[0001 ] A medical ventilator with the ability to air purifier

Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates generally to medical equipment. More specifically, the invention is related to medical ventilator . More specifically, the invention is related to artificial respiration . More specifically, the invention is related to AMBU- bags .More specifically, the invention is related to dual-user AMBU-bag . more specifically, a system for automatically squeezing and/or releasing of an AMBU- bag . More specifically, the invention is related to Respiratory Epidemics .

Background Art

[0003] Ambu bag is a brand name used for the first BVM developed by a German engineer Dr. Holger Hesse in 1953. Its original name was Bag-Valve-Mask, which is available with volumes of 500, 600, 1500, 2000 cc. The BVM must be clear and must be connected to the oxygen interface, and the storage bag must be connected to it, because it is through this storage bag that we can create Fio2 of 90%. AMBU- bags are in wide spread use in medical and emergency treatment of patients. They are designed for manually squeezing, such as by a doctor, nurse, orderly, EMT or other medical service provider. Their usage includes, for example, respiration a patient (civilian or soldier) in the field and/or during transport to a hospital. Their usage also includes keeping a patient respirated during movement from one location to another. For example, an AMBU-bag may be used for a patient being transported on a gurney from their hospital room (where they are ordinarily hooked up to a respirator) to a surgical operating room, where they will be hooked up on a second respirator in the operating room. The AMBU-bag is typically manually operated during such movement of a patient. Otherwise, patients needing respiration are typically hooked up to a respirator. This device may be used to supplement limited inventories of respirators, such as in the case of an epidemic or other high demand. [0004] A medical ventilator design through BVM: Many similar ideas have been presented so far to develop a medical ventilator through the BVM air evacuation mechanism. These mechanisms have been presented with several structures. They include the lead screw mechanism combined with the see-saw mechanism, the rack-and-pinion mechanism and the belt - pulley mechanism. A brushed motor, a servo motor and a stepper motor are used in all medical ventilator designs. The use of these motors leads to disadvantages and also complicates the air evacuation mechanism in the medical ventilator. With the help of a motor driver, the microcontroller causes the motor (stepper motor and brushed motor) to move clockwise and counterclockwise. The motor leads reciprocating movement in the (rack-and-pinion, belt-pulley and the lead screw mechanisms along with the seesaw mechanism.

Summary of Invention

[0005] This invention is a medical ventilator with the ability to air purifier, the device medical ventilator are in wide spread use in medical and emergency treatment of patients , but they encounter some problems due to the low efficiency of stepper motor and brushed motor, inverse ratio of torque to speed in stepper motors, heating of stepper motors, lack of ease of use, high price, failure to sterilize the breathing air of patients, inability to prevent virus mutation, high electrical energy consumption, low life span, high volume, high weight, sparking of the brushed motor (high risk of fire), having a single-user system, limitation in the stepper motor speed, and the complexity of the air evacuation mechanisms. This invention uses a brushless motor and UVC light. Using the linear lead screw mechanism, the brushless motor causes the reciprocating movement of the arm connected to the linear lead screw mechanism. Each time the arm presses on two Ambu bags, it compresses them and the air coming out of the Ambu bags provides the breathing needs of two patients. The microcontroller and electronic part of the device smartly regulates the number of breaths per min and the pressure amount and volume of the air coming out of the Ambu bags. The UVC light of the device cleans the air inside the Ambu bags from bacteria and viruses to prevent the aggravation of internal infection in patients with lung damage.

Technical Problem

[0006] The stepper motor speed (300 rpm) is low. Designers have used a variety of mechanisms to solve the problem of low speed of the stepper motor, which requires the complexity of the mechanism, an increase in volume and weight, and higher price of the device.

[0007] The brushed motor sparks while working and it increases the risk of fire and reduces the safety of patients in places where there is high purity oxygen.

[0008] The complexity of the mechanisms leads to complexity in the construction and increase in the volume, weight and price of the medical ventilator. The low efficiency of the stepper motor leads to an increase in its power consumption. Moreover, the inverse ratio of the torque with the speed, heating and weight of the stepper motor creates limitations in the device. The low efficiency of the brushed motor leads to an increase in the power consumption of the medical ventilator. Furthermore, the medical ventilator is not safe due to sparking of the brushed motor and the high risk of fire.

[0009] medical ventilators do not remove viruses and bacteria from the air inside the Ambu bag. There are no medical ventilators that can sterilize themselves. Since medical ventilators cannot be disinfected, they cause virus mutation.

[0010] medical ventilators do not clean the breathing air of patients from viruses and bacteria. This creates problems for patients who have lung damage, especially those suffering from COVID-19, because the coronavirus causes the greatest damage to their lungs. The immune system of the body attacks the lungs to fight the virus, and this leads to serious damage to the healthy tissues of the lungs, and the part of the lungs that prevents the entry of bacteria and viruses into the human body is destroyed by the immune system. Without this protective layer, bacteria and viruses easily enter the patients’ body, which aggravates their internal infection and endangers their lives.

[0011 ] the medical ventilator is the single-user.

[0012] The objectives of this invention include: increasing safety, accuracy, ease of use, reducing power consumption, portability, lightness, low cost, resistance, long life, dual use, smartness, higher efficiency of the motor, minimum friction, minimum heat, lower noise, increasing power, being waterproof, eliminating motor sparks, simple construction, reducing volume, increasing the speed of the motor, simple mechanism, ability to adjust the number of artificial breaths per min, cleaning the breathing air of patients from bacteria and viruses, treatment and preventing the aggravation of internal infection in patients with lung damage, and sterilizing the device to prevent virus mutation.

Solution to Problem

[0013] This device uses a brushless motor and UVC light. Using the linear lead screw mechanism, the brushless motor causes the reciprocating movement of the arm connected to the linear lead screw mechanism. Each time the arm presses on two Ambu bags, it compresses them and the air coming out of the Ambu bags provides the breathing needs of two patients. The microcontroller and electronic part of the device smartly regulates the number of breaths per min and the pressure amount and volume of the air coming out of the Ambu bags. The UVC light of the device cleans the air inside the Ambu bags from bacteria and viruses to prevent the aggravation of internal infection in patients with lung damage.

[0014] The problem of the low speed of the stepper motor in the previous medical ventilator is removed by using a brushless motor, and there is no need for complicated mechanisms. Eliminating complex mechanisms simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces the volume and weight of the medical ventilator.

[0015] Compared to other types of motors, the brushless motor has greater efficiency, higher speed, lower weight, less friction, less heat and no spark. These features lead to a reduction in power consumption, fire prevention, patient safety, greater lifespan, less weight, less noise, more strength and waterproofing.

[0016] The brushless motor provides high speed for the lead screw mechanism in the medical ventilator. With this type of motor, there is no need for complicated and expensive mechanisms to improve the speed of the medical ventilator, and the lead screw mechanism can be used alone.

[0017] The high efficiency of the brushless motor leads to a reduction in the power consumption of the medical ventilator.

[0018] The UVC-light emitting LED or lamp shines into the air inside the Ambu bags and destroys the bacteria and viruses of the air inside the Ambu bags.

[0019] The air inside the Ambu bag is exposed to the UVC-light emitting LED for a longer time and leads to a higher efficiency in sterilizing the patient’s breathing air.

[0020] The UVC-light emitting LED or lamp prevents the transmission of viruses and bacteria from one patient to another by disinfecting the Ambu bags. [0021 ] Body (1 ), aluminum skeleton of the body (2), electronic board for the screen and volume of settings for breaths per min and inhaled air pressure output (3), screen (4), encoder volume (5), 9V power supply (6), 5V power supply (7), 6V battery pack (8), microcontroller board (9), pressure sensor (10), connecting hose (1 1 ), Ambu bag (12), converter of Ambu bag output to two outputs (13), brushless motor (14) ), lead screw bolt (15), flexible coupling (16), lead screw nut (17), movable arm (18), connecting piece (19), shaft (20), shaft collar (21 ), shaft plastic cover ( 22), bearing (23), Ambu bag holder (24), UVC-light emitting LED or lamp (25), cooling fan (26), linear bearing (27), body (28), shaft (29), shaft collar (30), microcontroller, optocoupler (opto-isolator), MOSFET, aluminum MOSFET heatsink

[0022] This invention utilizes the linear lead screw mechanism. Changing the rotation direction of the lead screw bolt (15) causes the reciprocating movement of the lead screw nut (17) in the lead screw bolt (15).

[0023] The shaft (20) is vertically connected to the body (1 ) by the shaft collar (21 ) on one side, and on the other side to the body (28) and (1 ) by two shaft collars (21 ) that are apart from each other.

[0024] The linear bearing (27) moves along the shaft (20) with low friction.

[0025] The lead screw bolt (15) is connected to the body (1 ) by the bearing (23) on one side and connected to the body (28) on the other side by the bearing (23) and extension of the lead screw bolt (15) is connected to the brushless motor (14) by flexible coupling (16) and the brushless motor (14) is connected to the body (1 ).

[0026] The brushless motor (14) leads to the rotation of the lead screw bolt (15) and the rotation direction of the brushless motor (14) is controlled by the electronic board of the device (9).

[0027] The movable arm (18) is connected to the lead screw bolt (17) and the linear bearing (27) by the connecting piece (19). The rotation of the lead screw bolt (15) causes the movable arm (18) to have a reciprocating movement along the shaft (20).

[0028] Connecting piece (19), shaft (29), six shaft collars (30) and two shaft plastic covers (22) which interact to form the movable arm (18). The shaft (29) is placed horizontally in the center of the connecting piece (19) and keeps the shaft fixed (29) by two shaft collars (30) on the sides of the shaft (29). Two plastic shaft covers

(22) are installed by four shaft collars (30) on the sides of the shaft (29).

[0029] Two Ambu bags (28) are embedded between the movable arm (18) and the body (28), and the reciprocating movement of the movable arm (18) applies pressure on the Ambu bags (12) and compresses them and the air coming out of the Ambu bags (12) provides the patient with air to breathe in. Artificial respiration works in this way.

[0030] The connecting hose (1 1 ) connects to the pressure measurement sensor input (10) the part that converts the Ambu bag output into two outputs (13).

[0031 ] The Ambu bag holder (24) is responsible for keeping the Ambu bag fixed (12).

[0032] The body of the device (1 ) is responsible for protecting the device and preventing the emission of UVC light to its surroundings.

[0033] The aluminum skeleton of the device body (2) is responsible for increasing the strength of the device body.

[0034] The convertor of the Ambu bag output to two outputs (13) is connected to one output of the connecting hose (1 1 ) and the other output is the breathing air for the patient.

[0035] The connecting hose (1 1 ) connects the amount of air coming out of the Ambu bag to the pressure sensor (10).

[0036] This invention is controlled by a microcontroller board (9). The microcontroller board (9) consists of two controller parts and a brushless motor driver. The microcontroller smartly controls the device by programming. The microcontroller board (9) is responsible for controlling the direction of rotation and speed and measuring the number of revolutions and the position of the brushless motor (14).

[0037] By sending a command to the optocoupler (opto-isolator), the microcontroller controls the operation of the MOSFET, thereby making it possible to control the brushless motor (14). By controlling the brushless motor (14), it is possible to control the number of breaths and the pressure of the air coming out of the Ambu bags (12).

[0038] The aluminum heatsink of the MOSFETs and a cooling fan (26) reduce the temperature of the MOSFETs. [0039] Two volume encoders (5) with a long lifespan are responsible for adjusting the breathing rate and air pressure of the device.

[0040] The pressure sensor (10) measures the air coming out of the Ambu bags (12) and transfers its value to the microcontroller through the I2C protocol. The microcontroller transfers the measured values to the screen (4) through the I2C protocol and is displayed on the screen (4).

[0041 ] Should there be an error in the air coming out of the Ambu bags (12), the device detects it and creates an alarm with a buzzer.

[0042] The microcontroller receives feedback from the operation of the brushless motor (14) and the linear mechanism of the medical ventilator by Hall effect sensors. The microcontroller uses feedback to detect the direction of rotation, the speed and number of revolutions of the brushless motor (14) and the position of the movable arm (18) and issues controller commands.

[0043] The zero state feedback of the reciprocating movement of the linear mechanism is determined by a Hall effect sensor.

[0044] The electronic board of the screen and the setting volume of the breathing rate per min and the inhaled air pressure output (3): The number of breaths per min and the output air pressure are adjusted by the user through two volume encoders (5) embedded in the device. According to the settings, the microcontroller changes the controller commands of the brushless motor (14) so that it can adjust the number of breaths per min, the amount of pressure and the volume of air coming out of the Ambu bags (12).

[0045] Screen (4) shows the setting of the number of breaths per min and the output air pressure.

[0046] The 3.7V battery pack is used to supply the electrical energy of the microcontroller board (9) and the electronic board of the screen, and the setting volume is used to show the breathing rate per min and the inhaled air pressure output (3) when the machine is out of power.

[0047] The UVC-light emitting LED or lamp (25) shines into the air inside the Ambu bags (12) and destroys the bacteria and viruses there (12). [0048] The U VC-light emitting LED or lamp (25) prevents the transmission of viruses and bacteria from one patient to another by disinfecting the Ambu bags (12).

[0049] For patients who have suffered lung damage, especially those with COVID-19 which causes the most damage to their lungs. The immune system of the body attacks the lungs to fight the virus, which leads to serious damage to the healthy tissues of the lungs and the part of the lungs that prevented the entry of bacteria and viruses into the human body is destroyed by the immune system and bacteria and viruses easily enter the body of the patients without this protective layer and this aggravates their internal infection and endangers their lives. In this medical ventilator, the UVC-light emitting LED or lamp shines into the destroyed viruses and bacteria to prevent the aggravation of the infection and to help their treatment.

[0050] The 9V power supply (6) is used to provide the electrical energy needed by the brushless motor (14) and by the UVC-light emitting LED or lamp (25).

[0051 ] The 5V power supply (7) is used to provide electrical energy to the microcontroller board (9) and the electronic board of the screen and setting volume of the breathing rate per min and the inhaled air pressure output of the device (3).

[0052] The 6V battery pack (8) is used to supply the electric power of the brushless motor (14) when the machine is out of power.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

[0053] Ease of use: The simple settings of the device make it possible to use it at home. One volume of the device adjusts the number of breaths per min and the other volume adjusts the air pressure of the Ambu bag outlet. The volume encoder has a longer lifespan than other volume keys.

[0054] Eliminating the viruses and bacteria of patients who have suffered lung damage, especially those with COVID-19 which causes the most damage to their lungs. The immune system of the body attacks the lungs to fight the virus, which leads to serious damage to the healthy tissues of the lungs and the part of the lungs that prevented the entry of bacteria and viruses into the human body is destroyed by the immune system and bacteria and viruses easily enter the body of the patients without this protective layer and this aggravates their internal infection and endangers their lives. In this medical ventilator, the UVC-light emitting LED or lamp shines into the destroyed viruses and bacteria to prevent the aggravation of the infection and to help their treatment.

[0055] The UVC-light emitting LED or lamp shines into the air inside the Ambu bags and destroys the bacteria and viruses of the air inside the Ambu bags.

[0056] The air inside the Ambu bag is exposed to the UVC-light emitting LED or lamp for longer time, which leads to a higher efficiency in sterilizing the patient’s breathing air.

[0057] The UVC-light emitting LED or lamp prevents the transmission of viruses and bacteria from one patient to another by disinfecting Ambu bags.

[0058] The problem of the low speed of the stepper motor in the medical ventilator is removed through the use of a brushless motor and there is no need for complicated mechanisms. Eliminating complex mechanisms leads to simple manufacturing and the reduced volume and weight of the medical ventilator.

[0059] Simplicity in the air evacuation mechanism from the Ambu bag in the medical ventilator.

[0060] Compared to other types of motors, the brushless motor has greater efficiency, higher speed, lower weight, less friction, less heat and no spark. These features lead to a reduction in power consumption, fire prevention, patient safety, greater lifespan, less weight, less noise, more strength and waterproofing.

[0061 ] The brushless motor provides high speed for the lead screw mechanism in the medical ventilator. With this type of motor, there is no need for complicated and expensive mechanisms to improve the speed of the medical ventilator, and the lead screw mechanism can be used alone.

[0062] The high efficiency of the brushless motor leads to a reduction in the power consumption of the medical ventilator.

[0063] Capability to be simultaneously used by two patients: The use of two Ambu bags in this device allows it to be used by two patients simultaneously.

[0064] Portability: This device can be installed next to the patient’s bed and is easily portable when the patient is transferred to other wards or the operating room.

[0065] Smartness: This feature leads to lack of need for regular control by the relevant authority, reduction of possible injuries to patients, greater safety, reduction of error rate, greater accuracy, feedback from the movement of the brushless motor, and feedback from the air pressure needed by patients.

[0066] Screen: This device displays the value of the device settings and the measured pressure on the screen.

[0067] Alarm: Should there be an error in the medical ventilator, it gives an alarm.

[0068] High speed: The use of a brushless motor for the linear movement mechanism increases the speed of the medical ventilator several times as much as other medical ventilators.

[0069] Low price: The type of design and the use of linear mechanism, smartness of the device, and the presence of an Ambu bag and UVC light have led to an increase in the capability and low price of the device.

[0070] Low electrical energy consumption of the device.

[0071 ] A long lifespan.

[0072] A low weight.

[0073] Eliminating the risk of fire. Brief Description of Drawings

[0074] This device uses a brushless motor and UVC light. Using the linear lead screw mechanism, the brushless motor causes the reciprocating movement of the arm connected to the linear lead screw mechanism. Each time the arm presses on two Ambu bags, it compresses them and the air coming out of the Ambu bags provides the breathing needs of two patients. The microcontroller and electronic part of the device smartly regulates the number of breaths per min and the pressure amount and volume of the air coming out of the Ambu bags. The UVC light of the device cleans the air inside the Ambu bags from bacteria and viruses.

[0075] Fig.1 This figure shows a perspective view of the body of the invention.

[0076] Fig.2 This figure shows a perspective view of the body of the invention.

[0077] Fig.3 This figure shows a side view of the body of the invention.

[0078] Fig.4 This figure shows a perspective view of the aluminum skeleton of the invention body.

[0079] Fig.5 This figure shows a perspective view of the whole invention.

[0080] Fig.6 This figure shows a perspective view of the whole invention.

[0081 ] Fig.7 This figure shows a perspective view of the whole invention.

[0082] Fig.8 This figure shows a perspective view of the linear movement mechanism of the invention arm.

[0083] Fig.9 This figure shows a front view of the linear movement mechanism of the invention arm.

[0084] Fig.10 This figure shows a perspective view of the linear movement mechanism of the invention arm.

[0085] Fig.1 1 This figure shows a perspective view of the brushless motor and the connections of the invention.

[0086] Fig.12 This figure shows a perspective view of the linear movement mechanism of the lead screw of the invention.

[0087] Fig.13 This figure shows the perspective view of the linear motor function of the invention arm. [0088] Fig.14 This figure shows the block diagram of the electronic part of the invention.

[0089] Fig.15 This figure shows the electronic circuit of the whole invention.

[0090] Fig.16 This figure shows the printed circuit of the microcontroller board of the invention.

[0091 ] Fig.17 This figure shows the printed circuit of the brushless motor driver of the invention.

[0092] Fig .18 This figure shows the printed circuit of the electronic board of the screen.

Description of Embodiments

[0093]

Industrial Applicability

[0094] This invention has application in medical equipment.

[0095] The device medical ventilator is used in medical centers and at homes.

[0096] The device medical ventilator are in wide spread use in medical and emergency treatment of patients.

[0097] The device medical ventilator is connected to patients incapable of voluntary breathing and performs the function of breathing, thus saving their lives.

Reference Signs List

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Reference to Deposited Biological Material

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Citation List

Patent Literature

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Non Patent Literature

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