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Title:
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENHANCING THE TREATMENT OF TEETH AND GUMS
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2007/121760
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a dental device comprising (a) one or two troughs 1, 1', shaped for the immersion of teeth and/or gums of one or both dental arches, said trough provided with one or more protrusions 4 configured to provide physical stimulation to teeth and/or gums, and (b) a tray 21, shaped to receive said trough(s), which tray is disposed with one or more transducers configured to mechanically stimulate said protrusions, and optionally disposed with means to provide light. It further relates to a use of the trough, and method of treatment.

Inventors:
DE VREESE GUY (BE)
Application Number:
PCT/EP2006/003608
Publication Date:
November 01, 2007
Filing Date:
April 20, 2006
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
REMEDENT NV (BE)
DE VREESE GUY (BE)
International Classes:
A61C17/20; A46B9/04; A61C17/34; A61C19/06; A61N5/06
Domestic Patent References:
WO2005107638A12005-11-17
Foreign References:
DE20120955U12002-05-08
US6223376B12001-05-01
DE3437191A11986-05-22
US6353956B12002-03-12
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
BRANTS, Johan, Philippe, Emile (Brants & Partners CVE. Gevaertdreef 10a, Sint-Martens-Latem, BE)
Download PDF:
Claims:

CLAIMS

1. Dental device comprising:

(a) one or two troughs (1 , 1'), shaped for the immersion of teeth and/or gums of one or both dental arches, said trough provided with one or more protrusions (4) configured to provide physical stimulation to teeth and/or gums, and

(b) a tray (21 ), shaped to receive said trough(s), which tray is disposed with one or more transducers configured to mechanically stimulate said protrusions, and optionally disposed with means to provide light.

2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein a trough comprises an outer trough (42) coupled to an inner trough (41 ), whereby said inner trough is provided with said protrusions, and said outer trough (41 ) is received by said tray (21 ).

3. A device according to claim 2, wherein said inner trough is formed of at least one modular section, which sections align adjacently in the outer trough to form an assembly of protrusions along a channel formed by the modular sections.

4. A device according to claim 3, wherein the base of said modular section is provided with a ridge, and the outer trough is provided with a groove configured to engage with said ridge.

5. A device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the protrusions present in a modular section are of heterologous shape and/or material.

6. A device according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said transducer is any of ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic motor, or magnetic motor.

7. A device according to any of claims 1 to 6 wherein said light providing means is an electroluminescent device, ELD (28) or LED.

8. A device according to any of claims 1 to 7 wherein said light providing means pulsates.

9. A device according to claim 8 wherein the frequency of said pulsation is between 1 and 500 times per second.

10. A device according to any of claims 1 to 9 wherein the number of light providing means is two or more and means illuminating in patterned sequence.

11. A device according to any of claims 1 to 10, further comprising one or more reflectors when the means to provide light is present.

12. A device according to any of claims 1 to 11 , further comprising one or more power sources.

13. A device according to claim 12 wherein said power source is one or more batteries.

14. A device according to any of claims 1 to 13 further comprising a means for connection to an external power source.

15. A device according to claim 14 wherein said external power source is an electric toothbrush.

16. A device according to claim 14 wherein said external power source is a computer USB port.

17. A device according to claim 14 wherein said external power source is a personal music player.

18. A device according to any of claims 7 to 17 further comprising an inverter when the light providing means is an ELD.

19. A device according to any of claims 1 to 18 further comprising one or more switches (24) for control of the device.

20. A device according to of claims 1 to 19 further comprising one or more controllers (26) configured to regulate the transducer and/or light providing means.

21. A device according to any of claims 1 to 20 further comprising one or more means to operate the device for a timed period, after which time, the device switches off.

22. A device according to any of claims 1 to 21 wherein a channel (3, 45) of said trough (1 , V) or inner (41 ) trough or formed by the modular sections is suitable to receive a composition for the treatment of teeth.

23. A device according to claim 22 wherein said ELD (28) or LED, where present, emits light of a wavelength suitable for enhancing the activity of one or more agents present in said composition.

24. A device according to any of claims 1 to 23, wherein said protrusions (4) are capable of abrasive cleaning, massaging and/or polishing teeth and/or gums.

25. A device according to claims 1 to 24 further comprising a single switch (24) and/or regulating means to operate and control the device.

26. A device according to any of claims 1 to 25 wherein at least part of the device is made from a translucent material allowing light from said ELD or LEDs to be viewed from the anterior of said device.

27. A device according to any of claims 1 to 26, wherein at least part of the device is made from one or more of the following materials: coloured polymer, patterned polymer, composite, translucent polymer, opaque polymer.

28. A device according to any of claims 1 to 27, wherein said trough (1 , V) or outer trough (42) is formed from thermoplastic.

29. A device according to any of claims 2 to 28, wherein said inner trough (42) or modular sections are formed from teflon.

30. A device according to any of claims 1 to 29, wherein at least a portion of said protrusions are coated with a composition for the treatment of teeth.

31. A device according to claim 30, wherein said composition comprises one or more agents suitable for whitening teeth, cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, or enhancing healing.

32. A device according to claim 31 , wherein said composition for whitening teeth comprises one or more one bleaching agents.

33. A device according to claim 32, wherein said bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of between 6 and 15 %.

34. A use according to claim 31 , wherein said composition comprises any of ibuprofen, chloramphenicol, cetylpyridinium chloride, vitamin E, toothpaste.

35. A device according to any of claims 30 to 34, wherein at least a portion of said coating is provided with an exterior film.

36. A device according to any of claims 1 to 35, wherein said protrusions are one or more bristles, moulded protrusions, rubber beading, abrasive pad or polishing pad.

37. A device according to any of claims 1 to 36, wherein one or more of said protrusions are made from teflon.

38. A device according to any of claims 1 to 37, wherein shape of the trough or outer trough is adapted to fit the dental arch of a subject, which fitting is determined from a model of the subject's dental arch.

39. A device according to any of claims 1 to 38, the protrusions are suited according to the in- situ tooth type and shape.

40. A use of a device according to any of claims 1 to 39 for any of cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, or enhancing healing.

41. A use according to claim 40, wherein said trough is provided with a composition comprising one or more agents suitable for whitening teeth, cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, or enhancing healing.

42. A use according to claim 41 , wherein said composition comprises any of hydrogen peroxide, ibuprofen, chloramphenicol, cetylpyridinium chloride, vitamin E, toothpaste.

43. A use according to claim 41 or 42, wherein said composition further comprises a gelling agent.

44. A use according to any of claims 41 to 43, where said composition is formulated as a stick gel.

45. A use according to claim 44, where said stick gel is tube-shaped.

46. A use according to claim 44, where said stick gel is U-shaped.

47. A method for providing dental treatment comprising the use of a dental device according to any of claims 1 to 39.

48. A method according to claim 47 comprising the steps of - activating the device, and placing onto teeth or gums,

- receiving treatment for a fixed time period, after which time the device automatically stops, and

-repeating treatment a number of times, or until the power source runs out.

49. A method according to claim 47 or 48, wherein said treatment is any of cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, or enhancing healing.

50. A method according to any of claims 47 to 49, wherein said treatment comprises the steps of:

- using said device with composition in which a concentration of agent suitable for use by a profession dentition is present, and - subsequently using said device with a composition in which a concentration of agent suitable for use by a non-profession dentition is present.

51. A kit comprising a dental device according to any of claims 1 to 39.

52. A kit according to claim 51 , further comprising a composition comprising one or more agents suitable for whitening teeth, cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, enhancing healing.

53. A kit according to claim 52, wherein at least one composition comprises a concentration of agent suitable for use by a profession dentition, and at least one composition comprises a concentration of agent suitable for use by a non-profession dentition.

54. A tray shaped for insertion into the mouth, adopting essentially the shape of a dental arch, which tray houses electrical components for transmitting physical simulation and optionally light energy to a trough, which tray is adapted to provide mechanical support to a trough.

Description:

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENHANCING THE TREATMENT OF TEETH AND GUMS

BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION

Treatments such as whitening, teeth cleaning, plaque removal and treatment of bacteria (e.g. bacterial infections, bad breath) by brushing are often not carried out effectively. The time spent brushing is not sufficient or coverage of the teeth inadequate. Where electric toothbrushes are used, the size of the device and vibrations caused thereby make it difficult for a user to consistently and thoroughly treat all areas. A subject may not be capable of effectively treating teeth due, for example, to young age or disability where manipulation of a dental brush is difficult.

Where the subject visits a dentist for treatment, often the subject is required to be present in the dental chair and a dental professional must manually apply a treatment. Dental procedures require a subject to remain open-mouthed while the practitioner performs a therapy. This causes a subject discomfort due to breathing and swallowing difficulties, excessive salivation and sometimes 'white coat anxiety 1 . Furthermore, treatments by dental professions are expensive for a subject in terms of cost and time. Home treatments for whitening, cleaning teeth, plaque removal and bad breath are often not as effective as those available in a dental surgery, because the concentration of active agent is reduced for home use. Therefore, treatment may take longer.

In view of the prior art, there is a need for a device and method for making dental treatments such as whitening, cleaning, plaque removal and treatment of bacteria (e.g. bacterial infections, bad breath) more effective and accessible for all. There is also a need for a device and method for home treatment which is able to enhance the action of active agents present in low doses for over-the counter use.

AIMS OF THE INVENTION

It is an aim of the present invention to provide a method and device for expediting and making more effective the treatment of a subject's teeth. In expediting the process, the problems associated with both the professional and home cleaning procedures such as cost and accessibility to the subject are overcome.

It is another aim of the present invention to provide an autonomous device which can be fitted on the dental arch of a subject. Such a device provides therapies such as whitening, dental cleaning, massage, pain relief, anti-bacterial treatment, treatment for bad breath and tissue stimulation with enhanced effects with a minimal intrusion of the oral cavity.

SUMMARY OF THE FIGURES

Figure 1. A three-dimensional view of a double-trough device of the invention

Figure 2. A partially exploded three-dimensional view of the device of Figure 1.

Figure 3. A further exploded three-dimensional view of the device of Figure 1. Figure 4. A three dimensional view of a two-part trough.

Figure 5. A three dimensional view of the two-part trough, where the inner trough comprises modular sections.

Figure 6. A three dimensional view of a modular section according to the invention.

Figure 7. A view of a transverse cross-section of a trough with modular sections in situ. Figure 8. A three dimensional view of a device comprising a means to receive external power.

Figure 9a. An illustration of a mains power source, connecting lead and plug.

Figure 9b. An illustration of a USB power source (computer), connecting lead and plugs.

Figure 9c. An illustration of a rechargeable tooth-brush base as power source, connecting lead, plug and induction coil.

Figure 10. An illustration of a device coupled to an induction charger.

Figure 11a to d. A view inner trough provided with straight edged, round edged and conical protrusions.

Figure 12. An illustration of a foil pouch comprising three disposable inner troughs. Figure 13. A kit comprising a device and set of disposable inner troughs.

SUMMARY OF SOME EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device comprising: (a) one or two troughs (1 , 1 1 ), shaped for the immersion of teeth and/or gums of one or both dental arches, said trough provided with one or more protrusions (4) configured to provide physical stimulation to teeth and/or gums, and

(b) a tray (21 ), shaped to receive said trough(s), which tray is disposed with one or more transducers configured to mechanically stimulate said protrusions, and optionally disposed with means to provide light.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein a trough comprises an outer trough (42) coupled to an inner trough (41 ), whereby said inner trough is provided with said protrusions, and said outer trough (41 ) is received by said tray (21 ).

3 Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said inner trough is formed of at least one modular section, which sections align adjacently in the outer trough to form an assembly of protrusions along a channel formed by the modular sections.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein the base of said modular section is provided with a ridge, and the outer trough is provided with a groove configured to engage with said ridge.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein the protrusions present in a modular section are of heterologous shape and/or material.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said transducer is any of ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic motor, or magnetic motor.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said light providing means is an electroluminescent device, ELD (28) or LED.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said light providing means pulsates.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein the frequency of said pulsation is between 1 and 500 times per second.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein the number of light providing means is two or more and means illuminating in patterned sequence.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, further comprising one or more reflectors when the means to provide light is present.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, further comprising one or more power sources.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above wherein said power source is one or more batteries.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above further comprising a means for connection to an external power source.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above wherein said external power source is an electric toothbrush.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above wherein said external power source is a computer USB port.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above wherein said external power source is a personal music player.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above further comprising an inverter when the light providing means is an ELD.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above further comprising one or more switches (24) for control of the device.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above further comprising one or more controllers (26) configured to regulate the transducer and/or light providing means.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above further comprising one or more means to operate the device for a timed period, after which time, the device switches off.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above wherein a channel (3, 45) of said trough (1 , 1") or inner (41) trough or formed by the modular sections is suitable to receive a composition for the treatment of teeth.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above wherein said ELD (28) or LED, where present, emits light of a wavelength suitable for enhancing the activity of one or more agents present in said composition.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said protrusions (4) are capable of abrasive cleaning, massaging and/or polishing teeth and/or gums.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above further comprising a single switch (24) and/or regulating means to operate and control the device.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above wherein at least part of the device is made from a translucent material allowing light from said ELD or LEDs to be viewed from the anterior of said device.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein at least part of the device is made from one or more of the following materials: coloured polymer, patterned polymer, composite, translucent polymer, opaque polymer.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said trough (1 , 1") or outer trough (42) is formed from thermoplastic.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said inner trough (42) or modular sections are formed from teflon.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein at least a portion of said protrusions are coated with a composition for the treatment of teeth.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said composition comprises one or more agents suitable for whitening teeth, cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, or enhancing healing.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said composition for whitening teeth comprises one or more one bleaching agents.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said bleaching agent is hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of between 6 and 15 %.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said composition comprises any of ibuprofen, chloramphenicol, cetylpyridinium chloride, vitamin E, toothpaste.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein at least a portion of said coating is provided with an exterior film.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein said protrusions are one or more bristles, moulded protrusions, rubber beading, abrasive pad or polishing pad.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein one or more of said protrusions are made from teflon.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, wherein shape of the trough or outer trough is adapted to fit the dental arch of a subject, which fitting is determined from a model of the subject's dental arch.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a dental device as described above, the protrusions are suited according to the in-situ tooth type and shape.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a use of a device as described above for any of cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, or enhancing healing.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a use of a device as described above, wherein said trough is provided with a composition comprising one or more agents suitable for whitening teeth, cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, or enhancing healing.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a use of a device as described above, wherein said composition comprises any of hydrogen peroxide, ibuprofen, chloramphenicol, cetylpyridinium chloride, vitamin E, toothpaste.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a use of a device as described above, wherein said composition further comprises a gelling agent.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a use of a device as described above, where said composition is formulated as a stick gel.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a use of a device as described above, where said stick gel is tube-shaped.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a use of a device as described above, where said stick gel is U-shaped.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for providing dental treatment comprising the use of a dental device as described above.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method as described above comprising the steps of

- activating the device, and placing onto teeth or gums, - receiving treatment for a fixed time period, after which time the device automatically stops, and -repeating treatment a number of times, or until the power source runs out.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method as described above, wherein said treatment is any of cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, or enhancing healing.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method as described above, wherein said treatment comprises the steps of: - using said device with composition in which a concentration of agent suitable for use by a profession dentition is present, and

- subsequently using said device with a composition in which a concentration of agent suitable for use by a non-profession dentition is present.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a kit comprising a dental device as described above.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a kit as described above, further comprising a composition comprising one or more agents suitable for whitening teeth, cleaning teeth, treating bacterial infections, relieving pain, treating bad breath, enhancing healing.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a kit as described above, wherein at least one composition comprises a concentration of agent suitable for use by a profession dentition, and at least one composition comprises a concentration of agent suitable for use by a non-profession dentition.

Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a tray shaped for insertion into the mouth, adopting essentially the shape of a dental arch, which tray houses electrical components for transmitting physical simulation and optionally light energy to a trough, which tray is adapted to provide mechanical support to a trough.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one of skill in the art. All publications referenced herein are incorporated by reference thereto.

The articles "a" and "an" are used herein to refer to one or to more than one, i.e. to at least one of the grammatical object of the article. By way of example, "a switch" means one switch or more than one switch.

Throughout this application, the term "about" is used to indicate that a value includes the standard deviation of error for the device or method being employed to determine the value.

The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all integer numbers and, where appropriate, fractions subsumed within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 can include 1 , 2, 3, 4 when referring to, for example, a number of ELDs, and can also include 1.5, 2, 2.75 and 3.80, when referring to, for example, concentrations).

The present invention relates to an autonomous dental device comprising: (a) one or two troughs, shaped for the immersion of teeth and/or gums of one or both dental arches, said trough provided with one or more protrusions configured to provide physical stimulation to teeth and/or gums, and

(b) a tray, shaped to receive said trough(s), which tray is disposed with one or more transducers configured to mechanically stimulate said protrusions, and optionally disposed with means to provide light.

The present invention also relates to a tray, suitable for use in a dental device having one or two troughs, shaped for the immersion of teeth and/or gums of one or both dental arches, said trough provided with one or more protrusions configured to provide physical stimulation to teeth and/or gums, said tray shaped to receive said trough(s), which tray is disposed with one or more transducers configured to mechanically stimulate said protrusions, and optionally disposed with means to provide light.

The inventors have found the presence of a stimulating protrusion on the device can enhance treatments such as whitening, cleaning, massage, pain relief, anti-bacterial treatment, anti- plaque treatment, healing, treatment for bad breath, and tissue stimulation. It also allows simultaneous treatment to all areas of the teeth, and for an appropriate period of time. Disabled, or otherwise impaired users can obtain effective treatment, without the need for arm movements or manipulations otherwise required by dental brushes, for example. The combined use of light, still further enhances treatment. Furthermore, the autonomous nature of the device (i.e. self contained) means the subject is not restricted to treatments which normally require their presence on a dentist's chair and the equipment associate therewith. This further frees the dental chair for other patients. The use of a subject's own dental arch as a support for said functionality alleviates a dental practitioner or user from holding and directing an external cleaning tool. This enables a freedom to use both hands for other tasks.

Reference is made in the description below to the drawings which exemplify particular embodiments of the invention. They are provided for clarity and are not at all intended to be limiting. The skilled person may adapt the device. He may substituent components and features according to the common practices of the person skilled in the art.

Trough

A trough 1, 1' (Figures 1 , 2) according to the present invention is any container shaped for the immersion of teeth and/or gums of the dental arch. The container may be formed by any material that is compatible with the body. Examples of material suitable for a trough 1, 1"

include, but are not limited to polycarbonate, foam, polypropylene, rubberised polymer, composite, polymer, thermoplastic material. It is an aspect of the invention that the trough is formed of the same material throughout. It is an aspect of the invention that the trough is made from two or more materials. For example, a flexible material might be used in the portions of the trough expected to change shape to accommodate a dental arch (e.g. foam in the inner wall of the trough), and a stiff material used to support components (e.g. polypropylene in the outer walls of the trough).

The trough 1, 1' may be formed at least in part of a thermoplastic material which, when placed in hot water, softens and can take on an impression of the teeth. An examples of such thermoplastic material includes ethylene vinyl acetate (ELVAX.®, offered by DuPont Co.).

This material has a vinyl acetate contact of 33%, by weight, a VICAT softening temperature of

97 deg F, and a durometer of 73 shoreA. This allows a customised fitting of the trough, so that the stimulating protrusions 4 make more even and intimate contact with the teeth and/or gums.

The channel 3 of a trough 1 is provided with one or more simulating protrusions 4. Such protrusions are configured to provide physical stimulation to the teeth and/or gums. The trough 1 transmits vibrational energy and movements provided by a transducer in the tray to the simulating protrusions 4. The trough may be disposable.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the trough 1, 1' is of a size, shape and flexibility to allow an adaptable fit on a wide variety of dental arches. Examples of suitable shapes include U-shaped, horse-shoe shaped troughs. A single size has the benefit of reduced mass-production costs, reduced storage space requirements and simpler consumer choice. The single size trough may further be made be formed from a thermoplastic material which adapts to the shape of the subject's teeth and dental arch as mentioned above. Methods of preparing a universal fitting trough are known to the skilled person.

In another embodiment of the present invention the trough 1, 1 1 is available in a variety of sizes and/or shapes. A choice of sizes and shapes provides a close-fitting appliance, and allows the appropriate degree of treatment to be delivered for a given size of dental arch. Methods of preparing a trough with a variety of sizes are known to the skilled person.

In another embodiment of the present invention the trough 1, 1' is custom-made for a particular dental arch and/or teeth. A custom-fitting device has the best fit which allows the treatment to be precisely delivered, to the appropriate degree. Methods of preparing a universal fitting trough, trough with a variety of sizes, and custom-fitting troughs are known to the skilled person. For example, a three dimensional model may be made of the teeth of a subject. Such model can be taken using any conventional technique, such as a tray mould, or medical imaging technique such as MRI, CT-scan, or PET-scan. Alternatively, it can be assembled for one of more photographic images. The model can be an actual physical model, or a model present as data in a computer. Once the model is formed, the most suitable shape of trough is designed for a custom fit.

Furthermore, the protrusions may be suited according to the in-situ tooth type and shape. For example, where a subject has been fitted with a crown, the protrusions aligned with said crown may be formed from a softer material compared with protrusion which treat natural teeth. Alternatively or in additions, the protrusions can be longer where they penetrate in the spaces between the teeth, and shorter where they contact the teeth surfaces. Similarly, they can be of a more abrasive material for the spaces between the teeth, and a softer material for the surfaces of the teeth.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the trough 1, 1" further comprises a receiving means suitable to hold a composition. Such a receiving means in the trough allows agents present in the composition to be activated or enhanced by physical stimulation and/or light. The receiving means can be the channel 3 in the trough. Furthermore, the composition is closely and precisely coupled to the source of physical stimulation or light. It further allows the agents which are activated or enhanced, physical stimulation and/or light to be provided in intimate contact with the source of the physical stimulation and/or light and a subject's teeth and/or gums.

Where the tray provides light, the trough is formed at least partially from light translucent material so light can pass from the tray and through the wall of the trough.

The trough may be provided with one or more coupling means, to allow the trough to locate and connect with the tray 21 (Figure 2). The coupling means may be, for example, a set of recesses 29, which locate and connect with a reciprocating structure, such as, for example a transducer 32 present in the tray. Alternatively or in addition, the coupling means may be a slot 33 situated in the wall of the trough 1 1 (Figure 3) which accommodates a complementary structure in the tray 21. Such complementary structure can be a component, such as an ELD 28. According to one aspect of the invention, the trough 1, 1" is detachable from the tray 21.

Double- or single-trough device One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device 5 disposed with two troughs (1 , 1') as illustrated herein, each connected to a common tray. Both troughs are provided with protrusions. This configuration is depicted in the Figures. Thus, physical simulation and optionally light are provided by the single tray to both troughs. The troughs 1 , 1 1 of the device 5 are arranged so that the teeth and/or gums of both the upper and lower arches are each immersable in separate troughs.

Such a double-troughed dental device 5 allows both the upper and lower arches to be treated simultaneously, so halving the time for the treatment of both arches compared with a single trough. Another embodiment of the present invention is a double-troughed dental device 5 described above further comprising a means for the passage of air between the posterior and anterior of said dental device. Such a means may be any, and includes, but is not limited to, one or more openings between the upper and lower troughs, one or more ducts connecting the posterior of the dental device to its anterior end. Said means allows a subject to breathe comfortably while receiving treatment from the device.

The present invention also encompasses a device provided with a single trough 1 , connected to the tray 21. The single-trough device is suitable for treatment of a single dental arch. It may be used where, for example, teeth of one dental arch are absent, or obstructed with a dental brace. The single trough device comprises equivalent features of the double-troughed device as illustrated, such as, for example, protrusions, circuitry, optionally inner and outer troughs, tray etc. The single trough device is not illustrated.

Two part trough

According to one aspect of the invention, a two part trough 44 comprises separable inner trough 41 and outer trough 42 elements (Figure 4). Both elements adopt the shape of the trough as described above, the outer trough being slightly larger to as to accommodate and support the inner trough within the channel 43. The inner trough is disposed with a plurality of protrusions configured to provide physical stimulation to the teeth and/or gums.

Thus, another embodiment of the present invention is an autonomous dental device comprising: (a) one or two troughs, shaped for the immersion of teeth and/or gums of one or both dental arches, each trough comprising an inner and outer trough, which outer trough accommodates said inner trough, which inner trough is provided with one or more protrusions configured to provide physical stimulation to teeth and/or gums, and (b) a tray, shaped to receive said outer trough(s), which tray is disposed with one or more transducers configured to mechanically stimulate said protrusions, and optionally disposed with means to provide light.

The outer trough 42 serves to transmit stimulating movements from the tray 21 to the inner trough 41. The outer trough 42 may be provided with one or more coupling means, to allow the trough to locate and securely connect with the tray 21. The coupling means, as described above may be, for example, a set of recesses which locate and connect with a reciprocating set of protrusions in tray. Alternatively or in addition, the coupling means may be a slot situated in the wall of the outer trough 42 which accommodates a complementary structure in the tray 21. Such complementary structure can be a component, such as an ELD 28.

The outer trough 42 may similarly be formed from any material suitable including, but are not limited to polycarbonate, polypropylene, rubberised polymer, composite, polymer, thermoplastic material. It is an aspect of the invention that the outer trough 42 is formed from a flexible material which allows some change in shape to accommodate different dental arch sizes dental arch. It is an aspect of the invention that the outer trough 42 is formed at least partly from a light translucent material. The outer trough may transmit movements provided by a transducer in the tray to the simulating protrusions. The outer trough may be provided with one or more coupling means, to allow the trough to locate and securely connect with the tray, as described above.

The outer trough 42 may be formed at least in part of a thermoplastic material which, when placed in hot water, softens and can take on an impression of the teeth. An examples of such thermoplastic material includes ethylene vinyl acetate (ELVAX.®, offered by DuPont Co.). This material has a vinyl acetate contact of 33%, by weight, a VICAT softening temperature of 97 DEG F., and a durometer of 73 shoreA. This allows a customised fitting of the trough, so that the stimulating protrusions 4 make more even and intimate contact with the teeth and/or gums.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer trough 42 is of a size, shape and flexibility to allow an adaptable fit on a wide variety of dental arches. Examples of suitable shapes include U-shaped, horse-shoe shaped troughs. A single size has the benefit of reduced mass-production costs, reduced storage space requirements and simpler consumer choice. The single size trough may further be made be formed from a thermoplastic material which adapts to the shape of the subject's teeth and dental arch as mentioned above.

In another embodiment of the present invention the outer trough 42 and/or inner trough 41 is available in a variety of sizes and/or shapes. A choice of sizes and shapes provides a close- fitting appliance, and allows the appropriate degree of treatment to be delivered for a given size of dental arch.

In another embodiment of the present invention the outer trough 42 and/or inner trough 41 is custom-made for a particular dental arch. A custom-fitting device has the best fit which allows the functionality to be precisely delivered, and hence the appropriate degree of treatment to the dental arch. Methods of preparing a universal fitting trough, trough with a variety of sizes, and custom-fitting troughs are known to the skilled person. For example, a three dimensional model may be made of the teeth of a subject. Such model can be taken using any conventional technique, such as a tray mould, or medical imaging technique such as MRI, CT-scan, or PET-scan. Alternatively, it can be assembled for one of more photographic images. The model can be an actual physical model, or a model present as data in a computer. Once the model is formed, the most suitable shape of trough is designed for a custom fit.

Furthermore, the protrusions may be suited according to the in-situ tooth type and shape. For example, where a subject has been fitted with a crown, the protrusions aligned with said crown may be formed from a softer material compared with protrusion which treat natural teeth. Alternatively or in additions, the protrusions can be longer where they penetrate in the spaces between the teeth, and shorter where they contact the teeth surfaces. Similarly, they can be of a more abrasive material for the spaces between the teeth, and a softer material for the surfaces of the teeth.

The inner trough fits within the channel 43 present in the outer trough 42. It couples closely with the outer trough so that stimulating movements are transmitted efficiently to the protrusions. The wall of the inner trough 41 may be formed from any material suitable including, but not limited to polycarbonate, polypropylene, rubberised polymer, composite, polymer, thermoplastic material, teflon. It is an aspect of the invention that the inner trough is formed from a flexible material which allows the inner trough to be readily inserted and removed from the outer trough. A flexible material also allows some change in shape to accommodate different dental arch sizes dental arch. It is an aspect of the invention that the inner trough 41 is formed from a light translucent material. The inner trough may be changeable and/or disposable. The inner trough is disposed with a plurality of protrusions configured to provide physical stimulation to the teeth and/or gums. The inner trough can be changed according to the task e.g. polishing, cleaning, massaging where different protrusions are provided for each task. It may also be replaced after wear. In the foregoing description, a trough can mean a one-part trough 1, 1' or two-part trough 44, unless the distinction is otherwise made.

Modular inner trough

According to one embodiment of the invention, a two part trough 44 comprises separable inner trough 41 and outer trough 42 elements as described above, wherein the inner trough comprises one or more modular sections (51 , Figures 5, 6 and 7). A modular section 51 , has the same cross-sectional shape as the inner trough described above (Figure 6), but shorter in length. It is of a length sufficient to cover the width of one or more teeth (e.g. 2, 3, 4, 5 teeth); contrary to the above described inner trough that is of a length to fit all or most the teeth of the dental arch. Each section 51 , is suitable for insertion in the outer trough 42. The sections

51 , align adjacently in the outer trough to form an assembly of protrusions along a channel 55 formed by the modular sections. The size and shape of each section 51 , can be the same or can be adapted, depending on the shape of the trough at its intended position. For example, it can be curved for insertion into the trough corresponding to the front teeth, it can be straight for insertion into the trough corresponding to the position of the molars. Each section is provided individually with a set of protrusions 4. Spaces 55 may exist between the modules, or spaces between the modules may be avoided by closely abutting each adjacent modular section.

Each modular section 51 may be provided with a securing means for attachment to the outer trough. For example, a ridge 53 may be provided on the base of each modular section, which ridge 53 engages with a reciprocating groove 54 provided in the outer trough. The ridge 53 may be shaped to allow stabilisation of the modular section in the outer trough 42, while allowing the modular sections to move along the groove 54 provided in the outer trough 42 by way of application of force. The ridge 53 may be in the shape of a "dovetail" as shown in Figure 6, for engagement with a complementary-shaped groove in the outer trough to achieve a secured arrangement. The outer trough may be provided with one or more 'stops' 52 against which the end modules abut. Such stops prevent undue movement of the modules, especially where they are secured to the base using a groove and ridge arrangement described above. It is within the scope of the invention that a module is secured to the trough using a suitable adhesive.

The modular sections permit the formation of a bespoke device which can be custom made to fit the teeth of the subject. A single modular section can be provided with a set of protrusions suitable for treatment of the corresponding in-situ tooth type and shape. For example, where a subject has been fitted with an artificial crown, the module aligned with said crown may comprise protrusions formed from a softer material compared with protrusion which treat natural teeth. Thus, the protrusions present in one modular section may differ from those present in another section, depending on the requirements of the treatment.

The protrusions present in a single modular section may be of different lengths and materials. The protrusions can be longer (62, Figure 7) where they penetrate in the spaces between the teeth 71 , and shorter (61 , Figure 7) where they contact the teeth surfaces. Similarly, they can

be of a more abrasive material for the spaces between the teeth, and a softer material for the surfaces of the teeth. Thus, the protrusions present in a modular section may be of heterologous shape and/or material.

Tray

A tray 21 (Figures 2, 3) according to the present invention is a supporting means for a trough, configured to couple with the base of the trough. The tray is preferably of a similar footprint to the trough e.g. horseshoe, or U-shaped. The tray is shaped for insertion into the mouth. The tray may adopt essentially the shape of the dental arch. The function of the tray is to house the electrical components of the device 5, to transmit physical simulation and optionally light energy to the trough, and to provide mechanical support to the trough(s).

Thus, one embodiment of the present invention is a tray 21 (Figures 2, 3) shaped for insertion into the mouth, adopting essentially the shape of a dental arch, which tray houses electrical components for transmitting physical simulation and optionally light energy to a trough, which tray is adapted to provide mechanical support to a trough.

The tray 21 may comprise a supporting frame 22, adapted to contact and support the trough(s), and also provides a structure onto which the electrical components can be mounted. The frame 22 may transmit physical stimulation from a transducer to the trough.

It is an aspect of the invention that the body of tray is formed from substantially a single continuous sheet so forming a sealed device. In the latter case, the tray may, for example, be formed in a mould, and components and working parts introduced therein during a moulding process.

It is another aspect of the invention that the body of the tray is formed of different interfitting parts. In such case, a tray may be assembled from separately moulded parts which are clipped and/or sealed together. For example, the supporting frame 22 and electrical component cover 23 might be separately formed, so that during production, components and working parts can be readily assembled into the device 5. Furthermore, reversibly interfitting

parts allow access to be gained to the workings of the device, for example, for repair or to change a battery etc.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a tray 21 further comprises a means to receive one or more components to provide physical stimulation and light to the trough (e.g. transducers 32, ELDs 28, switch 24, batteries). Said means are any which allow said components to be securely positioned, reversibly or permanently. Where the component provides physical simulation or light, the means allows the component to reside to the suited position, so the physical simulation or light is provided towards the desired location. Examples of such means include but are not limited to one or more hollows in the wall of the trough, one or more grooves, holes, lugs, ridges, slots, gripping means etc, provided in said hollow or a wall of the trough.

Protrusions In one embodiment of the present invention, a trough 1 is provided with one or more stimulating protrusions 4. In a two part trough, the inner trough 41 is provided with said protrusions. Such protrusions are configured to provide physical stimulation to the teeth and/or gums. A protrusion provides physical stimulation by means of a transducer 32 present in the tray which converts electrical energy into physical simulating movement. A transducer is connected to a protrusion either directly or via one or more coupling means (e.g. via the frame 22 of the tray, and the wall of the trough 1 , 41), so that the protrusion 4 moves in concert with the transducer 32. When applied to the teeth and gums, the simulating protrusions 4 provide whitening, cleaning, massage and/or tissue stimulation.

A movement of a protrusion 4 can take any path within a restricted area or volume of movement. For example, the movement can be a rotation of a protrusion in a continuous clockwise, or anti-clockwise direction, for example. It can be a rotation which alternates between clockwise and anticlockwise movements. It may be a back and forth movement, or a side to side movement. It may be a translational movement along a regular or irregular path which returns to the same point after each cycle. It may also be an irregular translational movement, which movement occupies a restricted area or volume of movement. It may be a combination of the aforementioned movements, e.g. rotation combined with lateral translation. The movement of a protrusion 4 provides physical stimulation. Physical

stimulation is within the ordinary meaning of the word, for example, the application of mechanical force.

Depending on the frequency of movement and on the material used to construct the effector end of the protrusion, the protrusion may achieve the effect of dragging, rubbing, abrasing, brushing, scraping, polishing, massaging, scrubbing, grinding, etc. The protrusions may be one or more bristles, moulded protrusions, rubber beading, abrasive pad, polishing pad etc. Where the bristles are formed from moulded material such as rubber or polymer, such moulded protrusions may adopt various shapes and arrangements as shown in Figure 11a-d, where the protrusion 111 in Figure 11a, can adopt the shaped depicted in Figures 11b to 11d. A protrusion made be a straight-edged pad (Fig 11 b), a rounded pad (Fig. 11 c) or a set of flat- topped conical members (Fig. 11d). The protrusions made be any from any suitable material which is compatible with the requirements of toxicity, hardwearing, stability and comfort. Examples of materials include rubber, plastic, polypropylene, extruded plastics or rubbers, polycarbonate, or teflon.

The frequency of movement may be suitable for, for example, rotating a set of bristles on the surface of teeth and gums. Alternatively, the frequency of such movement may be suitable for massaging teeth and gums. The frequency and intensity of the movement may be adjusted according to the desired application.

The protrusions 4 are provided on the inside wall of the trough 1, or inner trough 41 , and arranged so as to contact any of the anterior, posterior or top surfaces of the teeth and/or gums, or a combination thereof. For example, to clean the front teeth, a set of protrusions such as bristles may be provided in the anterior inner wall of a trough. To enhance the treatment provided by the protrusions, a composition comprising agents such as toothpaste, tooth polish, anti-bacterial compounds etc. may be added to a trough.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the protrusions are pre-coated with composition. A coating with composition dispenses with the requirement by the subject to add separate treatment agent to the channel before use. Furthermore, the pre-coating allows the manufacturer to precisely control the dose of composition. This is important where active agents, such as whitening agents, due to their strength can be used only at low

concentrations at home. Carefully dosing the active agent of the coating can permit safe administration of composition up to or near a maximum limit.

So that the coating is not degraded, for example, by oxidation with the air, it is an aspect of the invention that the protrusion coating is provided with an exterior film. The film protects the coating from oxidation and possibly other effects such as hydration. The film can be any substance applied over the coating, which substance provides a barrier to the coating. The film permits storage of the pre-coated trough over time, but is broken upon use, allowing the composition to be released.

Where the trough or inner trough is disposable, it is envisaged it can be thrown away after a fixed number of uses, such as a single use, two uses, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more uses.

Transducers A transducer 32 (Figure 3) may be any device with converts electrical energy into mechanical movement, for example, an ultrasonic motor, ultrasonic transducer, a magnetic motor, an AC motor etc. Additional components may be provided to convert, for example, rotational movement of a transducer into lateral motion, such components and configuration thereof being known to the person skilled in the art. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a transducer 32 is positioned on the tray 21 such that stimulation is directed towards the desired location. In a preferred embodiment, stimulation is provided to the supporting frame 22 of the tray 21.

Ultrasonic transducer According to one embodiment of the present invention, a transducer 32 is an ultrasonic transducer. An ultrasonic transducer according to the invention can be any type, including, but not limited to, air transducers, contact transducers, ultrasonic transmitters, piezoelectric transducers, piezo film transducers, and magnetostrictive transducers. The number of ultrasonic transducers in a device 5 of the invention when present may be 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, or more than 20. In a preferred embodiment, the number of ultrasonic transducers is four.

The frequency range of an ultrasonic transducer according to the invention is between 20 to 800 kHz, 20 and 700 kHz, 20 and 600 kHz, 20 and 500 kHz, 20 and 400 kHz, 20 and 300 kHz, 20 and 200 kHz, 20 and 150 kHz, 20 and 100 kHz, 20 and 50 kHz, 20 and 30 kHz, or 20 and 250 kHz.

An ultrasonic transducer provided in a device 5 according to the invention allows ultrasonic stimulation to be administered via the protrusions to the teeth and/or gums, and may be used to provide, for example, ultrasonic cleaning to the teeth and/or gums, increasing blood flow to the gums, loosening plaque on the teeth and below the gums, massage, and stimulation of the tissues. Ultrasonic stimulation may also activate and enhance the action of substances held in the trough such as, for example, cleaning agent, anti-bacterial agent, pain killer, massage gel etc.

Ultrasonic motor According to one embodiment of the present invention, a transducer 32 is an ultrasonic motor. An ultrasonic motor according to the invention can be any type, including but not limited to ultrasonic piezoelectric motors, and thin-disc piezoceramic ultrasonic motor transducers. The number of ultrasonic motors in a device 5 of the invention when present may be 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, or more than 20. In a preferred embodiment, the number of ultrasonic motors is four.

Such an ultrasonic motor provides a massaging to the teeth and/or gums which increases blood flow, loosens plaque and enhances healing. An ultrasonic motor may be positioned anywhere in the device suitable for conducting physical stimulation to the teeth and/or gums. For example, an ultrasonic motor may be positioned such that it vibrates at least a portion of a trough as disclosed herein.

Such an ultrasonic motor may conduct movement to one or more protrusions located on the device and described below. Said protrusions contact the teeth and/or gums, and are capable of abrasive cleaning and/or polishing thereof.

Magnetic motor

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a transducer 32 is a magnetic motor. A magnetic motor is any which uses a magnet or magnetism to drive movement. An magnetic motor according to the invention can be any type, including but not limited to permanent- magnet motors, AC motors. The number of magnetic motors in a device of the invention when present may be 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, or more than 20.

Such a magnetic motor provides a massaging to the teeth and/or gums which increases blood flow, loosens plaque and enhances healing. A magnetic motor may be positioned anywhere in the device suitable for conducting physical stimulation to the teeth and/or gums. Such an magnetic motor may conduct movement to one or more protrusions located on the device and described below. Said protrusions contact the teeth and/or gums, and are capable of abrasive cleaning and/or polishing thereof.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a magnetic motor is a flat-permanent- magnetic motor as produced by VibratorMotor (KOTL, China, part number C1026B200F). Such motor is around 1cm in diameter, operates at 3VDC, and rotates internally at 10 000 rpm. It has no external moving parts.

Means to provide light

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the optional light providing means are positioned such that light is directed towards the desired location. According to another embodiment of the present invention, light providing means 28 is positioned such that light is directed towards the anterior surface of said teeth and/or gums. This may be achieved, for example, by providing an ELD on the tray directed towards the anterior surface of the teeth. According to another embodiment of the present invention, light providing means is positioned such that light is directed towards the posterior surface of said teeth and/or gums. This may be achieved, for example, by providing an ELD on the tray directed towards the anterior surface of the teeth. According to another embodiment of the present invention, light providing means is positioned such that light is directed towards to the top surface of said teeth and/or gums. This may be achieved, for example, by providing an ELD on the tray directed towards the top surface of the teeth. The invention may include a plurality of suitable

positioned light providing means, providing light to a combination of anterior, posterior or top surfaces.

According to one aspect of the invention light providing means may be disposed within the wall of the tray so that the light is provided through the material of the wall of the tray. According to another aspect of the invention at least part of the light providing means is exposed, so that light does not necessarily pass though the material of a wall of the tray. According to the latter aspect, at least part of light providing means is recessed, proud or flush with the surface of the tray.

LED

In one embodiment of the present invention, a light providing means is a light emitting diode (LED). An LED of the present invention may be any suitable for incorporation into the tray. The provision of at least one LED in a device according to the invention may enhance dental processes such as cleaning. An LED has a long lifetime compared with bulbs, therefore, a device of the present invention requires low maintenance. The power consumption of an LED is lower than that of a convention bulb, therefore, the power supply may also be miniturised and battery life extended. LEDs are capable of emitting light only, while emitting little or no heat, therefore, procedures which are enhanced only by light can be selectively activated. An LED provided in a device according to the invention allows light to be directly administered to the teeth and or gums, and may be used to activate substances in a composition contained in the trough.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, an LED is capable of emitting light of a single wavelength or range of wavelengths. Examples of the spectral bands of light include, but are not limited to visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, and infrared light.

For emitting visible light, an LED can be any, including but not limited to a coloured LED (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet etc), a white-light LED, an ultrabright LED. For coloured LEDs, the emitted wavelength or range of wavelengths are any of the visible spectrum, and are generally in the range 420 to 660 nm, and preferably between 450 to 490 nm, and most preferably about 470 nm.

According to one aspect of the invention, an LED provides a continuous light. According to another aspect of the invention, an LED provides a pulsating light. Where the light is pulsating, the frequency of pulsation may be more than 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 , 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 , 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 59, 60 or more than 60 times per second. It may be 1 to 400, 1 to 300, 1 to 200 , 1 to 150, 1 to 100, 1 to 50 or 1 to 25 times per second. The pulsation may be "on or off', or may fade to "on or off 1 states.

The number of LEDs in a device of the invention when present may be 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, or more than 20.

Electroluminescent device

In one embodiment of the present invention, light providing means an electrolumiscent device (ELD). An known in the art, an ELD is similar to a laser in that photons are produced by the return of an excited substance to its ground state, but unlike lasers ELDs require much less energy to operate and do not produce coherent light. EL is also used in lamps and backlights. There are four steps commonly understood to produce electroluminescence in ELDs:

1. Electrons tunnel from electronic states at the insulator/phosphor interface;

2. Electrons are accelerated to ballistic energies by high fields in the phosphor;

3. The energetic electrons impact-ionize the luminescent center or create electron-hole pairs that lead to the activation of the luminescent center; and

4. The luminescent center relaxes toward the ground state and emits a photon.

All ELDs have the same basic structure as known by the skilled person. There usually at least six layers to the device. The first layer is a baseplate (usually a rigid insulator like glass), the second is a conductor, the third is an insulator, the fourth is a layer of phosphors, and the fifth is an insulator, and the sixth is another conductor.

ELDs are quite similar to capacitors except for the phosphor layer. An ELD can be thought of as a "lossy capacitor" in that it becomes electrically charged and then loses its energy in the

form of light. The insulator layers are necessary to prevent arcing between the two conductive layers.

An alternating current (AC) is generally used to drive an ELD because the light generated by the current decays when a constant voltage is applied. There may be, however, ELDs that are DC driven.

ELDs are well known in the art, and understood to mean illumination devices characterised according to one or more of the features below: - comprising a (semiconducting) phosphor,

- EL is produced by electrical excitation of a phosphor,

- an ELD comprises a pair of electrodes and a phosphor layer, said electrodes capable of activating the phosphor, or

- an ELD comprises an inverter.

The electrodes and phosphor assembly in an ELD which emit light can be arranged in a variety of configurations as known to the skilled person. For example, they can form a wire, a thin panel which can be a strip, tape, or any regular or irregular shape. They can be flexible or rigid.

An ELD of the present invention may be suitable for incorporation into the tray 28. The provision of at least one ELD in a device according to the invention enhances dental processes such as cleaning. A device of the present invention requires low maintenance. An ELD provides light continuously and evenly along the length of the electrode thereby providing equal energy to the desired teeth, without hotspots (intense light) or blackspots (weak/no light). The power consumption of an ELD is lower than that of a convention light sources, therefore, the power supply may also be miniaturised and battery life extended. ELDs are capable of emitting light only, while emitting little or no heat, therefore, procedures which are enhanced only by light can be selectively activated. An ELD provided in a device according to the invention allows light to be directly administered to the teeth and or gums, and may be used to activate substances in a composition contained in the trough.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, an ELDs is capable of emitting light of a single wavelength or range of wavelengths. Examples of the spectral bands of light include, but are not limited to visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light. The ELDs of the present invention are different from LEDs as is understood by the skilled person.

For emitting visible light, an ELD can be any, including but not limited to a coloured ELD (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet etc), a white-light ELD, an ultrabright ELD. For coloured ELD, the emitted wavelength or range of wavelengths are any of the visible spectrum, and are generally in the range 420 to 660 nm. For curing coloured light-curable dental materials, an ELD may emit blue light (e.g. between 400 and 500 nm). The advantage of using an ELD compared with a conventional halogen bulb is the narrow emission band of the former; if an initiator of polymerisation absorbs light outside a preferred band, the restoration may be compromised.

The number of ELDs in a device of the invention when present may be 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, or more than 20.

According to one aspect of the invention, an ELDs provides a continuous light. According to another aspect of the invention, an ELDs provides a pulsating light. Where the light is pulsating, the frequency of pulsation may be more than 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 , 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 , 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 , 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 59, 60 or more than 60 times per second. It may be 1 to 400, 1 to 300, 1 to 200 , 1 to 150, 1 to 100, 1 to 50 or 1 to 25 times per second. The pulsation may be "on or off 1 , or may fade to "on or off' states.

ELDs generally provide light via one or more wires which illuminate across their entire length, and around 360 deg. A device of the present invention may be provided with one or more reflectors, positioned to reflect some or most of the light emitted away from the teeth, back towards one or more surfaces of the teeth. For example, where an ELD provides light towards the anterior surface of the teeth, one or more reflectors located towards the anterior of the device may reflect light back towards the teeth such that little or no EL can be seen through the anterior of the device.

According to one aspect of the invention, any of the inverter, controller and/or power supply are integrated into the device, i.e. as part of the tray. According to one aspect of the invention, any of the inverter, controller and/or power supply are not integrated into the device. One or more ELD components may be located outside the device. For example, the inverter, controller and/or power supply may be located so that they are outside the mouth when the device is inserted.

Multi-components

It is an aspect of the invention that a device comprises more than one of the same type of component. For example, a tray may be disposed with a transducer and a row of LEDs each of which emits light. It is another aspect of the invention that a device comprises more than one different types of component. For example, a device may be disposed with a row of LEDs, an ELD and the transducer.

Regulating means

Another embodiment of the present invention is a device 5 further comprising one or more means to regulate the components i.e. the transducer and light providing means. Such means is preferably located on the tray 21. Such a means includes a controller 26 comprising circuitry. A controller may regulate each component, or may regulate two or more components as part of the same circuit. In one aspect of the invention, the means may regulate the intensity of the functionality e.g. the brightness of the LED, the intensity of an ELD, the intensity of the physical stimulation. In another aspect of the invention, the means may provide a programmed pulsing of an electrical component e.g. a pulsing output of the transducer, a flashing of an LED, the pulsating the ELD etc. In another aspect of the invention, the means may provide an electrical component with timed on and off periods. Such timing would provide a fixed treatment time, a variable treatment time, a progressively shorter treatment time or a treatment regiment prescribed by a dental practitioner or manufacturer. Such means may be programmable or "hard-wired". It may also control duration and intensity of physical stimulation located in different regions of the trough; for example, the incisors can undergo a more intense cleaning than the molars. Controlling the functionality of one or more components allows the treatment to be precisely modulated according to the needs of the subject. It further allows the treatment to be compatible with any composition placed in the trough. It further allows a single device to have multiple

functionality, said functions being activated depending on the treatment required (e.g. physical stimulation means for plaque removal, combined light and physical stimulation for enhanced treatment).

Programming device

Another embodiment of the present invention is a programming device comprising a means for transmitting regulating information to the controller. The means for transmitting information to the controller may be any, including, but not limited to one, or more electrical contacts, electromagnetic radiation, optical link. A programming device may optionally comprise one or more of the following features: a supporting means for the dental device, a user input means, a display, a computer interface. It is a further aspect of the invention that said programming device comprises one or more of the features of the charging device mentioned below.

Audible/vibration indication Another embodiment of the present invention a dental device further comprising a sound transducer or a vibration transducer which indicates to a subject by sound or by vibration a stage of the treatment, while the subject is wearing said dental device. A sound may be any audible signal, and includes but is not limited to a buzz, one or more tones, clicks, or speech or music. A vibration may be any that can be felt by a dental arch. A device may signal by means of said transducer, for example, the start of treatment, end of treatment, number of minutes until the end of treatment, an error, a change in the program, battery life etc. When speech is used to indicate an event, sound may be transmitted to the ear via the bones of the jaw.

Visual indicator

Another embodiment of the present invention is a device further comprising at least one visual indicating means. An indicating means may be used to provide information such as, for example, battery life, type of program, programming information, program intensity, and any other aspect of the treatment. Examples of indicating means include, but are not limited to LEDs, LCDs. The visual indicating may be one or more LEDs and/or ELDs which are components disposed in the device.

Power source

Another embodiment of the present invention is a device further comprising one or more power sources. A power source may be a battery, a rechargeable cell or any other self- contained means for providing electrical current. A battery may be any, such as, for example, a button battery. A rechargeable cell may be recharged through a mains powered adapter, a car-battery powered adapter, a solar charging means or any other suitable source of electrical current.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the device is powered by an external power source. According to an aspect of the invention, a device is provided with a means (81 , Figure 8) for connection to an external power source. Such means includes, for example, an electrical cable (83) and/or a connection socket (81). The external power source may be, for example, an external battery pack, mains power, solar power, wind-up ("clockwork") generator. Where mains power is used, an transformer (91, Figure 9a) may reduce the voltage if necessary. It is as aspect of the invention that the device takes power from a source already available in a bathroom, such as, for example, from an electric tooth brush. The device may be configured to draw power from an electric tooth brush re-charger e.g. via a device (95, Figure 9c) compatible with the charging base of a tooth brush, such as an induction coil (96). Alternatively, the device may be configured to draw power from an electric tooth brush e.g. from the body of an ultrasonic electric toothbrush. Alternatively, the device may be configured to draw power from a computer (93, Figure 9b) port, such as a USB port (94), a firewire port, a serial port, or a parallel port via a USB plug (92) and cable (83). The device may be equipped with means to draw power from a personal music player such as an iPod™.

It is an aspect of the invention that a device comprises at least one power source which is removable. For example, a button battery might be removed once it has expired, and be replaced with a fresh battery. In another example a device might be supplied with a battery present not as part of the device, for insertion into a device upon use. In another aspect of the invention a device has a means for holding a power source, such that said source can be inserted and removed by a user of the device. Said means may comprise, for example, a battery compartment comprising one or more electrical contacts. Said means may further comprise one or more of a shaped recess complementary in shape to at least part of a

battery, a removable compartment cover, a battery clip, a battery cartridge. Any means for holding a power source so that said source changeable is suitable according to the present invention.

It is another aspect of the invention that a device comprises at least one sealed power source which is designed to last for a fixed number of treatments. Once the treatment has finished or battery life has expired, the device and battery therein are disposed of.

Charging device One embodiment of the present invention is a charging device comprising a means for providing charging current to a rechargeable cell of the dental device. The charging current may be provided by any means, including electrical contact, inductance, electromagnetic radiation. A charging device may optionally comprise one or more of the following features: a supporting means for the dental device, a user input means, a display, a computer interface. The device may couple with a source of induction (102, Figure 10) suitable for charging, so avoiding the requirement for wires connecting to the device during charging.

It is a further aspect of the invention that said charging device comprises one or more of the features of the programming device mentioned above.

Switch

Another embodiment of the present invention is a device further comprising at least one switching means 24. A switch means 24 is preferably located on the tray 21. A switching means may be used to allow control of the device. For example to turn the device on or off, to select a program, to select an intensity, to program the regulator.

Colours and styles

One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device provided in a colour, style and/or material to enable identification of a personal dental device. For example, a device, or parts thereof may be provided in a variety of opaque bright colours, translucent materials, patterned polymers, composites, designer styles, custom painted, photographically etched, embossed, engraved etc. styles. Such identification may be required, for example, in families wherein each family member is in possession of a dental device of the present invention.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a dental device disclosed herein constructed in part from a translucent material which allows light from one or more LED or ELD electrical components to be viewed from the open mouth of a subject. Children, for example, may be reluctant to wear a dental device for any period of time, due to the often unsightly appearance of dental devices. Therefore, it is an aspect of the invention to provide a dental device disposed with at least one visible light LED and/or ELD which may be viewed from the open mouth of a subject, e.g through the translucent material of a trough. A further aspect of the invention is a device wherein two or more visible light LEDs illuminate in a pattern, such as, for example, chasing lights, flashing light etc. A further aspect of the invention is a device wherein at least two visible light LEDs are different colours. For example, a device may have a row of LEDs, each a different colour, and which flash in a predetermined pattern, or in time to speech or music. It is an aspect of the invention that two or more visible light LEDs are two or more visible light ELD or at least one visible light LED and at least one visible light ELD in the above embodiments.

Such an arrangement of LEDs and/or ELDs encourages children, for example, to wear a dental device while receiving treatment - the LEDs/ELDs providing a distraction while simultaneously providing treatment to the teeth and/or gums of the dental arch.

Composition

The trough 1 , 1' or inner trough 41 may be adapted to receive a composition suitable for cleaning teeth, as already mentioned. Preferably, the composition is disposed in the channel 3 of the trough 1 , or channel 45 of the inner trough 41. Even more preferably, the composition is pre-coated onto at least a portion of the protrusions. The composition may comprise one or more agents, which interact with stimulation or light, to enhance their effect or to enhance the effect of the cleaning protrusions. The arrangement allows the composition to be closely and precisely coupled to the source of physical stimulation or light. Thus, treatment can be exquisitely controlled and adjusted according to the needs of the subject.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a composition comprises one or more agents which are bleaching agents suitable for whitening teeth. Examples of bleaching agents are known in the art and include but are not limited to oxygen radical generating agent such as metal ion free peroxides, organic peroxides, metal ion containing peroxides, metal

chlorites, perborates, percarbonates, peroxyacids and combinations thereof. Specific, non- limiting examples of bleaching agents suitable for use with the invention are redox agents such as monopersulfate, Oxone, ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, potassium monopersulfate, potassium peroxymonosulfate, potassium bisulfate, potassium sulfate, and potassium peroxidisulfate. Additional specific, non-limiting examples of bleaching agents suitable for use with the device of the invention are the peroxide class of bleaching agents such as hydrogen peroxide, calcium peroxide, carbamide peroxide, urea peroxide, sodium percarbonate, sodium perborate, calcium hydroxide, calcium chlorite, barium chlorite, magnesium chlorite, lithium chlorite, potassium chlorate, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, magnesium carbonate and perhydrol urea and mixtures and derivatives thereof. In an embodiment of the present invention the bleaching agent used is hydrogen peroxide. According to another embodiment, the concentration of said hydrogen peroxide is between 6 and 15 %.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises one or more cleaning agents, which are suitable for cleaning with teeth and gums. Examples of cleaning agents include baking soda, tooth paste, and tooth gel.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises one or more pain-relief agents, which are suitable for relieving pain associated with teeth, gums and nerves. Examples of pain-relieving agents include but are not limited to aspirin, ibuprofen, brufen.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises one or more anti-bacterial agents, which are suitable for treating bacterial associated with the teeth gums and nerves. Examples of anti-bacterial agents include but are not limited to penicillin, erythromycin, chlroamphenicol, tetracycline.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises one or more anti-bad-breath agents, which are suitable for treating bad breath (e.g. halitosis). Examples of anti-bad breath agents include but are not limited to cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), zinc chloride, and chlorhexidine.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises one or more healing agents, which are suitable for treating wounds, operational openings, swellings or lesions caused by dental braces, dental implants etc. Examples of healing agents include but are not limited to vitamin E, aloe vera.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises one or more plaque-removing agents. Examples of plaque removing agents include, but are not limited to triclosan, chlorhexidine gluconate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sanguinarine, stannous fluoride, octenidine, bispyridine, and delmopinol.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises tooth polish.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises a formulation, suitable for conducting physical stimulation (e.g. vibration) or light to the teeth. Such a formulation enable the efficient and effective transfer of energy from the trough to the teeth and/or gums.

In another embodiment of the invention, the composition may comprise a combination of agents and/or formulations which permit multiple treatments, enhanced by multiple stimulations and/or light. For example, a composition may comprise light-activated pain relief agents, mechanically stimulated menthol agents; a suitably configured device may simultaneously or sequentially activate the pain relief agents and enhance the methanol agents. Such a multiple therapy delivered by a single unit provide enhanced treatment for the subject in a conveniently-delivered form.

The composition according to the present invention, may be formulated as a liquid or gel and packaged as a single use fluid-filled pouch. Such a package provides a course of treatment wherein the number of pouch indicates the length of the treatment. For example, a teeth cleaning course might be packaged to contain between 1 and 10 pouch. Alternatively, the composition might be packaged in a single bottle.

The composition can be formulated using carriers well known in the art in dosages suitable for administration. Such carriers enable to be formulated as coatings, liquids, gels, slurries, suspensions and the like, for application to the trough and protrusions.

Stick gel

According to one embodiment of the present invention, an composition is formulated as a stick gel for insertion into the channel of the trough or inner trough as disclosed herein.

Suitable formulations of the agents for a stick gel are any which provide the appropriate viscosity, stickiness, friction, and are compatible with the teeth/gums and trough.

Considerations include the ability to enter crevices of the teeth and gums, ability to be contained within the trough without undue spillage, ability to conduct functionality (e.g. light, heat, electrical, physical stimulation) to the agents and the teeth, ability to remain on a dental arch for a period of time, compatibility with the agents, ability to maintain a form which can be inserted and removed from the trough. Suitable formulations of agents and carrier are known to the person skilled in the art.

In an embodiment, the stick gel can be formulated in a high viscosity aqueous or nonaqueous gel. Non-limiting examples of gelling agents useful in the present invention include carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxypolymethylene, carboxypropyl cellulose, poloxamer, carrageenan, silica and natural gums such as gum karaya, xanthan gum, Guar gum, gum arabic and mixtures thereof. For example, the amount of gelling agent to form the gel composition can be from 0.1% to 15%, preferably from 1% to 10% by weight of the substance. Humectants may be added when formulating the gel. Non limiting examples of suitable humectants useful in the present invention include glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol and other food grade polyhydric alcohols. Typically humectants can be present in an amount of from 10% to 95% by weight of substance. A pH adjusting agent may be added to optimize stability of the gel and make it safe for the hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity. Non-limiting examples of suitable pH adjusting agents include sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, citric acid and combinations thereof.

According to one aspect of the invention a stick gel is a straight tube-shape having sufficient flexibility be bent for insertion in the trough. According to one aspect of the invention a stick gel is essentially tubular, its shape complementing at least part of the channel of the trough.

The stick gel according to the present invention, may be packaged as a plurality of stick gels. Such a package provides a course of treatment wherein the number of stick gels indicates the length of the treatment. For example, a teeth cleaning course might be packaged to contain between 1 and 10 stick gels. Alternatively, a stick gel might be singly packaged. Types of packaging for the stick gel of the invention are any and include, foil pouches, blister packs, foil-sealed trays, etc.

Treatments

One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device as disclosed herein for use in treating teeth and/or gums. Another embodiment of the present invention is a use of dental device as disclosed herein for treating teeth and/or gums. Examples of treatments include, but are not limited to cleaning teeth, removal of stains, fighting gum disease, treatment of bacterial infections, treatment of bad breath, healing, loosening plaque, and polishing. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating teeth and/or gums comprising the step of applying a dental device as disclosed herein to either or both dental arches. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating teeth and/or gums further comprising a step of placing a composition as disclosed herein into said dental device.

According to one embodiment, a device may be programmed to treat the gums and/or teeth for a fixed period of time (e.g. 2 to 30 minutes), after which time, an audible signal is emitted indicating the end of the treatment. The device may be used in this way daily, for example, for a number of prescribed days, or until the batteries run out.

Dental practice treatment and continued home treatment Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating the teeth and/or gums teeth of a subject comprising:

(A) the use of a dental device and composition on a subject as disclosed herein by a dental practitioner, wherein the concentration of an agent in the composition is suitable for supervision by said practitioner, and

(B) the subsequent application and use of said dental device and composition by a non-dental practitioner, wherein the concentration of an agent in the composition is in the range not requiring supervision by said practitioner.

Thus, a subject may visit a dental practitioner for one or more treatments, wherein a high concentration of agent is used, suitable for use by a dental professional. Subsequent treatments may be performed at home, using less concentrated amounts of agents, by the non-practitioner, preferably the subject. The dental device may be the same device throughout the treatment. The practitioner may provide the subject with instructions on how to use the device, may program the device for the course of treatment, and/or may select the most appropriate concentration of agent. The method provides an advantage that the subject receives professional advice and treatment, said treatment being conveniently continued away from the dental surgery.

Cleaning

One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device as disclosed herein for use in cleaning teeth (e.g. stain removal, polishing). Another embodiment of the present invention is a use of dental device as disclosed herein for cleaning teeth. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for cleaning teeth comprising the step of applying a dental device as disclosed herein to either or both dental arches. In one embodiment, a dental device is configured with the protrusions and/or light providing means to enhance a teeth cleaning agent. In another embodiment a dental device is configured with the protrusions and/or light providing means which act directly on the teeth or gums to provide teeth cleaning.

Pain relief

One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device as disclosed herein for use in relieving pain. Another embodiment of the present invention is a use of dental device as disclosed herein for relieving pain. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for relieving pain comprising the step of applying a dental device as disclosed herein to either or both dental arches. In one embodiment, a dental device is configured with the protrusions

and/or light providing means to enhance a pain-relieving agent. In another embodiment a dental device is configured with the protrusions and/or light providing means which act directly on the teeth or gums to provide pain relief.

Bacterial infections

One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device as disclosed herein for use in treating bacterial infections. Another embodiment of the present invention is a use of dental device as disclosed herein for treating bacterial infections. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating bacterial infections comprising the step of applying a dental device as disclosed herein to either or both dental arches. In one embodiment, a dental device is configured with the protrusions and/or light providing means which activate or enhance an anti-bacterial agent.

Bad breath One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device as disclosed herein for use in treating bad breath. Another embodiment of the present invention is a use of dental device as disclosed herein for treating bad breath. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for treating bad breath comprising the step of applying a dental device as disclosed herein to either or both dental arches. In one embodiment, a dental device is configured with the protrusions and/or light providing means which activate or enhance an anti-bad-breath agent.

Enhanced healing

One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device as disclosed herein for use in enhancing healing. Another embodiment of the present invention is a use of dental device as disclosed herein for enhancing healing. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for enhancing healing comprising the step of applying a dental device as disclosed herein to either or both dental arches. In one embodiment, a dental device is configured with the protrusions and/or light providing means which stimulate blood flow. By stimulating blood and optionally providing heat, healing times are greatly reduced. This may benefit the recovery of a subject after dental procedures such as, for example, tooth extraction or any procedure which causes lesions. It may further assist in the control of discomfort associated with wearing orthodontic braces that need adjusting, and with post dental implants. The

treatment may be combined with the use of a composition comprising, for example, any of vitamin E 1 aloe vera, heat conducting formulation, pain-relieving agent etc.

Loosening plaque One embodiment of the present invention is a dental device as disclosed herein for use in loosening plaque. Another embodiment of the present invention is a use of dental device as disclosed herein for loosening plaque. Another embodiment of the present invention is a method for loosening plaque comprising the step of applying a dental device as disclosed herein to either or both dental arches. In one embodiment, a dental device is configured with the protrusions and/or light providing means which activate or enhance a plaque loosening agent. In another embodiment, a dental device is configured with the protrusions and/or light providing means which activate or enhance a plaque loosening agent. For example, for use with a composition comprising triclosan, a dental device is provided with an ultrasonic transducer.

Kit

Another embodiment of the present invention is a kit comprising a dental device as disclosed herein and composition as disclosed herein.

According to one aspect of the invention, the kit provides liquid composition, (e.g. in a bottle, as one or more pouches or as gel stick) which comprise a higher concentration of agent suitable for use by a dental practitioner, and liquid composition comprising a lower concentration of agent, suitable for home use. The kit is intended for use in the first instance by a dental practitioner for whitening teeth: The composition comprising a higher concentration of agents are intended for use by the practitioner on the subject, and the a composition comprising a lower concentration of agents are intended for use by non- practitioner, for example by the subject.

According to another aspect of the invention, the kit provides one or more a composition which comprises a composition suitable for home teeth cleaning. The kit is intended for use by a non-practitioner for cleaning of a subject's teeth.

The composition can comprise agents as described above. A kit may be provided with any combination of compositions as disclosed herein and a device. The composition may further comprise a combination of agents for example one or more of pain-relief agents, tooth whitening agents, anti-bacterial agents, anti-bad breath agents etc. Thus a kit may be suitable for providing a combination of therapies such as, for example, bad breath, or pain relief and enhanced cleaning.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The present invention is exemplified by the following figures which do not limit the scope of the invention.

Figure 1 depicts a three-dimensional model of a dental device 5, comprising an upper trough 1, and lower trough 1' mounted on a supporting frame 22 of a tray. The channel 3 of the upper trough 1 is provided with stimulating protrusions 4. The lower trough 1 1 , is similarly disposed with channel and protrusions (not shown). A snap-on cover 23 protects electrical components and battery. Control of the device is given by access 27 to a switch.

Figure 2 depicts an exploded view of the device in Figure 1 , where the upper trough 1 is lifted from the tray 21. The tray 21 is revealed as comprising a supporting frame 22 disposed with one or more transducers 32 which connect with the trough 1 , 1 1 , through complementary recesses therein, (not shown). Also revealed is a light providing means which is an ELD 28. Figure 3 depicts an exploded view of the device in Figure 2, where the lower trough 1 1 is lifted from the tray 21. The transducers 32 located on the supporting frame 22 of the tray 21 are clearly indicated. Said transducers 32 provide vibrations to the trough, and connecting therewith through complementary recesses 29 therein in the base of the trough 1'. The snap- on cover 23 is removed from the tray 21, showing electrical components including a switch 24 and controller 26. The ELD 28 is shown to extend into the space occupied by both troughs. The lower trough 1' is disposed with a slot 33 to receive the ELS 28; this configuration simplifies the construction of the device, meaning the trough(s) can be replaced without replacement of electrical components. Figure 4 shows a three dimensional drawing of a two-part trough 44, where an inner trough 41 , suitable for immersion of teeth and/or gums of a dental arch is housed in a channel 43 of an outer trough 42. The outer trough coupled with the tray. Clearly indicated are the protrusions, servicing the top surface 46, anterior surface 47, and posterior surface 48 of the teeth and/or gums. The channel 45 of the inner trough 41 , may be provided with composition.

Figure 5 shows a three dimensional drawing of a two-part trough, where the inner trough comprises one or more modular sections 51a, 51b. Each section 51a, is suitable for insertion in the outer trough 42, and to receive one or more teeth of the dental arch. A modular section 51a is more curved for insertion into the trough 42 corresponding to the front teeth, while being straight 51b for insertion into the trough 42 corresponding to the position of the molars. Each section is provided individually with a set of protrusions 4. The outer trough 42 is provided with a groove 54, complementary with a dovetail-shaped ridge 53 from the base of each section 51b, which ridge and groove connect to secure the section 51b in the trough 42. End stops 52 are provided in the outer trough 42 against which the sections abut. Figure 6 shows a modular section 51 in isolation, comprising bristle-like protrusions, which bristles are longer in the centre 62 and shorter towards the edges 61 of the modular section. Figure 7 shows a transverse cross-sectional view of the device in situ, emphasising the contact of the longer bristles 62 with the spaces between the teeth 7, and the shorter bristles 61 in contact with the surface of the teeth 7. Figure 8 shows a device 5 of the invention provided with a means 81 to receive power from an external source, which means is a round jack-plug socket in this instance. Also shown is a jack plug 82 and cable 83, along which power is provided.

Figure 8 shows a device 5 of the invention provided with a means 81 to receive power from an external source, which means is a round jack-plug socket in this instance. Also shown is a jack plug 82 and cable 83, along which power is provided.

Figure 9a illustrates a transformer 91 , suitable for converting mains power to a voltage and form suitable for use with the device.

Figure 9b illustrates a computer 93 equipped with a USB socket, through which power can be provided to the device via a cable 83 connecting a USB plug 92 to a jack-plug 82. Figure 9c illustrates the charging base 96 of an induction charged toothbrush, which base plugs 97 into the mains. An induction coil 95 connect via appropriate lead 83 and additional necessary circuitry to deliver power to the jack plug 82.

Figure 10 shows a device 5 of the invention coupled to an induction charging base 102, via a housing 101. Figures 11a to 11d show an inner trough according to the invention, provided with a plurality of protrusions 111 , which protrusions can be essentially straight edged (Figure 11 b) such as square or oblong shaped, have a rounded front (Figure 11c) or be conical (Figure 11d) in shape.

Figure 12 shows a sealed pouch 121 comprising three disposable inner troughs 41.

Figure 13 shows a kit comprising a box 131 in which a device 5 of the invention and a set of disposable inner troughs 41 are presented.