FEDYK, Krzysztof (ul. Bociania 5, Białystok, PL-15-533, PL)
FEDYK, Marcin (ul. Bociania 5, Białystok, PL-15-533, PL)
BORCHERT, Marcin (ul. 1 Maja 1, Prostki, PL-19-335, PL)
GOŁĄBIEWSKI, Zbigniew (ul. Norweska 22, Białystok, PL-15-613, PL)
FEDYK, Krzysztof (ul. Bociania 5, Białystok, PL-15-533, PL)
FEDYK, Marcin (ul. Bociania 5, Białystok, PL-15-533, PL)
BORCHERT, Marcin (ul. 1 Maja 1, Prostki, PL-19-335, PL)
| Claims 1. The method of cutting openings in flat, concave, convex, or converging surfaces, characterized by: 1) measurement of the characteristic points of the outline of the opening to be cut; 2) entering the measurements of the opening to be cut into the device's electronic control unit; 3) designation of the axis or axes of the opening to be cut on the work surface; 4) placement of the device for cutting openings on the work surface; 5) determination of the position of the device for cutting openings on the surface to be cut by means of laser pointers determining the center of the device and the line designating the axis of the opening; 6) blocking the central grip and corner grips on the work surface; 7) positioning the cutting head in a starting point of the opening to be cut; 8) selection of the shape of the opening to be cut or calculation of the cutting trajectory from saved values of measurement; 9) cutting parameters are entered into the control unit; 10) preheating and cutting the surface at the set trajectory; 11) removing the cut out part of the surface; 12) grinding the edges of the opening cut. 2. The method, according to claim 1 , characterized by that memory of the control unit stores, among the selectable templates of shapes of the openings cut out, a circle, an ellipse, an ellipse with straight sections, a truncated ellipse, a rectangle, a rectangle with rounded corners. 3. The method, according to claims 1-2, characterized by that the edges of the opening cut out are additionally beveled, in that: 1) beside cutting parameters, beveling parameters are entered, such as beveling angle or width, land (threshold) size and beveling method, unilateral or bilateral; 2) after the opening is cut, its edges are preheated and beveled at the trajectory set. 4. The method, according to claims 1-3, characterized by that the surface in which the opening is cut, is a cylindrical or conical tube, and the device is placed inside the pipe. 5. The method, according to claims 1-3, characterized by that the surface in which the opening is cut, is a cylindrical or conical tube, and the device is placed outside the pipe. 6. The method, according to claims 1-5, characterized by that with an additional welding process, further phases are performed : 1) the slag is removed from the place of welding; 2) the element to be welded in is placed in the opening, calibrated and positional welds are made; 3) the cutting module is removed and the welding module is installed; 4) the welding process starts; 5) after the assumed weld is completed, the device is removed from the work surface. 7. The method, according to claim 6, characterized by that, in case of concave surfaces, the welding process starts from the concave side. 8. The method, according to claim 6, characterized by that in case of convex surfaces, the welding process starts from the convex side. 9. The method, according to claims 6-8, characterized by that the element welded in is a door or window frame. 10. The device for cutting openings in flat, concave or convex surfaces and/or for welding elements in these openings, characterized by that it is made of a mainframe (1), of rectangular shape, and on the mainframe (1) there are guides and elements to move the carriage (2) moving along axis X, on which there are guides and elements to move the cross slide (3) moving along axis Y, on which there are elements to move the vertical slide (4) moving along axis Z, to which there are fastened : the tilting unit (5) of the working element, drive elements of the moving elements (2; 3; 4; 5) the devices are connected to the control unit (7) and power supply, furthermore, the mainframe (1) is equipped with four corner legs and two central legs, with the central legs located, one each, in the middle of the opposite sides of the mainframe (1), grips are fixed to the legs (8). 11. The device, according claim 10, characterized by that the tilting unit (5) of the working element permits tilting of the working element in two planes. 12. The device, according claims 10-11, characterized by that the tilting unit (5) of the working element is mounted to the rotation system (6) of the working element, permitting 360° rotation of the working element, and the rotation system (6) is mounted to the vertical slide (4). 13. The device, according claims 10-12, characterized by that the device's working elements are the removable or fixed cutting module, welding module or polishing module. 14. The device, according claims 10-13, characterized by that the cutting module is a flame, plasma or laser beam cutting device, in particular a cutting torch or a plasma cutter, or a laser cutter. 15. The device, according claims 10-14, characterized by that the welding module is a welding torch or a welding head. 16. The device, according claims 10-15, characterized by that the polishing module is a portable device, in particular an angle grinder. 17. The device, according claims 10-16, characterized by that the carriage (2) is powered with the use of a rack and pinion. 18. The device, according claims 10-17, characterized by that the cross slide (3) is powered with the use of a rack and pinion or a lead screw. 19. The device, according claims 10-18, characterized by that vertical slide (4) is powered with the use of a rack and pinion or a leadscrew. 20. The device, according claims 10-19, characterized by that the rotation system (6) of the working element is powered by a motor and transmission. 21. The device, according claims 10-20, characterized by that the tilting unit (5) of the working element is powered by a motor and transmission. 22. The device, according claims 10-21, characterized by that in the grips (8) there are suction cups, magnets or electromagnets. 23. The device, according claims 10-22, characterized by that the grips (8) are mounted on the legs in a moving mode, with a mechanism blocking their setting in the selected position. 24. The device, according claims 10-23, characterized by that laser pointers are fixed to the mainframe elements. |
The object of the invention is a method and device for cutting openings in flat, concave or convex surfaces. The method and the device can be used for many different applications, but they are particularly useful in the construction of wind towers where it is necessary to cut openings in concave surfaces such as inside pipes forming segments of such towers.
In the present state of the art, various methods of cutting openings in surfaces are known. For the present invention, of importance are methods relating to the preparation of elements of wind towers. The publication WO2006050723 indicates how to manufacture parts of wind towers in which such part is made up of at least one component containing an opening and at least one component without the opening. These elements are manufactured separately and then assembled together to form a ring. The element with an opening is made separately by flame cutting of the element and by its rolling. In the present state of the art, there are no devices that would enable cutting the openings in the tubular elements as well as in the components already installed. Nor are there any methods and devices that would enable cutting of openings in vertical, horizontal or oblique elements. The method of cutting openings in flat, concave, convex, or converging surfaces, is, in the invention, characterized by:
1) measurement of the characteristic points of the outline of the opening to be cut;
2) entering the measurements of the opening to be cut into the device's electronic control unit;
3) designation of the axis or axes of the opening to be cut on the work surface; 4) placement of the device for cutting openings on the work surface;
5) determination of the position of the device for cutting openings on the surface to be cut by means of laser pointers determining the center of the device and the line designating the axis of the opening;
6) blocking the central grip and corner grips on the work surface;
7) positioning the cutting head in a starting point of the opening to be cut;
8) selection of the shape of the opening to be cut or calculation of the cutting trajectory from saved values of measurement;
9) cutting parameters are entered into the control unit;
10) preheating and cutting the surface at the set trajectory; 11) removing the cut out part of the surface;
12) grinding the edges of the opening cut.
Preferably, memory of the control unit stores, among the selectable templates of shapes of the openings cut out, a circle, an ellipse, an ellipse with straight sections, a truncated ellipse, a rectangle, and a rectangle with rounded corners.
Preferably, the edges of the opening cut out are additionally beveled , in that:
1) beside cutting parameters, beveling parameters are entered, such as beveling angle or width, s H land (threshold) size and beveling method, unilateral or bilateral
2) after the opening is cut, its edges are heated and beveled at the trajectory set.
Preferably, the surface in which the opening is cut is a cylindrical or conical tube, and the device is placed inside the pipe.
Preferably, the surface in which the opening is cut is a cylindrical or conical tube, and the device is placed outside the pipe. Preferably, with an additional welding process, further phases are performed :
1) the slag is removed from the place of welding;
2) the element to be welded in is placed in the opening, calibrated and positional welds are made;
3) the cutting head is removed and the welding head is installed;
4) the welding process starts;
5) after the assumed weld is completed, the device is removed from the work surface.
Preferably, in case of concave surfaces, the welding process starts from the concave side.
Preferably, in case of convex surfaces, the welding process starts from the convex side.
Preferably, the element welded in is a door or window frame.
In another aspect, the object of the invention is a method and device for cutting openings in flat, concave or convex surfaces and/or for welding elements in these openings which is characterized by that it is made of a mainframe (1), of rectangular shape, and on the mainframe (1) there are guides and elements to move the carriage (2) moving along axis X, on which there are guides and elements to move the cross slide (3) moving along axis Y, on which there are elements to move the vertical slide (4) moving along axis Z, to which there are fastened : the tilting unit (5) of the working element, drive elements of the moving elements (2; 3; 4; 5) the devices are connected to the control unit (7) and power supply, furthermore, the mainframe (1) is equipped with four corner legs and two central legs, with the central legs located, one each, in the middle of the opposite sides of the mainframe (1), grips (8) are fixed to the legs.
Preferably, the tilting unit (5) of the working element permits tilting of the working element in two planes. Preferably, the tilting unit (5) of the working element is mounted to the rotation system (6) of the working element permitting 360° rotation of the working element. The rotation system (6) is mounted to the vertical slide (4).
Preferably, the device's working elements are the removable or fixed cutting module, welding module or polishing module.
Preferably, the cutting module is a flame, plasma or laser beam cutting device, in particular a cutting torch or a plasma cutter or a laser cutter.
Preferably, the welding module is a blowpipe, a welding torch or a welding head.
Preferably, the polishing module is a portable device, in particular an angle grinder.
Preferably, the carriage (2) is powered with the use of a rack and pinion.
Preferably, the cross slide (3) is powered with the use of a rack and pinion or a leadscrew.
Preferably, vertical slide (4) is powered with the use of a rack and pinion or a leadscrew.
Preferably, the rotation system (6) of the working element is powered by a motor and transmission.
Preferably, the tilting unit (5) of the working element is powered by a motor and transmission.
Preferably, in the grips (8) there are suction cups, magnets or electromagnets.
Preferably, the grips (8) are mounted on the legs in a moving mode, with a mechanism blocking their setting in the selected position.
Preferably, laser pointers are fixed to the mainframe elements. The object of the invention has been presented in specimen execution on drawings, where fig. 1 presents the device as per the invention in axonometric view and fig. 2 presents the grip.
The device as per the invention consists of a mainframe (1) of rectangular shape, equipped with four corner legs and two central legs, with the central legs located, one each, in the middle of the opposite sides of the mainframe (1) and grips (8) are mounted to the legs. Furthermore, the mainframe (1) is equipped with laser pointers. On the mainframe (1), there are guides and elements to move the carriage (2) moving along axis X. On the carriage (2), there are guides and elements to move the cross slide (3) moving along axis Y. In turn, on the cross slide (3) there are elements to move the vertical slide (4) moving along axis Z, to which there is fastened the rotation unit (6) of the working element permitting 360° rotation of the working element, to which there is fastened the tilting unit (5) of the working element. Drive elements of the moving elements (2; 3; 4; 5; 6) of the device are connected to the control unit (7) and power supply. The device's working elements are the cutting module, welding module or polishing module.
The cutting module or the welding module are, as an example, a welding torch, while the polishing module is an angle grinder.
The carriage (2), the cross slide (3) and the vertical slide (4) are powered with the use of racks and pinions. The rotation unit (6) of the working element is powered by a motor and transmission. Also the tilting unit (5) of the working element is powered by a motor and transmission.
In the grips (8) there are magnets which can be replaced with suction cups or electromagnets. Furthermore, the grips (8) are mounted on the legs as movable and have a mechanism blocking their setting in a selected position.
The device may be powered by standard mains electric current of characteristics 230V 50-60 Hz.
The said device is used in a manner, as per the invention, in which first, characteristic points of the outline of the opening to be cut are measured. For this purpose one can use a completely dedicated unit. The data obtained in this way is entered into the device's electronic control unit. Then the axis or axes of the opening to be cut are set on the work surface. Then the device for cutting openings is placed on the work surface and the device for cutting openings is. fixed on the surface to be cut, using the laser pointers to determine the center of the device and the line designating the axis of the opening. Then the two central grips (8) are blocked on the work surface, and then the corner grips (8) are blocked on the work surface. After this, the cutting unit, in this case a cutting torch, is placed in a starting point of the opening to be cut. The shape of the opening to be cut is selected from among templates stored in the memory control unit; such as a circle, an ellipse, an ellipse with straight sections, a truncated ellipse, a rectangle, a rectangle with rounded corners. One can also calculate and determine another cutting trajectory on the basis of stored measurement values. The surface is pre heated and cut along the desired trajectory / and then the cut portion of the surface is removed. Then the edges of the opening are polished by hand or using a polishing module.
When the opening is cut, one can also perform edge beveling of the opening made in such a way that in addition to the cutting parameters one can introduce beveling parameters, such as beveling angle, fixed or variable, and its value, the width of the welding groove, the land (threshold) size and the beveling method, unilateral or bilateral. While after cutting the opening, its edges are heated and beveled following a set trajectory. After the process of cutting and beveling of the opening's edges is completed, a process is carried out, if necessary, in which the place of welding is first cleared of the slag. Then the element to be welded in (e.g. a door or window frame) is set in the cut opening, calibrated, and positional welds are made. The cutting module is removed and the welding module is installed, and then the process of welding the frame starts. In the case of concave surfaces, the welding process begins with the concave side. Finally, after the assumed weld is made, the device is removed from the work surface.
The method and the device as per the invention have several unprecedented advantages. The device, owing to its structure, can be used on surfaces of various sections (flat or curved). It can also be placed inside a tube. In addition, it can be applied both horizontally and vertically. Owing to the described structure of the device, as per the invention, the manner of making the openings and welding various elements into them proceeds automatically. Owing to the control system applied, programming of the shape is very fast and does not require sophisticated CAD / CAM software. The standard device includes a library of typical shapes: a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, an ellipse with a straight line fragment. Light design of the device and user-friendly software permit one to use the device as a portable CNC cutter, which can be placed directly on the work surface and fixed to it with magnets. In this case, the machine can perform any program created on an external PC in the G-CODE format.
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