The preferred operating conditions are: a) The top hot side should be between 25 °C to 50 °C difference to have the best electrical production rates.3/31/2014 b) The ceramic doubles up as a good insulator and heat transfer absorber. c) Performance Specifications d) Maximum heat surface temperature: 135 °C e) Max voltage: 14vts f) Max amps: 6amps g) Lifetime: 200,000hours or 80,000 cycle's from cold to heat. [001 10] The heat is then used to create energy in a micro-unit to power an electrical generator. For the microchip to perform it preferably is structured through a lightweight aluminum structure which encapsulates vital parts that aid it in its productivity of electricity. Aluminum was used to help transfer heat more efficiently because of its lightweight properties, cheap cost and ease in the tooling/fabrication/CNC process. However other materials can be used dependent on costs and heat dissipation requirements and spacing availability.

[001 1 1] Four microchips together preferably form a circuit in the embodiment of the invention. The more microchips that are inserted into this system the more powerful the system becomes. The panel is designed to be part of a modular system. Modularity refers to an engineering technique that builds larger systems by combining smaller subsystems e.g. a panel by its self is a 1080 watt system, 2 panels become 2160 watt system etc.

[001 12] Therefore as shown in Figure 10 there is provided a modular means for harvesting solar energy including: a plurality of thermal induction units having separate top and bottom heat conductive plates separated by an intermediate means and arranged in a substantially planar array with all of the top plates being aligned; at least one heat source concentrator for concentrating heat to each of the plurality of the thermal induction units, the heat source concentrators including a Fresnel lens that harnesses sunlight and directs the light as a focal point on the top surface of top heat conductive plate; wherein the thermal induction units use the Seebeck effect of a Peltier thermoelectric generator TEG with the bottom plate attached to a heat-sink which dissipates the temperature assisting in the temperature differentiation between the top plate and the bottom plate and the resultant productivity of electricity; wherein the modular means is embedded into a lightweight slim line aluminium structure in panel format. The modular means for harvesting solar energy has the modular Peltier circuits connected to a stabilizer PCB DC-DC enhancer.

[001 13] As shown in Figure 10 the panel consists of: i) 1. Fresnel lens

ii) 2. Epoxy Resin

iii) 3. Aluminium Parts - A. Top case, B. Base case & C. Angled cone structures iv) 4. 2x Cable Grommets

v) 5. Mini Heat-sinks

vi) 6. Metal Glue

vii) 7. Applicant microchips

viii ) 8. Screws

ix) 9. Voltage stabilizer chips/PCA

x) 10. Active and Neutral wires

[001 14] This product can be a 1 kilowatt panel with the following product features:

; ' ^ ^; ¾ Ϊ ^; One of its kind, Thermal Induction microchip based technology

'O i 4 times more efficient than regular PV panels

_. ·. ·, : ·. / ·. ^' ; ;■ ^' | 1080 watts per oanel or 1.08 Kilowatts

'· ^{" '} ·. J 5 years warranty- 200,000 cycles

^' V _. · ·,· _. ; ^; _. Dimensions: W=557, L=917,H=41.90mm

^' , ¾ Tapped screws for easy assembly & disassembly/ Repairs

80% of the product consist of light weight recyclable aluminum

Yes - PCA stabilizer - Which stabilizes the electrical current.

1 Product sprayed with environment proof resistant coating.

^■"■ · ^■ ' ^■■■■ - ^' - ^{" !} - ^: - ^■■ · ^■■ ·' ^■■ ·- ^■■; -· ^■'■ - ^■■ -- ^' - ^{; ,} Wine down once everv vear.

^' ^:_^ '- ^' ^ '.^ϊ ^' : Pluggable into all types of brand Inverters, ongrid & offgrid installations

¾:, ;. - ^' _. ^! ii¾; Modular. Roof brackets, support frames perfect for retrofitting

^"' J^ Commercial, Residential, Greenfields, low & High Industry, Military.

Flat Pack - 20 & 40 foot containers

[001 15] It can be seen that the means lor harvesting energy comprising a thermal induction unit to harness solar power to produce free and large amounts of constant electricity that can be applied for both on and off grid applications. The product aims to deliver high voltage energy output in a low cost way in such a way eradicating expensive power bills once and for all simultaneously providing an easy installation solution applicable to even the most remote regions of the world.

[001 16] The device harnesses the energy of the sun and converts this solar radiation into electricity through a thermal induction microchip circuit generator panel. There are many possible variations in functionality depending on engineering a different type of harnessing device.

[001 17] The structural or mechanical engineering part of the product can be re-engineered in numerous ways. e.g. Our angled cones are polished aluminum . This part can design the cones to be formed with different measurements and different material such as ABS plastic which will then be electroplated. This type of approach could be applied to all structural parts.

[001 18] 1) Examples [001 19] Example 1

[00120] One example of Off Grid Ecosystem without the need of an inverter - First example of product spin off possibility. The Power Gen bank is a portable reserve battery converter allowing you to power and charge digital devices when a power point is not in reach however can be recharge via the Circuit panel. Perfect for on-site jobs, vacations i.e. camping trips, hiking, remote tracking and many others.

[00121] The system produces enough VDC to be alternated by the PCB regulator consequently allowing enough amps 1.5-2 and volts 3.7 -5V to power the smart devise. Thus no battery needed. The system is entirely autonomous powered by the Stirling Microchips which harness heat and controlled by its smart electronics. The benefits of adding a battery provides a complete off grid installation and portability.

[00122] The development of the new PCB regulator enables us to eliminate the inverter section from the ecosystem which purpose is the same - converting enough electricity to recharge a battery bank and power/charge smart devises. However the PCB is much smaller in form factor and much cheaper simultaneously less energy is needed to convert e.g from 12V that the inverter needed to 3.7 Volts for the Regulator, thus more excess in production which means more can be redirected for other powering purposes.

[00123] General Data of Power Gen Bank

Battery Cell Lithium Polymer or Nano Carbon

Power Capacity 10,000 - 50,000 mAh

Input 5V/1A & 5V/2A with connected PCB

Stabilizer / Booster 3Vin - 12Vout and 5Vin - 24Vout

Charge Time 8-12 hours

Standby Time 2,500 hours

Inputs 1 or more micro USB

Outputs 1-8 USBs plus pluggable multi adapter and extension cord. [00 124] DC voltage stabilizers

[00 125] Many simple DC power supplies regulate the voltage using either series or shunt regulators, but most apply a voltage reference using a shunt regulator such as a Zener diode, avalanche breakdown diode, or voltage regulator tube. Each of these devices begins conducting at a specified voltage and will conduct as much current as required to hold its terminal voltage to that specified voltage by diverting excess current from a non-ideal power source to ground, often through a relatively low-value resistor to dissipate the excess energy. The power supply is designed to only supply a maximum amount of current that is within the safe operating capability of the shunt regulating device.

[00 126] If the stabilizer must provide more power, the shunt regulator output is only used to provide the standard voltage reference for the electronic device, known as the voltage stabilizer. The voltage stabilizer is the electronic device, able to deliver much larger currents on demand.

[00127] Transistor regulator

[00128] In the simplest case a common collector transistor (emitter follower) is used with the base of the regulatin transistor connected directly to the voltage reference:

[00 129] A simple transistor regulator will provide a relatively constant output voltage, U _ull for changes in the voltage of the power source, U _m , and for changes in load, R , provided that Ui„ exceeds t by a sufficient margin, and that the power handling capacity o f the transistor is not exceeded.

[00 1 30] The output voltage of the stabilizer is equal to the zener diode voltage less the base- emitter voltage of the transistor, Uz - U _B E, where L½ is usually about 0.7 V for a sil icon transistor, depending on the load current. If the output voltage drops for any external reason, such as an increase in the current drawn by the load (causing a decrease in the Collector-Emitter junction voltage to observe VL), the transistor's base-emitter voltage ( U _B E) increases, turning the transistor on further and delivering more current to increase the load voltase again. R _V provides a bias current for both the zener diode and the transistor. The current in the diode is minimum when the load current is maximum. The circuit designer must choose a minimum voltage that can be tolerated across R _V , bearing in mind that the higher this voltage requirement is, the higher the required input voltage, [/,·„, and hence the lower the efficiency of the regulator. On the other hand, lower values of R _V lead to higher power dissipation in the diode and to inferior regulator characteristics.

ϊθηιίη + ^Lmax / i h FE + 1 )

[00131]

where V _{R m} ,„ is the minimum voltage to be maintained across R _V iDmin is the minimum current to be maintained through the zener diode hmax is the maximum design load current hFE is the forward current gain of the transistor, ICollector I IBase

[00132] Regulator with an operational amplifier

[00133] The stability of the output voltage can be significantly increased by using an operational amplifier:

[00134] In this case, the operational amplifier drives the transistor with more current if the voltage at its inverting input drops below the output of the voltage reference at the non-inverting input. Using the voltage divider (Rl, R2 and R3) allows choice of the arbitrary output voltage between U _z and Ui _n . [00135] Example 2 - Circuit Panel

[00136] Referring to Figures 13 A, 13B, 13C, 13D, 13E and 13F there is provided the means for harvesting energy in accordance with the invention which provides a required final outcome.

[00137] The .8Volts starting limit for electrical generation is the lowest setting known and has longer hours of operations while a higher (1.5vts) min starting from other PCB's will have a much shorter operating hours to produce electricity for the system.

[00138] On the Input Side there is Input Range: 0.7 to 5.0V Fixed Output: 3.3V

[00139] Output results:

• 1. Starting input operation point for electrical generation: .7vts · 2. .8vts will produce: 3.3vts output, constant current

• 3. Amperage output at the .7vts input is: .8 amps, variable current

• 4. Starting point voltage at .7volts micro-chip numbers: [00140] With 4 chip setup:

• 3.3vts X 4= 13.2 Volts · .8amps X 4 = 3.2amps

• Total wattage: 13.2vts X 3.2amps = 42.24watts

[00141] As the voltage from the micro-chip increases the amperage (variable current) will increase while the voltage (constant current) will stay the same. The micro-chip can generate up to 3vts under normal sunny daylight conditions and around lvts without sunlight but having heating generated by surrounding temperature differences.

[00142] 3vt per chip maximum generation projects voltage/amp numbers: Starting point projected voltage at 3 volts micro-chip numbers:

• 4 chip setup: 3.3vts X 4= 13.2 vts

• 4 chip setup: 1.4amps X 4 = 5.6amps · Total wattage: 13.2vts X 5.6amps = 73.92watts

NOTE: The 13.2 volts will drop to around 12. lvts to 12.4vts under load for operations and charging. Thus average production from the circuit panel is 43 watts and maximum 74 Watts. If 1 micro-chip fails the remaining 3 microchips can produce enough to still meet the 12 vts 3.2 Amp [00141] As shown in Figure 13D The accessories are designed to help the end user to either:

1. Harness Sun and/or Heat to re-charge the Battery Bank which would then power electrical devises

2. Mount the Hot box onto different heat surfaces to start power generation/harnessing

3. Accessory devises such as USB Lights, portable fan, Multiple USB adapter plug-in outlet and others which all provide different useable applications providing multiple options for the end user to select from

The fan can increase productivity efficiency up to 30% more.

[00143] What is a DC-DC Converter

[00144] Nowadays, power generation using solar power has increased dramatically because it is pollution free as compared to power generation using fossil fuels. Besides, it needs low maintenance and no noise and wear due to the absence of moving parts which make solar power attractive to the people. Solar power uses solar panel to convert sun irradiation into electric energy using photovoltaic effect.

[00145] The output voltage of a solar panel is varying depending on sun irradiation and temperature. As the sun irradiation and temperature changes, output voltage changing as well. Since the voltage produced is fluctuating, a lot of electronic equipment is unable to be directly connected. Therefore, a DC-DC boost converter with constant output voltage is needed. The boost converter will step up the solar panel voltage to the suitable voltage required by the following electronic equipment (e.g. Inverter).

Testing operational results for general specs and limits

Test 1 - Temperature Co-efficiencies in relation to output productivity in VDC.

Volts top heat Hea

Starting reading 18.8 19.7

lvt 19.5 19.7

2vts 22.8 20.8

3vts 26 21.5

4vts 28.8 22.3

5vts 32.8 23.7

6vts 37.7 24.6

7vts 43.3 25.8

8vts 52.8 28.5

9vts 63.1 31.4

lOvts 74.3 36.5

l lvts 85.0 43.8

12vts 97.7 51.4

13vt 114.1 64.0

[001461 Example 3

100147] Microchips placed closely together forming 1 larger square 80x80mm Each Stirling Microchips preferably wired in Parallel for the production of Amps or alternatively wired in Series for the production of Volts each Connecting to the PCB individually rather than collectively (series) - This will provide a more regulated current flow Microchip will be connect straight into the PCB rather than connect with each other first. This would eliminate any faults in case one or more of the chips fail they will not affect the others, resulting in a more regulated flow. See Figures 16B and 16C.

100148] Heat sink engineered as an independent part from the base case. Output capped at 12 Volts allowing amps and excess voltage to be distributed into the inverter to convert the voltage from VDC to VAC, enabling enough to power a phone and CLED light engines

[00149] PCB - Stabilizes the regulated circuit line then establishes Power factor correction simultaneously boosting output Efficiency constant by 98%. [00150] The smart IC makes sure that in the case of 1 or more Stirling Microchips failing the others will support and keep the VDC production stable and constant as long as heat is applied - This power factor correction technology. One microchip supporting the other.

[00151] Figure 21 demonstrates the required heat temperature required from the Stirling Microchips to create the necessary 5VDC to trigger the PCB stabilizer/booster functional capabilities to either re-charge the batter bank on power the inverter.

[00152] Figure 22 demonstrates the temperature reading from the small Fresnel lens (80x80x2mm) roughly set at 30 degree angle with the focal spot at 10mm proving that the lens is capable in generating the required heat to meet the Stirling microchip standards as demonstrated in Fig 1 with the use of the heat source.

[00153] m) Alternatives

[00154] Referring to Figures 17A, 17B and 17C there is shown other applications of our invention in other industries. Examples would include: a) Solar heat - radiant light b) Major civil engineering such as Geothermal energy harvesting, refuse methane energy harvesting etc c) Fossil fuel heat recovery d) Product accessories - i.e. garden lights, kitchen appliances, cooking surfaces, e) Vehicle radiant heat - car body heat recovery f) Vehicle engine thermal emission recovery g) Recreational Vehicles and transportation panel installation capabilities h) Humanitarian product aid capabilities i) Military Applications - Desert warfare / Space Tech j) other ecosystem capabilities.

[00155] In Figure 17A there is Example of circuit panel attached to an industrial hot pipe or power tools in a heat exchanger arrangement. Exactly same inner design format of the circuit panel is used. The only difference is the Fresnel lens has been removed and in its place a new housing design has been applied resulting in a totally different heat harnessing setup. Metallic hot plate which can connect to metallic surfaces to utilize the excess heat emitted from hot surfaces i.e. from industrial hot pipes, car bonnet, multiple hot surfaces and environments.

[00156] Stirling Microchip indication point - Visual indication for placement instructing proper use. The output are A (+) wire N (-) wire provide distribution to battery bank or Inverter or supplying the electrical grid. Multiple variations of structure bases can be designed adaptable to a variety of applications.

[00157] Referring to Figure 17B there are shown Geothermal applications. An example is "a tree like system" with advanced circuit panels engineered on an industrial level spanning in both surface directions - over and under the different environments to provide the heat differential ΔΗ.

[00158] A series of multiple Stirling Microchip and advanced motherboard PCB connected around inside the pole harnessing the earth's heat. Exactly same inner design format of the circuit panel. The only difference is the Fresnel lens has been removed and in its place a new housing design has been applied resulting in a totally different heat harnessing setup. Metallic hot plate which can connect to metallic surfaces to utilize the excess heat emitted from hot surfaces i.e. from industrial hot pipes, car bonnet, multiple hot surfaces and environments.

[00159] Referring to Figure 17C there is use of Parabolic Dish as intensifier of heat, with Stirling Microchips (Thermal Energy Generators) Heat Surface area, Exactly same design format of the inner circuit panel. The only difference is the Fresnel lens has been removed and in its place the panel has been attached to a parabolic dish resulting in a totally different heat harnessing and light directional setup.

[00160] Regardless of the heat source, when heat is applied to the circuit layout of Stirling microchips connected to a heat sink, regardless if the Stirling Microchips are wired in series or parallel this includes the PCB, the entire circuit system produces enough voltage to provide power effectively to either charge-recharge a battery bank, power an inverter which purpose is to convert DC into AC electricity which alternatively can power/charge the appropriate electrical device or a series of different appliances simultaneously depending on their consumption (wattage level) requirements.

[00161] Productivity output.is enhanced by the smarts behind the IC, which plays a vital role in the performance of the entire product/circuit. The technology is based upon a modular circuit system. This means to achieve more output capabilities, it simply becomes a matter of designing a panel (or structure) that will include more single circuits. Alternatively singular formatted panels can be connected together as individual panels collectively achieving the desirable output outcome. Basically by adding circuits together the more powerful the end system will become - modularity

[00162] Regardless of the radiant light/heat devise or harnessing system directing light and/or heat panel ecosystem will generate Voltage as long as heat is applied onto its Stirling microchip surface.

[00163] Referring to Figure 18A there is vehicle engine thermal emission recovery system in which the heat from the engine can be withdrawn to one side of the Sterling microchip multi circuit system 55 and the other side is cooled like a heatsink 67 by the vehicle radiator so as to provide the hot side/cool side of the heat chips 55 in a similar way to as shown in Figure 1 1 with the printed circuit board 59 converting the heat difference to electrical energy for transfer to the batteries of the vehicle and distribution as electrical power to the vehicle.

[00164] In Figure 18B there is the use of fossil fuels, or fire or in this case a candle as a source of heat to harvest heat energy and provide electrical harvested energy.

[00165] In Figure 18C there is a kit comprising a collection of tools designed to be used for a specific purpose. In this case it would be used in harnessing heat to generate electricity, off the grid, so users can power their electrical devises where a power socket is far from reach.

Interpretation

Embodiments: [00166] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but may. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, in one or more embodiments.

[00167] Similarly it should be appreciated that in the above description of example embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. This method of disclosure, however, is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments are hereby expressly incorporated into this Detailed Description of Specific Embodiments, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.

[00168] Furthermore, while some embodiments described herein include some but not other features included in other embodiments, combinations of features of different embodiments are meant to be within the scope of the invention, and form different embodiments, as would be understood by those in the art. For example, in the following claims, any of the claimed embodiments can be used in any combination.

Different Instances of Objects

[00169] As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third", etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

Specific Details

[00170] In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, structures and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.

Terminology [00171] In describing the preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, specific terminology will be resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific term includes all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar technical purpose. Terms such as "forward", "rearward", "radially", "peripherally", "upwardly", "downwardly", and the like are used as words of convenience to provide reference points and are not to be construed as limiting terms. Comprising and Including

[00172] In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" are used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

[00173] Any one of the terms: including or which includes or that includes as used herein is also an open term that also means including at least the elements/features that follow the term, but not excluding others. Thus, including is synonymous with and means comprising.

Scope of Invention

[00174] Thus, while there has been described what are believed to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will recognize that other and further modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention. For example, any formulas given above are merely representative of procedures that may be used. Functionality may be added or deleted from the block diagrams and operations may be interchanged among functional blocks. Steps may be added or deleted to methods described within the scope of the present invention. [00175] Although the invention has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in many other forms.

Industrial Applicability [00176] It is apparent from the above, that the arrangements described are applicable to the industries for recovery and harvesting of energy and particularly heat energy. It is apparent from the above, that the arrangements described are applicable to the industries for harvesting", enhancing, stabilizing, distributing, converting, storing and generating energy from heat.