TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a method of assembling a container including a can end having enhanced openability.

BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of metal packaging, "easy open" ends for metal cans are well known. Typically, an easy open can end includes a pull tab and an approximately planar panel having a score line defining an opening area. To open a can having an easy open can end, a user may lift a handle of the pull tab to initiate fracture of the score line, and a user may subsequently pull the tab to partially or fully remove a portion of the panel, thereby creating an opening through which a user may access the contents.

[0003] Typically, the gap between the pull tab handle and the can end panel is very small. This small gap may make it difficult for a user to grasp the pull tab, because there may not be enough clearance under the pull tab for a user to insert a finger. Therefore, typical easy open cans may be difficult for a user to open.

[0004] There is a need for a method of assembling a container including a can end that may allow a user to more easily insert a finger under the pull tab, thereby providing enhanced openability. SUMMARY

[0005] A method of forming a container having enhanced openability is disclosed, including a providing a can body, providing a can end having an approximately planar panel, a pull tab affixed to the panel, and a moveable portion disposed beneath a handle of the tab, the moveable portion being in a first position extending upwardly toward the handle, filling a comestible product into the can body at an elevated temperature, seaming the can end to the can body, and moving the moveable portion from the first position to a second position extending downwardly away from the handle, such that a gap is formed or enlarged between the moveable portion and the handle, enhancing accessibility to a user's finger, the moving being in response to internal negative pressure caused by cooling of the product within the can body.

[0006] The seaming step may include seaming a curl on the can body with a curl on the lid. The seaming step may include forming a double seam. The panel may include a score about its periphery for enabling opening. A nose of the pull tab may be disposed above a portion of the score, the pull tab being configured to open the can at the portion of the score when the handle is pulled by a user's finger. The moveable portion may include a downwardly inclined annular step. The downwardly inclined annular step may be inclined downwardly at between 8 and 17 degrees. The downwardly inclined annular step may include a drop of between 0.007 and 0.013 inches. The downwardly inclined annular step may be located half-way between the periphery of the moveable portion and the center of the moveable portion. A pressure inside the container may be 500 mbars less than an ambient pressure outside the container.

[0007] These and various other advantages and features are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed hereto and forming a part hereof. However, for a better understanding of the invention, its advantages, and the objects obtained by its use, reference should be made to the drawings which form a further part hereof, and to the accompanying descriptive matter, in which there are illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] FIG. IA is a perspective view of a container including a can end seamed onto a can body, according to the present invention;

[0009] FIG. IB is a top perspective view of the can end depicted in FIG. IA;

[0010] FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view in the direction of arrows A-A for the can end of FIG. IB, showing a moveable portion in an up (convex) position; [0011] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view in the direction of arrows A-A for the can end of FIG. IB, showing a moveable portion in a down (concave) position;

[0012] FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the moveable portion and annular step of the can end of FIG. IB, showing a moveable portion in both up (convex) and down (concave) positions;

[0013] FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view of the container of FIG. IA, showing a moveable portion of the can end in an up (convex) position;

[0014] FIG. 3A is an example of a hydrostat retort that may be used to control the temperature and pressure during assembly of the container of FIG. IA; and

[0015] FIG. 3B is graph showing temperature and pressure inside and outside two example containers of FIG. IA during assembly in the hydrostat retort of FIG. 3 A.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE APPENDICES

[0016] Appendix A-I is a table showing the raw data collected from processing different food products in different types and sizes of containers through different retorts, and determining whether or not the moveable portions 40 toggled to the downward position P2.

[0017] Appendix A-2 is a table showing the raw data collected from processing different food products in different types and sizes of containers through different retorts, and determining whether or not the moveable portions 40 toggled to the downward position P2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

[0018] FIG. IA is a perspective view of a container including a can end seamed onto a can body, according to the present invention. FIG. IB is a top perspective view of the can end depicted in FIG. IA. Referring to Figures IA and IB to illustrate a preferred structure and function of the present invention, a container 10 includes a can end 12 and a can body 14. The can end 12 is attached to the can body 14 by a seam 16. The can end 12 defines a diameter Dl and includes an approximately planar panel 20 and a pull tab 30. The panel 20 includes a countersink 21, a chuck wall 22, a seaming panel 23, a score 24, an openable panel portion 25, beadings 26, and a moveable portion 40. The tab 30 includes a rivet 32, a handle 34, and a nose 36. The moveable portion 40 defines a diameter D2 and optionally includes a downwardly inclined annular step 42.

[0019] The container 10 may be made from any material, for example, steel, aluminum, or tin. The container 10 may contain or be configured to contain a comestible product (not shown), including ready meals, fruits, vegetables, fish, dairy, pet food, a beverage, or any other product that it is desirable to have stored in metal packaging such as the container 10. The container 10 may have any length, diameter, wall thickness, and volume. Preferably, the container 10 has a standard-sized interior volume that is known in the art for containing a comestible product such as ready meals, fruits, vegetables, fish, dairy, pet food, or a beverage.

[0020] The can end 12 may be made from any material, for example, steel, aluminum, or tin. The can end 12 preferably is formed from 0.21 mm gauge DR550N double-reduced steel. In the embodiment shown, the can end 12 defines a diameter Dl of 73 mm, although in other embodiments (not shown), the can end 12 may define a diameter Dl of any size, including, for example, 83 mm and 99mm. As shown in FIG. IB, the can end 12 includes an approximately planar panel 20 that is formed, pressed, and/or stamped to take a shape that may include several features.

[0021] The panel 20 includes a countersink 21 near the periphery of the panel 20. Towards the periphery of the panel 20, the countersink 21 extends upward into a chuck wall 22, and the chuck wall 22 extends radially outward to form a seaming panel 23. The seaming panel 23 is configured to allow the can end 12 to be attached to the top of a can body 14 via a seam 16, which is formed by bending a portion of the seaming panel 23 around the top of the can body 14. In a preferred embodiment, the can end 12 is seamed to the can body 14 via seaming means that are known in the art (e.g., double seaming). Towards the center of the panel 20, the countersink 21 extends upward and inward towards a substantially circular score 24 that defines the periphery of an openable panel portion 25.

[0022] When the openable panel portion 25 is partially or completely detached from the remainder of the panel 20, the score 24 and/or the openable panel portion 25 define an opening (not shown), through which the comestible product (not shown) may be removed from the can body 14. As shown in FIG. IB, the score 24 defines a continuous loop without having a break or gap, thereby allowing the openable panel portion 25 to be completely detached from the remainder of the panel 20. However, in other embodiments (not shown), the score 24 may define a partial loop, such that the openable panel portion 25 can only be partially detached from the remainder of the panel 20.

[0023] As shown in FIG. IB, the openable panel portion 25 extends over most of the panel 20, and the moveable portion 40 is located within the openable panel portion 25. However, in other embodiments (not shown), the openable panel portion 25 may extend over a small portion of the panel 20 (e.g., the openable panel portion 25 may create a small aperture through which a user drinks a beverage), and the moveable portion 40 may be located outside of the openable panel portion 25.

[0024] As shown in FIG. IB, the panel 20 includes one or more beadings 26, which preferably are substantially in the form of downwardly inclined annular or part-annular steps. In FIG. IB, three beadings 26 are shown, but in other embodiments, any number of beadings 26 may be defined by the shape of the panel 20. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that the beading may provide the panel 20 with increased strength to resist buckling due to impact to the container 10 or a pressure differential across the can end 12.

[0025] The can end 12 includes a pull tab 30, located on the outer surface of the can end 12. The tab 30 is coupled to the panel 20 by a rivet 32. The tab 30 defines a handle 34, disposed towards the center of the panel 20, and a nose 36, disposed towards the periphery of the panel 20. The tab 30 may be actuated by a user to allow the user to remove some or all of the comestible product (not shown) from the can body 14. The tab 30 may be actuated by a user grasping or looping a finger under the handle 34 and pulling the handle 34 away from the panel 20 in the direction of the arrow A, thereby rotating the tab 30 about the rivet 32. As the handle 34 moves away from the panel 20, the nose 32 of the tab 30 is forced down towards the panel 20, pushing down on the panel 20 approximately at or adjacent to the score 24, thereby rupturing a first portion of the score 24. Subsequently, the user pulls the handle 34 in the direction of the arrow B, thereby rupturing a second portion of the score 24 and defining an opening (not shown) by removing all or part of the openable panel portion 25 from the remainder of the panel 20.

[0026] As shown in FIG. IB, a moveable portion 40 defines a diameter D2 and is defined in the panel 20. In the embodiment shown in FIG. IB, the moveable portion 40 is located towards the center of the panel 20, and the moveable portion 40 is located within the openable panel portion 25. However, in other embodiments (not shown), such as beverage container embodiments, the moveable portion 40 may be located anywhere on the panel 20, including, for example, a location outside the openable panel portion 25. In the embodiment shown in FIG. IB, the moveable portion 40 is generally circular in plan. However, in other embodiments (not shown), the moveable portion 50 may have other shapes in plan, e.g., an elliptical or an irregular shape.

[0027] The moveable portion 40 includes a downwardly inclined annular step 42. As shown in FIG. IB, the annular step 42 is located at the periphery of the moveable portion 40. However, in other embodiments (not shown), the annular step 42 may be located further towards the center of the moveable portion 40, such that the diameter of the annular step 42 is less than the diameter D2 of the moveable portion 40. The annular step 42 preferably is located between the periphery of the moveable portion 40 and a location half-way towards the center of the moveable portion 40 (i.e., having a diameter of 0.5 *D2). In the embodiment shown, the annular step 42 defines a diameter ranging between 21.8 mm (inner diameter) and 24.1 mm (outer diameter).

[0028] As shown in FIG. IB, the annular step 42 defines a continuous loop without having a break or gap. However, in other embodiments (not shown), the annular step 42 may define two or more discontinuous annular step portions, each separated by a gap. As shown in FIG. IB, the moveable portion 40 includes only a single annular step 42. However, in other embodiments (not shown), the moveable portion 40 may include any number of annular steps 42. As shown in FIG. IB, the annular step 42 is circular in plan. However, in other embodiments (not shown), the annular step 42 may have other shapes in plan, e.g., an elliptical or an irregular shape. The annular step 42 preferably has a linear cross-section (this can be most easily viewed in FIGs. 2A-2C). However, in other embodiments (not shown), the annular step 42 may have a curved cross-section.

[0029] FIGs. 2A and 2B are cross-sectional views in the direction of arrows A-A for the can end of FIG. IB, with a moveable portion in an up (convex) position and a down (concave) position, respectively. FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional view of the moveable portion and annular step of the can end of FIG. IB, showing a moveable portion in both up (convex) and down (concave) positions. FIG. 2D is a cross-sectional view of the container of FIG. IA, showing a moveable portion of the can end in an up (convex) position.

[0030] Referring to Figures 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D, a can end 12 includes an approximately planar panel 20 having a moveable portion 40, and a pull tab 30 having a handle 34. The bottom surface of the handle 34 and the upper surface of the moveable portion 40 define a first gap Gl when the moveable portion 40 is in the up position Pl, and the bottom surface of the handle 34 and the upper surface of the moveable portion 40 define a second gap G2 when the moveable portion is in the down position P2. The difference between the first gap Gl and the second gap G2 is shown in FIG. 2C as the gap difference ΔG. When the moveable portion 40 is in the down position, the annular step 42 is inclined downward at an angle α to the horizontal, which is preferably between eight and seventeen degrees to the horizontal. In the embodiment shown, the angle α is 12.5 degrees to the horizontal. The space between the can end 12 and a product 18 (after seaming of the can end 12 onto a can body 14) is shown in FIG. 2D as a headspace 19.

[0031] When the moveable portion 40 is in the up position Pl, the first gap Gl between the pull tab handle 34 and the moveable portion 40 may be very small, for example, 2 mm. This relatively small first gap Gl may make it difficult for a user to grasp the pull tab handle 34, because there may not be enough clearance under the pull tab for a user to insert a finger. When the moveable position 40 is in the down position P2, the second gap G2 between the pull tab handle 34 and the moveable portion 40 may be substantially larger than the first gap Gl . This larger second gap G2 preferably is large enough to make it easy for a user to grasp the pull tab handle 34, because there may be enough clearance under the pull tab handle 34 for a user to insert part of a finger.

[0032] The moveable portion 40 preferably has only two stable positions (bi-stable), i.e., the up position Pl (shown in FIG. 2A) and the down position P2 (shown in FIG. 2B). When the can end 12 is manufactured, the moveable portion 40 may be disposed in either the up or down position, depending on the particular forming method chosen. Before seaming of the can end 12 onto the can body 14, the moveable portion 40 preferably is disposed in the up position Pl, because the can ends 12 may be more densely stacked when the moveable portion 40 is disposed in the up position. When the container 10 is sold to a user, the moveable portion 40 is preferably disposed in the down position P2, in order to provide the larger second gap G2 between the handle 34 and the moveable portion 40 to accommodate a user's finger.

[0033] In order to toggle the moveable portion 40 from the up position Pl to the down position P2, a force F may be applied, generally in a downward direction, to the moveable portion 40 (as shown in FIG. 2C), thereby increasing the size of the first gap Gl by a gap difference ΔG to become the second gap G2. The force F preferably arises from a pressure differential across the can end 12, where the pressure on the upper side of the can end 12 (outside the container) is higher than the pressure on the lower side of the can end 12 (inside the container). In other embodiments, the force F may arise from a mechanical force applied to the upper side of the moveable portion 40. Under some processing conditions, the force F may be a pressure differential across the can end 12 for a first set of containers 10 in a processing batch, while the force F may be a mechanical force applied to the upper side of the moveable portion 40 for a second set of the containers 10 in the processing batch (e.g., those containers 10 that still have a moveable portion 40 in the up position Pl after initial processing). [0034] In some embodiments, it is desirable that the can ends 12 be transported to the product-filling facility with the moveable portion 40 in the up position Pl . While the can ends 12 may be formed with the moveable portion 40 in either the up position P2 or the down position P2, the can ends 12 may be more easily stacked for transportation with the moveable portions 40 in the up position Pl . For example, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2D, during stacking of the can ends 12, the tab 30 of a lower can end 12 (with the moveable portion 40 in the up position Pl) may nest into the bottom surface of the moveable portion 40 (in the up position Pl) of an upper can end. In some embodiments, it may be necessary for the moveable portions 40 to be disposed in the up position Pl to prevent damage to the tabs 30 during processing, such as when using a reel and spiral retort.

[0035] As shown in TABLE 1, the presence of an annular step 42 included in the moveable portion 40 may allow the moveable portion 40 to stay in the "down" position under a greater variety of post- filling pressure conditions than if an annular step 42 was not included. To produce the data shown in TABLE 1, tests were performed using can end 12 designs (with and without an annular step 42) having a diameter Dl of 73 mm, each can end 12 made of 0.21 mm gauge, double-reduced (DR) tinplate to material specification DR550N. The presence of an annular step 42 may allow a container 10 to better withstand impacts and/or high-altitude transportation (at lower ambient pressure) without the moveable portion 40 toggling back into the up position Pl. If the containers 10 are shipped to a high-altitude location, for example, the lower atmospheric pressure may lower the pressure differential across the can ends 12, increasing the chance that the moveable portions 40 may toggle back into the up position Pl . While not being bound by theory, the presence of an annular step 42 may increase the pressure differential across the can end 12 that is required to toggle the moveable portion 40 back into the up position Pl.

TABLE 1

[0036] FIG. 3A is an example of a hydrostat retort that may be used to control the temperature and pressure during assembly of the container of FIG. IA. Referring to FIG. 3A, a hydrostat retort system 50 includes a preheat leg 51, a steam leg 52, and a cooling leg 53. The preheat leg 51 includes a first water column 54. The cooling leg 53 includes a second water column 55. As shown in FIGs. 3 A, a hydrostat retort system 50 may be used to control the temperature and pressure of a container 10 during the filling process. However, in other embodiments, any retort system may be used, including a batch retort, a reel and spiral retort, and a hydrolock retort.

[0037] FIG. 3B is graph showing temperature and pressure inside and outside two example containers of FIG. IA during assembly in the hydrostat retort of FIG. 3 A. Referring to FIG. 3B, a temperature and pressure graph 60 includes a retort temperature curve 61, a retort pressure curve 62, a first can pressure curve 63, and a second can pressure curve 64. The retort temperature curve 61 includes a cool-down period 65. The retort pressure curve 62 includes an over-pressure period 66. The first can pressure curve 63 and the second can pressure curve 64 include a seaming time 67 (during which the containers 10 are seamed) and a low-pressure period 68. The second can pressure curve 64 includes a pressure jump 69.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 3B, the temperature and pressure graph 60 shows data for a two containers 10 (a first can and a second can), each filled with a product 18 having different process parameters, such as different amounts of headspace 19 and different product temperatures.

[0039] The retort temperature curve 61 shows the retort starting out at ambient temperature (for example, 25 ⁰ C), increasing and being held at a high temperature (which may kill any bacteria in the product 18), and then entering a cool-down period 65, during which the retort drops back down to the ambient temperature. The retort pressure curve 62 shows the retort starting at ambient pressure, increasing and being held at a high pressure (which may allow the product 18 to be heated to a higher temperature without the included water boiling), and then entering an over-pressure period, after which the retort drops back down to the ambient pressure.

[0040] The first can pressure curve 63 shows the output of a pressure sensor placed inside of a first container 10. The first can pressure 63 shows the can pressure starting out at ambient pressure (for example, atmospheric pressure), the pressure dropping slightly after the seaming time 67, the pressure increasing while the retort pressure curve 62 is increasing, and the pressure dropping during a low-pressure period 68 that coincides with the cool-down period 65 and the over-pressure period 66.

[0041] The second can pressure curve 64 shows the output of a pressure sensor placed inside of a second container 10. The second can pressure 64 shows the can pressure starting out at ambient pressure, the pressure dropping slightly after the seaming time 67, the pressure increasing while the retort pressure curve 62 is increasing (to a lower maximum pressure than the first can pressure curve 63, which may be due to a different amount of headspace 19 or a different initial product 18 temperature), and the pressure dropping during a low-pressure period 68 that coincides with the cool-down period 65 and the over-pressure period 66. The second can pressure curve 64 includes a pressure jump 69, which represents the point where the moveable portion 40 toggles from the up position Pl (shown in FIG. 2A) to the down position P2 (shown in FIG. 2B), momentarily slightly increasing the pressure in the second container 10.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 3B, the low-pressure period 68 of the first can pressure curve 63 and the second can pressure curve 64 may create a pressure differential across the can ends 12 that results in a force F acting downward on the moveable portion 40 (as shown in FIG. 2C). The low-pressure period 68 is created by the cooling of the steam that has collected in the headspace 19. If the pressure differential across the can ends 12 is high enough, for example, 500 or 800 mbar, then the force F acting downward on the moveable portion 40 may be sufficient to toggle the moveable portion 40 from the up position Pl to the down position P2, thereby allowing increased finger access under the tab 30 for a user.

[0043] Before the container 10 is seamed at the seaming time 67, a hot product 18 (at an initial equilibrium temperature, for example, of 50-70 ⁰ C, that is higher than the ambient temperature), which may include a food product and juice or water, is inserted into the can body 14. At the seaming time 67, a can end 12 is seamed onto the can body 14, trapping the hot product 18 (that may contain some steam) into the container 10. If the hot product 18 is not sufficiently hot (at an initial equilibrium temperature, for example, of 25-35 ⁰ C) to result in a high enough force F acting downward on the moveable portion 40 during the cool-down period 65, steam flow closing may be used during the seaming of the container 10 to allow sufficient steam to be trapped into the container 10 at the seaming time 67.

[0044] During the cool-down period 65, the container 10 is cooled down, gradually approaching ambient temperature. During the cool-down period 65, the steam that was trapped inside the container 10 at the seaming time 67 may be at a lower temperature than the initial temperature at seaming of the container 10. This lower temperature and resulting condensation of the steam trapped inside the container 10 may result in the low-pressure period 68 being below the initial pressure inside the container 10 at the seaming time 67.

[0045] In some embodiments, the presence of an over-pressure period 66 may not be required to produce a sufficient pressure differential across the can ends 12 to toggle the moveable portion 40 to the down position P2. During the cool-down period 65, the steam that may be present in the headspace 19 may condense, which may reduce the pressure inside of the container 10, as shown in FIG. 3B. This reduced pressure inside of the container 10 may produce a downward force F acting on the moveable portion 40, as long as the pressure inside the container 10 is less than the pressure outside of the container 10. In some embodiments, this lower internal pressure inside the container 10 due to the condensation of the steam in the headspace 19 may be sufficient to toggle the moveable portion 40 into the down position P2.

[0046] In some embodiments, during the low-pressure period 68, the combination of the temperature drop during the cool-down period 65 and the high retort pressure during the overpressure period 66 may both contribute to creating a pressure differential across the can ends 12 that results in a force F acting downward on the moveable portion 40. In such embodiments, it may be beneficial for toggling of the moveable portion 40 to have a over-pressure period 66 during the cool-down period 65. The amount of external pressure in the retort may be correlated to whether or not the moveable portion 40 toggles to the down position P2 during cool-down. For example, as shown in FIG. 3B, the retort pressure reaches a maximum pressure of approximately 3000 mbar, which may contribute to the force F acting downward on the moveable portion 40, combining with the reduction of pressure inside the container 10 that also may contribute to the force F acting downward on the moveable portion 40. If the combination of over-pressure in the retort and partial vacuum inside of the container 10 produces a high enough force F acting downward on the moveable portion 40, the moveable portion 40 may toggle into the desired downward position P2 during processing.

[0047] As shown in TABLE 2, data has suggested that when processing a batch of containers 10 of a design that does not include the optional annular step 42, a pressure differential across the can end 12 of at least 500 mbar may result in 100% of the containers 10 having their moveable portions 40 toggled to the down position P2. Data has suggested that when processing a batch of containers 10 of a design that include an annular step 42, a pressure differential across the can end 12 of at least 800 mbar may result in 100% of the containers 10 having their moveable portions 40 toggled to the down position P2. However, as will be discussed below, there are several process variables that may contribute to whether or not a particular set of containers 10 complete processing with their moveable portions 40 toggled to the down position P2, including, but not limited to, the diameter Dl of the can end 12, the type of product 18 contained in the container 10, the temperature of the product 18 contained in the container 10, the length of time during which the container 10 is cooled, the external pressure in the retort acting on the outside of the can end 12, and the headspace 19 (shown in FIG. 2D) between the product 18 and the can end 12 during processing. The effect of several process variable on whether or not the moveable portion 40 toggles to the down position P2 may be gleaned from a careful analysis of the data shown in Appendices A-I and A-2.

TABLE 2

[0048] As shown in TABLE 3, data has suggested that the diameter Dl of the can end 12 may be correlated to whether or not the moveable portion 40 toggles down to the down position P2 during cool-down following seaming and processing in a retort. TABLE 3 shows data of approximate pressure differentials across the can end 12 during hydrostat retort processing that have resulted in enough downward force acting on the moveable portion 40 to toggle the moveable portion 40 to the down position P2. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that it may take a higher force to toggle the moveable portion 40 in the particular designs of the can end 12 that have a larger diameter Dl, such as 99 mm, compared to a smaller force required to toggle the moveable portion 50 to the down position in the designs of the can end 12 that have a smaller diameter Dl, such as 73 mm.

TABLE 3

[0049] The degree of cooling while the containers 10 are in the over-pressure state in a retort may also be correlated to whether or not the moveable portion 40 toggles to the down position P2 during cool-down. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that containers 10 having a can end 12 with a larger diameter Dl, such as 99 mm, may retain more heat for a longer period of time than containers 10 having a can end 12 with a smaller diameter Dl, such as 73 mm. Therefore, in some designs of can ends 12 having larger diameters Dl, the larger diameter containers 10 may not reach a temperature that is close enough to ambient temperature (prior to removal of the over-pressure) to allow enough condensation of steam in the headspace 19 to create a sufficient pressure differential across the can end 12 to toggle the moveable portion 40 to the down position P2. For example, if the temperature in the containers 10 remains relatively high (e.g., 40 ⁰ C) before the over-pressure is removed, then there may not be a low enough pressure inside the container 10 to toggle the moveable portion. In some embodiments, even if the container 10 continues to cool down towards ambient temperature after the over-pressure is removed, the partial vacuum might not be great enough (without the over-pressure) to toggle the moveable portion 40 to the down position.

[0050] The type of product 18 contained in the container 10 and the temperature of the product and juice included in the product 18 may affect whether or not there will be sufficient force during processing to toggle the moveable portion 40 from the up position Pl to the down position P2. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that a juice temperature of at least 70 ⁰ C may allow sufficient steam to become trapped in the container 10 at the time of seaming to allow a sufficient vacuum to develop inside the container 10 after the container 10 begins to approach ambient temperature (for example, 25 ⁰ C). A partial vacuum (i.e., less than atmospheric pressure inside of the container 10) may develop in the container 10 due to cooling of the steam that was trapped in the container 10 at the time of seaming. When the steam at least partially condenses, it takes up less room in the container 10 and may create a partial vacuum.

[0051] The amount of headspace 19 contained in the container 10 between the produce 18 and the can end 12 may affect whether or not there will be sufficient force during processing to toggle the moveable portion 40 from the up position Pl to the down position P2. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that a headspace of approximately 5-10 mm may be sufficient to allow the moveable portion 40 to toggle to the down position P2 (see Appendices A- 1 and A-2 for detailed headspace data and corresponding results). If the headspace 19 contained in the container 10 at the time of seaming is higher, this may allow a greater amount of steam to be trapped inside the container 10 at the time of seaming, which may result in a lower pressure inside the container 10 after cooling and condensation of the steam inside the container 10. This lower pressure inside the container 10 may increase the likelihood that the moveable portion 40 will toggle to the down position P2.

[0052] In some embodiments, a portion of the containers 10 may complete retort processing with the moveable portions 40 in the up position Pl . In such embodiments, it may be desirable to add a mechanical push-down processing step to mechanically toggle the moveable portions 40 that are still in the up position Pl so that the moveable portions 40 can be shipped to consumers in the down position P2. For example, in one embodiment, there is a post-retort panel pusher comprising a driven wheel mounted over a slat conveyor (the wheel is driven to match the conveyor speed) that is arranged to push the moveable panels 40 down as the containers 10 pass under the wheel.

[0053] The foregoing description is provided for the purpose of explanation and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. While the invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments or preferred methods, it is understood that the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Furthermore, although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular structure, methods, and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, as the invention extends to all structures, methods and uses that are within the scope of the appended claims. Those skilled in the relevant art, having the benefit of the teachings of this specification, may effect numerous modifications to the invention as described herein, and changes can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, any features of one described embodiment can be applicable to the other embodiments described herein.

APPENDICES

[0054] Appendix A-I is a table showing the raw data collected from processing different food products in different types and sizes of containers through different retorts, and determining whether or not the moveable portions 40 toggled to the downward position P2.

Appendix A- 1 [0055] Appendix A-2 is a table showing the raw data collected from processing different food products in different types and sizes of containers through different retorts, and determining whether or not the moveable portions 40 toggled to the downward position P2.

Appendix A-2