This invention relates to a method for detecting the quantity of gas which is supplied by means of a gas supply device to an antechamber of an internal combustion engine, with the features of the preamble of claim 1 , a method for detecting the quantity of gas which is supplied to at least two antechambers of an internal combustion engine by means of associated gas supply devices with the features of the preamble of claim 4, a method for equalizing the quantity of gas which is supplied to at least two antechambers of an internal combustion engine by means of associated gas supply devices, with the features of the preamble of claim 5 and internal combustion engines having the features of the preamble of claim 9 or 10.

In the prior art, it is not directly measured which quantity of gas is supplied to an antechamber of an internal combustion engine by means of a gas supply device. The monitoring of a functional state of the gas supply device of an individual antechamber is therefore not possible. The same problem arises when an equalization of the quantity of gas, which is supplied to at least two antechambers of an internal combustion engine by means of assigned gas supply devices, is to be undertaken.

The object of the invention is to provide generic methods and internal combustion engines with which the functional state of the gas supply device of an individual antechamber can be checked without directly measuring the quantity of gas and/or the equalization of different antechambers can be performed.

This object is achieved by methods having the features of claim 1 , 4 or 5 and internal combustion engines having the features of claim 9 or 10. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent

- l - claims.

In a first variant of the invention, a comparison is performed of the change in the exhaust gas temperature resulting from the targeted disturbance of an exhaust gas generated in a combustion chamber connected to the antechamber with a target value of the change in the exhaust gas temperature. Since only the changes are compared, the knowledge of an absolute value of the quantity of gas or the exhaust gas temperature is not required. Although the quantity of gas supplied via the gas supply device(s) is not measured directly, the invention permits an indirect determination of this quantity of gas when it is known, from a theoretical model or by measurements as a ratio, how the exhaust gas temperature relates to the quantity of gas. In this case, it is of course also known how a change in the exhaust gas temperature relates to a change in the quantity of gas (by differentiating the exhaust gas temperature as a function of the quantity of gas). Thus, in the known context, it is possible to search for the change in the exhaust gas temperature which corresponds to the measured change. However, it is also known (via the analytically or graphically determined inverse function), at which function value of the function of the exhaust gas temperature, i.e. at which quantity of gas, this change occurs.

If the gas supply device is actively designed in such a way that it can be controlled by the control unit (e.g. active antechamber gas valve), then when a deviation is detected, a correction of the quantity of gas supplied can be performed if necessary, e.g. by the control unit modifying an opening duration and/or an opening time of the antechamber gas valve.

It is preferably provided that a gradient of the exhaust gas temperature with respect to the quantity of gas is calculated taking account the change in the quantity of gas resulting from the targeted disturbance. Then the calculated gradient is compared with a target value of the gradient to make the deduction of the quantity of gas supplied by means of the gas supply device.

To detect the quantity of gas which is supplied to at least two antechambers of an internal combustion engine by means of assigned gas supply devices and a possible equalization, it is sufficient if, in a second variant of the invention, the changes in the exhaust gas temperatures of the different combustion chambers resulting from the disturbances made are compared with one another.

Then, at least one of the at least two antechambers can be actuated in such a way that any difference between the changes in the exhaust gas temperatures disappears. A difference equal to zero means that the quantity of gas is equalized. The determination of the quantities of gas supplied to the individual antechambers by the respective gas supply devices is therefore not required, but can be performed.

Of course, as described above, the change in the exhaust gas temperature in response to a disturbance with a target value could also be compared individually for each antechamber, and the quantities of gas supplied via the respective gas supply devices indirectly determined in this manner can be adjusted to one another by the control unit.

If the gas supply device(s) is or are designed as a channel or channels connected to an antechamber gas line, the targeted disturbance can be performed - preferably individually for each gas supply device - by changing a gas pressure in the antechamber gas line and/or by changing a quantity of air supplied to the antechamber gas line.

If the gas supply device(s) is or are designed as (an) active antechamber gas valve(s) connected to an antechamber gas line, the targeted disturbance can be performed by changing an opening duration and/or an opening time of the antechamber gas valve(s).

It is preferably provided that the targeted disturbance is performed in the direction of a reduced quantity of gas. Irrespective of the selected direction of the disturbance, it should ideally be selected to be so small that the operation of the internal combustion engine is not significantly disturbed.

All of the methods described above can be performed during the assembly or maintenance of an internal combustion engine. However, it is preferably provided that a control unit of the internal combustion engine is designed in order to: perform a targeted disturbance of the quantity of gas supplied by means of the gas supply device and by means of the temperature sensor, to measure a change of the exhaust gas temperature resulting from the targeted disturbance, and by comparison with a stored target value of the change in the exhaust gas temperature, to deduce the quantity of gas supplied by means of the gas supply device. and/or for each of the at least two antechambers, to perform a targeted disturbance of the quantity of gas supplied by means of each gas supply device, and by means of the assigned temperature sensor, to measure a change of the exhaust gas temperature of each combustion chamber resulting from the targeted disturbance, and to determine a difference by comparing the resulting changes in the exhaust gas temperatures, and if necessary to actuate at least one of the at least two antechambers such that the difference disappears.

The above-described methods can then be performed automatically during the operation of the internal combustion engine after initiation by an operator or according to a predetermined maintenance schedule. If the operating state of a gas supply device is critical, a corresponding message can be issued. An equalization of the quantities of gas for all antechambers or combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine can be performed automatically.

The invention can preferably be used in a stationary internal combustion engine, for marine applications or mobile applications such as the so-called "non-road mobile machinery" (NRMM). The internal combustion engine can be used as a mechanical drive, e.g. for operating compressor systems or coupled with a generator to a genset for generating electrical energy.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are discussed with reference to the figures. Description:

Fig. 1 shows schematically an internal combustion engine according to the invention

Fig. 2 shows schematically a further internal combustion engine according to the invention

Fig. 3 shows a change of the exhaust gas temperature implementing a targeted disturbance

Fig. 4 Relationship between exhaust gas temperature and quantity of gas Fig. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 with several combustion chambers 2, each of which is connected to an antechamber 3. Each antechamber 2 has a gas supply device 4, which is designed here in the form of active antechamber gas valves 8 connected to an antechamber gas line 7. A control unit 5 (which is normally designed as a motor control device of the internal combustion engine) controls the gas supply to the antechambers 2. For each combustion chamber 2, there is a temperature sensor 6 for measuring an exhaust gas temperature T of an exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 2, whereby the temperature sensors 6 are connected to the control unit 5.

The control unit 5 is designed to perform a targeted disturbance Au of the quantity of gas m supplied by means of the gas supply devices 4 to the individual antechambers 3 (e.g. by a slight change in the pressure in the antechamber gas line 7 or a change in an opening duration and/or an opening time of the antechamber gas valves 8) and by means of the temperature sensors 6 to measure the change ΔΤ in the exhaust gas temperature T resulting from the targeted disturbance Au for each combustion chamber 2. By a comparison with a stored target value of the change AT _ta rget in the exhaust gas temperature T, the control unit 5 can deduce the quantity of gas m supplied by means of the gas supply device 4.

Alternatively or additionally, it could be provided that the control unit 5 is designed to determine a difference by comparing the resulting changes AT in the exhaust gas temperatures T and to actuate at least one of the antechambers 3 such that the difference disappears. If the internal combustion engine has a common antechamber gas line 7 and passive gas valves which connect the individual antechambers 3 to the common antechamber gas line 7, the targeted disturbance Au can only be performed globally (i.e. equally for all antechambers 3). In this case, after detecting a deviation in the quantity of gas supplied, no individual actuation can be performed in order to achieve equalization, but an exchange of the passive gas valve concerned would have to be performed. If active antechamber gas valves are provided, it is also possible to perform an equalization in the case of a common antechamber gas line 7 by individual actuation of at least one of the gas valves.

Fig. 2 shows an internal combustion engine 1 which differs from that of Fig. 1 only in that, here, the gas supply devices 4 are designed as channels which are closed with a nonreturn valve and connected to an antechamber gas line 7. The control unit 5 can vary the pressure in the antechamber gas line 7 via actuators (not shown).

Fig. 3 shows a change in the exhaust gas temperature T ₀ which occurs in the case of a targeted disturbance (here in the direction of a smaller quantity of gas m), which existed before the disturbance Au \, to a value Ti which results from the disturbance so that the disturbance is connected to a change in the exhaust gas temperature ΔΤ.

Fig. 4 shows schematically a relationship between the exhaust gas temperature T of an exhaust gas produced in the combustion chamber 2 connected to the antechamber 3 and the quantity of gas m which is supplied to the antechamber 3 by means of the gas supply device 4.

The tangent existing at a point m with a slope corresponding to the gradient dT/dm can be approximated by the drawn secant with the slope gi = (To - Ti)/(m ₀ - mi). If the change in the exhaust gas temperature ΔΤ resulting from the disturbance Aui is known, then it is possible to calculate the quotient ΔΤ/Aui and determine the point mo at which an identical slope or an identical gradient is present. This point mo corresponds to the quantity of gas m which is supplied to the antechamber 3 of the internal combustion engine 1 by means of the gas supply device 4.