Field of the invention

The invention relates to a method for constructing a closed steel sheet structure as defined in the preamble of independent claim 1.

The invention also relates to a closed steel sheet structure as defined in the preamble of independent claim 14.

Publication JP 2015-166515 presents steel plate concrete structure and a method for welding a steel plate and reinforcing steel material of the steel plate concrete structure. The steel plate concrete structure comprises a first steel plate and a second steel plate facing each other at a prescribed space, concrete filled in the space between the first steel plate and the second steel plate, and a reinforcing steel material which is placed between the first steel plate and the second steel plate and welded to each of the first steel plate and the second steel plate. The first steel plate and the first end (one end) of the reinforcing steel material are welded, the second end (the other end) of the reinforcing steel material is inserted in a hole formed through the second steel plate, and the inner circumferential face of the hole and the outer circumferential face of the reinforcing steel material are welded from the outside.

Objective of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide an improved method for constructing a closed steel sheet structure and a closed steel sheet structure, which is easy to manufacture.

Short description of the invention

The method for constructing a closed steel sheet structure of the invention is characterized by the definitions of independent claim 1.

Preferred embodiments of the method are defined in the dependent claims 2 to 13.

The closed steel sheet structure of the invention is correspondingly characterized by the definitions of independent claim 14.

Preferred embodiments of the closed steel sheet structure are defined in the dependent claims 15 to 26.

The invention is based on using profile members as reinforcement members for connecting the first steel plate to the second steel plate. Because profile members are used instead of tie bars as in publication JP 2005-166515, the closed steel sheet structure can be produced from a smaller amount of parts and consequently in a smaller amount of manufacturing steps. The profile members also provide for stiffness without a need for additional stiffness providing means. List of figures

In the following the invention will be described in more detail by referring to the figure, of which

Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure,

Figure 2 shows a first step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 1, in which first step a first steel plate is provided,

Figure 3 shows a second step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 1, in which second step the first steel plate is provided with headed studs projecting perpendicularly from a first inner surface of the first steel plate,

Figure 4 shows a third step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 1, in which third step a second steel plate is provided and the second steel plate is provided with first openings,

Figure 5 shows a fourth step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 1, in which fourth step the second steel plate is provided with headed studs projecting perpendicularly from a second inner surface of the second steel plate,

Figure 6 shows a fifth step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 1, in which fifth step the first steel plate is provided with reinforcing members and supporting members in the form of profile elements on the first inner surface of the first steel plate,

Figure 7 shows a first profile element of the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 1, Figure 8 shows a second profile element of the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 1 or alternative a first profile element or a second profile element of the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 15,

Figure 9 shows the connection between the first steel plate and the second steel plate in a first embodiment,

Figure 10 shows the connection between the first steel plate and the second steel plate in a second embodiment,

Figure 11 shows the connection between the first steel plate and the second steel plate in a third embodiment,

Figure 12 shows the connection between the first steel plate and the second steel plate in a fourth embodiment,

Figure 13 shows the connection between the first steel plate and the second steel plate in a fifth embodiment,

Figure 14 shows the connection between the first steel plate and the second steel plate in a sixth embodiment,

Figure 15 shows a second embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure,

Figure 16 shows a first step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 15, in which first step a first steel plate is provided, Figure 17 shows a second step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 15, in which second step the first steel plate is provided with headed studs projecting perpendicularly from a first inner surface of the first steel plate,

Figure 18 shows a third step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 15, in which third step a second steel plate is provided and the second steel plate is provided with first openings,

Figure 19 shows a fourth step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 15, in which fourth step the second steel plate is provided with headed studs projecting perpendicularly from a second inner surface of the second steel plate, and

Figure 20 shows a fifth step in an embodiment of the method for constructing the closed steel sheet structure shown in figure 15, in which fifth step the first steel plate is provided with reinforcing members and supporting members in the form of profile elements on the first inner surface of the first steel plate.

Detailed description of the invention

Next the method for constructing a closed steel sheet structure 1 of a steel concrete composite structure (not shown in the figures) and some variants and embodiments of the method will be described in greater detail.

The closed steel sheet structure 1 can for example be a used in a steel concrete composite structure in the form of a wall element or in the form of a beam or a column.

The closed steel sheet structure 1 comprises a space 2 to be filled with concrete (not shown in the figures) to form said steel concrete composite structure.

The method comprises providing a first steel plate 3 having a first outer surface 4 and a first inner surface 5 that is parallel with the first outer surface 4 as illustrated in figure 2.

The method comprises attaching reinforcing members 6 to the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 for example by welding, preferably, but not necessarily, by tag welding, so that the reinforcing members 6 project perpendicularly from the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 as illustrated in figure 6.

The method comprises providing the reinforcing members 6 with supporting members 7 as illustrated in figure 6.

The method comprises providing a second steel plate 8 having a second outer surface 9 and a second inner surface 10 that is parallel with the second outer surface 9 as illustrated in figure 4.

The method comprises providing the second steel plate 8 with first openings 11 between the second outer surface 9 and the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8 as illustrated in figure 4.

The method comprises supporting the second steel plate 8 on the supporting members 7 provided at the reinforcing members 6 projecting from the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 so that the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8 faces the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3, so that said space 2 is formed between the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 and the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8, and so that at least one of the supporting members 7 and the reinforcing members 6 covers the first openings 11 at the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8 as illustrated in figure 1.

The method comprises attaching for example by welding preferably, but not necessarily, by tag welding, the second steel plate 8 to at least one of the supporting members 7 and the reinforcing members 6 via the first openings 11 in the second steel plate 8 from the side of the second outer surface 9 of the second steel plate 8 of the closed steel sheet structure. Provision of such first openings 11 makes attaching of the second steel plate 8 to the reinforcing members 6 easier, because the attaching need not to be made in the space 6 between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8.

The method comprises providing reinforcing members 6 and supporting members 7 in the form of profile elements 22 having a web plate 12 forming the reinforcing member 6 and a first flange 13 extending perpendicularly in relation to the web plate 12 and forming the supporting member 7.

The first flange 13 and the second steel plate 8 can for example be attached together by weld joint in the openings 11 in the second steel plate 8.

The profile elements 22 forming the reinforcing members 6 in the form of the web plate 12 of the profile element 22 and the supporting members 7 in the form of a first flange 13 of the profile element 22 can for example be formed of T-beams or T-profiles.

The method can comprise providing the profile elements 22 with at least one first projection 14, as illustrated in figures 7 to 9, 11, and 13, and supporting the second steel plate 8 on the supporting members 7 so that said at least one first projection 14 project into one of the first openings 11 in the second steel plate 8. Provision of such first projections 14 makes the connection between the reinforcing member 6 and the second steel plate 8 stronger in the first openings 11 of the second steel plate 8, because the first projection 14 helps in positioning of the second steel plate 8 on the profile elements 22. In such case, at least one first projection 14 can be provided with a tapering end as shown in figures 9, 11, and 13.

The method can comprise, as illustrated in figures 7 to 12 and 14, providing at least some of the profile elements 22 with a second flange 15 that is essentially parallel with the first flange 13, and supporting the reinforcing element 6 in the form of a profile element 22 at the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 by means of the second flange 15 of the profile element 22. The profile elements 22 can in such embodiment be formed of I-beams or of I-profiles or of H-beams or of H-profiles. This makes production of the closed steel sheet structure 1 easier, because the reinforcing elements 6 do not necessarily need any temporary supporting prior being attached to the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3. Such embodiment of the method can comprise a step for providing the first steel plate 3 with third openings 16 between the first outer surface 4 and the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3, a step for supporting the profile elements 22 at the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 so that at least one of the second flange 15 of the profile element 22 and the reinforcing members 6 of the profile element 22 covers the third openings 16 at the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3, and a step for attaching the first steel plate 3 to at least one of the second flange 15 of the profile element 22 and the reinforcing members 6 of the profile element 22 via the third openings 16 from the side of the first outer surface 4 of the first steel plate 3 of the closed steel sheet structure, as illustrated in figures 11 to 14. Such embodiment of the method can additionally comprise as step for providing the profile elements 22 with at least one second projection 17, and additionally comprise a step for supporting the supporting members 7 at the first steel plate 3 so that said at least one second projection 17 project into one of the first openings 11 in the second steel plate 8 as illustrated in figures 11, 13 and 14. Provision of such second projection 17 makes the connection between the reinforcing elements 6 and the first steel plate 6 stronger in the third openings 16 of the first steel plate 3 because the second projection 17 helps in positioning of the profile elements 22 on the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3. Such embodiment can additionally comprise a step for by providing at least one second projection 17 with a tapering end, as illustrated in figures 11, 13, and 14.

The method comprises preferably, but not necessarily, prior supporting the second steel plate 8 on the reinforcing members 6 projecting from the first inner surface 5 of the steel plate 3, providing at least one of the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 and the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8 with headed studs 18 configured to project perpendicularly therefrom into the space 2 between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8. In the embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1 illustrated in figures 1 to 6, both the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 and the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8 is provided with headed studs 18.

The method comprises preferably, but not necessarily, providing the web plates 12 of at least some of the reinforcing members 6 profile elements 22 with at least one second opening 19 between a first side surface 20 and a second side surface 21 of the web plates 12 of the profile element 22, as in the embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure illustrated in figures 1 to 6. Such second openings 19 allows concrete on opposite sides of the profile element 22 to be connected, if the closed steel sheet structure 1 is used to form a steel concrete composite structure together with concrete that is poured into the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1.

The method comprises preferably, but not necessarily, providing profile elements 22 forming first profile elements 22a, which web plate 12 extending in a first direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8, and providing profile elements 22 forming second profile elements 22b, which web plate 12 extending in a second direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8, wherein the second direction extend transversely to the first direction as in the first embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure illustrated in figures 1 to 6 and as in the second embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure illustrated in figures 15 to 20. Provision of profile elements 22 forming first profile elements 22a and second profile elements 22b in the described manner makes the closed steel sheet structure 1 more rigid and stronger because the web plates 12 of the first profile elements 22a and second profile elements 22b will effectively prevent the first steel plate 3 from moving with respect to the second steel plate 8 because the web plates 12 cannot easily be bent in multiple directions in the same manner as a pin for example. The first profile elements 22a are in such embodiment of the method preferably, but no necessarily, arranged to extend in parallel and essentially between opposite edges (not marked with a reference numeral) of the first steel plate 3 and of the second steel plate 8, and second profile elements 22b are preferably, but not necessarily, in such embodiment of the method arranged to extend between the first profile elements 22a. The second profile elements 22b are in such embodiment of the method preferably, but no necessarily, arranged in the middle of an intermediate space 23 between two adjacent first profile elements 22a, and the length of the second profile elements 22b are in such embodiment of the method preferably, but no necessarily, selected to be 5 to 50 % of the distance between the two adjacent first profile elements 22a as measured in the second direction. Because the second profile elements 22b in the closed sheet structure 1 will be arranged in the middle of an intermediate space 23 between two adjacent first profile elements 22a and because length of the second profile elements 22b in the closed sheet structure 1 will be 5 to 50 % of the distance between the two adjacent first profile elements 22a as measured in the second direction, concrete that is poured into the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1 can flow between adjacent first profile elements 22a and second profile elements 22b and can effectively fill the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1.

The method can, as in the second embodiment illustrated in figures 15 to 20, comprise arranging the first profile elements 22a to extend spaced apart from one another in first rows 24 of first profile elements 22a in the first direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8 so that the web plates 12 of the first profile elements 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a are in a common first imaginary plane 25, and arranging the second profile elements 22b to extend spaced apart from one another in second rows 26 of second profile elements 22a in the second direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8 so that the web plates 12 of the second profile elements 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b are in a common second imaginary plane 27. Because the first profile elements 22a will extend spaced apart from one another in first rows 24 of first profile elements 22a in the closed sheet structure 1 and because the second profile elements 22b will extend spaced apart from one another in second rows 26 of second profile elements 22b in the closed sheet structure 1, concrete that is poured into the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1 can flow between the first profile elements 22a in the first rows 24 of the first profile elements 22a and between the second profile elements 22b in the second rows 26 of the second profile elements 22b to effectively to fill the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1. In such second embodiment of the method, the method can comprise, as illustrated in figures 15 to 20, providing the first rows 24 of first profile elements 22a of essentially identical first profile elements 22a, and providing the first profile elements 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a evenly spaced apart in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a so that a first distance between two adjacent first profile element 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a is at least the length of the first profile element 22a as measured in the first direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8.

In such second embodiment of the method, the method can comprise, as illustrated in figured 15 to 20, providing the second rows 26 of second profile elements 22b of essentially identical second profile elements 22b, and providing the second profile elements 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b evenly spaced apart in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b so that a second distance between two adjacent second profile element 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b is at least the length of the second profile element 22b as measured in the second direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8.

In such second embodiment of the method, the method can comprise, as illustrated in figured 15 to 20, providing the first profile elements 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a and the second profile elements 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b so that the first profile elements 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a are spaced apart from the second profile elements 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b. Because the first profile elements 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a will in the closed steel structure 1 be spaced apart from the second profile elements 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b, concrete that is poured into the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1 can flow between the first rows 24 of the first profile elements 22a and the second rows 26 of the second profile elements 22b to effectively fill the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1 with concrete.

Next the closed steel sheet structure 1 and some variants and embodiments of the closed steel sheet structure 1 will be described in greater detail.

The closed steel sheet structure 1 can for example be a used in a steel concrete composite structure in the form of a wall element or in the form of a beam or a column.

The closed steel sheet structure 1 comprises a space 2 to be filled with concrete to form said steel concrete composite structure.

The closed steel sheet structure 1 comprises a first steel plate 3 having a first outer surface

4 and a second inner surface 10 that is parallel with the first outer surface 4.

The closed steel sheet structure 1 comprises reinforcing members 6 attached for example by welding preferably, but not necessarily, by tag welding, to the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 so that the reinforcing members 6 project perpendicularly from the first inner surface

5 of the first steel plate 3. The closed steel sheet structure 1 comprises supporting members 7 at the reinforcing members 6.

The closed steel sheet structure 1 comprises a second steel plate 8 having a second outer surface 9 and a second inner surface 10 that is parallel with the second outer surface 9.

The second steel plate 8 is provided with first openings 11 between the second outer surface

9 and the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8.

The second steel plate 8 is supported on the supporting members 7 provided at the reinforcing members 6 projecting from the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 so that the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8 faces first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3, so that said space 2 is formed between the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 and the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8, and so that at least one of the supporting members 7 and the reinforcing members 6 covers the first openings 11 at the second inner surface

10 of the second steel plate 8.

The second steel plate 8 is attached for example by welding preferably, but not necessarily, by tag welding, to at least one of the supporting members 7 and the reinforcing members 6 via the first openings 11 in the second steel plate 8 from the side of the second outer surface 9 of the second steel plate 8 of the closed steel sheet structure 1.

The reinforcing members 6 and supporting members 7 are in the form of profile elements 22 having a web plate 12 forming the reinforcing member and a first flange 13 extending perpendicularly in relation to the web plate 12 and forming the supporting member.

The profile elements forming the reinforcing members 6 can for example be formed of T- beams or T-pro files.

In an embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1, such as in the embodiments illustrated in figures 1 to 6 and 9, 11, and 13, the profile elements 22 comprise at least one first projection 14, and the second steel plate 8 is supported on the supporting members 7 so that said at least one first projection 14 project into one of the first openings 11 in the second steel plate 8. Provision of such first projections 14 makes the connection between the reinforcing member 6 and the second steel plate 8 stronger in the first openings 11 of the second steel plate 8. In such embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1, least one first projection 14 is preferably, but not necessarily, provided with a tapering end.

At least some of the profile elements comprises preferably, but not necessarily, as in the embodiments illustrated in figures 1 to 6 and 9 to 12 and 13, a second flange 15 that is essentially parallel with the first flange 13, and the profile elements 22 comprising a second flange 15 are supported at the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 by means of the second flange 15 of the profile elements 22. In such case, the first steel plate 3 comprises preferably, but not necessarily, as in the embodiment illustrated in figures 11 to 14, third openings 16 between the first outer surface 4 and the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3, the profile elements 22 are supported at the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 so that at least one of the second flange 15 of the profile element 22 and the reinforcing members 6 of the profile element 22 covers the third openings 16 at the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3, and the first steel plate 3 is fastened to at least one of the second flange 15 of the profile element 22 and the reinforcing members 6 of the profile element 22 from the side of the first outer surface 4 of the first steel plate 3 of the closed steel sheet structure. In such embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1, at least some of the profile elements 22 can comprise, as in the embodiments illustrated in figures 11, 13, and 14 at least one second projection 17, and the supporting elements can be supported at the first steel plate 3 so that said at least one second projection 17 project into one of the first openings 11 in the second steel plate 8. Provision of such second projection 17 makes the connection between the reinforcing elements 6 and the first steel plate 6 stronger in the third openings 16 of the first steel plate 3. At least one second projection 17 is in such case preferably, but not necessarily, with a tapering end, as in the embodiments illustrated in figures 11, 13, and 14.

In the closed steel sheet structure 1, at least one of the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 and the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8 comprises preferably, but not necessarily, headed studs 18 projecting perpendicularly therefrom into the space 2 between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8. In the embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1 illustrated in figures 1 to 6, both the first inner surface 5 of the first steel plate 3 and the second inner surface 10 of the second steel plate 8 is provided with headed studs 18.

In the closed steel sheet structure 1, the web plates 12 of at least some of the profile elements 22 comprises preferably, but not necessarily, least one second opening 19 between a first side surface and a second side surface of the web plates 12, as in the embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1 illustrated in figures 1 to 6. . Such second openings 19 allows concrete on opposite sides of the profile element 22 to be connected, if the closed steel sheet structure 1 is used to form a steel concrete composite structure together with concrete that is poured into the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1.

In the closed steel sheet structure 1, the profile elements 22 forms preferably, but not necessarily, first profile elements 22a, which web plate 12 extending in a first direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8, and second profile elements 22b, which web plate 12 extending in a second direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8, wherein the second direction extend transversely to the first direction, as in the first embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1 illustrated in figures 1 to 6 and as in the second embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1 illustrated in figures 15 to 20. Provision of profile elements 22 forming first profile elements 22a and second profile elements 22b in the described manner makes the closed steel sheet structure 1 more rigid because the web plates 12 of the first profile elements 22a and second profile elements 22b will effectively prevent the first steel plate 3 from moving with respect to the second steel plate 8 because the web plates 12 cannot easily be bent in multiple directions in the same manner as a pin for example. The first profile elements 22a extend in such case preferably, but not necessarily, in parallel and essentially between opposite edges of the first steel plate 3, and second profile elements 22a extend preferably, but not necessarily, between the first profile elements 22a. The second profile elements 22b can for example be arranged in the middle of an intermediate space 23 between two adjacent first profile elements 22a, and the length of the second profile elements 22b can be 5 to 50 % of the distance between the two adjacent first profile elements 22a as measured in the second direction. Because the second profile elements 22b in the closed sheet structure 1 are in such embodiment arranged in the middle of an intermediate space 23 between two adjacent first profile elements 22a and because length of the second profile elements 22b in the closed sheet structure 1 will be 5 to 50 % of the distance between the two adjacent first profile elements 22a as measured in the second direction, concrete that is poured into the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1 can flow between adjacent first profile elements 22a and second profile elements 22b and can effectively fill the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1.The first profile elements 22a can, as in the second embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1 illustrated in figures 15 to 20, extend spaced apart from one another in first rows 24 of first profile elements 22a in the first direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8 so that the web plates 12 of the first profile elements 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a are in a common first imaginary plane 25, and the second profile elements 22b extend spaced apart from one another in second rows 26 of second profile elements 22a in the second direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8 so that the web plates 12 of the second profile elements 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b are in a common second imaginary plane 27. Because the first profile elements 22a extend spaced apart from one another in first rows 24 of first profile elements 22a in the closed sheet structure 1 and because the second profile elements 22b extend spaced apart from one another in second rows 26 of second profile elements 22b in the closed sheet structure 1, concrete that is poured into the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1 can flow between the first profile elements 22a in the first rows 24 of the first profile elements 22a and between the second profile elements 22b in the second rows 26 of the second profile elements 22b to effectively to fill the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1. In such embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1, the first rows 24 of first profile elements 22a can comprise essentially identical first profile elements 22a, and first profile elements 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a can be evenly spaced apart in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a so that a first distance between two adjacent first profile element 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a is at least the length of the first profile element 22a as measured in the first direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8. In such embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1, the second rows 26 of second profile elements 22b can comprise essentially identical second profile elements 22b, and the second profile elements 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b can be evenly spaced apart in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b so that a second distance between two adjacent second profile element 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b is at least the length of the second profile element 22b as measured in the second direction between the first steel plate 3 and the second steel plate 8. In such embodiment of the closed steel sheet structure 1, the first rows 24 of first profile elements 22a in each first row 24 of first profile elements 22a can be spaced apart from the second profile elements 22b in each second row 26 of second profile elements 22b. This allows concrete that is poured into the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1 to flow between the first rows 24 of the first profile elements 22a and the second rows 26 of the second profile elements 22b to effectively fill the space of the closed steel sheet structure 1 with concrete.

It is apparent to a person skilled in the art that as technology advanced, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are therefore not restricted to the above examples, but they may vary within the scope of the claims.