STOOKER, Dirk Cornelis (Röntgenstraat 18, LK Oud-Beijerland, NL-3261, NL)
| Claims 1. Method of automatically removing a sleeve of meat from an animal part having a bone with a first knuckle on one of two opposite ends of a bone shaft and a second knuckle on another of the two opposite ends, the method including: engaging the bone of the animal part with a part of a meat stripper between its first knuckle and the sleeve of meat; engaging the bone by a knuckle gripper between the part of the meat stripper and the first knuckle; moving the meat stripper and the knuckle gripper away from one another, while stripping and gathering the sleeve of meat towards the second knuckle; discontinue moving away the meat stripper and knuckle gripper from one another upon the part of the meat stripper engaging the second knuckle; advancing a meat cutter in a direction towards the meat stripper opposite of the knuckle gripper; cutting the sleeve of meat gathered by the meat stripper circumferentially around the second knuckle; retracting the meat cutter; disengaging the knuckle gripper; removing the bone from the gathered sleeve of meat and from the meat stripper; collecting the gathered sleeve of meat for further processing; and discarding the bone. 2. Method according to claim 1, further including, upon the engaging of the bone with the part of the meat stripper, a step of at least partially cutting the meat from the bone by engaging a cutter between the first knuckle and the sleeve of meat. 3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of engaging the bone with the part of the meat stripper, includes engaging the bone between the first knuckle and the sleeve of meat with a first meat stripper jaw. 4. Method according to claim 3, wherein prior to moving the meat stripper and the knuckle gripper away from one another, a second meat stripper jaw is closed onto the first meat stripper jaw, such that the bone shaft is circumferentially engaged by the meat stripper. 5. Method according to claim 4, wherein prior to removing the bone from the gathered sleeve of meat and from the meat stripper, the second meat stripper jaw is opened. 6. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein the step of cutting the gathered sleeve of meat from around the second knuckle includes rotating a circumferential meat cutter. 7. Method according to any preceding claim, wherein prior to engaging the bone by the knuckle gripper, the animal part engaged by the part of the meat stripper, is passed by a cutter for at least partially cutting the sleeve of meat from the bone adjacent to the first knuckle. 8. Apparatus for automatically removing a sleeve of meat from an animal part having a bone with a first knuckle on one of two opposite ends of a bone shaft and a second knuckle on another of the two opposite ends, the apparatus including: a first meat stripper jaw for receiving the bone shaft of the animal part between its first knuckle and its sleeve of meat; a knuckle gripper for engaging between the first meat stripper jaw and the first knuckle of the animal part; cam track means configured for moving apart the first meat stripper jaw and the knuckle gripper; a meat cutter for cutting circumferentially around the second knuckle; advancing and retracting means configured for advancing and retracting the meat cutter toward the meat stripper from a direction opposite of the knuckle gripper; rotating means configured to rotate the meat cutter; and means for collecting a gathered sleeve of meat from the first meat stripper jaw and for discarding the bone. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a second meat stripper jaw for engaging around the bone shaft complements the first meat stripper jaw and capable of being moved between an open and a closed position. 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the second meat stripper jaw is mounted on a free end of a pivoting meat stripper arm, which is pivoted from a trunnion block and biased to its open position by a spring. 11. Apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the second meat stripper jaw is moved to the closed position by engaging a ramp. 12. Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the knuckle gripper for engaging between the first meat stripper jaw and the first knuckle of the animal part is mounted on relatively movable first and second knuckle gripper carriers. 13. Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the cam track means is a stationary cam track drum including first and second cam tracks for operating engagement and disengagement of the knuckle gripper and a third cam track for advancing and retracting the meat cutter. 14. Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the meat cutter has a circumferential cutting edge on one end of a tubular body and arranged to be rotatably driven by a gear pinion arranged on an opposite end thereof. 15. Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 14, wherein the rotating means configured to rotate the meat cutter includes a stationary arranged toothed segment. 16. Apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 15, wherein the first meat stripper jaw is part of an endless conveyor. 17. Apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the endless conveyor is arranged for movement in a path that at least partly coincides with the cam track means that is embodied by a stationary cam track drum. 18. Apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the knuckle gripper and meat cutter are arranged on a module that is mounted for rotation about the stationary cam track drum. 19. Apparatus according to any one of claim 17 or 18, wherein the path of the endless conveyor, prior to coinciding with the stationary cam track drum, passes a cutter for at least partially cutting the sleeve of meat from the bone adjacent to the first knuckle of the animal part engaged by the first meat stripper jaw. 20. Apparatus for performing the method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7. |
The invention relates to a method and apparatus for deboning extremity parts of slaughtered animals that have an elongate bone shaft terminating at opposite ends in first and second knuckles, such as in particular poultry thighs from chicken and turkey.
Such methods and apparatuses have been proposed in prior patent publications US 3672000; US 4327463; US 4495675; US 4639974; and US 4893378. In all the known method and apparatuses the sleeve of meat surrounding the bone shaft is forced over the second knuckle. To permit passage over the second knuckle the meat stripper assemblies or diaphragms employed by the prior art need to have an opening large enough to allow passage of the second knuckle. A meat stripper having an opening of a fixed size that is large enough to pass the second knuckle, will not work properly as important amounts of meat will be left on the bone shaft, while the meat that has been removed will be damaged and become unattractive for further use. It is for this reason that most known arrangements have opted for making the opening of the meat stripper variable. Several mechanisms have thus been conceived to allow the stripper assembly opening to be varied in size when engaging and passing the second knuckle. Needless to say that such
mechanism have added substantial complication to, as well as hampered the reliability of, the known meat removing and deboning apparatuses. Therefore a more recent approach has been to employ flexible rubber or elastomeric stripper disks having a centre aperture providing a circumferential stripper edge. While the use of flexible stripper disks has reduced structural
complications and enhanced reliability of operation, it has also introduced relatively rapid wear of the flexible stripper disk and the accompanying downtime for periodic replacements of the worn stripper disks. It is not uncommon for these flexible stripper disks to need replacement every 600 kg of processed meat. Furthermore it has been necessary to insert the animal part with one of its knuckle ends through a central aperture of the flexible stripper disk, the handling of which is not an easy one to control given the ever increasing demand for meat processing speed.
Accordingly it is an object of the present invention to overcome or ameliorate at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art. It is also an object of the present invention to provide alternative structures which are less cumbersome in assembly and operation and which moreover can be made relatively inexpensively. Alternatively it is an object of the invention to at least provide the public with a useful choice.
To this end the invention provides for a method, and apparatus capable of performing a method, of automatically removing a sleeve of meat from an animal part having a bone with a first knuckle on one of two opposite ends of a bone shaft and a second knuckle on another of the two opposite ends, as defined in one or more of the appended claims. The method according to the invention thereby notably includes the steps of engaging the bone of the animal part with part of a meat stripper between its first knuckle and the sleeve of meat, engaging the bone by a knuckle gripper between the part of the meat stripper and the first knuckle, moving the meat stripper and the knuckle gripper away from one another, while stripping and gathering the sleeve of meat towards the second knuckle, discontinue moving away the meat stripper and knuckle gripper from one another upon the part of the meat stripper engaging the second knuckle, advancing a meat cutter in a direction towards the meat stripper opposite of the knuckle gripper, cutting the sleeve of meat gathered by the meat stripper circumferentially around the second knuckle, retracting the meat cutter, disengaging the knuckle gripper, removing the bone from the gathered sleeve of meat and from the meat stripper, collecting the gathered sleeve of meat for further processing, and discarding the bone.
The invention also specifically relates to an apparatus arranged for performing at least the necessary minimum of steps of the method according to the invention and apparatuses as defined in one or more of the appended claims.
Further advantageous aspects of the invention will become clear from the following description of particular embodiments, explained in reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a meat stripping apparatus according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus of Figure 1 with elements deleted to reveal other structural elements;
Figure 3 is a front elevation of an individual meat stripping module of the apparatus of Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 4 is a side view of the meat stripping module of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a deployed planar of a continuous cam track for controlling the meat stripping modules in the apparatus;
Figure 6 is a perspective view of a meat stripping module with part of the meat stripper deleted to reveal its knuckle gripper; and
Figure 7 schematically shows an animal part such as may be deboned by the meat stripper apparatus of the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1, there is shown a meat stripping apparatus 1 for performing the method according to the invention. The meat stripping apparatus 1 has a supporting framework 3. Mounted for rotation within the framework 3 is an array of meat stripper or deboning modules 5 that revolve in a carousel around a stationary cam track drum 7 (Figure 2). Also extending around the stationary cam track drum 7 is an endless conveyor 9 that is movable in a path that coincides with the revolving deboning modules 5. The endless conveyor 9 includes a plurality of carriers 11, which each include a slotted first meat stripper jaw 13 and an optional meat support shelve 15. The carriers 11, in use, are moved by the conveyor 9 in the direction of arrows 17A, 17B (Figures 1 and 2 respectively) about loading table 19, provided with a tray 21 for holding a supply of animal thighs. The path through which the conveyor 9 moves, coextends for substantially 180° with that through which the carousel of deboning modules 5 revolves.
The deboning modules 5 as shown in the embodiment of Figures 1 and 2, are generally vertically arranged as taught, amongst others, by patent publication US 4,893,378. Such a vertical arrangement is generally more compact and may be of advantage when the equipment needs to be placed in an already existing meat processing plant. In such a situation doorways and aisles may restrict access. As taught by patent publication US 5,782,685 it is also possible to arrange the deboning modules horizontally. These examples will assist the skilled person in understanding the exact scope of the present invention.
Operating personnel or workers may take a position adjacent the loading table 19 and position the animal thighs supplied in the tray 21 into the carriers 11. This is done by engaging the bone of the animal thigh into the slotted first meat stripper jaw 13, such that the first meat stripper jaw 13 engages between a first knuckle (B in Figure 7) of the animal bone and the sleeve of meat surrounding it (D in Figure 7). A second knuckle (C in Figure 7) of the bone is thereby suspended above the meat support shelve 15. The loading can be done by one worker, or by several workers, depending on the required operating speed.
The meat support shelve 15 is optional. For instance when the apparatus 1 is arranged with the deboning modules in a horizontal position other means may be employed for assisting in the collection of the meat. It is also possible to associate the meat supporting shelve 15 with each of the revolving modules 5. Both the conveyor 9 and the rotating deboning modules 5 are driven by a drive unit 23. The drive unit 23 drives the deboning modules 5 to revolve about the stationary cam drum 7 as a carousel and this carousel in turn drives the endless conveyor 9 by engagement of the individual deboning modules 5 with its individual carriers 11. Thereby the carriers 11 are moved through a processing path in the direction of arrows 17A, 17B. On their way towards the carousel of deboning modules 5, the animal thighs suspended in the carriers 11, first are engaged by a rotating cutter 25, which at least partially cuts the sleeve of meat from the bone adjacent to the first knuckle (B in Figure 7). This is best shown in Figure 2, which is a view of the apparatus 1, opposite to that of Figure 1. Also in Figure 2, several of the deboning modules 5 are deleted to reveal the stationary cam drum 7 underneath. Each carrier 11 of the conveyor chain 9 represents a link of a conveyor chain. Each link represented by one of the carriers 11, upon meeting with the carrousel of deboning modules 5, is engaged by a successive one of these modules 5. When the engaged carriers 11 and deboning modules 5 rotate through the semi circle opposite of the loading table 19, they together form a deboning unit. Operation of the deboning process will be described in more detail in reference to the Figures 3 to 7. Before moving over to a description of these other Figures, it may be useful to note that in Figures 1 and 2 there is also visible a perimeter ramp 27 that extends partially above the carousel of deboning modules 5. At a lower end thereof the framework 3 also supports a stationary toothed segment 29, visible in Figure 2 only. Figure 2 also shows that the cam drum 7 has a first upper cam track 31, a second intermediate cam track 33, and a third lower cam track 35.
Each of the animal parts, see Figure 7, includes an elongate bone shaft (A) surrounded by a sleeve of meat (D). Each end of the elongate bone shaft (A) carries a respective one of first and second knuckles (B, C). The first (A) and the second (B) knuckles can differ in size depending on the type of animal part, such as chicken or turkey thighs. Also the length of the bone shaft (A) may vary to some extend.
As arranged on the carriers 11 the animal parts are transported through the processing path in a direction transverse to the longitudinal extend of the elongate bone shafts (A). As explained above the carriers 11 are moved as an endless conveyor chain. The conveyor 9 thus is guided through a substantially linear loading section on opposite sides of the loading table 19. At the free end of the loading table 19 there may be provided an idler sprocket wheel, or a curved sliding surface (not shown, but conventional) to turn around the conveyor chain. Engagement of each of the carriers 11 with a respective one of the revolving deboning modules 5 takes place downstream of the loading table 19 with the deboning modules 5 in the carousel's semi-circle opposite of the loading table 19.
As best shown in Figure 4 each deboning module 5 has a guide structure 37, in the form of a pair of rods, on which are slidably engaged a first relatively moveable knuckle gripper carrier 39, a second relatively moveable knuckle gripper carrier 41 and a meat cutter carrier 43. The first relatively moveable knuckle gripper carrier 39 has a first guide roller 45 for engaging the upper cam track 31 (see Figures 2 and 5). The second relatively moveable knuckle gripper carrier 41 has a second guide roller 47 for engaging the intermediate cam track 33 (Figures 2 and 5). The meat cutter carrier 43 has a third guide roller 49 for engaging the lower cam track 35. The meat cutter carrier 43 is further provided with a rotatable circumferential meat cutter 51, which on its lower end is provided with a toothed pinion 53. The toothed pinion 53 is positioned for engagement with the toothed segment 29.
At an upper end of the guide structure 37 is attached a trunnion block 55, onto which is pivotally linked a meat stripper arm 57. The meat stripper arm 57 on its free end carries a second meat stripper jaw 59. The second meat stripper jaw 59 may have a slotted edge similar to the first meat stripper jaw 13 to overlap therewith in a closed position. To move the meat stripper arm 57 from the open position, shown in Figure 4 to a closed position, in which the second jaw 59 overlaps with the first jaw 13, an egg shaped roller 61 is provided on an end of the meat stripper arm 57 beyond the trunnion block 55. The meat stripper arm 57 is pivoted to the trunnion block 55 by means of a pivot pin 63, and is biased to its open position by a compression spring 65. The egg shaped roller 61, while the meat stripper module 5 is rotated about the cam drum 7, will engage the perimeter ramp 27 at a predetermined point of its travelling path. Engagement between the perimeter ramp 27 (Figures 1 and 2) and the egg shaped roller 61 will move the meat stripper arm 57 about its pivot pin 63 into a closed position. When the egg roller 61 eventually moves beyond the perimeter ramp 27, the spring 65 will move the meat stripper arm 57 back to its open position.
The carrier 11 in Figures 3, 4 and 6 is illustrated in its operative position on the meat stripper module 5, as if it were a part thereof. Indeed the engagement between the carrier 11 and meat stripper module 5 is such that these work together as a single unit, during the entire duration of their mutual engagement. From the front elevation of Figure 3 it will be seen that the carrier 11 may be provided with conveyor chain links 67 for interconnecting with adjacent carriers 11. It is further seen in Figures 3 and 4 that the second knuckle gripper carrier 41 may optionally be provided with a guiding protrusion 69 which guides the meat stripper arm 57 by engaging between its spaced pair of arm members 57A and 57B (see Figure 3).
Referring now to Figure 6, the same meat stripper module 5 of Figures 3 and 4 is shown in an isometric view with the meat stripper arm 57 (of Figures 3 and 4) and the guiding protrusion 69 deleted for clarity. This reveals in Figure 6 the mechanism of the actual knuckle gripper 71.
Figure 5 shows a map of the upper intermediate and lower cam tracks
31, 33, 35 as an unwound circumferential surface of the cam drum 7. At a right hand end of Figure 5, the conveyor chain carriers 11 have just engaged their respective deboning module 5, when the combined unit moves in the direction of arrow 73. The first guide roller 45 and the second guide roller 47 are engaged in their relevant cam tracks 31 and 33 respectively. From a first interval 75 this results in the first and second knuckle gripper carriers 39, 41 to move together towards the animal part carrier 11. The knuckle gripper 71, as shown in Figure 6, has first and second knuckle gripper jaws 77 and 79. Each of the first and second knuckle gripper jaws 77, 79 is mounted on a relevant knuckle gripper scissor arm 81, 83, pivoted about a common central pivot pin 85. When the deboner module 5 is moved from first interval 75 to second interval 87 (Figure 5), the first and second jaws 77, 79 of the knuckle gripper 71 remain in the open position shown in Figure 6 and are moved over the first knuckle B of the animal part (Figure 7). The animal part, when in position on the carrier 11, is engaged with its first knuckle B above the first stripper jaw 13, with the sleeve of meat D below the first stripper jaw 13. The first stripper jaw 13 as seen in Figure 6 can have an exchangeable slotted insert 89 to be able to adapt the deboner/meat stripper modules to different bone sizes. It is also conceivable that the slotted insert 89 is made of flexible material. In a preferred embodiment however the slotted insert 89 is of stainless steel and with its downwardly directed face covered with a wear resistant material, such as Nylon, for the rotatable meat cutter 51 to engage against. A similar slotted insert may be provided in the second meat stripper jaw 59. Once the first and second gripper jaws 77, 79 have moved close enough to the first meat stripper jaw 13, movement from the second interval 87 towards a third interval 91 of the cam drum 7 (see Figure 5), moves the first knuckle gripper carrier 39 back, relative to the second knuckle gripper carrier 41, which closes the knuckle gripper 71 about a bone shaft A.
As seen in Figure 6, the first knuckle gripper carrier 39 has an extension 93 having a lower end provided with a transversely extending pin 94 commonly engaged in elongate first and second slots 95, 97 in the first and second knuckle gripper arms 81, 83. Translatory movement of the extension 93 and pin 94 from the position illustrated in Figure 6 will align the elongate slots 95, 97 and thereby close the knuckle gripper jaws 77, 79, through the respective first and second scissor arms 81, 83.
From the third interval 91 onwards, the knuckle gripper jaws 77, 79 are closed. At a fourth interval 99 (see Figure 5) the knuckle gripper 71 is withdrawn a small distance by the upper and intermediate cam tracks 31, 33 to enable lowering of the second meat stripper jaw 59, of which the egg shaped roller 61 has started to engage the perimeter ramp 27. Also at the fourth interval 99, the lower cam track 35 starts to advance the meat cutter carrier 43 and thereby to move the circumferential meat cutter 51 towards the first and second meat stripper jaws 13, 59. While the circumferential cutter 51 is advanced between the fourth interval 99 and a fifth interval 101 also the knuckle gripper 71 is moved upwardly and away from the meat stripper jaws 13, 59 by the first and second guide rollers 45, 47 following the upper and intermediate cam tracks 31, 33.
Because the meat stripper jaws 13, 59 are retained at a fixed level throughout their entire conveying path, the upward movement of the knuckle gripper strips the sleeve of meat towards the second knuckle C of the bone shaft A, by effectively pulling the bone shaft through the closed meat stripper jaws 13, 59. As such the sleeve of meat, still attached to the second knuckle C is collected at the lower side of the meat stripper jaws 13, 59, around the second knuckle C and gathered upwardly of the meat support shelve 15. At the fifth interval 101 the knuckle gripper 71 has reached its maximum distance from the meat stripper jaws 13, 59.
From the fifth interval 101 onward, the circumferential meat cutter 51 completes its movement towards the first and second meat stripper jaws 13, 59 until it reaches a sixth interval 103. Starting at the sixth interval 103 the toothed pinion 53 of the meat cutter 51 will also engage the toothed segment 29 (see Figures 2 and 5) and continued movement of the deboning modules 5 around the cam drum 7 will thereby result in rotation of each of the pinions 53 by the toothed segment 29.
During initial cutting of the circumferential meat cutter 51, the knuckle gripper 71 may also be pre-tensioned or spring biased for slight further upward movement to ensure that the second knuckle C is moved upwardly during the circumferential cutting step, irrespective of the exact length of the bone shaft D, which may vary between one and the other animal part. At a seventh interval 105, as indicated in Figure 5, the circumferential cutter 51 will have moved beyond the toothed segment 29 and has also been returned to its initial position. From the seventh interval 105 onward the upper cam track 31 moves again back towards the intermediate cam track 33, which releases the grip of the knuckle gripper jaws 77, 79 after which the bone may be removed from the carrier 11 and the gathered sleeve of meat D from between the first meat stripper jaw 13 and the meat support shelve 15. At this stage the second meat stripper jaw 59 by its arm 57 and egg shaped roller 61 may also become released from the perimeter ramp 27 and opened by spring 65.
It will be clear that references in the above to upper, lower, lifting, raising and lowering have been chose for ease of reference in describing the present vertical embodiment. It should however also be clear to the skilled person that when a horizontal embodiment in the manner of US 5,782,685 is used, these orientational references are to be construed to then have a meaning commensurate with the different horizontal orientation.
Accordingly in operation the method performed by the apparatus 1 includes the steps of engaging the bone of the animal part with a part of a meat stripper (such as the first meat stripper jaw 13) between its first knuckle (B) and the sleeve of meat (D) and engaging the bone by the knuckle gripper 71, and its jaws 77, 79, between the part of the meat stripper (13) and the first knuckle (B). The method continues with moving the meat stripper (preferably the first meat stripper jaw 13 complimented by the second meat stripper jaw 59) and the knuckle gripper 71 away from one another, while stripping and gathering the sleeve of meat (D) towards the second knuckle (C). In a subsequent step the moving away of the meat stripper (13) and knuckle gripper 71 from one another is discontinued upon the part of the meat stripper (13) engaging the second knuckle (C). A further method step then advances the meat cutter 51 in a direction towards the meat stripper (13) opposite of the knuckle gripper 71 and cuts the sleeve of meat (D) gathered by the meat stripper (13) circumferentially around the second knuckle (C). The method finishes by retracting the meat cutter 51, disengaging the knuckle gripper 71, by opening of its jaws 77, 79, by removing the bone from the gathered sleeve of meat (D) and from the meat stripper (13), and by collecting the gathered sleeve of meat (D) for further processing.
A particular advantage of the method and apparatus for performing the above steps is that the stripped meat does not need any additional manual processing steps for removing remnants of cartilage or gristle as was hitherto necessary. In case of a poultry thigh the kneecap will remain attached to the bone.
It is thus believed that the operation and construction of the present invention will be apparent from the foregoing description. The invention is not limited to any embodiment herein described and, within the purview of the skilled person; modifications are possible which should be considered within the scope of the appended claims. Kinematic inversions are also considered inherently disclosed and to be within the scope of the present invention. The term comprising when used in this description or the appended claims should not be construed in an exclusive or exhaustive sense but rather in an inclusive sense. Expressions such as: "means for ..." should be read as: "component configured for or: "member constructed to and should be construed to include equivalents for the structures disclosed. The use of expressions like: "critical", "preferred", "especially preferred", etc. is not intended to limit the invention. Features which are not specifically or explicitly described or claimed may be additionally included in the structure according to the present invention without deviating from its scope.