Sterility compliance is the first salient feature of the present invention.

Nevertheless, no less important is the possibility of having a surgery where doctors of different specialities can practise medicine. In this manner, in addition to providing a better service, there will be an economy of scale that is very important in the evolution of modern medicine.

Odonto-stomatology, from being an almost exclusively technical branch, has currently become prevalently surgical (surgery of the gums, implant surgery, bone grafts, opening and modifying the maxillary sinus, etc.) . In this branch of medicine, even a simple examination holds dangers, inasmuch as it involves probing the gingival pockets, which always creates microwounds with the escape of blood that may be infected.

It is now certain that many diseases, from the most minor to the most serious, are transmitted through sessions of dental treatment and that these infections are not transmitted only by instruments such as drills, syringe, electrical surgical knives, tooth sealers, etc and by the hands of the operator and the assistants, but also by the apparatuses and by the containers (dental units) of said instruments. Further, the dental unit is bulky, full of slits and zones that are difficult to reach for cleaning and disinfection. In addition, it prevents the circulation of the other apparatuses that are today indispensable in a dental surgery and it makes it difficult even for the dental assistants to move.

Detailed studies have clearly demonstrated that the water supplied by the dental unit may be contaminated. Further, it is clear that a correlation exists between the contamination and both the external and internal structural morphology of the dental unit.

The stagnant water in the pipes is an ideal terrain for the microorganisms that adhere tenaciously to the inside walls of the pipes. These colonies of bacteria become increasingly better organised as time passes, creating a terrain that is progressively more favourable to the development of the bacteria and it is for this reason that dental units are increasingly responsible for the contamination of dental surgeries as time passes. The material, which is called "biofilm" , which lodges inside the supply conduits, in the joints, in the valves and in all the connecting parts is a breeding-ground for entire colonies of bacteria .

The object of the present invention is thus to create a medical surgery, in particular a dental surgery, that remedies the aforementioned drawbacks and, more specifically, the object is to create a medical surgery inside which the doctor can work with completely sterile apparatuses that remain completely sterile, patient after patient in order to eliminate cross infections. Another object of the present invention is to create a dental surgery that comprises all the apparatuses that the dentist needs that are distributed in movable trolleys.

Impeccable sterility conditions are a fundamental feature so as to eliminate the danger of cross infections .

In particular, one of the service units contains apparatuses that produce ozone to sterilise the internal and external instruments, which consist of pipes carrying air and water to the rotating instruments and aspiration pipes, and the fittings for fitting the pipes to the service units.

The ozone carried to the various installations and to corresponding containers is able to sterilise the instruments and also the entire environment.

The reduced volume of the apparatuses and the dental chair that is transformable into an operating table enable the surgery to be used for other medical specialities . This is possible owing to the particular design of the apparatuses and because an environment with impeccable sterility has been created, that was until now inconceivable in a dental surgery. The features and advantages of a dental surgery, which can also be used as a medical surgery, according to the present invention will become clearer from the following description provided by way of non- limiting example of a preferred embodiment thereof, referring to the attached schematic drawings, in which: figure IA shows a schematic and partial plan view of a medical surgery with apparatuses and plants with improved sterility conditions according to the present invention; figure IB shows a raised side and detail views of an apparatus belonging to the medical surgery of figure IA; figure 1C illustrates the control panel of the apparatus in figure IB; figure ID shows the operating diagram of the apparatus in figure IB; figure IE shows a raised side view of a first service unit of the medical surgery of figure IA; figure IF illustrates the apparatuses contained in the service unit of figure IE; figure IG shows a detail of the apparatuses in figure IF; figure IH shows a raised side and transparent view of a second service unit of the medical surgery of figure IA; figures 2A and 2B show in a schematic manner the operation of the apparatuses contained in the first service unit of figure IE; figures 3 and 4A show schematically a respectively profile and frontal view of the column of the doctor of the medical surgery of figure IA; figure 4B shows three views of the instrument-holding forks of the column of figures 3 and 4A; figure 4C shows a detail of the column of figures 3 and 4A; figures 5A and 5B are respectively rear and bottom views of the column of figures 3 and 4A; figures 6A and 6B show further details of the column of figures 3 and 4A; figure 7 shows the control panel of the column of figures 3 and 4A; figure 8 illustrates the operation of the solenoid valves that control dispensing of the water and air for the operation of the instruments of the column of figures 3 and 4A; figures 9 and 10 are other views of the detail shown in figure 4C; figures HA and HB show the quick-release fittings for the instruments of the column of figures 3 and 4A; figure 12 shows the control panel of the gauges and of the corresponding regulators belonging to the column of figures 3 and 4A and positioned in the service unit of figure IF; figures 13A, 13B and 13C show an instrument belonging to the column of figures 3 and 4A; figures 14A, 14B and 14C show a further instrument belonging to the column of figures 3 and 4A; figures 15A and 15B show a pedal control of the instruments of the column of figures 3 and 4A; figures 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D and 16E show schematically the water/aspiration unit of the medical surgery of figure IA; figures 17A, 17B and 17C schematically show a servo unit belonging to the medical surgery of figure IA; figure 18A shows a top view of a dental chair/couch belonging to the medical surgery of figure IA; figures 18B, 18C, 18D, 18E and 18F show details of the dental chair/couch of figure 18A; and figures 19 and 20 show a raised side view of the dental chair/couch of figure 18A in two different use configurations.

According to the present invention, the following apparatuses are fundamental for operating in the medical surgery disclosed above.

1) A first wall-mounted service unit 160 (figure IA) that is suitable for supplying ozone to decontaminate the piping carrying the water to the apparatuses that supply the rotating instruments, the entire environment and also the instruments . This apparatus 160, after the old dental unit has been divided into different units connected together, is the heart of the system because it is able to sterilise the entire surgery, occupies less space (figure IA) and offers more complete services with greater security for patients and operators .

2) A second base service unit on the doctor side, shown schematically in figure IA by 14. This service unit 14 supplies demineralised water that is sterilised by ozone. It also supplies air filtered through absolute filters. The apparatuses within this service unit 14 enable all the piping inside the internal piping of the trolley of the doctor and of the assistant to be sterilised by means of heavily ozonised water.

3) A third base service unit on the assistant side, shown schematically in figure IH by 122, for collecting and disinfecting sludge collected from the surgical aspirator and from the washbasins, and for evacuating the sludge into the drains.

4) A trolley 11 (figure IA) on the doctor side that carries the rotating instruments. This trolley 11 is supplied by an (umbilical) cord that leads away from the service unit 14. 5) A trolley 12 on the assistant side (figure IA) , operationally connected to the service unit 122, that carries the water/aspiration unit and a series of drawers that contain overgloves and other sterile material that is ready for the assistant to use.

6) A trolley 13 on the doctor side (figure IA) that is used as a resting surface for the instruments and carries a series of drawers also containing overgloves and other sterile material that is ready for the doctor to use.

7) A couch of a doctor or dental chair, shown schematically in figure IA by 125.

In particular, units 11, 12 and 125 have functional, aesthetic and engineering simplification features that are such as to make the units 11, 12 and 125 financially accessible to facilities dedicated to social medicine. In this manner, having as a final object the elimination of cross infections, an ethical object is primarily obtained and enormous advantages with regard to the costs for the National Health Service.

In the wall-mounted service unit or apparatus 160 (figure IA), disclosed in detail in figure IB, there is found the unit 161 with eight pipes that produce ozone. The electric voltage enters the two transformers 162 and 163 (figure IB) at 230 Volt, the two transformers 162 and 163 (figure IB) take the voltage to 10,000 volt. Each transformer takes the voltage to four pipes. This subdivision enables separate outlets of ozone that may have the same flowrate, but, by varying the connection of the pipes, this flowrate can be different. Being able to have two installations offers much greater operating scope.

The ozone exits the pipes 166 and enters the rotating cylinders, passing from the respectively right and left holes 178, 179 to enter the respective cylinders with the quick-release fittings 176 (detail 174/F of figure IB) . The ozone exits the cylinders with the quick-release fittings 177 (detail 174/F of figure IB) and, passing from the holes 180, exits the service unit with the pipes 181 (figure IB) . A series of controls located in the panel 190

(figure 1C) enables the ozone to be sent to the various installations. This panel 190 divides the service unit containing the apparatuses for producing the ozone and using the ozone into two parts. In the upper part there are the transformers and the units of pipes that generate the ozone (161, figure IB) , whilst in the lower part there are two rotating cylinders for sterilising the instruments (164 and 165, figure IB) .

These cylinders 164 and 165 have a motor that rotates the cylinders 164 and 165 by 340° to the right, then 340° to the left. This is used to move the instruments, which are within bags, that, after sterilisation, will be sealed.

With 174/F in figure IB there is indicated the external front part of the cylinder. With 175 the bar is indicated that enables the lid to be closed hermetically. With 176 the inlet of the ozone and with 177 the outlet of the excess is shown. With 174/R in figure IB there is shown the internal part of the lid of the cylinder. The quick-release fitting 176 inside is divided into five fittings were five tubes can be inserted that will carry the ozone inside the bags containing the instruments.

Into the bag a process indicator is inserted to ensure that the ozone has entirely filled the bag and has thus caused the instruments to be sterilised.

Also in elements 174/F and 174/R, with 177 the tube is indicated that carries the excess of the ozone outside. Clearly, the ozone is sent outside the operating unit, into the outer environment, after transformation into O ₂ .

On the sides of the cylinders 164 and 165 the humidifiers 171 are found.

It has been ascertained that the ozone acts much more in a humid environment. It is necessary to humidify sufficiently to obtain good sterilisation but which then enables the bag to be dried, which is sealed for conservation.

The ozone that exits the group of pipes that produce ozone enters the quick-release fitting 172. In the unit 161 of the apparatus 160, the air aspiration is indicated with 167. With the 10,000 volt electric discharges this air is transformed into the O ₃ that exits the pipes 166.

The pipes 166 that exit the ozonising unit 161A and 161B follow two paths (cylinder 164 or 165) . When the instruments have to be sterilised for conservation, the instruments have to be bagged and when the instruments exit the rotating cylinders 164 and 165 the bags are sealed. The ozone must be humidified so that it has a greater effect, it is thus passed through the humidifiers 171 before entering the rotating cylinders through the quick-release fitting 176.

After the ozonising cycle, air is admitted at 0.5 bar, this air first passes though absolute filters and will remove a large part of the humidity remaining inside the bags that contain the instruments.

The ozone can be used to ionise the water contained in the tank 168. The ozonised water is highly sterilising and is used to sterilise instruments, milling units, canal instruments, etc that have to be used immediately and thus pass from the tank to the operating table.

The ozone can be used to sterilise the demineralised water of the autoclave 137, or the water of the container 142 that is used for sterilising all the internal piping of the trolley of the rotating instruments (11, figure IA) .

In order to limit the number of controls, an extension is used that is inserted into the pipe that should reach the fitting 176 of one of the rotating cylinders or also both.

On the opposite side this extension is inserted into the quick-release fitting 169 of the tank, or into the quick-release fitting 184 of the cylinder 182, or several cylinders, having in this case a new humidifier 171 in the centre of a container 186 of pipes 182 (figure IB) .

The pipes 182 are used to sterilise the air and water pipes that supply the rotating instruments (37, figures 3 and 4A) and also the aspirating pipes (164, figure 16C) . At the head of the cylinders there is a hermetic lid 183 that carries the quick-release fittings (figure IB) . The same thing occurs for the tank 168.

In all cases there must never be any loss of ozone into the environment . The excess ozone exits the quick-release fittings 170 for the tank 185, for the pipes. Also in this case extensions are used that will carry the evacuation pipes to the quick-release fittings 177 of the rotating cylinders . Also in the sterilisation of the pipes after the passage of ozone the passage of dry air to remove the humidity is activated. In the case of pipes made of plastics (37, figures 3 or 164, figure 16C) it is not very important whether they remain slightly humid. In the case of the bagged instruments, if humidity still remains after sealing of the bags, the bags are placed inside a dry kiln to have perfect drying as they may even be conserved for rather a long time. The ozone is evacuated through the pipes that exit the holes 180 that, instead of being inserted into the fittings 175 of the rotating cylinders 164 and 165 through the extensions, will go to the quick-release fittings 185 and 170 respectively of the cylinders 182 and of the tank 168 to exit the service unit 160 via the pipe 181.

With 182 in figure IB there is schematised a long cylinder for sterilising the water, air, supplying and aspiration pipes, endoscopes, etc.

With 183 the hermetic cap is indicated with the quick-release fitting 184 for the entry of the ozone and the quick-release fitting 185 for evacuation of the ozone. The pipe for the smaller instruments can be shorter, as indicated by the broken line.

The control panel, indicated by 190 in figure 1C, is able to manage the entire apparatus 160 that produces ozone and distribute the ozone to the various installations. In the centre of the panel 190 a lever switch with a corresponding pilot lamp enables the entire apparatus 160 to be powered up.

On the basis of the schematic drawing shown in figure ID, the air comes from the absolute filter 140, passes from the pressure reducer 191 (figure 1C), with the corresponding gauge 192, through the unit of four pipes (161A or 161B) that produce the ozone and reaches the rotating cylinder 164 or 165 or both rotating cylinders 164 and 165 when both units 161 are activated (figure IB) .

In both the paths the ozone passes through a humidifier before reaching the rotating cylinders. In order to ozonise the tank 168 or the cylinders 182 or in order to ozonise to sterilise the demineralised water contained in the autoclave 137 or in the sterilising container 142 by means of heavy ozonised water, in all the internal piping of the trolley of the rotating instruments extensions 197 (figure ID) are used.

The extensions 197, provided with fittings, are inserted into the pipes that carry the ozone to the rotating cylinders such that the gas does not go to the quick-release fitting 176 but reaches the fittings for the ozone of the various containers.

The extensions 198 evacuate the ozone, starting from the outlet fittings of the various containers, and convey the ozone to the pipes that exit the holes (180, figure IB) that join the pipes 181 that go to the exterior, where O ₃ is transformed into O ₂ .

It will now be seen how a sterilising cycle occurs in a rotating cylinder or in a pipe 182:

1) the device 160 is switched on by the switch 196 (figure 1C) ;

2) the rotation of the cylinders 164 and 165 is determined by the pushbutton 194S or 194D;

3) ozone dispensing, which will last 5 minutes, is activated by the pushbutton 193S or 193D;

4) drying is primed by the switch 195S or 195D which drying, with a timer, will start up after 5 minutes. After 5 minutes have elapsed, dispensing of the ozone finishes and dispensing of the air for drying commences for yet another 5 minutes.

The device 160 stops, the bags are extracted, are sealed, and if a little humidity remains, the bags are placed in a dry kiln to terminate drying.

This is the process for the rotating cylinders and may vary according to the different external containers. It will be identical for the pipes 182 except for the actuation of rotation. For the tank 168 or for the autoclave 137 or for the container 142, after the machine 160 is switched on, only the ozone will be activated that the timer will cause to be dispensed for 5 minutes.

Something very important must be emphasised: all the closures, both the lids and the quick-release fittings, must be absolutely hermetic so as to have no dispersal of ozone in the environment.

An environmental overdose could be harmful to persons . It is indispensable to have one quantitative ozone sensor present in the environment. This sensor has to intervene by arresting the apparatus 160 in the event of a leak and thus of an ozone dose above the set limits. A second service unit is shown in figure IA, indicated by 14. This is disclosed in figures IA, IF and IG. In this service unit 14 there is found the low- voltage power unit for supplying all the apparatuses (reference 130 of figure IF) .

The air coming from the compressor inside or outside the operating unit reaches the dryer 141, provided with a pressure regulator, that takes the pressure to the value of 3 bar. Piping carries the air from the dryer to the absolute filter, where the air enters through the quick-release fitting 140/2. A safety valve 140/1 intervenes if the pressure varies and maintains the 3 bar value stable. After the air passes through the absolute filter, the air exits the quick-release fitting 140/3 and is divided between the flow regulator for the various installations of the rotating instruments of the trolley of the doctor (144, figure IF) and the apparatus 145 containing the sterilised water, with the ozone that serves the installations of the trolley 11 of the doctor, and, as will be seen below, also the installations of the trolley 12 of the assistant.

The pressure of the water that exits the autoclave is stabilised at 1 bar by the regulator with the corresponding gauge (133, figure IF) .

The manually controlled flow switch (136, figure IF) in a horizontal position determines the use of the water for the various installations. In a vertical position it enables the autoclave 137 to be replaced. To the right of the panel 145 there is another manually- controlled flow switch 135 that, in the horizontal position, enables the water for the various installations to circulate normally, as already disclosed. This flow switch, if vertically positioned, circulates highly ozonised water that sterilises everything in all the internal water piping, the solenoid valves, the flow regulators 144, the joints, etc.

To obtain this it is sufficient, in addition to positioning the lever, to introduce the pipe 153 and 139 into the quick- release fittings of the container 142. Obviously, the three 3 solenoid valves 81, 82, 83

(figure 8) have to open that determine the flow of the water to the rotating instruments of the trolley of the doctor (figures 3 and 4A) . Figure 2A shows the normal work circuit whilst figure 2B shows the sterilising circuit.

This diagram will be disclosed in greater detail below.

The ozonised water will pass through all the internal piping and will exit the pipes that supply the rotating instruments. The ozonised water that exits these pipes is collected by the container fixed to the right door (134, figure IF) of the service unit 14.

The pressure regulator located between the gauge 133 and 138 will regulate the flow of the ozonised water for sterilising the internal piping.

In figure IG there is shown schematically the upper part of the autoclave 137 where there are two quick- release fittings: 137/1 for the entry of the air, 137/2 for the exit of the water at 1 bar pressure.

To the left of the service unit chamber 14 there is an HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter 140 for filtering the air coming from the (centralised or single-surgery) compressor, after being dried by the filters 141.

Inside the left door of the service unit 14 the panel of the gauges and corresponding regulators 144 is fixed (figure IF) that will be disclosed in detail below.

For the details, see figure 12, where 121 indicates and regulates the flow of air of the turbine, 122 and 123 indicate the water and the air with the regulators of the spray of the turbine 124 and 125, with the corresponding regulators of the water and of the air of the spray of the micromotor, 126 and 127 indicate the water and the air with the regulators of the spray of the syringe .

The service unit 15 of the figure IA has been designed to be able to contain a single -surgery compressor, enormously simplifying the plant design.

A third base service unit 122 on the assistant side is schematised in figure IH. There are four service units that are joined together by a shelf, the washbasin for the doctor 124 and the washbasin for the assistant 123.

The service unit 120 is set up to contain a single- surgery aspirating unit.

Obviously, a centralised aspirating unit can be used.

In the service unit 122 of figure IH there is a tank 145 for collecting liquids coming from the single- surgery or centralised unit 155, from the washbasin 123 of the assistant and 124 of the doctor (figure IH) .

Sodium hypochlorite is automatically poured into this tank to eliminate the bacterial load 154. In this case the ozonised water is not used because it remains active for a very short time and ozone would have to be added too frequently.

A lifting pump 146 (figure IH) collects the liquids from the tank and, through the piping that rises along the chamber 18, discharges the liquids even very far into the drains 156. In this manner no plumbing and hydraulic work is necessary.

The chamber 17 of figure IA is used to convey the electric cables to the panel 130 of figure IF after passing from the panel 16 of figure IA. The chamber 17 can also be used to convey compressed-air pipes if a centralised compressor is used.

A work surface 19 (figure IA) can be obtained by joining the service unit 14 to the service unit 15 by a bridge below which the trolley of the doctor 11 (figure IA) is housed.

The possibility of having a compressor and an aspirating unit is very interesting, both of which are single-surgery. This greatly simplifies installation and maintenance, with significant money savings. The compressor can be inserted inside the service unit 15 whilst the aspirating unit can be inserted inside the service unit 120 (figure IA) . The arrangement of the service unit as disclosed until now is not binding inasmuch as in order to obtain a medical surgery with impeccable conditions of sterility, in order to reduce cross infections drastically, the indispensable apparatuses are: 1) a service unit (14, figure IA);

2) a trolley (11, figure IA) that carries the rotating instruments and the water/air syringe;

3) a water/aspirating trolley (12, figure IA) ;

4) an apparatus (160, figure IA) that dispenses ozone, that is positionable also outside the room.

In the schematic drawing shown in figure 2A, with 152 there is shown the compressor that dispenses the air at 6 atmospheres, lowered to 3 atmospheres before entering the dryer 141. From the dryer 141, the air passes into the absolute filter 140 from which it exits with a pipe 45.

This pipe 45 will divide into two before entering the panel 145. A part 150 will go to the solenoid valves of the air 151, conserving a pressure of 3 atmospheres. The other part will enter the panel 145 and will pass from the manually controlled flow switch 136 (see also figure IF) . This flow switch determines normal operation of the rotating instruments in the horizontal position whilst, in the vertical position, it enables the autoclave 137 to be changed. From the flow switch 136 the pipe goes to the adjuster 133, which takes pressure to 1 atmosphere for the autoclave 137 but the pipe, before entering the autoclave 137, divides to go to the regulator 138, which will take the pressure to 0.5 atmospheres for the container 142 of ozonised water assigned to sterilising the internal piping of the trolley of the rotating instruments.

In figure 2A the diagram shows the operation of the apparatuses located in the service unit 14 (see also figure 1C) .

It has been seen how the sterile water and the air filtered by the HEPA filters reach the solenoid valves 149 and 151 (figure 2A) . From these solenoid valves the corresponding pipes carrying water and air reach the quick-release fittings 310 (figure 4A) at the front of the unit of the doctor. They are: three for the turbine, two for the micromotor and two for the water/air syringe. Each of these pipes, marked with a specific colour, enables the various rotating instruments to be inserted. In figure 2B the diagram of the sterilising of the internal piping of the trolley of the rotating instruments 11 (figure IA) is shown. By moving the manual flow switch 135 from the horizontal position to the vertical position and inserting into the container 142 the pipes 139 and 153 into the corresponding quick- release fittings, ozonised sterilising water instead of sterile water coming from the autoclave 137 will reach all the pipes of the trolley 11. Naturally, all the solenoid valves of the water (81, 82 and 83, figure 8) will have to be opened by pressing the pushbutton 63 of figure 6A. The ozonised water will be collected in the container 134 positioned on the right door of the service unit 14. In figure 2B the schematised operation appears to be very simple and fast. The ozonised water is left to act for about 5 minutes.

By rotating the lever of the manually controlled flow switch 135 upwards the circuit of the water is reactivated that leaves the autoclave 137 (figure 2B) and by letting the sterile water coming from the autoclave flow freely for a few minutes, the piping is washed and work on the patient can be commenced.

The trolley 11 (figure IA) that carries the rotating instruments and the water/air syringe is placed on the doctor side below a surface and can be positioned near the dentist. Figure 3 shows a schematic profile view (31) thereof whereas figure 4 shows a frontal view (30) thereof.

The column or trolley 11 terminates with a control console. In figure 6B the switch panel with the general controls is shown. On the front of the column 11 (figure 4) there are instrument-holding forks 33 for positioning the turbines, the micromotor and the syringe 34 (figures 4A and 4B) viewed from above, the front and the side.

These forks 33 are removable and sterilisable for each patient (figure 4B) . Below the forks 33 there are

10 quick-release fittings (figure 4C), inserted into three suitable supports and a fourth support for the electric connection of the micromotor, into which the pipes 37 are inserted for the operation of the rotating instruments and the syringe 34.

The pipes made of plastic 37 are inserted on one side into the quick-release fittings 310 disclosed above (figure 4A) whilst on the other side they are also inserted into quick-release fittings that are inserted into the connections (figures 10 and 11) that enable serially produced air turbines and micromotors to be used. This can be done until rotating instruments are made industrially that are already ready with the quick- release fittings. This has already been done in the creation of the new syringe (figures 14B and 14C) that is part of the present patent.

From the rear side the umbilical cord 35 (figures 3 and 5A) exits that brings the water/air supply pipes and the electric cables to the column 11 of the doctor.

Inside the column 11 there is the electronic panel of the micromotor 314 and the electronic cards of all the controls 312 and the solenoid valves 313 (figure 5A) .

On the console of the column 11 of the doctor, illustrated in figure 6B, there is the switch panel, which is covered by a sterile adhesive sheet, which is changed for each patient so that no contamination occurs with the gloves of the operator, which could be very hazardous for the next patient.

In detail, figure 6A is a view of a rear portion of the console of the column of the doctor, with the outlet hole of the umbilical cord 35. The pushbutton 63 opens the three solenoid valves of the water for the programme of sterilising the internal piping of the trolley 11 (figure IA) .

Figure 7 schematically shows the controls in the switch panel. Starting from the left, there is the turbine consent (T) , with the controls for the water (AQ) and the air (AR) of the spray. Continuing to the right, there is the consent for the micromotor (MM) with the controls for the water (AQ) and the air (AR), still for the spray. Going still further to the right, there is the consent for the water (AQ) and the air (AR) of the syringe, or, by pressing the two pushbuttons together, the consent for the spray.

The pushbutton (DEV) eliminates the security lock that enables only one instrument to operate. This means, for example, that the syringe is activated automatically by acting on the lever of the pedal control together with the turbine or the micromotor to increase cooling during particular preparations, such as, for example, in implantology . Simultaneously, an acoustic signal is activated for warning that the security lock activating only one instrument has been deactivated. Still further to the right, the scialytic lamp (on/off lamp) switches on and off at a variable intensity (+/-) .

At the extreme bottom right there is the possibility of activating the aspiration of the two cannulas and of the spittoon simultaneously. At the bottom left there are the pushbuttons for three preselected positions of the dental chair (figure 20) , in which P2 indicates a standard positioning of the patient and a comfortable work position for the dentist, a position that can be modified by 8 pushbuttons that are disclosed below.

Pl indicates the completely horizontal position (thus operating table or medical examination table) (figure 19) . The mark PO is a zeroing position with the back of the chair completely raised and the horizontal seat completely lowered, where the patient sits easily or can rinse out during work to then be returned to the work position (P2) .

At the bottom in the centre there are 8 pushbuttons that activate the 4 movements of the dental chair/couch. The first to the left (SCHIEN) raises and lowers the back of the chair, taking the back of the chair from horizontal to almost 90° upwards. The second raises or lowers the seat. The third increases or decreases the Trendelenburg position. The fourth raises or lowers the foot zone, taking the foot zone from horizontal to almost 90° downwards. The top pushbuttons raise, the bottom pushbuttons lower (see figures 18, 19 and 20) .

The schematic drawing of figure 8 illustrates the solenoid valves that dispense the water and the air for operation of the rotors and of the sprays of the column of the doctor (figure 3) .

The 3 solenoid valves shown to the right of the drawing (figure 8) control the water of the spray of the turbine (81) , the water of the spray of the micromotor (82) and the water of the syringe (83) .

The 5 solenoid valves to the left of the figure control the air for the rotor of the turbine (84), the air of the spray of the turbine (85) , the air for the rotor of the air micromotor (86) , the air of the spray of the air micromotor (87) and, lastly, the air of the syringe (88) .

In order to be sure of inserting the air or water exiting the quick-release fittings of the panel (figure 4C) with the quick-release fittings of the rotating instruments or of the syringe, each quick- release fitting is marked with a coloured ring (red, green or blue, black) that locates the corresponding part both in the quick-release fitting of the rotating instruments and of the syringe, and in those on the trolley.

In figure 8 it is seen how the pipes that exit the solenoid valves converge on the quick-release fittings 310 (figure 4A) , as illustrated in the details in figure 9.

The fitting 1 of figure 9 carries the water of the spray of the air micromotor (green ring) , the fitting 2 carries the air of the spray (red ring) , the fitting 3 carries the air for the rotor still of the air micromotor (black ring), whilst the fitting 4, which is not marked, carries away the air that exits the rotor. The functions of the fittings 5, 6, 7, 8 have exactly the same mirror functions for the turbine. The fitting 9 carries the air for the syringe (marked red) and the fitting 10 carries the water for the syringe (marked green) .

In the side-view drawing of figure 10, 101 the round plate is highlighted on which the quick-release fittings 102 are screwed. On the head of the quick- release fittings there is a ring 104 that is maintained squeezed to enable the pipe made of plastics inserted into the chamber 105 to be released so as to remove the pipe made of plastics easily. To insert the pipe made of plastics, it is sufficient to push the pipe made of plastics into the chamber 105.

With reference to figures HA and HB, they show a connection that enables the disposable and/or sterilisable water and air pipes to be connected to commercial turbines. In particular, there is a screw sleeve 111 that connects this connection to the screw of the serially produced turbine and, on the basis of the connection, there are four quick-release fittings

112 that, viewed from below, are arranged according to a square. A first fitting 113 is provided for the air of the turbine, a second 114 for the escape of the air, a third 115 for the water of the spray and a fourth 116 for the air of the spray.

A very important feature of the invention is the regulation of the water and of the air for every single instrument, syringe included. In figure IB, with 144 the panel is shown that is located in the left door of the service unit 14.

The regulation is sophisticated, as shown in figure 12, with the possibility of reading the pressure values on the corresponding gauge. This enables a perfect spray to be obtained for each function (121 regulates the air pressure of the turbine, 122 and 123 regulate respectively the water and air of the spray of the turbine, 124 and 125 regulate respectively the air and water of the spray of the electric and air micromotor, 126 and 127 regulate respectively the air and water of the syringe) .

The spray generator to be inserted outside the rotating instrument that operates on the electric micromotor is illustrated in figures 13A, 13B and 13C. It consists of a body 131 to the base of which two quick-release fittings 102, are screwed, respectively one for the water and the other for the air.

A coaxial pipe 133 exits the upper portion, which coaxial pipe 133 generates the spray oriented on the milling unit fitted on the rotating instrument, which is in turn inserted on the electric micromotor. The coaxial pipe 133 is fixed to the body of the rotating instrument (counter-angle head or straight handpiece) by a ring made of plastics. The spray generator is easily detached such that the rotating instrument can also be detached from the micromotor and be sterilised. In all cases, both the electric micromotor and the umbilical cord can be sterilised with ozone. The water/air syringe is now examined.

Another important feature of the invention consists of the fact that once the disposable water/air pipes made of plastics are detached from the quick-release fittings 102, the syringe of figures 14A, 14B and 14C can be completely sterilised. It is a very important feature in the dentistry field to be able to sterilise everything that comes into contact with the hands of the operator (in the case in point, the syringe is entirely sterilisable and the pipes are disposable and/or sterilisable) .

The coaxial pipe 143, which generates the spray, is flush with the terminal so that it is protected if the syringe falls to the ground. Further, there is a notch

142 in the body of the syringe to enable the syringe to be positioned in an erect position on the fork.

Once consent is given on the switch panel of the column of the doctor (this is necessary so that the instrument -holding fork 33 is free of pushbuttons) , in order to make the syringe work the lever 155 is moved as for the rotating instruments.

In order to have only air or only water or both with the spray, the switch panel of the column of the doctor is used.

The pedal control (figures 15A and 15B) can be moved with the foot by raising the pedal control with the bar 156. The rheostat is shown by number 155.

Above this pedal control two smaller pedal controls can be located, one for the electric surgical knife and one for the scraper. These two apparatuses can be inserted into a service unit located next to the trolley 11. This service unit can also carry the laser.

In this manner the dentist has most of the apparatuses that he may need ready to hand.

The water/aspirating trolley 12 located on the assistant side is also movable like the trolley 11 of the doctor. Figures 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D and 16E show the water/aspirating trolley 12 located on the assistant side schematically. The water/aspirating trolley 12 located on the assistant side is different from the trolley 11 of the doctor, with the variations linked to the different function.

In the upper part there is the console where the tray 169 (figure 16A) is housed on which the glass 1612 (figure 16D) rests. This is removable and may be disposable or sterilisable, thus changed after each patient. The sterile water, which comes from the autoclave 137 (figure IE) , reaches the glass from a fountain 1610 that starts from the rear of the column. The timed control for filling the glass is located on the switch panel of the column of the doctor (figure 7) , in the top right-hand corner with the indication "BICC" , and also on a second identical switch panel fitted to the column of the assistant 1611 (figure 16) . It can be enabled for all the functions exactly like the switch panel on the column of the doctor. The functions for the assistant can be limited to the aspiration pushbutton and to filling the glass. It may be useful to add preselection of the positions of the dental chair (figure 7) .

Below the tray (figure 16D) there is the filter 1613 on which the 3 aspirating cannulas converge that are inserted at the sides of the box inside which there is the filter. From the base of this box the pipe 1614 leads away that goes to the aspirator. The single-surgery or centralised aspirator discharges the liquids into a container that has already been illustrated with reference to figure IH.

Still from the back of the column the umbilical cord 1615 leads away within which the aspirating pipe is housed that comes from the centralised or single- surgery aspirator, the pipe of' the water and the electric power cables that control the 3 solenoid valves located inside the chamber 18 (figure IA) . The solenoid valves are controlled by the control panel located on the console of the column of the doctor (figure 7) on the right side of the switch panel. An identical panel, as has been seen, is located in the water/aspirating column of the assistant. The pipes 165 that lead away from the solenoid valves exit the back of the column through the holes 1619 and terminate with a fitting 1620. Into the fitting the disposable, possible resterilisable pipe 164 (figure 16C) is inserted, which is changed for each patient.

On the opposite side of the fitting 1620 there is a connection 1617 that receives the saliva ejector 168, the surgical cannula and the funnel (spittoon tray) . The tray is disposable or sterilisable . The aforementioned connection is inserted into the fork 163 that is identical to that shown in figure 4B. In this manner, everything is easily sterilisable for each patient and at a few centimetres from the saliva ejector in the mouth of the patient or from the surgical cannula working on a wound there are no pipes that remain for years and are encrusted with saliva, blood, tooth filings and metals, as occurs in most of the apparatuses that have been used until now.

The forks 163 that place the aspirating pipes 164 (figure 16c) by means of the connections 1617 are fixed on the right side of the column. Into the connections 1617 there are inserted the saliva ejector (SA) , the funnel/spittoon tray (IM) and the surgical cannula (CH) .

The internal part of the column of the assistant is sterilised by drawing the 3 aspirating pipes in a container filled with ozonised water. By activating the aspiration of the 3 pipes, the disinfectant will pass through the internal pipes, the solenoid valves, and the filter and will be discharged into the drains.

As disclosed above, the rear part of the column is closed and the filter and the solenoid valves are accessed only by lifting the top 161. Immediately under the top 161, to the rear, there are the supports for the switch panel 1611 and the support for the tap 1610.

Immediately further below there are 3 holes 1619 from which the 3 aspirating pipes 165 exit that carry the connection 1620 into which the disposable or sterilisable pipes are inserted 164.

The column 12 of the assistant acts also as a servo unit. In fact, there are 4 drawers (1621, 1622, 1623, 1624) that are suitable for containing materials that are indispensable for complying with the rules of the behaviour protocol .

The drawer 1621 contains a box containing in turn overgloves . These boxes and the contents thereof have been sterilised by gamma rays. The overgloves are worn overgloves when the dentist or the assistant of the dentist are obliged to open cabinets to take instruments or medicines with gloves that are soiled with blood and saliva. After the task with the overgloves has been performed, the overgloves are removed and disposed of and the doctor can continue to work on the mouth without contaminating that which surrounds him, the doctor. The other boxes contain sterile paper towels and currently used instruments and medicines. All this will be clearer by studying the protocol .

The water/aspirating column 12 rests on a base with wheels . The third service trolley 13 located on the doctor side is actually a servo unit in the form of a column with a shape that is identical to that of the column 12 of the assistant (figures 17A, 17B and 17C) . This column 13 has six drawers that contain the same things that have been disclosed in the drawers of the assistant. The top is used as a resting surface.

The dental chair/couch 125 of the surgery has interesting ergonomic features, the first of all of which is that of not having corners, zones retaining dust, concertina pipes (as are provided, on the other hand, in the prior art) or other parts that are not easily reachable for cleaning and disinfection. The dental chair/medical -surgical couch has been completely redesigned, to set as an objective the production costs for something that is currently missing on the market. The basic feature of this dental chair is that the dental chair can be transformed into an operating table and, consequently the surgery can be exploited for nearly all medical specialities.

An arm can be added to the sides to support a table of a theatre nurse or a support arm for the intravenous drip. The dental chair/couch disclosed in the present invention is extremely ergonomic, but with an infinity of possible positions (figure 20) and the possibility of extending vertically by approximately 30 cm (from 45 to 75 cm) . The rectangular metal base 1812 (figure 18B) rests on the floor (figure 20), has reduced dimensions and inserts 4 wheels (figures 18C and 18D) . This is possible with the addition of 2 bars 1813, which are fixed below the base 1812 by means of the screws 1811. These wheels have brakes that ensure stability for the dental chair.

This addition to the base of the dental chair enables .- 1. the floor and the base to be sanitised;

2. the operator to position himself in an optimal position, surrounded by everything that is ergonomically perfect. More specifically (see figures 18A and 19) , the dental chair comprises a frame divided into three parts

(seat 181, back of the chair 182 and footrest part

183) , to which are added a headrest 184 and a footrest

185, that both each run along a guide, 188 and 189, in order to be able to be extended and maintained in a desired position by means of a screw, with a large knob, indicated by 198 in figure 19. This is useful when particularly tall patients have to be made to lie down. Portions 191, 192, 193, 196, 197 are covered by a padding.

Between the seat 191, the back of the chair 192 and between the seat, the footrest portion 193 large hinges

194, 195 are provided that enable the footrest part to move by almost 90° downwards and enable the back of the chair to move upwards (figure 20) .

The seat 191 has another hinge 199 that enables (Trendelenburg) movement with the fulcrum in 199.

Two parallelpipedons 1910, which slide on one another in the ascent and descent movement and two motors, one on the right and one on the left under the seat 191, enables all the dental chair/couch to be moved until it is able to be transformed into an operating table.

The electric power supply is provided by a cable coming from the channel that descends from the corner of the room on the assistant side (127, figure IA) . Two motors located at the base determine the ascent and descent movement (reference 1910, figure 19) and, in turn, the aforesaid motors are controlled by the actuation of the pushbuttons of the switch panel on the console of the column of the doctor (figure 11) . The motors are covered by two parallelpipedons 1910 that each follow the lifting and the descent of the horizontal plane of the dental chair by sliding on one another.

To summarise, there are two motors for the ascent and descent movement of the entire base (seat, back of the chair and footrest part) . The motor of the foot column determines the Trendelenburg position (figure 20) by making a fulcrum on the hinge 199. At the central part of the seat there are two motors, one on the right part and another on the left part. One of these motors determines the ascent and the descent of the back of the chair (figure 20) and the other the ascent and the descent of the footrest part, which may reach almost 90° by removing the footrest 185 (figure 18A) and 207 (figure 20) .

The rounded conformation of all portions of the dental chair (figure 18A) determines an advantage in terms of general cleanliness of the furnishing and complete sterilisation of the environment of the dental surgery, also by virtue of the possibility of movement by means of the wheels.

Easy removal of the cushions (figure 19) for cleaning and disinfection also enables the upper part of the couch to be transformed easily for surgical interventions, but also a transformation of aesthetic type of the dental chair according to the desires of the individual operator. In the switch panel that will be seen below there are three preselected positions.

Position "0" (zeroing), completely high back of the chair, seat horizontally completely low, enables the patient to be approached easily who has to sit on or descend from the dental chair, or rinse his mouth.

The preselected position "1" is a standard position in odonto-stomology that can be modified with the movement of the back of the chair to take the position "1" to a position of optimal comfort for the patient and which is ergonomically more suitable for the operator.

The preselected position "2" positions everything horizontally at maximum height to have a medical couch/surgical operating table (see figures 20 and 19) . One matter that has not been discussed is the safety of the dental chair/couch. Large movements had to be protected to ensure completely the safety of the hands of the patient, but also the legs of the operator and of the assistants.

The metal skirts 1911 that cover the motors positioned on the sides of the seat have another metal part inside that protrudes by about 1 centimetre and runs upwards in the event of even a minimal contact . This reascent determines an electric contact that arrests all movement. The same safety is ensured on the sides of the back of the chair and on the footrest part (1912, 1913) .

The zones corresponding to the hinges 194 and 195 have safety spaces for the hands .

The description of the dental chair is terminated by illustrating a particular headrest (1815, figure

18E) that enables the patient to rest the neck so as to be in a position of perfect relaxation. This headrest can replace the headboard 185 of figure 18A.

It is also possible to add two loudspeakers 1816 that protrude from the sides of the headrest. They are not in contact with the ears, whilst allowing only the patient to listen to music perfectly, with almost zero diffusion into the environment. There are no cables that reach the loudspeakers inasmuch as there is an infrared emitter positioned on the ceiling.

It is possible, on the sides of the headrest (1817, figure 18F) , to insert two ear plugs for listening to music . The present invention, in the various components thereof, represents a single unit that complies with the concept of sterility in the dental surgery, a concept that is repeated by an infinite number of scientific works throughout the world and which no person has until now solved comprehensively.

The entire operating unit, with the various components linked together synergically, thus combines everything that the dentist needs and the operating unit that is thus conceived is also eminently suitable for the work of doctors of other specialities.

Particular attention has been paid to installation and maintenance time and costs, because nothing passes inside the floors and nothing is walled inside the walls.

The entire assembly is part of the present invention, as they are components that overall replace together the previous use of dental units, by placing the dental units in conditions of impeccable sterility in order to reduce drastically the hazard of cross infections during dental treatment.

A medical surgery that is thus conceived is in all cases capable of numerous modifications and variants, all of which fall within the scope of the invention. Further, all the details are replaceable by technically equivalent elements. In practice, all the materials used, and the dimensions, can be of any type, depending on technical requirements.