MECHANISM FOR PASSENGERS SAFETY AT SUDDEN DECELERATION AND ACCELERATION TRAUMA

The technical description of the invention:

In general, a vehicle's occupant receives a kinetic energy transfer similar to that of the vehicle itself. As an automobile collides with an object, passengers collide with the interior of the automobile, and the internal organs collide with the body wall or are sheared from anatomic attachment, this project keep on relativity constant acceleration for passenger with gradual deceleration for them, without acute stop, as consequence prevent acceleration deceleration trauma.

DETAILED EXPLANATION OF INVENTION: Frontal and Rear Impact:

With frontal impact, the vehicle stops abruptly, and unrestrained front-seat occupants move in one of two predictable pathways: down and under the dashboard or up and over the steering wheel. With the former movement, the knees strike the dashboard, and the upper legs absorb the primary energy transfer. Dislocated knees, fractured femurs, and posterior fracture dislocations of the hips are the expected injuries.

After the knees impact, the upper body flexes forward, moving up and over the steering wheel. The chest or abdomen impacts the steering wheel, and the head impacts the windshield.

The head stops the forward momentum of the torso, and kinetic energy is absorbed by the cervical spine (Fig. 11-2).

Predictable injury patterns resulting from the up-and-over component of a frontal impact:

1. the anterior chest wall compresses the steering wheel so that fractured ribs, flail chest, pulmonary contusion, and myocardial contusion result.

2. Compression injuries occur to hollow abdominal viscera and solid organs and can result in visceral organ perforation, mesenteric or solid organ hemorrhage, or parenchymal injury.

3. after the anterior chest stops, intrathoracic organs continue to move, resulting in shears injuries such as lacerations of the aorta or liver.

4. Shear injuries to the kidneys and other solid viscera may also occur.

5. Injury to the brain can occur from direct compression, with scalp lacerations, skull fractures, and cerebral contusions, or from deceleration and shear stress, which cause diffuse axonal injury and cerebral contusion or subdural hematoma.

6. Acute neck flexion, hyperextension, or both, can occur, causing cervical spine injury.

7-lnjury to vascular system: laceration at arterial wall leads to aneurysms that could bleeds suddenly or formation thrombosis at vascular wall which leads to infarction and necrosis to organs.

Rear impact collisions occur when stationary c>r slow-moving yehicjes are struck from behind. The amount of kinetic energy generated depends on the difference between the velocities of the two vehicles, rather than their sum, as with forward collisions. After a rear impact, the vehicle and its occupants accelerate forward, during which time cervical spine hyperextension with injury can occur. If the vehicle slows to a stop spontaneously, often the occupants are not severely injured. If the car strikes another object, the occupants are thrown forward, with injury potentials similar to those seen with a frontal impact. Rear impact collisions therefore can cause two types of injury: those caused by the primary rear impact and those resulting from the secondary frontal impact. Restraint Device Injury :

If Restraint Device is improperly positioned, lap belts can rise above the pelvis, delivering the compression force to the soft tissues of the abdominal cavity or retroperitoneum. Common injuries if lap belts are incorrectly strapped above the anterior iliac crest include compression injuries of the intraabdominal organs (liver, pancreas, spleen, small bowel, and large bowel), increased intraabdominal pressure and diaphragmatic rupture, and anterior compression of the lumbar spine. Diagonal shoulder straps should be worn in combination with lap belts to prevent forward motion of the trunk. Diagonal shoulder straps should not be worn alone because this practice is associated with chest and neck injuries if the pelvis is not secured by the lap belt. Injuries associated with shoulder straps include clavicle and rib fractures and carotid artery injuries. Lap belt injuries include hollow organ perforation, mesenteric bleeding, and more severe solid organ injuries as well as thoracolumbar fractures. Air bags to be effective, air bags must be used in combination with the other restraints, because they deflate immediately and therefore do not prevent secondary collisions. They are not effective in lateral or rear impact collisions.

Suggested plan for application:

A-The method depends on eight wheels and four cylinders fixed on the board sheet of the vehicle for each chair.

B- The four upper wheels fixed on the passengers chairs or drivers chair at the chairs corners by axes, and every upper wheel interacting with sets of permanent magnets with magnetic sets of outer part of lower wheel, and as a result occur repelling force, that with the magnetic rail provided elevating force and permit low fraction movement along the rail and provide support and prevention of lift off as said in US .Patent CROWLEY N 5,440,997 AUG. 15 ,1995. [Magnetic suspension transportation system and method.] .

C- The permanent magnetic rail of the upper wheel catching the outer part of lower wheel like railway at new fast trains, this for preserving anterior movement of the occupants keep in relatively continuous movement ,by keeping movement the outer part of lower four wheels.figurel and this is the first fixation point .

D-Every lower wheel consist of two parts: The magnetic outer part connected with magnetic upper wheel by permanent magnetic rail as railway, and as a result the wheels could moves at one of two direction forward or backward, by magnetic repelling force, dependence at movement direction . The outer part of the lower wheel moves without relation to own central axis, dependence at movement of upper wheel, this permit low fraction movement along the rail and better magnetic and mechanic fixation Figure 2. E- The inner part of the lower wheel rotates with relation to own axis, and without relation to the magnetic outer part of this wheel. F- Every inner part of the lower wheel connected with two anterior and two posterior arms, these arms contained in metallic shift fixed on the board sheet of the car and it's the second fixation point.

Each end of the outer parts of the metallic arm ended at the center of the inner part of the lower wheel with circular hinges. Each hinges has at the periphery an axis with varying length (the tow upper longer than the tow lower axis} that fixed on the side of the round central axis of rotation mechanism at the inner part of the lower wheel. That's allow to the arm move forward or backward movement, this movement rotate the central axis of inner part of lower wheel ,and the result rotation of the inner wheel . G- Each inner part of the metallic arms contain in metallic shift ,which fixed

on the board sheet , this part included in suitable high pressure spring ,this spring compresses when collides happened ,to resist the transferred kinetic energy from metallic board sheet ,and to reduces pushing off the metallic arm forward and to backward_it _r ,a,nd by that rotate the mechanism of-the inner part of the lower wheel. Figure3

H- The anterior and posterior arms must be positioned at two opposite position at the center of rotation mechanism ( upper and lower arms ) ,to make them move in same direction ,when energy transfer to them ,it spends and empties the kinetic energy resulted from the opposite responding collides . figure 4

1-The lower wheels based on magnetically supportive cylinders, which fixed on the sheet board of the car from the sides and this the third fixation point , these cylinders have permanent magnetic repelling force mechanism with the outer part of the lower wheel, and have a free four edges from the sheet board of the car to rotate freely with minimal fraction, and by that the kinetic energy relatively move the chair forward or back ward direction with the passengers to protect the driver or passengers from acceleration or deceleration effect ,when collides happened , and the chair with the passengers have relativity the same kinetic energy or less , without acute stop J-this device must be used with addition to new suggested safety seat belt which originate and fixed on the chair. The occupants became with the chair as one unit, and the injury from the seat belt by compression will be avoided. Figure 5

DRAWINGS:

{ figure 11-2. Down and under(A)and up and over(B)Mechanisms of injury after frontal deceleration impact. 1-Dislocation of knee.2-Fracture of femur.3- Posterior dislocation from acetabulum. {Figure -1. The upper wheel catching the outer part of lower wheel like railway-B-The inner part of lower wheel-c-lower magnetic supportive cylinder

D-Magnetic sets.}

{Figure-2. Reduction the fraction between the wheels by magnets sets and elevating the outer part of the lower wheel from the rail by permanent sets of magnets. [A-The upper wheel. B-The outer part of lower wheel .C-The rail.] [Figure3- fixation the inner wheel on board sheet with metallic arm {without compression} 1-Empty space.2-spiral. 3-metalic arm ,4-Round hinge .5- Metalic shift.6-Lower wheel.7-Fixation of metallic shift to board sheet.] {Figure 4: fixation of metallic arm on the central inner round axis of the inner part of lower wheel. < 1-lnner part of lower wheel 2- Upper arm 3- Lower arm 4- two upper arms 5-two lower arms 6- Internal Round rotation mechanisms . >}

{Figure5- Magnetically repelling force of the Lower supportive cylinders with the outer part of the lower wheel. A-outer part of the lower wheel .B- magnetic supportive cylinder .C-magnetic sets with repelling force.}

{FIGURE 6- the new mechanisms of the vehicles with inner wheels and new seat belt fixation. [A- Before the mechanisms 1-Dislocation of knee.2- Fracture of femur.3-Posterior dislocation from acetabulum.] {B-new mechanisms fixated to the vehicle and new fixation of the seat belt. A- fixation of the seat belt.}

References: BIBLIOMED TEXT- Mastery of Surgery Third edition: Nyhus.Baker.Fischer

- Trauma chapter 11 -Biomechanics of blunt trauma Motor vehicle collisions figure 11-2. - Trauma chapter76 -brain injury chapter 108

-Trauma causes deceleration injury chapter 112

-Mechanism of injury deceleration injury chapter 55

-deceleration injury pathophysiology chapter 95

_ US Patent Crowley N 5,440,997 AUG .15 ,1995 .Magnetic suspension transportation system and method.

Containments:

1- DETAILED EXPLANATION OF INVENTION page 1-8.

2- CLAIMS MUST BE PROTECTED page 5 3-Drwings 6-7-8 -9-PAGES 4- CONCLUSION OF INVENTION page 10. 5-references - containments page 11.