Background Over the past several decades, palladium (Pd) catalyzed carbon-carbon bond fomation reactions have been extensively studied and widely applied in organic synthesis [Tsuji, J. Transition Metal Reagents and Catalysis, John Wiley: Chichester, 2000]. The ultimaately formed chemical bonds are produced by a sequence of intermediates. These include the formation of an aryl or alkenylpalladium halide complex generated by oxidative addition of the aryl or alk, twn Pd. These complexes can, in turn, undergo transmetallation with many reagents. This reaction sequence is followed by reductive elimination to form a carbon-carbon bound and to regenerate a Pd(0) species. This system provide a methods for developing many crosscoupling reactions. The following authors are known to employ the element in the parentheticals for coupling reactions: Suzuki (boron, B), Stille (tin, Sn), Negeshi (zinc and aluminum, Zn and Al), Kumada (magnesium, Mg) [Miyaura, N.; Suzuki. A. Chem. Rev. 1995, <BR> <BR> <BR> 9 SV 2457; Knight, D. W. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Trost, B. M.,

Fleming, I., Ed.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1991, Vol 3, Chapter 2.3; Suzuki, A.

Pure Appl. Che. 1985, 57, 1749; Tamao, K.; KUmada, M. in The Chemistry of the Metal-Carbon Bond (Ed., F. R. Hartley), Vol. 4, Wiley, New York, 1987, Chapter 9 p 819 euh Suzuki, A. Pure Appl. Che. 1985, 57, 1749; Stille, J. K.

A he Int. Ed. Engl. 1986, 25, 508; negishi, E. Acc.Chem. Res. 1982, 15, 340. (i)Kumada, M. Pure Apl. Che. 1980, 52, 669].

In contrast, palladium-catalyzed homocoupling reactions have not been studied extensively, although some homocoupling reactions of aryl and alkenyl halides facilitated by a Pd species are known. [See, e.g., hennings, D. D. ; lwama, T.; Rawal, V. H. Org. Lett. 1991, 1, 1205; hasan, J.; Penalva, V.; Lavenot, L.; Gozzi, C.; Lemaire, M. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 13793; Jutand, A.; Mosleh, A. J.

Org. Che. 1997, 62, 261; Smith, K. A.; Campi, E. M.; jackson, W. R.; Marcucio, S.; Naeslund, C. G. M.; Deacon, G. B. Snlett, 1997, 131; Jutand, A.; Mosieh, A. Synlett, 1993 568; Jutand, A.; Negri, S.; Mosleh, A. e oman, 1992, 1792; Miura, M.; Hashinoto, H.; Itoh, K.; Nomura, M Chem. Lett. 1990, 459]. Other known coupling reactions include Glazer coupling (Chem Ber 1869, 2, 422, Caiot P, Chodkiewwicz, W. Chemistry of Acetylenes, 1969, Marcel Dekker, New York, p 97), Ullman-type Coupling reactions Semmelhack, M. F.; Helwuist, P. M.; Jones, L. D. J Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 5908; Kende, A.; Liebeskind, . S. Braitsch, D. M. Tetrahdedron Lett.

3375; Prerce, V.; Bae, J. Y.; Zhao, M.; Hill, D. H. J. Org. Chem. 1994, 60, 176). For forming carbon-heteroatom bonds, Hartwig and Buchwald have made a couple of catalysts. hartwig, J. F. Angew Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1998, 37, 2047; Wolfte, J. P.; Wagaw, S.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996 118, 1133; Mann, G.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 5413).

The following table summarizes coupling reactions.

Metal-Mediated Coupling Reactions Gitkser Coupling Kumada Coupling 2 RQECM<--- RG5C--C=SCR A.-t-QX-- A aX N CuX Ah. Affl cux (Nfl .,. .. AfX +R2 ; nX-- ArR A tX + RZNX---*-ArR SonossM' CoupKnQ 8i ! M& CoMpMg Son44gaShira COUP (in ! g Stille Coup)) ng sono RO-=CH + R (SO-i: ECfr ArX i PSnR, 3 AyR AHORorHzNR--ARorAcMHR ArX+RSOH'"'AfR AoRorE r4R orArtYHR PwrX + M) 2 tPe X = I, Br, Cl, OT ; CuBr, CuCl, [Pd] = Pd(PPh3)4, PdCl2(PPh3)2, PdCl2(dppf).<BR> <BR> <P> Pd2(dba03 + bisphasphine, Pd(OAc) + bisphosphine<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> g# = NICl2(PPh3)2, NiCl2(dppp), NiCl2 + DIBAH, NiCl2(dppf) Base = NaHCO3, NaOR, Et3N, Et2NH, KF, Na2CO3, KOH Although the above mentioned metal-catalyzed and metal-facilitated ca,carbonand carbon-heteroatom bound formation reactions are useful for orc synthesis, they are also limited. For example, and Ullman coupling yeactioagenerally is carried out under harsh conditions and many hindered or aryl halides having one ormore eldctron donating groups resist coupling. Glaser coupling requires the presence of oxygen, which can destroy many sensitive products, particularly diynes. A number of alkynes with functional groupe do not undergo coupling in a Glaser coupling reaction. Moreover, the coupling reaction is generally not applicable to polymerizationor oligomerization reacvtions.

T'he synthesis of diynes is particularly problematic as diynes are not stable and prom to decomposition. Therefore, only alkyl halides, aryl halides (e.g., RI or RBr) that react under mild conditions will couple. In Sonogashira, Suzuki, Stille, Negishi, Kumada, Hartwig-Buchwald coupling reactions, oxidative addition of aryl halides can be a difficult step. This is particularly true if the aryl

halide has two groups substituted in adjacent positions. To minimize or avoid the oxidative addition of these difficult substrates would be of great interest in organic synthesis. For a Suzuki coupling reaction, a known side reaction product is dehalogenation reaction. In Sonogashira, Suzuki, Stille, Negishi, Kumada, Harwig-Buchwald coupling reactions, the oxidative addition of RX when R is a simple alkyl group with a ß-hydrogen is a slow process and metal compounds can easily form undersirable ß-hydrogen elimination products. This has been a major limitation of these coupling reactions.

Hence, there is a need for metal-catalyzed catalytic reactions which can improve coupling reactions, or, ideally, overcome many of the limitation of prior art processes. There is also a need in the chemical industry for making existing pharmaceutical products, agrochemical products, polymers products and as well as new products by a facile chemical bond forming reasction.

Summary of the Inventon Anan advantage of the present invention is a composition for chemical bond formation.

An aiitioh advantage of the present invention is a method of fou chemical bonds by transmetallation.

Additional advantages, and other features of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from se practice of the present disclosure. The advantages may be realized and obtained as particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

Accofdmg to the present invention, the foegoing and other advantages are achieved in part by a conlpositten comprising at least one α-halo carbonyl compound; and one or more transmetallation reagents.

Embodiments include, compositions having a base, e.g. a compound having an available pair of electrons. The forgoing bases include triethyl amine (Et3N), DABCO, Et2NH, NaORb, Na2CO3, KF, K3PO4, NaOAc, KOH, and R4NX,

where t is one or more of an H, alkyl groiups and X is an anion, such as a hat,alogen or ester. The compositionincludes at least onetransmetallation reagent.

This reagent can be prepare prior to forming the composition or in situ.

Transmetallation reagents are formed by the addition of a metal or metal catalyst to a target compound. The target compound is the compound undergoing chemical bond formation. For example, transmetallation reagents include metal complexes, such as RM, RB(OH)1, RBR'2, RSnR'3, RZnX, RHgX, RMgR, RSiR'3, RCu, ROM, RNHM, RAIR'2, wherein R and R' are independently an aryl or alkyl groiup and M is a metal. Other organometallic species are also contemplated. <BR> <BR> <BR> <P>Additionally, an α-halo carbonyl species which can easily undergo oxidative addition with redox active metals is included in this composition for coupling reactions.

Another aspect of the present invention is forming chemical bonds. Bond formation can advantageously be carried out in both intermolecular reactions (i.e. between two or more target compounds), or intramolecular (within the same target compound) reactions. Chemical bond formation methods can be used to make biologically active compounds or polymers, such as SP-carbon type of molecules. The method comprises combining at least one transmetallation <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> reagent comprising a target compound with at least one α-halo carbonyl compound; and forming a bond to or within the target compound of the transmetallation reagent.

In another aspect of the invention, a process for hydroboration and asymmetric hydroboration of boric compounds and coupling of bisboronic mets by either intramolecular or intermolecular coupling is contemplated. <BR> <BR> <BR> <P>The process comprises: combining at least one α-halo carbonyl compound with at yeast) one transmetallation reagent comprising a boric compound; and coupling the bone compound.

Additional advantages of the present invention will become readily apparent toi those skilled in this art from the following detailed description, wherein only the prefers embodiments of the present invention are shown and

described, simply by way of illustration but not limitation. As will be realized, the invention is capableof other and different embodiments, and its several details are capable of modification in various obvious respects, all without departing from the spirit of the presentinvention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature, and not as restrictive. <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <P>Detailed Description of the Invention<BR> The present invention relates to a composition and process of forming pre bonds, such as carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroato bonds. present invention has particular applicability to the formation of chemical bonds by transmetallation reacoron cemistry.

In an embodiment of practicing the present invention, at least one α-halo <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> carbonyl compound, e.g. an α-bromo carboinyl compound, is combined with at least one transmetallation reagent comprising a target compound; and forming a chemical bond to or within the target compound. Bond formation can advantageously be cited out in both intermolecular reactions (i.e. between twoi or me target compounds, such as in coupai reactions), or intramolecular (i.e. within the same target compound, such as an oxidation reaction) reactions.

In one aspect of the practicing the method a base is also combined with the <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> transmetallation reagent and α-halo carbonyl compound. Useful bases in transmetallation chemistry are known and include triethyl amine (Et3N), DABCO, Et2NH, NaORb, Na2CO3, KF, K3PO4, NaOAc, KOH, and RbNX, where Rb is one or more of an H, alkyl groups and X is an anion, such as a halogen or ester.

It is contemplated that the transmetallation reagent can be prepare prior to the intended bond forming reaction or in situ. The transmetallation reagents can be formed by the addition of a metal or metal catalyst to a target compound. The target compound is the compound undergoing chemical bond formation. The tfansmet&Uation reagent can include one or or more elements consisting of B, Sn, Al, Zn, Mg, Zr, Cu, Hg, and Si or organometalic species. For example, transmetallation reagents include metal complexes, such as RM, RB(OH)2, RBR'2,

RSnR'3, RZnX, RHgX, RMgR, RSiR'3, RCu, ROM, RNHM, RAlR'2, where R and R' are the target compounds and wherein R and R' are independently an aryl ar alkyl group and M is a metal. Other organometallic spetes are also contemplated. Additionally, an α-halo carbonyl species which can easily undergo oxidative addition with redox active metals is included in this composition for coupling reactions.

The transmetallation reagents can be formed by adding a target compound to a catalyst or catalyst complex. These are known in the art and include transition metal catalysts, such as Pd(0), Ni(0), Rh(I), Pt(0), Ir(0), Cu(I), Mo(0), Mo(II), and Ru(II) catalysts with or without ligands as known in the art.

The catalyst can be selected from the group consisting of PtCl2; H2PtCl4; Pd2(DBA)3; Pd(OAc)2; PdCl2(RCN)2; PdCl2(diphosphine); [Pd(allyl)Cl]2; Pd(PR3)4; [Rh(NBD)2]X; [Rh (NBD)Cl]2; [Rh(COD)Cl]2; [Rh(COD)2]X; Rh(acac)(CO)2; Rh(ethylene)2(acac); [Rh(ethylene)2Cl]2; RhCl(PPh3)3; Rh(CO)2Cl2; RuHX(L)2; RuX2(L)2; Ru(arene)X2(diphosphine); Ru(aryl group)X2; Ru(RCOO)2(diphosphine); Ru(methallyl)2(diphosphine); Ru(aryl group)X2(PPh3)3; Ru(COD)(COT); Ru(COD)(COT)X; RuX2(cymen); Ru(COD)n; Ru(aryl group)X2(diphosphine); RuCl2(COD); (Ru(COD)2)X; RuX2(diphosphine); RuCl(=CHR)(PR'3)2; Ru(ArH)Cl2; Ru(COD)(methallyl)2; C (NBD)2Cl)2 ; (Ir(NBD)2)X; (Ir(COD)2Cl)2; (Ir(COD)2)X; CuX (NCCH3)4; Cui(OTf); Cu(OTf)2; Cu(Ar)X; CuX; Ni(acac)2; NiX2; (Ni(allyl)X)2; Ni(COD)2; NiCl2(diphosphine); MoO2(acac)2; wherein each R and R' is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl or aryl; Ar is an aryl group; and X is a counteranion such as I, Br, Cl, OTf, BF4, SbF6, BAr4; and L represents a ligand.

Diphosphine include dppe, dppp, dppb, dppf, rac-Binap, chiral bisphosphines, DuPhos, BINAP, BPPM, DIPAMP, DIOP, MCCPM, BCPM, BICP, PennPhos, BPE, ChiraPhos, NorPhos, Degphos, BPPFA, IosiPhos, TRAP, TolBINAP, H8-BINAP, BINAPO, MOP, BINAPHOS, BIPHEMP, SEGPHOS, TUNAPHOS, KetalPhos, f-KetalPhos, HydroPhos, f-HydroPhos,

Binaphane, f-Binaphane, FAP; and the mono phosphineincludes: PPh3, P(o- tolyl)3, tri(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phosphine, PtBu3, PCy3, P(2-Furyl)3 and PPh2(o- ArC6H4).

In pmcticmg an embodiment of the invention a transmetallation reagent is combined with at least one α-halo carbonyl compound. Through a me-eno ! ate intermediate, the same or different transmetallation reagents can be transferred to a metal center and reductive elimination gives the desired product. These reactions can advantageously be carried out to form both intermolecular and/or intramolecular bonds. The method can be used to make biologically active compounds or polymers, such as SP-carbon type formation of molecules. An example of a metal mediated crosscoupling reaction is provided below.

Metal-Mediated Coupling Reactions Base 2 RCECH +XCH, 2COOEt-*,-RC---C-C-=CR + HX t CH3COOEt 2 RCH+XCHCOO-L R'C-CR+HX+CHgCOOEt fpdl RiZ--Et 2Y+XCHOOEt-- RR XY K== { Mi R'bEt RY XI ooee H2N tir R x Alkyl, Aryl, Alkenyl, Y = ZnX, B(OH)2 and other transmetallation reagents double transmetallation through metal-enolates is also contemplated as an aspect of the invention. In one aspect, the present invention relates to transition metal complexes with phosphine ligands as catalysts and an α- halo compound as a reagent for oxidative addition. The transmetallation reagents can be (R-M) where R is an alkyl or aryl group, M contains B, Al, Sn, Zn, Mg, Si, Li, Cu, Hg, Zr, with or without other elements. Sometimes, substrates for the ligand exchanging reaction are ROH, RnH2, RN(R')H, RSH, CN and

R2PflO2P(O)H. The transition metal complexes are useful as catalyst in homocoupling reaction, intramolecular cross-coupling reactions and other transformations.

Scheme 7 illustrates possible mechanism of a Pd-catalyzed crosscoupling and homocoupling reactions. In the palladium-catalyzed crosscoupling reaction, the reaction is initiated by oxidative addition of R1 -X to Pd, followed by transmetallation of R2-M, and reductive elimination of R1 and R2 gives the coupling product (R2-R2) (Scheme I, path A). If the reductive elimination of R1 and R2 is slow, Pd(R2)2 can be generated and Pd-R1 can be transmetallated again with another R2-M (double transmetallation). Reductive elimination of Pd(R2)2 leads to a homocoupling product (Scheme 1, path B). It is believed that there, is no report of the intermediate (1), derived from oxidative addition of R1X to a Pd (0) species, undergoing double transmetallation with R2-M to form an intermediate (III). Although not completely understood, the second transmetallation, i.e., replacing the R1 group with R2 in the intermediate II, may be an aspect in a palladium-catalyzed homocoupling reaction. In this example, the target compound R2 undergoes chemical bond formation with itself by a homocoupling reaction. F Rt d (O) I-X d < > R2Pd X t 2 > (15) t o fit s | R=M Tu c M-RiJ\ Fy M-X edOl)-R2 1 Ri

Scheme 1 Recently, considerable attention has been devoted to the palladium enolate chemistry [Wang, Z.; Zhang, Z. Lu, X. Organometallics 2000, 19, 775; Kawatsura, M. ; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1473; Åhman, J.; Wolfe, J. P.; Troutman, M. V.; Palucki, M.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc.

1998, 120, 1918; Sodeoka, M.; Shibasaki, M. Pure Appl. Chem. 1998, 70, 411 ] Several palladium enolate complexes have been well-characterized.

It is believed that the first transmetallation of an organoboron reagent to a palladium enolate was not reported or recognized previously. Through investigation and experimentation, it was demonstrated that an eNote asioA can serve as a leaving group similar to a bromide or iodide n a transmetallation process. Since oxidative addition of readily available α-bromocarbonyl compounds io a palladium (0) species cm also readily occur, double transmetallation can be carried out. This double transmetallation reaction is depicted below. Here, an ha-brome phenyl carbonyl compound give a Pd(II)Br(enolate) intermediate (I), double transmetallation with aryl boronic acids yeilds an intermediate(III), which leads to a homocoupling product through reductive elimination, QUE ptrome + ,,, 3 o T ' a (o, , 4COhle v H~ a) 4 pu2 (db3) frS 2 wX gra w X * X m 4P toff>2 C ' dioxine 6

Scheme 2 As an an example of this type of intramolecular bond formation, methyl α- bromophenyl acetate ester 1 (1.0 mmol) and 3,5-dimethyl phenyl boronic acid 2 (1.2 mmol) were used as reagents for Pd-catalyzed homocoupling reactions. With these reagent, the homocoupling product 4 was obtained in 70% yield exclusively under conditions with Pd2(dba03.CHCl3 (0.025 mmol), rac-BINAP (0.05 mmol) and Cs2CO3 (1.5 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL). When KF was used to replace Cs2CO3, an improved yield of the homocoupling product (97%) was <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> obtained. With an α-bromo ketone 5, 6 and a homocoupling product 4 were taíXwed (Scheme 2).

To explore the scope of this reaction, the examination of several aryl <BR> <BR> <BR> boronic substrates and other α-bromo carbonyl compounds were investigated

(TaMe 1). Using ethyl α-bromo acetate ester 7, both homocoupling and crosscoupling products were observed (Table 1, entries 1, 3-5, 7, 9 and 12). <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <P>Interstingly, substitution at the α-position of α-bromo carbonyl compounds 9e.g., 1) promotes the homocoupling reaction and iabibits the reaction (Table 1, entries 3 and 5). Purthermore, addition of water influences the selectivity between homocoupling and crosscoupling products in this system. For example, in the presence of water, the ratio of homocoupling and crosscoupling product switched from 30:70 to 70:30 in the coupling reaction of ortho-methyl phenyl boronic acid and ethyl α-bromode acetate ester (Table 1, entries 3 and 4).

When the reacden was camed out using an α-substituted bromocarbonyl compound in the presence of water, only homocoupling products were observed for many substrates, i.e., target compounds (Table 1, entries 2, 6, 8, and 10-17). It is noteworthy that this novel homocoupling coupling reaction appears to tolerate a variety of functional groups, e g., aldehyde, methoxy, nitro groups, etc. presence of an ortho-methoxyl group in aryl boronic acids also gave high yields of the homocoupling product (see, e.g, different selectivities in entries 3, 12 and 14).

Table 1. Palladium-catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Aryl Boronic Acidsa r Pdztdba) C13+ Y Br pd&a. CHC} ! -1 B o--ol 2 1 7 4 8 E3 (C) H) 2 Kf: 2 2 1 or? 4 8 0 Homocol4plitig Croseoupting <BR> <BR> <BR> productsb<BR> entry subtrates solvent<BR> <BR> <BR> yields(%) Homo Cross<BR> 1 2a 7 dioxane 89 50 50<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 32 2a 1 dioxane/H2O 4 2b dioxane 82 30 70 2b 7 dioxane/H2O 898 70 30 dioxane 88 94 7 1 dioxane/H2O 85 100 7 2c 7 dioxane 92 50 50 8 2c 1 dioxane/H2O 91 100 0 10 dioxane 92 50 50 10 2d 1 dioxane/H2O 94 100 11 2e 1 dioxane/H2O 93 100 13 zu 1 7 SX 94 O 13 2f 1 dioxane/H2O 92 100 0 <BR> <BR> 14 2g 7 dioxane 89 100 0<BR> 15 2g 1 dioxane/H2O 95 100 0 16 2h 1 dioixane/H2O 89 100 0 17 2i 1 dioxane/H2O 90 100 0 aAll reactions were performed using 1 mol% PdCl2(rsc-BINAP) and 300 mol% KIF.

The reactions were done at 100 °C for 2-24 h and progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. bIsolated yields were reported, and the ratio of homocoupling product vs crossoupling product was determined by NMR.

To explain the experimental results, possible reaction mechanisms are illustrated in Scheme 3. In the first step, the reaction is initiated by oxidative addition of α-bromocarbonyl compound to a Pd ecie o, compomd 8. Intermediate 9 is formed after the first transmetallation and isomerization of 9 generates a palladium enolate intermediate 10, which undergoes a second transmetallation to yield the intermediate 12. Reductive elimination of 12 produces the homocoupling product 4. On the other hand, the reductive rumination of 9 gives the crosscoupling product 3. It is believed that isomerization of 9 to 10 and transmetallation of 10 withthe aryl boronic acid 2 are reversible. The homocoupling path (Sp2-Sp2 coupling) is preferred when reductive elimination of 9 is inhibited using an α-substituted bromocarbonyl compound as a reagent (reductive elimination barrier of Sp2-Sp3 coupling is increased in the presence of a bulky Sp3 group). In addition, presence of water will hydrolyse 11 and drive the reaction toward the intermediate 12. As the result, the homocoupling reaction is promoted. R2 ru 3 Ri l 0 t J l3tmucsupling '%-R2 R R3iS 2 t m 54a>motoupling mB Ri 10 R3 2 1As wPd 11 h % 2 rz R t Cy 4 R r H20 o X \ t1 » &>S R3 "B (OH

Schemes By cmployiag a similar approach, homocoupling of many acetylenes under the mild conditions can be achieved. The transformation is illustrated below. The mild condition and high yield of this Sp-Sp Coupling is suitable to from polymers and oligomers. The reaction can tolerate a wiet nK groups, An advantage is that the reaction can be carried out under an inert atmosphere, as opposed to an oxidative environment.

For example, it is expected that HC#CH may polymerize to form Sp- carbon polymers, which can bs converted as an used material fox iis conductm properties. Since high molecular weight polymer has not be prepared, this <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> materials may have unexpected properties. Using YC#CH as the stopping agent, an oligomer such as YC#C(C#CC#C)nC#CY or YC#C(C#C)mC#CY can be

famed in the condensation polymerization. The Y capping group can be SiMe3, COOR, CN, aryl), substituted aryl, alkyl and substituted alkyl. Another possibility is to make HC#CZC#CH first, where Z is a bridge species. The bridge can be an aryl, substituted aryl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, heteroaryl species. Polymerization of this monomer will lead to interesting materials. Where this description is only outlined few chances of application of this new reaction, the potential application is broad for making materials for may applications. The art of modern acetyline chemistry will teach the practice of this chemistry in many key transformations [Diederich, F.; Stang, P. J. Metal-catalyzed Cross-coupling Reaction, Wiley- VCH, 1998].

Pd-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reaction 8as ""s 3"t". e !", . Q 3'2 ? 'it.. i. "-"""J-^^"', -, '-#^ C"'ti',. t j tcr -oH W o t/w w v t \ PdC2 (p)'h3 Cut N OH HO ct + {pr so C, ct p ! tMf Mf" Y hrige s, bridge species, include anyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl R = a terminal pecies, include aryl, alkyl, substituted alkyl or substituted aryl

Among the more challenging problems of metal-catalyzed coupling is the Sp3-Sp3 couple reactions (both intramolecular and intermolecular cases).

Especially, the reaction has to tolerate beta H in both ends. By practicing an embodiment of the invention, coupling of a viariety of alkynes has been achieved leading to the possibility of a variety of new polyalkynes. Especially, hydroboration of alkenes with 9-BBN or HB(OR)2 or asymmetric hydroboration of bis-alkenes will generate bis boron species. Coupling of these bis boron species can lead to formation up to four chiral centers. This strategy is very power for making many biologically active compounds. The hydroboration and coupling reaction is a significant method for forming a nag structure.

Pd-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reaction Mdba. CHC ! t-. MspaspMn r? ..... -.. OEt moi, 2+ R-R + OF-t ff dlexitnWH at .., t f f. f f} jf c '6r J y h t Nst2 Nue <@C ) f + BH os s H f3 "Y 4

While the the provided above relate to forming C-C bonds, it is conceivable that C-heteroatom bond forming reaction and some oxidation reaction can be performed using an alpha halo carbonyl compound as the oxidate.

Because that metal-enolate and metal-halide has a different ability to do

transmetallation and other transformation, we envision that several new reactions are possible.

Metal-MediatedCouplins Reaons ease p'Y+HOR + CHR"8rCOOEt" 'OR R'Y + GHRBrCOOEt o R'NHS R'Y R2p7o7 cHR'78 Et POR2 O14 n R'Y + R2POH+ CHR"BrCOOEt R'POR2 n R2 R2 2 Y = B {OH) 2. SnBuS, ZnC {. MgR, S : Me3,, Pd (PPh3) 4, PdCt2 (P3 PdC ! 2 (dppf). Pd2 (ba) 3 + b ! Sphosph ! M, Pd (OAe + btsphosph) ne B8se=HC03, MaOR, 6t3N, Et2MH, KF, Na2C03. KOH FEr and R = H, alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl Experimental General Procedures: All reactions and manipulations were performed in a nitrogen-filled glovebox or using standard Schlenk techniques. Column chromatography was performed using EM silica pel 60 (230-400 mesh). 1H NMR were recorded on Bruker BP-200, DPX-300, and AMX-360 and DRX-400 spectrometers. Chemical shifts were reported in ppm down tetramethylsilane with the solvent resonance used as the internal standard.

Materials: Aryl boronic acids and α-bromocarbonyl compounds were purchased from Aldrich and were used directly without further purification.

Dioxane was dried and distilled from sodium/benzophenone ketyl under nitrogen and was stored in a sure seated bot A General Procedure for the Pd-catalyzed Homo-coupling Reaction of Aryl Boronic Acids: PdCl2(rac-BINAP)(0.01 mmol), KF (3.0 mmol) and an aryl boronic acid (1 mmol) were added in a dried Schlenk tube. The mixture was purged with nitrogen, and solvents [dioxane (5 mL) or dioxane (4 mL) and H2O (1 mL)] were added. Under nitrogen, an α-bromo carbonyl compound [ethyl bromoacetate ester (0. 6 mmol) or methyl α-bromophenylacetate ester (0.6 mmol)] was added and then the reaction mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 24 hours (h). After the reaction was completed, 5 mL of ethyl acetate and ca. 3-5 g of silica gel were added to the reaction mixture. The solvent was removed under vacuum and the solid mixture was loaded on a silica gel column to remove the Pd catalyst. The following compounds are known and references are provided: sp2-sp2 data (Biary !) 1,1'-Diphenic acid diethyl ester Steliou, Kosta; Salama, Paul; Yu, Xiaoping; JACSAT; J.

Amer.Chem.Soc.; EN; 114; 4; 1992; 1456-1462; Sheley; Patterson; ORMSBG; <BR> <BR> <BR> Org.Mass Spectrom.; 9; 1974; 731,736; 1H NMR (360MHz, CDCl3) # 7.99 (dd, J = 1.4, 7.8, 2H), 7.50-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.41 (dt, J = 1.3, 7.7, 2H), 7.18(dd, J = 1.0, 7.6, 2H), 4.01 (q, J=7.2, 4H), 0.96 (t, J=7.2, 6H).

1,1'-Diphenonitrile Hassan, Jwanro; Penalva, Vincent; Lavenot, Laurence; Gozzi, Christel; Lemaire, Marc; TETRAB; Tetrahedron; EN ; 54; 45; 1998 ; 13793 ; 138nu ;'R <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> NMR (360MHz, CDCl3) # 7.80 (d, J#7.5, 2H), 7.70 (dd, J=7.7, 7.5, 2H), 7.57-<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 7.53 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3) # 139.76, 131.74, 131.08, 128.75,<BR> 127.41, 115.77, 110.54.

2,2'-Dimethyl-biphenyl 'H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) 7.35-7.26 (m, 6H), 7.14 (d@ 2.12 (s, 6H).

2,2'-Dimethoxy-biphenyl 1H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) 7.34 (ddd,J=1.8, 7.9, 7.8, 2H), 7.27 (dd, J # 1.8, 7.9, 2H), 7.05-6.97 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s,6H).

4,4'-Dimethyl-biphenyl 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) 7.62 (d,J=8.1, 4H), 7.37 (d, J=8.1, 4H), 2, 53 (s, 6H).

4,4'-Dimethoxy-biphenyl 1H NMR (300 MHZ, CDCl3) 7.35 (d,J=8.5, 4H), 6.84(d, J=8.5, 4H), .71 (s,6H).

Biphenyl-2,2'-dicarbaldehyde 'ft NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) 9.79 (s, 2h), 8.01 (dd, J=1.1, 7.7, 2H), 7,60(ddd, J = 1.1, 7.5, 7.6, 2H), 7.54 (dd, J=7.7, 7.6, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=7.5, 2H).

3,3'-Dinitro-biphenyl <BR> 1H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) 8.43 (t,J=2.0, 2H), 8.23 (d,J=8.0, 2H),<BR> 7.90(d, J=8.0, 2h), 7.64 (t, J=8.0, 2H).

3,5,3',5'-Tetramethyl-biphenyl 1H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) 7.54 (s, 4H), 7.31 (s, 2H), 2.71 (s, 12H).

[1,1']Binaphthalenyl

1H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) 7.96-7.93 (m, 4H), 7.59 (t,J=8.1, 2H),<BR> 7.55-7.45 (m, 4H), 7.40(d,J=8.2, 2H), 7.28(t, J=8.2, 2H).<BR> <P>Biphenyl<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 1HNMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) 7.74 (d,J=7.8, 4H), 7.58 (dt, J=1.1, 7.5,<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 4H), 7.49(tt, J=1.1, 7.4, 2H).

'U NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) 7.74 (d,J=7.8, 4H), 7.58(dt, J=1.1, 7.5, 4H), 7.49(tt, J=1.1, 7. 4, 2H).

Indan-1-one 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.72 (d,J=7.7, 1H), 7.55 (dd,J=7.7, 7.8, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=7.6, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=7.6, 7.8, 1H), 3.13-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.67- 2. 64 (m, 2H).

Sp3-Sp3 coupling data 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-diphenyl-hexane1,1'-(1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1, 4- butanediyl)bis-benzene Whitesides,G.M. et al.: JACSAT ; J.Amer,Chem.Soc. ; EN ; 94; 1; 1972 ; 232-239; Richards,D.H.; Scilly,N.F.; JSOOAX; J.Chem.Soc.C; EN; 1969; 55-56.

2-Methyl-2-phenyl-propyl bromide Tamao, Kohei; Yoshida, Jun-ichi; Akita, Munetaka; Sugihara, Yoshihiro; Iwahara, Takahisa; Kumada, Makoto; BSCSJA8; Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn. ; EN; 55; 1 ; 1982; 255-260; 1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) # 7.30-7.22 (m, 6H), 7.18-7.13 (m, 4H), 3. 49 (s, 4H), 1.38 (s, 12h); 13C NMR (75MHz, CDCl3) # 146.38, 128.64, 2. 45, 127.05, 126.35, 126.1, 47.33, 39.56, 29.42.

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-diphenyl-hexane Whitesides,G.M. et al.; JACSAT; J.Amer.Chem.Soc.; EN; 94; 1; 1972; 232-239; 1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) # 7.3-17.28 (m, 4H), 7.21-.19 (m, 6H), 1.38 (s, 4H), 1.23 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (75MHz, CDCl3) # 149.71, 128.39, 126.32, 125.73, 39.28, 37.86, 29.52.

2-Methyl-2-phenyl-popan- ! Biser, Hartmut H. ; Berger, Stefan; MRCHEG; Magn.Reson.Chem.; EN; 28; 5; 1990; 437-442; Ref. 1 5604628; Journal; Tamao, K.; Kakui, T.; Akita, M.; Iwahara, T.; Kanatani, R.; et al.; TETRAB; Tetrahedron; EN; 39; 6; 1983; 983- 990; R.S. et al.; JACSAT; J.Amer.Chem.Soc.; EN; 92; 12; 1970; 3722-3729; 1H NMR (360MHZ, CDCl3)H # 7.32-7.26 (m, 3H), 7.18-7.11 (m, 2H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 1.25 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (75MHz, CDCl3) # 146.76, 129.14, 128.86, 128.62, 126.68, 126.63, 73.51, 40.51, 25.75 Phenylethanol Journal; Aitken, R. Alan; Armstrong, Jill M.; Drysdale, Martin J.; Ross, Fiona C.; Ryan, Bruce M.; J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1; EN; 5; 1999; 593 - 604; <BR> <BR> <BR> Ref. 1 5570193; Journal; Flippin, Lee A.; Gallagher, David W.; Jalali-Araghi,<BR> Ref5570193; Journal; Fippin, Lee A.; Gallagher, David W.; Jalali-Araghi, keyvan; JOCEAH; J.Org.Chem. ; EN; 54; 6 ; 1989; 1430-1432; Ref. 1 5571848; Journal; Barluenga, Jose; Alonso-Cires, Luisa; Campos, Pedro J.; Asensio, <BR> <BR> <BR> Oregon ; SYNTBP ; Synthesis ; EN; 1; 1983; 53-55; 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 7.35-7.27 (m 5H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 2.30 (br, 1H); 13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3) # 140.96, 128.98, 128.14, 127.50,65.82; 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 7.30 (d, J= 8.5, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.5, 2H), 4.63 (s, 2h), 1.8 (br, 1H); 13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3) # 139.65, 133.73, 129.07, 128.67, 64.91; Journal; Khotinsky; Melamed; <BR> <BR> <BR> CHBEAM; Chem.Ber.; 42; 1909; 3094; 1H NMR (400Mhz, CDCl3) # 7.27-7.08 (m, 7H), 2.83 (s, 2h) 2,2'-Dichloro-bibenzyl Waf Stua. rt ; Wyatt, Paui ; JCPRB4; J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1; EN; 2; 1998; 249-256 ; Tashiro,M. et al.; JOCEAH; J.Org.Chem. ; EN ; 43 ; 1978 ; 1413- 1419; 1H NMR (360MHz CDcl3) 8 7.38-7.32 (m, 2h), 7.18-7.11 (m, 6H), 2.95

(s, 4H); 13 C NMR (360MHz, CDCl3) # 139.37, 134.43, 131.02, 129.89, 127.96,<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 7, 34 1,2-Bis-(2-bromo-phenyl)-etane Kelly, T. ross; Li, qun; Bhushan, Vidya; TELEAY; Tetrahedron Lett.; EN 31 ; 2 ; 1990; 161-164; Yamato, Takehiko; Sakaue, Naozumi; Komine, masayasu; Nagano, Yoshiaki; JRMPDM; J.Chem.Res.miniprint; EN; 7 ; i997 ; <BR> <BR> <BR> 1708-1735; 1H NMR (360MHz, CDCl3) # 7.71 (d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.40-7.34 (m,<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 4H), 7.25-7.71 (m, 2H), 3.21 (s, 4H); 13C NMR (360MHz, CDCl3) # 141.01, 133. 30, 131.05, 127.87, 124.92, 36.87, 1-Bromo-6-choro-hexane 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 3.52 (t, J=6.6Hz, 2H), 3.40 (t, J=6.7Hz, 2H), 1.87-1.80( m, 2H), 1.79-1.75( m, 2H), 1.47-1.41 ( m, 4H); 13C NMR (75MHz, CDCt3) # 45.30, 34.08,3 2.94, 32.75, 27.82, 26.43.

1,12-Dicholo-dodecane Turro, Nicholas J.; Han, Nianhe; Lei, Xue-gong; Fehlner, James R. ; Abrams, Lloyd; JACSAT; J.Amer.Chem.Soc.; EN; 117 ; 17; 1995; 4881-4893; 1H <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) # 3.51 (t, J=6.8Hz, 4H), 7.271.79-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.42- 13838 (m, 4H), 1.26-1.23 (m, 12H); 13C NMR (90MHz, CDCl3) # 45.56, 33.04, 29.86, 29.26, 27.26.

Hexadecane C C.; Guerrini, A.; Lucarini, M.; JOCEAH; J.Org.Chem. ; <BR> <BR> <BR> EN; 57; 12;1 992; 3405-3409; 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 1.30- 1.19 (m, 26H),<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> E M (t, J=6.8HZ, 6H); 13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3) # 32.33, 30.10, 30.06, 29.77, 23.10.

Tetradecanedinitrile Saotome,K. et al.; BCSJA8; Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.; EN; 39; 1966; 480-484 ; 6-bromo-hexanoic acid ethyl ester McHintosh, John M.: Pillon, Lilianna Z.; Acquaah, Samuel O.; Green, James R.; White, Graham S.; CJCHAG; Can.J.Chem.; EN; 61; 1983; 2016-2021; Somekawa, Kenichi; Okuhira, Hiroyuki; Sendayama, Masayuki; Suishu, Takaaki; Shimo, Tetsuro; JOCEAH; J.Org.Chem.; EN; 57; 21; 1992; 5708-5712; 1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) # 4.03 (q, J=7.2, 2H), 3.23 (t, J=6.8, 2H), 2.18 (t, J=7.3, 2H), 1.76-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.13 (t, J <BR> <BR> <BR> = 7. 7.2, 3H); 13C NMR (75MHz, CDCl3) # 173.81, 60.67, 34.47, 33.96, 32.<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> x n Dodecanedioic acid diethyl ester Menger, F. M.; Wood, M. G.; Richardson, S.; Zhou, Q.; Elrington, A. R.; Sherrod, M. J.; JACSAT; J.Amer.Chem.Soc.; EN; 110; 20; 1988; 6797-6803; 1H <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 4.04 (q, J=7.2, 4H), 2.21 (t, J=7.4, 4H), 1.58-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.24-1.16 (m, 18H) 1,2-Diphenyl-ethane HartmaD, Stephen J. ; elusky, Eric C. ; CJCHAG; Can.J.Chem.; EN; 60 ; 1982; 2654-2660; Marquet, Jorge; Moreno-Manas, Marcial; Pacheco, Pedro; Prat, Maria; Katritzky, Alan R.; Brycki, Bogumil; TETRAB; Tetrahedron; EN; 46; 15; 1990; 5333-5346 ; 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 7.30-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.21-7.18 (m, <BR> <BR> <BR> 6H), 2.92 (s, 4H); 13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3) # 142.19, 128.86, 128.75, 126.33, 38.37.

2,3-Diphenyl-butane Kim, Seung-Hoi; Rieke, Reuben D.; JoCEAH; J.Org.Chem.; EN; 65; 8; <BR> <BR> <BR> 2000; 2322 - 2330; 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 7.25-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.13<BR> (m, 3H), 7.10-7.06 (m, 2H), 7.02-7.00( m, 1H), 6.94-6.92(m, 2H), 2.88-2.84 (m,

1.2H), 2.73-2.71 (m, 0.8H), 1.2 (dd, J = 1.8, 5.0, 3.6H), 0.95 (dd, J = 2.0, 4.8, 2.4H); 13c NMR (100MHz, CDCl3) # 146.91, 146.26, 128.71, 128.25, 128.20, 128.04, 126.48, 126.12, 47.69, 46.90, 21.47, 18.37.

1,2-diphenyl-ethanv@ne Journal; Kawatsura, Motoi; Hartwig, John F.; JACSAT; J. Amer. Chem.

Sot. ; 121; 7 ; 1999; 1473 - 1478; 1H NMR (360MHz, CDCl3) # 7.93 (d, J = 7.7, 2H), 7.48 (td, J = 1.2, 7.3, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J = 7.3, 7.7, 2H), 7.26-7.23 (m, 2H), <BR> <BR> <BR> 7.20-7.15(m, 3H), 4.20(s, 2H); 13C NMR (100MHz, CDCl3) # 198.04, 137.00, 134.95, 133.59, 129.89, 129.09, 129.06, 129.03, 127.31, 45.91. sp2-sp2 data (vinyl-vinyl) data <BR> <BR> <BR> kumAp se phenyl-buta-1,3-diene<BR> Nishihara, Yasushi ; IegasMm, Kazutaka; Toriyama, Fumihiko; Mori, Atsunori ; Hiyama, Tamejiro; BCSIA8; Bull.Chem.Soc.Jpn.; EN ; 73; 4; 2000; 985 - 990; 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 7.48 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 7.38 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.0, 4H), 7.28 (t, J = 7.0, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J = 14.7, 2.7Hz, 2H), 6.71 (dd, J = <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 14.7Hz, 2.7H); 13C NMR (90MHz, CDCl3) # 135.35, 130.83, 127.25, 126.67,<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 125.57, 124.40.<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> sp-sp Coupling data<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> Diphenylbutadiyne<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> Aitken, R. Alan; Herion, Hugues; Horsburgh, Caroline E. R.; Karodia,<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> Nazita; Seth, Shirley; JCPRB4; J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1 ; EN; 5; 1996 ; 485-<BR> 7.0, 4H), 7.28 (t, J = 7.0,1H), 6.95 (dd, J = 14.7,2.7Hz, 2H), 6.71 (dd, J =<BR> 14.7Hz, 2.7H); 13C NMR (90MHz, CDCl3) # 135.35, 130.83, 127.25, 126.67,<BR> 125.57, 124.40.<BR> sp-sp Coupling data<BR> Diphenylbutadiyne<BR> Aitken, R. Alan; Herion, Hugues; Horsburgh, Caroline E. R.; Karodia,<BR> Nazita; Seth, Shirley; JCPRB4; J.Chem.Soc.Perkin Trans.1; EN; 5; 1996; 485- 490; 1H NMR (400MHz, CDCl3) # 7.55-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 6H) 2,7-Dimethyl-octa-3,5-diyne-2,7-diol Raj, C. Paul; Braverman, s.; SYNCAV; Synth.Commun.; EN; 29; 15; <BR> <BR> <BR> 1999; 2629 - 2638; 1H NMR (400MHz, CD2Cl2) # 2.02 (s, 2H), 1.42 (s, 12H); 13C

NMR (iOOMHz, CD2Cl2) # 84.92, 66.65, 66.17, 31.64; 1H NMR (400MHz, C # 7.55-7.50 (m, 4H), 7.37-7.32 (m, 6H).

Bis-(4-ethyl-phenyl)-butadiyne Uchida,A. et al.; JOCEAH; J.Org.Chem.; EN; 37;23; 1972 ; 3749-3750 ; <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 1H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) # 7.43 (d, J = 8.1, 4H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.1, 4H), 2.67(q,<BR> J = 7.6, 4H), 1.25(t, J = 7.6, 6H); 13C NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3) # 146.1, 132.9,<BR> 128.4, 119.5, 82.0, 73.9, 29.3, 15.6, 4,4'-Di-n-propyldiphenyldiacetylene 1H NMR (360 MHZ, CDCl3) # 7.36 (d, J = 8.2, 4H), 7.02(d, J = 8.2, 4H), 2.52(t, J = 7.6, 4H), 1.78-1.54(m, 4H), 0.91(t, J = 7.3, 6H); 13C NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3) # 142.0, 132.7, 131.6, 130,6, 119.7, 62.7, 37.8, 24.8, 14.4.

Di-cyclohexy-1-enyl-butadiyne <BR> <BR> <BR> 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) # 6.23-6.21(m, 2H), 2.10-2.09 (m, 8H),<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> I 61-1.55(m, 8H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) # 138.5, 120.3, 83.0, 71.9, 29.1, 2 3, 22.5, 21.7.

Hexadeca-7,9-diyne <BR> <BR> <BR> 1H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) # 2.22 (t, J = 6.8 MHz, 4H), 1.53-1.47 (m,<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 4H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 12H), 0.87 (t, J = 6.6, 6H); 13C NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3) # 77.9, 65.7, 31.7, 28.9, 28.7, 22.9, 19.6, 14.4 Dodeca-5,7-diyne-1,12-diol <BR> <BR> <BR> 1H NMR (360MHz, CDCl3) # 3.65(t, J = 6.2, 4H), 2.28(t, J = 6.5, 4H),<BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 1.70-1.57 (m, 8H), 1.34 (br, 2H); 13C NMR (90MHz, CDCl3) # 77.6, 66.0, 62.7, 32. 1, 25.0, 19.4.

1,4-Bis(1-hydroxycyclohexyl) buta-1,3-diyne TETRAB; Tetrahedron; EN; 34; 1978; 1323-1332; 1H NMR (CDCl3) # 1.98 (br, 2H), 1.92-1.88 (m, 4H), 1.74-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.61-1.48 (m, 8H), 1.28-1.21 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) # 83.4, 69.6, 68.7, 40.1, 25.4, 23.5.

1,1'-butadiynediyl-bis-cyclopentanol 1H NMR (360 MHz, CDCl3) # 2.02-1.92 (m, 8H), 1.87-1.67 (m, 8H), 1.20 (br, 2H), 13C NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3) # 82.2, 73.7, 66.3, 41.3, 22.3.

1,8-diphenyl-octa-3,5-diyne 1H NMR (360 MHZ, CDCl3) # 7.25-7.11 (m, 10H), 2.76 (t, J = 7.4, 4H), 2.46 (t, J = 7.5, 4H); 13C NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3) # 140.6, 128.9, 128.8, 126.8, 77.3, 66.3, 35.3, 21.9.

2,7-Dimethyl-octa-3,5-diyne-2,7-diol Raj, C. paul; Braverman, S.; SYNCAV; Synth.Commun.; EN; 29; 15; 1999; 2629 - 2638; 1H NMR (400MHz, CD2Cl2) # 2.02 (s, 2H), 1.42 (s, 12H); 13C NMR (100MHz, CD2Cl2) # 84.92, 66.65, 66.17, 31.64.

Tetracosa-11,13-diyne 1H NMR (360 MHZ, CDCl3) # 2.22 (t, J = 6.6, 4H), 1.54-1.45 (m, 4H), 1.37-1.24 (m, 28H), 0.86 (t, J = 6.7, 6H); 13C NMR (90MHz, CDCl3) # 77.2, 64.9, 31.5, 29.2, 29.1, 28.9, 28.7, 28.5, 28.0, 22.3, 18.8, 13.7.

Deca-4,6-diynedinitrile 1H NMR (360 MHZ, CDCl3) # 2.64(t, J = 6.4, 4H), 2.57(t, J = 6.4, 4H); 13C NMR (90 MHz, CDCl3) # 118.0, 74.3, 67.8, 17.5, 17.0.

Dichloro- deca-4,6-diyne

1H NMR (CDCl3) # 3.64 (t, J = 6., 4H), 2.46 (t, J = 6.8, 4H), 2.05-1.94<BR> (m, 4H); 13C NMR (CDCl3) # 76.2, 66.5, 43.8, 31.5, 17.7 Polymerization of alkynes A wide variety of alkynes can be made by combining a alkyne with a catalysts and an alpha-halo carbonyl. These alkynes can be polymerized alone or with an end-capping agent. In an embodiment of the present invention, one or more bonds is formed between one of more alkynes to form an oligomer or polymer. Far example, the polymer can have the following structure : Q-HnkcrC) n4mker- ( OsCC) m- Hnker-Q QC--. C (C :-=CC--C) nCCQ or or Q (CC4nnker-CsC) nCCQ wherein : Ris a substituted or unsubstitated diradical Han anet nen alcyne, if present; Q is H, a metal, an organometallic species, or a substituted or tsHbsetuted silane, SiMe3, COOR', aryl, alkyl, siloxane, CN, or, CONHR'; where R' is an alkyl or aryl group; linker is a joining bond, i.e. the linker denotes a bond @ between the two groups. Linker also represents a substituted or unsubstituted diradical of an alkane, alkene, alkyne, aryl, arylene, aromatic, or siloxane. These polymers can be of a high molecular weight, e.g. where n or m has a value as high millions. In one aspect, the values of n or m is from 1 to 100,000, e.g., n or m is from 1 to 1,000. In another aspect polymeric materials of where n anchor m is 10 to 100 can be formed. An example of a polyacetylene end-capped with phenylacetylene is provided below.

A mixture of Acetylene (194 mg, 1 mmol), Cul (9.5 mg, 0.05 mmol), PdCl2(BINAP) (40 mg, 0.05 mmol), Desyl chloride (138.4 mg, 0.6 mmol) and

DABCO (134.4 mg, 1.2 mmol) in 5 ml THF was stirred at room temperature. To this solution, a small amount of Phenyl acetylene (10.4 mg, 0.1 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 2 days. The solved was removed in vacw and 10 ml. of MeOH was added to the residue. The solid was filtered and washed a few times with methanol. After drying, a brownish black solid was obtained.

The following table illustrates the polymerization of a wide variety of atkynes by the above approach. It is understood that the polymeric products are produced from the corresponding alkyne. For example, the polymer of entry 1 is produced from the 1,7-dioctyne. The repeating unit is indicated by the subscript "n".

Characterization1 Polymer Yield GPC - 994 color - Brownish yellow 51 % solid solid state NMR - 137, 129, 78.8, 68.7,28.9, 19.7; GPC - 1194 55 % color - Same as above U.V.-Vis - 420(max), 316, 332 NRM - 0.6, 0.83, 0.97, 1.23, 45 % 1.35, 1.52, 1.79, 2.15, 3.96, 6.95 GPC - 4575 Color - Orange/red

U.V.-Vis - 204(Max), 638, 650 I.R. - 3054, 2150, 1597, 696 <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> 13C NMR solid - 112<BR> GPC - 2321<BR> color - Black<BR> color- Black U.V.-Vis- 244 color - Brown I. GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) relates to an approximate molecular weight of product, Only the prcferted embodiment of the preseiat invention and examples of its versatility are shown and described in the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the present invention is capable of use in various other combinations and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept as expressed herein,