Field of Technology

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for spinning of staple fiber yarn that is used in the textile industry and particularly in spinning.

Pre-existing state of technology

There is a known method and an apparatus / 1/ for producing of yarn from staple fibers in a process of combing by separating the fibers, drawing and twisting in which the fibrous sliver is delivered by a feeding roller and a feeding table, then it is separated in bundles of fibers by a fest-rotating spiked roller, as the fibers are superimposed on a perforated roller as a continuous fibrous sliver which is then twisted by the vortex air chamber.

The disadvantage of the method and the device is that it is complicated technically and constructively.

Another disadvantage of this method lies in the fact that it disturbs the integrity of the fibrous sliver.

Another drawback of the method is that during the passage of the fibers the parallelism of the fibers is disturbed by the separating roller of the perforated assembling roller.

Another disadvantage of the method lies in the fact that it cannot achieve straightening of the fibers so that they can be retained in this conditioa

Another drawback of the method lies in the feet that it cannot provide sufficient control of the movement of the fibers during the process of combing and drawing out

Technical Character of the Invention

The aim- of the invention is to create a method for producing a staple fiber yarn in a short technological process of combing, drawing and twisting, in which a fibrous sliver is produced without breaking the linkage between the fibers in order to keep their parallelism as a result of a constant increase of their speed. At the same time

a high drawing of the fibrous sliver is performed and a subsequent strong twisting of the cores around the wrapping fibers and as a result of this the yarn is produced, similar to the traditional, with high-speed of spinning.

The task is solved by a method for producing a staple fiber yarn, where the fibrous sliver, supplied by a feed roller and feeding table is combed and recombed by a spiked roller, then it is pulled out by a pair of output rollers, and finally it is twisted strongly by a twisting element.

According to the invention, after the feeding zone a continuous fibrous sliver is formed in a zone of combing and main drawing, after which the fibrous sliver passes through transfer and additional drawing zones, as the speed of the movement of the fibers increases continuously in the zones of combing- and main drawing , transfer and additional drawing , thus constant control of the fiber movement is ensured after which the fibrous sliver is twisted by a high-speed twisting moment in the twisting zone, thereby achieving the formation of the yarn with high speed.

The following is achieved by this method:

a) The feeding zone ensures secure clamping of the fibrous sliver up to the exit of the rear end of the fibers from the zone, and the latter is formed depending on the type of the fibers;

b) During the combing and the main drawing in the zone, the front ends of the fibers are combed; the main drawing is performed as a result of which a continuous fibrous sliver is formed with the required thickness and constant control of the movement of the fibers is ensured by the clothing of the combing roller, by the created air vortex in which the speed of the air increases, and by the additional large centrifugal force, resulting from the high speed of the combing roller,

c) in the transfer zone .the fibrous sliver passes from the needle clothing of the combing roller on the nearby drawing zone formed by the perforated surface of the pulling roller, as a result of the centrifugal force of the combing roller and the air flows around its clothing and, in some variants of the action of the air flow passing through the perforated surface of the combing roller and drawn in by the strong vacuum inside the pulling roller, as the roller is moving faster than the combing roller and so the fibers are maintained in a tension condition;

d) in the drawing zone the fibers are drawn further as their front ends reach the drawing line between the pair of rollers, thus the rear ends of the fibers are being combed, and along with the drawing the fibers are packed in two fibrous streams consisting of main fibers and fastening fibers and at the end they are connected and packed together,

e) the fibrous sliver enters the access chamber and in the twisting zone, and in the access chamber the distribution of the twists is limited, and in the twisting zone, the supporting fibers are strongly twisted around the main ones under the influence of the twisting moment created by rotation to high speed mechanical twist chamber as a result of this the yam is produced with a structure similar to the traditional and with high speed of spinning, while in another variant the twisting moment can be created by vortex twist chamber,

t) in the beginning of the zone of combing a zone for separation of the miscellaneous impurities from the fibers, can be formed depending on their type and condition ;

g) at the end of the zone of combing a zone for additional combing of the fibers can be formed in order to improve their parallelism.

The apparatus for carrying out the method consists of a feed zone,

formed as a part of a common closed corpus, in which the zone for combing and main drawing are placed as well as the zone for transfer of the fibers from the needling surface of the pulling roller, and on that surface a zone for additional drawing is formed , close after it the access chamber is placed , and afterwards the twisting zone is formed, in which the rapidly moving micro spindle is mounted, then an extra spinning vortex chamber is placed, while in another version swirl twisting chamber is formed in the twisting zone. The zones in the apparatus are made of as follows :

a) the feeding zone is formed by a feeding roller, a feeding table, a clamping device and inlet funnel mounted between them and limited by an adjusting bolt;

b) the zone for combing and main drawing is formed by the combing roller which has a smaller diameter and is covered with a needle clothing with an angle of the teeth, for example□ = from -10D up to + 25D, determined according to the type of the fibers, and , e.g., a = 0.1 to 1.2 mm, near to the clothing the concentric surface of the closing corpus is formed , and the end of the feeding zone is the access of the combing sector formed eccentrically on the clothing of the roller, as the width of its section decreases from the beginning to the end, and the length of the combing zone is determined by the length of the fibers;

c) the zone for the separation of the foreign impurities can be formed as a tangential channel ;

d) the zone fir additional combing of the fibers can be shaped like a cylindrical air chamber at the end of the combing sector that is laterally closed ;

e) the transfer zone is formed contracting from the end of the combing sector to the beginning of the body of the pneumatic chamber in the direction of the fiber movement , and in it enters the clothing of the combing roller and the nearby placed perforated surface of the drawing roller , the combing roller can have perforated surface and placed in it pneumatic nozzle, and the pneumatic chamber is connected to the stratospheric air, forming air flow resulting from the vacuum created in the pulling roller and for this purpose a narrow slot is shaped ; f) the combing sector, the body of the pneumatic chamber ,the closing case, the feeding table, the pressure apparatus^ the access funnel and the limiting screw are mounted on an adjustable plate corresponding to the specified length of the processed fibers as in the plate there are through holes for the working rollers and holes for mounting ;

g) in the case for bearing threaded holes for mounting are formed as well as the hole for the bearing of the drawing roller , the hole for the bearing of the pressing roller and the hole for the bearing of the combing roller , concentrically to the combing roller guiding surfaces are formed and the carrier is mounted there. The sliding body for changing the balance is placed on the carrier and in the sliding body the hole for the power roller bearing is formed and the carrier is fixed at a certainangle from the bolt ;

h) the drawing zone is formed on the perforated surface of the drawing roller, under which the diaphragm is mounted, continuing a little bit after the drawing line in order to suck the fiber supporting ends and the length of the zone is determined by the fiber length;

i) the twisting zone is formed at the end of the access chamber, the inlet of which has an extension that is shifted downwards under the axis of the twisting zone, and at the end it there are openings for vacuum creating and ends with a needle which enters closely, for example x = - 0,5mm ÷ 2,5 mm , to the twisting mechanical chamber placed at a distance from and below the drawing line, that is like a high-speed micro spindle, for example pneumatic, placed in the body and rotated by high pressure air, which has a small diameter, for example from 1,5 mm to 10 mm, and can rotate at high speeds, for e.g., up to 2 000 000 rev / min; after the spindle an additional twist vortex chamber is mounted and placed eccentrically to the spindle; it can be used for spinning the yam at the beginning of the process or in case of breaking of the yam ;

j) in another variant in the twisting zone, after the access chamber, an air twisting chamber with tangential openings is formed for production of the twisting moment , while in the twisting chamber which is mounted at a distance from and below the drawing axis , a vortex spinning chamber is placed where two separate inlet aerial holes are formed for supplying high pressure to the tangential openings in order to create another twisting vortex.

The advantages of the proposed method for obtaining a staple fiber yam according the invention consist in the fact that the technological process of combing, drawing and twisting is short , and it forms fibrous sliver in a continuous process with a very high drawing, without disturbing the connection between the fibers.

Another advantage is that the fibers move with constantly increasing speed which achieves straightening of the fibers and their preservation in this condition, and the control of the fibers is very good, including the short fibers and is followed by a strong twisting of the cores around the sheathed fibers , and a yam similar to the traditional is produced with high-speed of spinning.

Another advantage is that there is no crossing of the fibers on receiving surface, that could have lower speed and thereby disturb the parallelism of the fibers.

Another advantage is that the combing is performed in one zone by one roller, which provides better control of the fibers in a short process.

An advantage of the apparatus is the fact that it is not complicated constructively and it is easy to operate.

Another advantage of the apparatus is that it can easily be readjusted according to the type of the fibers.

Brief description of the attached figures

The apparatus is described in detail by the attached figures wherein:

Figure 1 - a schematic plan of the method and the apparatus

Figure 2 - a schematic plan of the process of combing and the main drawing of the fibers

Figure 3 - a schematic plan of the process of additional combing of the fibers

Figure 4- a schematic plan of the process of combing and main drawing of the fibers

Figure 5 - a schematic plan of the process of combing, main drawing, transferring and additional drawing of the fibers

Figure 6 - a schematic plan of possible variation of the transferring zone of the fibers

Figure 7 - a schematic plan of possible variation of the cleaning zone

Figure 8 - a schematic design plan of the method and the apparatus

Figure 9 - a schematic design plan of the regulating carrier plate

Figure 10 -a pictorial view of the combing sector Figure 11 - a pictorial view of the body of the pneumatic cylinder chamber

Figure 12 - a schematic design plan of the corpus for bearing of the items

Figure 13 - a schematic plan of the cross-section of the high-speed micro spindle

Figure 14 - a schematic plan of longitudinal section of the high-speed micro spindle

Figure 15 - a schematic plan of horizontal section of the apparatus

Figure 16 - a pictorial view of the high-speed micro spindle

Figure 17 - a schematic design plan of vertical section of the apparatus

Figures 18,18a and 18b - a schematic design plan of another variation of the apparatus ,e.g. with vortex twisting chamber

Examples for implementation of the invention

In the method for producing of staple fiber yarn after the feeding zone φ, continuous fibrous sliver 1 is formed in a zone of combing and main drawing a after that the fibrous sliver 1 passes through transfer zones δ and additional drawing ε , as the speed V0, VI and V2, of the movement of the fibers 1 increases continuously in the zones of combing and main drawing a, tramferring δ and additional drawing ε and provides constant control of the fiber movement , men the fibrous sliver 2 is twisted by high speed twisting moment M in the twisting zone μ , thus achieving the formation of the yam 3 with high-speed.

According to the method the following is performed in the zones :

a) the feed zone φ provides a secure clamping of the fibrous sliver 10 till the rear end of the fibers 1 exits from the zone, and it is formed depending on the type of fibers 1 ;

b) in the combing and main drawing in the zone a P the fiber front ends are combed, main drawing is performed VI» V0 as a result of which one constant fibrous sliver 1 with the necessary thickness is formed and constant control of the fibers movement is ensured by the clothing of the combing roller 5 , by the created vacuum vortex Ql, where the speed of the air increases and by the large centrifugal force F, as a result of the high rev. of the combing roller 5 ;

c) in the transfer zone δ the fibrous sliver 1 passes from the needle clothing 4 of the combing roller 5 over the nearly located c zone of drawing ε , formed by the perforated surface 6 of the drawing roller 7 , as a result of the centrifugal force F of the combing roller 5 and the air flows Ql, Q and Q2 around its clothing and in some variants as a result of the influence of the air flow 21 , passing through the perforated surface 22 of the combing roller 5 and drawn by the strong vacuum Q2 inside the drawing roller 7 , as the roller 7 moves faster than the combing roller 5 and thus the fibers 1 are maintained in tension condition;

d ) in the drawing zone ε the fibers 1 are additionally drawn V2 > VI, when their front ends reach the drawing line O - O between the drawing pair 7 - T, thus the fiber rear ends are combed 2 , and simultaneously with the drawing the fibers 2 are packed in two fibrous streams consisting of main fibers n and fastening fibers m ,and at the end they are connected and packed together s ; e) the fibrous strip 2 enters the access chamber 8 and in the twisting zone μ ,as in the access chamber the distribution of the twists is limited 29, and in the twisting zone μ, the fastening fibers M are strongly twisted around the main fibres n under the influence of the twisting moment M , created by the high speed rotation of the mechanical twisting chamber 9 , as a result of which yarn 3 is formed with structure similar to the traditional one and with high speed of spinning; in another variant the twisting moment M can be created by the vortex twisting chamber28;

f) in the beginning of the combing zone a a zone can be formed for separation of the foreign impurities from the fibers 1 ,depending on their type and condition

g) at the end of the combing zone a a zone can be formed for additional combing P2 of the fibers 1, improving their parallelism .

The apparatus for performing of the method consists of a feed zone φ , formed as a part of a common closed case 33 , where the zones for combing and main drawing a are placed and the transfer zone δ of the fibers of the needling surface 4 of the combing roller 5 on the surface 6 of the drawing roller 7 , and on that surface 6 a zone for additional drawing ε is formed, close after it the access chamber 8 isplaced, and then the zone for twisting μ , where the high speed micro spindle 9 is mounted ; an additional vortex twisting chamber 13 is placed after it, and in another variant

the vortex twisting chamber 28 is formed in the twisting zone μ .

The zones in the apparatus consist of the following parts:

a) the feed zone φ is formed by a feeding roller 14 , a feeding table 15 , a pressing device 41, and an inlet funnel 16, mounted between them and limited by the adjusting bolt 37;

b) the zone for combing and main drawing a is formed by the combing roller 5 , which has a smaller diameter and is covered with needle clothing 4, with an angle of the teeth, e.g. τ = from -10° to +25°, determined according to the type of the fibers 1 ,and close to the clothing 4 e.g. a= from 0,1 to 1,2 mm, the concentric surface CI of the closing case 33 is formed ; after the end of the feed zone φ the entry of the combing sector 12 is located , and it is formed eccentrically C2 on the roller clothing 5 , as the width of its section decreases from the begirining t to the end f , and the length of the combing zone a is determined by the length of the fibers 1;

c) the zone for separation of the foreign impurities can be formed as a tangential channel 20;

d) the zone for additional combing P2 of the fibers 1 can be formed as cylindrical air chamber 34 at the end of the combing sector 12, that is laterally closed ;

e) the zone for transfer δ is formed by narrowing from the end of the combing sector 12 to the beginning of the body 35 of the pneumatic chamber 11, in the direction of the movement of the fibers 1 , and the clothing 4 of the combing roller 5 enters in it and placed nearby with perforated surface 6 of the drawing roller 7; the combing roller 5 can have perforated surface 22 and placed inside pneumatic nozzle 23 ,while the pneumatic chamber 11 is connected with the atmospheric air, for the formation of the airflow Q resulting from the vacuum Q2 created in the drawing roller 7,and for this purpose a narrow slot 36 is formed;

f) the combing sector 12, the body 35 of the pneumatic chamber 11, the closing case 33, the feeding table 15, the pressing device 41, the inlet funnel 16 and the stop screw 37 are mounted on an adjustable plate 40 corresponding to the determined length of the processed fibers 1, and in plate 40 passage holes are formed for the working rollers 47\46' and 45' and holes 44 for mounting;

g) in the bearing case 42 threaded holes for mounting 43 are formed as well as the hole 45 for the bearing of the drawing roller 7, the hole 53 for bearing of the pressing roller T and the hole 46 for the bearing of the combing roller 5, and concentrically to the combing roller 5 the guiding surfaces 51 and 52 are formed on which the carrier 49 is mounted and over it the sliding body 48 for changing the alignment d is placed , and in the sliding body 48 the hole 47 for the bearing of the feeding roller 14 is formed ;the carrier is fixed to specified angle τ by the bolt 50 ;

h) the drawing zone ε is formed on perforated surface 6 of the drawing roller 7, below which the diaphragm 17 is mounted ,and which lasts a little η after the drawing line 0-0 , in order to intake the fastening ends M of the fibers 1 , and the length of the zone ε is determined from the length of the fibers 1 ;

i) the twisting zone μ is formed at the end of the access chamber 8 ,and the access chamber entry has an extensioaw and is displaced downward below the axis o-o of the twisting zone μ ;at the end there are holes 18 for creating vacuum and ends with a needle 29, that enters closely, e.g. x = - 0,5MM ÷ 2,5 mm , to the twisting mechanical chamber 9 , placed at a distance 1 and b from and below the drawing line 0-0 , and representing high rev. micro spindle 9, e.g. pneumatic , placed in a body 19 and rotated by air with high pressure 26, and that spindle has a small diameter, e.g. from 1,5 mm to 10 mm , and it can rotate with high rev., e .g , up to 2000000 rev/min, and after the spindle 9 an additional vortex twist chamber 13 is mounted , placed eccentrically on the spindle 9 , and that can be used for spinning of the yam 3 at the beginning of the process or in case of breaking of the yam;

j) in another variant in the twisting zone u, after the access chamber 8 an air twisting chamber 28 is formed with tangential holes 30 for production of the twisting moment M, and in the twisting chamber 28 , mounted at a distance 1 and b from and below the axis of drawing O-O, the vortex spinning chamber 13 is placed, where two separate access aerial holes 31 and 24 are formed for supplying air with high pressure to the tangential openings 32 and 25, for creating of another twisting vortex N.

Application of the invention

The methodand apparatus for producing a staple fiber yam is performed in a process of combing, drawing and twisting, and operates in the following manner. The combing and the main drawing of the fibers 1 from the fibrous sliver 10 is performed in the zone a, produced by the combing surface 12 and the needle clothing 4, as a result of the high-speed of rotation of the roller 5 , as the fibers are strongly compressed and continuously supplied by the roller 14 . When the fiber rear end leaves the compression line due to the friction force between the fibers themselves and the friction force with the clothing 4, the fibers are being drawn. The fibers with the combed front ends remain in the clothing 4 and form the continuous fibrous sliver 1, pressed by the small alignment with the end of the combing surface 12, after which, because of the large centrifugal force F and the air flows Ql , QFand Q2 they are pressed to the perforated surface of the drawing roller 7, and in some variants by the air 20 passing through the perforated surface 21 of roller 5 as a result of the strong vacuum inside the drawing roller 7. The fibrous sliver 1 passes

in zone δ from the needle clothing 4 of the roller 5 over the nearby perforated surface 6 of the drawing roller 7, that moves faster than the combing one 5 and thus the fibers are kept stretched and in parallel condition. When the front ends of the fibers 1 reach the drawing line 0 -0 between the drawing pair of rollers 7 - 7' in the zone ε, the fibers 1 are pulled, and along with this the rear ends are being combed in addition, after that the fibrous sliver 2 is packed in two fibrous streams consisting of main fibers n and fastening fibers M , and finally they are connected packed together s . The fibrous sliver 2 enters the access chamber 8 of the twisting zone μ , as in the chamber 8 the spreading of the torques is limited by the needle 29, and in the twisting zone μ the fastening fibers M strongly twist around the main fibers n, under the influence of the twisting moment M, produced by the rotation with high rev., e. g. 2000000 rev/min, of the mechanical twisting chamber 9 or in another variant by the vortex air chamber 13, as a result of this yarn 3 is formed with structure similar to the traditional one and with high speed of spinning.

References:

1. Patent CH 694332 , cl. D 01 H 005/28

Patent US 6058693 , cl. D 01 H 4/00

Patent WO 03/018887, cl. D01 H 1/115.