BACKGROUND QF THE INVENTION [0001] This invention relates generally to evaluation of articles positioned on a body, and in particular to a computer-based simulation system for evaluating articles with a comfortable fit to a human body across a body's range of motion and subjected to various use conditions. [0002] Clothing and other articles which are used on the body should interface with the body so as to be comfortable when the user is stationary, such as when standing or sitting, and also during movement, such as when walking. One ideal article would fit against the user's body with suitable contact pressure sufficient to hold the article in place but without constricting the skin or degrading comfort. This is challenging because of the wide variation in body shapes of potential users and the various potential material properties the article may have can affect the interactions between the body and the article. [0003] Body fit is often influenced by size or shape of the article but is also characterized by less tangible descriptions such as moving with the body or being less noticeable while wearing. Fit depends on an initial position of the article relative to the body and any subsequent user movements which shift relative positions, deflect the article's shape, and/or cause the article to apply greater or lesser pressure against the user's body. Comfort is influenced by multiple factors including the shape"of the user's body, mechanical properties of the underlying bodily tissue, the shape and size of the article, mechanical properties of the article, and interactions between the article and any other adjacent articles. These properties are highly three-dimensional in nature and are not easily analyzed when designing a new article or improving an existing article's configuration. [0004] In addition to comfort, articles may have functional requirements which aggravate the difficulty in finding a satisfactory article configuration. For example, absorbent products for personal care and/or personal protective use, such as disposable diapers, disposable pants, medical garments, feminine hygiene products, incontinence products, medical drapes, facemasks and barrier products, should fit well against the body not only for comfort, but also for effectiveness in absorbing bodily exudates without leakage. A product of this type that fails to fit well may apply undesired pressure against the user's body or contain gaps or openings that can cause the product to fail functionally. For example, as a person stands up from a seated position or walks, his or her thighs may squeeze a diaper or other absorbent product and may deform it in a manner that results in leakage of fluid. [0005] The development of new or improved products that avoid these problems is complex due to the large number of potential shapes, contours, sizes, component materials, and material distributions. The advent of newer materials with an improved range of compressive and elastic properties and less bulk emphasizes a need to understand the complex interactions between the body and the product. Unfortunately, the process of identifying an acceptable or optimum combination of design parameters which is functionally effective and comfortable across a normal range of user body shapes and motions is time consuming and becomes a substantial expense. [0006] New products are typically defined with initial reliance on historical data, and are subsequently tested both in physical laboratories and in wearer use. Such tests use sample products in conjunction with human test subjects or physical models of test subjects. Unfortunately, physical testing has many limitations. The sample products can be constructed only with readily available materials and construction techniques. Even if materials and construction techniques are available, the time and expense of assembling a variety of sample articles for testing can be substantial and potentially prohibitive. Testing procedures are limited to available and acceptable physical tests. These tests, when available, are limited by their physical nature including safety issues, which are especially applicable as they relate to human-use testing. Moreover, the resources needed for human-use testing can be enormous and the time required for that testing could delay market entry. One can go through considerable time and expense to find out that a material or product idea will not work.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0007] In one embodiment, a method of the present invention of evaluating a product worn on a body generally comprises creating a computer based product sub-model of the product wherein at least one parameter of the product sub¬ model is variable as a function of fluid loading of the product. A computer based interaction model is created comprising at least in part instructions corresponding to fluid loading of the product. The product sub-model and the interaction model are combined in a use model to simulate interaction of components of the product model upon varying the at least one parameter of the product sub-model as a function of the fluid loading. The use model is evaluated to determine the performance of at least one product feature of the product in response to fluid loading of the product. [0008] In another embodiment the method comprises creating a computer based body sub-model of at least a portion of the body on which the product is positioned. A computer based product sub-model of the product is created, at least one parameter of which is variable as a function of fluid loading of the product. A computer based interaction model is also created and comprises instructions defining how the body sub-model and the product sub-model interact and further comprises instructions corresponding to a fluid loading of the product. The body sub-model, the product sub¬ model and the interaction model are combined in a use model to simulate interaction between the body sub-model and the product sub-model in response to fluid loading of the product. The use model is evaluated to determine the performance of at least one product feature of the product in response to fluid loading of the product. [0009] In yet another embodiment, the method generally comprises creating a computer based body sub-model of at least a portion of the body on which the product is positioned. A computer based product sub-model of the product is created and comprises at least one of product material data and product geometry data. A computer based interaction model is created to comprise instructions defining how the body sub-model and the product sub-model interact. The interaction model also comprises a field variable wherein at least one parameter of the at least one of the product material data and the product geometry data of the product sub-model is variable as a function of the field variable. The interaction model further comprises instructions for varying the field variable as a function of elapsed simulation time to thereby vary the at least one parameter. The body sub-model, the product sub-model and the interaction model are combined in a use model which simulates an elapse of time during which the at least one parameter is modified to thereby modify the product sub-model from a first condition of the product to a second condition thereof. The use model simulates interaction between the body sub-model and the product sub-model to produce a first representation of at least one product feature of the product corresponding to the first condition of the product and to further produce a second representation of the at least one product feature of the product corresponding to the second condition of the product. The use model is evaluated to determine the performance of the at least one product feature of the product during the elapsed simulation time. [0010] Other objects and features of the present invention will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0011] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram showing a method of evaluating and designing a product for use on a body; [0012] FIG. 2 is a flow diagram showing steps of creating a wearer sub-model for the method of FIG. 1; [0013] FIG. 3 is a perspective representation of a point cloud model of a representative wearer; [0014] FIG. 4 is a perspective representation of a volume mesh model of the representative wearer shown in FIG. 3; [0015] FIG. 5 is a perspective representation of a volume mesh model of a pelvis and femurs of the representative wearer; [0016] FIGS. 6A-C are perspective representations of a finite element model of the representative wearer illustrating fore/aft articulation; [0017] FIGS. 7A-C are perspective representations of a finite element model of the representative wearer illustrating leg closure articulation; [0018] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram showing steps of creating a product sub-model for the method of FIG. 1; [0019] FIG. 9 is a perspective representation of a finite element model of the representative product; [0020] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram showing steps of creating an environment sub-model for the method of FIG. 1; [0021] FIG. 11 is a flow diagram showing steps of creating an interaction model for the method of FIG. 1; [0022] FIG. 12 is a flow diagram showing steps of creating a use model for the method of FIG. 1; [0023] FIG. 13 is a top plan view of a representative product, partly broken away to show internal construction; [0024] FIG 13A is a perspective simplified representation of the product of FIG.13 according to one embodiment of the method; [0025] FIG. 14 is a perspective representation of an example of the product in a simulated final position; [0026] FIG. 15 is a perspective representation of the stresses (Mises stresses) in the product; [0027] FIG. 16 is another perspective representation of the product applied to the wearer showing placement of the product; [0028] FIG. 17 is a perspective representation of a product according to one embodiment of the method; [0029] FIG. 18 is a perspective representation of the wearer showing the contact pressure profile between the product and the wearer; [0030] FIG. 19 is another perspective representation of the wearer showing the contact pressure profile between the product and the wearer at a different point during application; [0031] FIG. 20 is a perspective representation of the wearer walking with the product; [0032] FIG. 21 is a perspective representation of forces on the product represented as vectors; [0033] FIG. 22 is a schematic plan representation of a panty and a rigid surface used to apply the product of FIG. 9; [0034] FIG. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of the representative product of FIG. 22 in conjunction with a representative wearer; [0035] FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of the wearer with the representative product in place; [0036] FIG. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional representation of the wearer after thighs have moved together illustrating deformation of the product; [0037] FIG. 26 is a schematic top plan view of an absorbent body of a diaper; [0038] FIGS. 27A and 27B are together a table of parameters used in performing four different example simulations; [0039] FIG. 28 is a front elevation representation of one-half of a diaper on a wearer's torso with the diaper in a dry condition; [0040] FIG. 29 is a front elevation representation similar to FIG. 28 with the diaper in a fluid loaded condition; [0041] FIG. 30 is a front elevation representation similar to FIG. 29 with the wearer in a sitting position; [0042] FIG. 31 is a side elevation representation of a contact pressure profile between a diaper and the inner thigh of a wearer as determined using a first simulation method; and [0043] FIG. 32 is a side elevation representation similar to FIG. 30 but determined using a second simulation method. [0044] Appendix 1 provides an example of input files for an example using the method to evaluate a diaper. [0045] Appendix 2 provides an example of input files for an example using the method to evaluate a feminine care pad. [0046] Appendix 3 provides an example of an input file for an example using the method to evaluate a fluid loaded diaper. [0047] Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the views of the drawings.

DEFINITIONS [0048] "Body fit" is the relationship between a body and a product, and may also include the influence of the environment on the body and product. [0049] "Constraints" may include forces, internal pressure, and limits to displacement at selected nodes. [0050] "Contact constraints" define how components interact with each other such as by including specifications dictating or restricting the relative locations or contact surfaces of a model or sub-model and assigning frictional or thermal characteristics when surfaces meet. [0051] "Kinematic constraints" define specifications dictating or restricting the motions of a model or sub-model. [0052] "Instruction" defines how parts of the different sub-models interact with each other. [0053] "Material properties" define the characteristics or parameters of a modeled material and may include the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and the like. For example, a user can select mechanical properties to simulate fabric, nonwovens, elastics, bone, muscle, body fat, tendon, etc. [0054] "Product features" are measurable features of a product used to evaluate or design the product, such as stress, force vectors, contact pressure, curvature of a surface, deformation, density profiles, etc.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT [0055] Referring now to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1, a method, generally indicated by reference numeral 10, of evaluating a product for use on a body, is shown. The method 10 is used to develop a preferred product configuration using a computer-based virtual product development and testing system. When used herein, examples of specific equipment, software, products, and wearers are for illustrative purposes, and other types of these items may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. In one embodiment, the method 10 includes creating a virtual wearer sub-model 20 at step 20' and creating a virtual product sub-model 22 at step 22'. An environment sub-model 24 may also be generated at step 24 ' so that environmental factors affecting the product or the wearer may also be used in designing or evaluating the product. Information used to create the sub-models 20, 22 and 24 can be obtained from product studies, databases, input from customers, or other sources of product, wearer or environmental data. Numerical method analysis is used to transform the modeling solution of complex interaction between the wearer sub-model 20 and the product sub-model 22 into a system of algebraic equations. Any of the several methods of conducting numerical method analysis known to those skilled in the art may be used. Preferably, finite element analysis (FEA) is used, however, other methods such as finite difference scheme (FDS) , boundary element method, minimax methods for parameterized forms, neural network schemes, or cellular automata can also be used. Generally, FEA simplifies the problem into a finite number of unknown fields, sub-divides the region to be analyzed into elements, and expresses each unknown field in terms of assumed approximating functions within each element. Each geometric sub-model is divided into small sections called finite elements through a process referred to as meshing, with a number of nodal points, or nodes, defined at intersections of adjacent elements in the mesh. Meshing is performed using conventional software. Constraints and material properties are then applied to each element of the meshed structure. For example, a user can select mechanical properties to simulate fabric, nonwovens, elastics, bone, muscle, body fat or tendon. As known to those skilled in the art, the types of analysis on the meshed model may include static linear analysis, dynamic non-linear analysis, stability analysis, fluid flow analysis, or heat transfer analysis. [0056] Instructions defining how the wearer sub-model 20, the product sub-model 22 and the environment sub-model 24 interact are introduced in an interaction model 28 created at step 28'. The sub-models 20, 22 and 24 and the interaction defined by the interaction model 28 are then combined to create a virtual use model 30 at step 30' simulating the use of the virtual product sub-model 22 by the virtual wearer sub-model 20. The use model 30 calculates the forces, deformations and stresses caused by movement and interaction between the virtual wearer sub-model 20 and the virtual product sub-model 22 using FEA analysis to solve the solutions for the algebraic systems of equations using conventional FEA software to produce simulation results 32 at step 32' . [0057] The results 32 of the use model 30 are analyzed at step 34 to evaluate the performance of body and/or product features embodied in the virtual sub-model 20, 22 such as when positioned on a virtual wearer and exposed to typical movements or forces. The analysis evaluates the performance of at least one body and/or product feature of the product and/or wearer body. As will be explained in more detail below, body and product features are analyzed to better understand the product structure prior to developing and manufacturing a prototype. For example, two possible product features that may be measured and analyzed are a stress and a strain field. The stress or strain fields are analyzed to determine if the stresses or strains are within desired parameters. If the desired performance level is not achieved, or if additional testing is desired, the analyzed results can be used at step 36 to redesign the virtual product by modifying the characteristics of one or more of the of the sub-models 20, 22 and 24 or the interaction model 28 in order to modify the properties that affect the performance of the body and product features. A user may decide at step 36 to modify the sub-models, or a software program may perform an iterative process to obtain results 32 within a specified range of values. Alternately, the user may decide to modify the sub-models after completing the interaction model at step 28' or the use model at step 30' . After modifying one or more characteristics of the sub-models 20, 22, 24 or the interaction model 28, the steps of running the interaction model 28 and the use model 30 and to obtain new results 32 are performed. The results 32 are again analyzed at step 34 to evaluate the new design. A user may also perform the method 10 using several sub-models 20, 22 and/or 24 having different parameters to perform a controlled set of experiments. For example, sub-models can be created with high and low values for desired parameters and tested. The user then analyzes the results 32 of the multiple runs and based on expertise, statistical analysis, or other decision-making factors, select suitable parameters. It is contemplated that the user may perform the method 10 using any combination of sub-models, for example, creating several product sub-models 22 for use with a wearer sub-model 20 or several environmental sub-models for use with a wearer sub¬ model. Once acceptable or optimum performance levels for the performance features are determined, the product sub-model 22 can be used as an aid in designing a prototype of the product or specific components of the product. [0058] The method of the invention can be used to design and evaluate any product positioned on a body and particularly a product worn on the human body. For purposes of describing the method and system, the invention is described hereinafter primarily with reference to two personal care absorbent products, specifically a feminine care pad and a diaper. However, it is understood that the method and system may be applied to design and evaluate other wearable articles, such as for example incontinence articles, training pants, facemasks, shoes, and clothing, as well as other products such as medical bandages, medical drapes, jewelry and the like without departing from the scope of this invention.

THE VIRTUAL WEARER SUB-MODEL [0059] The computer-based virtual wearer sub-model 20 is a model of a body in a form that can be used for computer simulation. The wearer sub-model 20 preferably defines a deformable "body", such as a person's torso, created to evaluate a product to be worn on the body defined by the product sub-model 22. Alternately, the wearer sub-model 20 can be defined as a rigid body or other object. Preferably, the wearer sub-model 20 is a model of a representative wearer of the product to be designed and evaluated. In one embodiment, the virtual wearer sub-model 20 defines a solid shape corresponding to a representative wearer of the product having mechanical and surface properties. The representative wearer is determined from available usage, demographic, and/or anthropometric data. Although any set of criteria can be used to define this wearer, preferably the criteria defines the three-dimensional surface topography of the wearer, or may include height, weight, and waist, hip, and thigh circumference measurements for the wearer. [0060] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the virtual wearer sub-model 20 includes various sub-models defining information about the typically simplified representation of the wearer. The wearer sub-model 20 includes a wearer initial condition sub-model 40. The wearer initial condition sub-model 40 includes any specified condition that is present at a time selected as the beginning of the event to be modeled. Examples of such initial conditions include the temperature of the body or whether muscles modeled by the model are flexed. [0061] The virtual wearer sub-model 20 includes a geometry sub-model 42. The geometry sub-model 42 includes specifications of the one dimensional (1-D) , two-dimensional (2-D) , or three-dimensional (3-D) shape and dimensions of the wearer components as well as the position and orientation within a reference frame. In one embodiment, the geometry sub-model 42 includes coordinates of 3-D surface patches describing the exterior shape of the wearer and any internal components to be modeled. For example, the geometry sub¬ model 42 may include 3-D coordinates relating the location of a hip joint to a point on the surface of the wearer. [0062] The wearer sub-model 20 includes a wearer material sub-model 44. The wearer material sub-model 44 receives material property data 45 for the wearer to be modeled. The material property data 45 may include information such as the measured, modeled or estimated material characteristics or parameters of the representative wearer. For example, the material property data 45 may include information related to the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, or density, such as density of bone or soft tissue, of the wearer. The wearer material sub-model 44 defines the intrinsic (measured or estimated) material behavior of the material property components. For example, soft tissue is modeled using a hyperelastic material model to describe a non-linear stress versus strain relationship and incompressibility. [0063] The wearer sub-model 20 also includes contact constraints 48 that define how wearer components interact with each other. The contact constraints 48 include specifications dictating or restricting the relative locations or contact surfaces of the wearer or portion of the wearer and assigns frictional or thermal characteristics when surfaces meet. The contact constraints 48 include whether the components are bonded together or are free to slide with respect to each other. For example, the exterior surfaces (skin) of the wearer may touch but may not penetrate other surfaces. Preferably, the wearer sub-model 20 defines a representative wearer that is deformable with realistic mechanical properties. The sub-model 20 can account for significant variation in mechanical properties with location, such as inner thigh vs. mid back, and natural contours or overall shapes. The wearer sub-model 20 should include sufficient definition to allow the product to "hang" on natural points on the body (e.g., a diaper is held up by the hips) . The wearer sub-model 20 also includes kinematic constraints 49 dictating or restricting the motions (translational or rotational) of a wearer or portion of the wearer. Some examples of such kinematic constraints 49 are the head of the femur is not allowed to translate with respect to the acetabulum, and the rotation angle of the hip may be limited to, for example, 45 degrees. The wearer sub¬ model 20 should balance the need to have realistic anatomical features with the need for appropriate model simplicity. [0064] The virtual wearer sub-model 20 is created from a surface point cloud of the representative wearer as indicated generally by reference numeral 50 in FIG. 3. Point cloud data includes a series of points in 3-space that define the surface of an object or body and are generated from various digitization or scanning technologies as is known in the art. In one embodiment, the surface point cloud 50 is obtained from a database containing surface point clouds of persons of various physical sizes. Although any available database or source of surface point clouds can be used to obtain the surface point cloud 50 of the wearer, in one embodiment the data is obtained for an adult wearer from the well known, commercially-available Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource database collected by the U.S. Air Force commonly known as the CAESAR database (information available on the World Wide Web at hec.afrl.af.mil/cardlab/caesar/index.html) . [0065] If the method 10 is used to evaluate or design a diaper, a point cloud of a torso is obtained from a mannequin model of a small-size infant. It is desirable to use a surface point cloud 50 of a pose with an unobstructed view of a region of interest on the body to be modeled. Figure 3 illustrates a pose of a standing pose of the subject used for evaluating a feminine pad. In one embodiment, in order to reduce the calculational complexity of the model, only the portion of the body in the vicinity of the region of interest is modeled. For example, the wearer sub-model 20 is used1 in the design of a feminine care pad. In this example, the lower torso 52 and upper legs 54 of the representative wearer are modeled, as they are the body portions that most strongly influence the performance of the product described herein. However, one skilled in the art will understand that any portion of the body may be considered a region of interest depending on the product being designed or evaluated. [0066] Referring now to Figure 4, a volume mesh model 56 of the wearer's torso geometry is generated from the surface point cloud 50 of Figure 3. As shown in this example, the volume mesh model 56 defines the surface of the torso 52 and upper legs 54 with a discretized representation of adjacent sections with interconnected nodes. In one embodiment, a watertight volume is generated from the point cloud data using methods known to those skilled in the art. It is desirable to create a "watertight" network of surface patches enclosing the representative wearer volume. The surface model may be subsequently converted to a solid model using appropriate methods specific to the software being used as is known to those skilled in the art. The solid model representation of the wearer may be discretized or meshed using suitable meshing software. Any suitable combinations of geometry manipulation or meshing software can be used to convert the surface point cloud 50 into a volume mesh 56, such as I-DEAS® meshing software from EDS of Piano, Texas, or Geomagic® geometry manipulation software from Raindrop Geomagic of Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. [0067] Typically, surface point cloud data inherently contains gaps and distortions resulting from the scanning procedure used to produce the surface point cloud 50. During the mesh generation process, these gaps are filled in and distortions removed. For example, the CAESAR data was obtained by laser scan of a partially clothed person. Therefore, this procedure cannot generate surface point cloud data of hidden regions covered by clothing. The CAESAR database lacks detail in the relevant perineal region of the subject due to the subject's legs being almost closed in the standing position. Accordingly, the labia region and other regions altered or hidden by the clothing are filled in. If needed or desired, more detailed data for the hidden regions can be generated. The enhancement of the raw surface data is done to isolate and carefully define the area of importance. Although any area can be isolated and defined, in this example, the torso region is isolated and key surface features such as areas of high curvature are carefully defined in the volume mesh model 56. [0068] As depicted in FIG. 5, the internal structure of the torso is also modeled. Previously, a foam torso test stand has been used to physically test products. In one embodiment, the foam torso test stand's internal components are modeled rather than actual human anatomy to simplify the modeling effort and to allow for direct qualitative comparison between virtual models and test stand data. Starting from the triangular-based volume mesh (see FIG. 4) of the torso and a triangular-based volume mesh of internal components such as a pelvis 57 and femurs 58 as illustrated in FIG. 5, triangular-based volume meshes are created to complete the volume between the components that will be filled with solid elements. Thus, disjoint legs are constructed in the same fashion with pivot points 59 located at approximate hip joint locations 60 to allow for realistic leg closure and fore-aft articulation. [0069] The next step in the simulation process involves adding detail to and refining the user mesh from a coarse mesh to a fine mesh (grid) size if needed. The tissue properties of the representative wearer are then applied to the volume mesh model 56 in the virtual wearer sub-model 20 with the material property data 45. In one embodiment, tissue properties for bone, muscle, fat, and skin are obtained. In another embodiment, bone and bulk soft tissue (lumped properties for muscle, fat, and skin) are modeled. The tissue properties may be obtained from literature and/or test data for use with the wearer sub-model 20. However, one skilled in the art will understand that other suitable tissue properties can be used and any appropriate method used to obtain them. In one embodiment, a softened layer simulating surface fat and muscle is bonded to a rigid substructure to allow for compliance in the torso for later installation of the virtual product sub-model 22. [0070] The volume mesh model 56 and the tissue properties are combined to create a finite element model using suitable software. Although any suitable finite element software can be used for the modeling, the process described herein uses the ABAQUS®/Explicit finite element software, such as Version 5.8, 6.2 or 6.3, commercially available from Abaqus, Inc. of Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Alternately ABAQUS®/Standard finite element software is used. It is desirable to give the finite element model an initial undeformed and unstressed shape in the wearer initial condition sub-model 40. For example, in the feminine pad embodiment, a position approximately halfway between a sitting position and a standing position with the legs slightly spread is desirable. This is to mimic the construction of a physical mannequin torso. This initial position allows the finite element model to be moved into either a sitting or standing position without generating excessively distorted elements within the model. The upper legs 54 can also be articulated fore/aft as illustrated in Figs. 6A-C, or spread through reasonably large angles as illustrated in Figs. 7A-C.

THE PRODUCT SUB-MODEL [0071] Figure 8 illustrates the creation of the product sub-model 22 of Figure 1. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the product to be modeled is selected based on the product desired to be developed and evaluated using the virtual model method 10. In one embodiment, the product sub-model 22 simplifies the product into a form having a solid shape with selected mechanical and surface properties so that the model can be placed in simulation. The computer-based virtual product sub-model 22 is preferably created as a three-dimensional definition of a desired product with a conventional Computer Aided Design (CAD) system. Although any suitable computer drawing tool can be used to represent the product, the example described herein uses AutoCAD® computer drawing software from Autodesk, Inc. of Sausalito, California and Solid Works® from SolidWorks, Corp. of Concord, Massachusetts. [0072] As illustrated in FIG. 8, the virtual product sub-model 22 includes various sub-models defining information about the typically simplified representation of the product. The product sub-model 22 includes a product initial condition sub-model 70. The product initial condition sub-model 70 includes any specified condition from a product data history 71 that is present at a time selected as the beginning of the event to be modeled obtained. Examples of such initial conditions include the initial temperature of the product or initial stress conditions, such as prestressing. For example, elastic in the diaper may be prestressed (stretched) when attached to a cover. The product sub-model 22 may undergo an annealing process to artificially force the accumulated stresses and strains in the product or a portion of the product to be zero while maintaining a specified position . [0073] The product sub-model 22 includes a product geometry sub-model 72. The product geometry sub-model 72 includes specifications of the 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D shape and dimensions of the product components as well as their position and orientation in a reference frame. For example, in one embodiment, the geometry sub-model 72 includes CAD drawings, solid models, thickness of a layer, embossing lines, and macroscopic absorbent pad topology. [0074] The product sub-model 22 includes a product material sub-model 74. The product material sub-model 74 is a representation of the intrinsic (measured or estimated) material behavior of the product components. The product material sub-model 74 receives product material property data 75 for the product to be modeled. The material property data 75 may include information such as the measured, modeled or estimated material characteristics or parameters of the representative product. Material property data 75 may be obtained from preexisting databases or through testing. The material property data 75 may include information related to the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio, density of product components, shear modulus, bulk modulus, yield stress, and/or elongation at yield of the product. For example, the product material sub-model 74 may use a linear elastic model, a hyperelastic model, or a viscoelastic model to describe the stress and strain behavior, degree of compressibility, and time dependency in the product material. It is understood by those skilled in the art that some material properties are dependent on the "in-use" conditions of the product material. For example, the material properties of some product materials, such as elastic or elastomeric materials and adhesives may be dependent on such conditions as the product temperature or body temperature of the wearer, the relative humidity, the percent elongation, material deformation, and the like. Preferably, where material properties are dependent on the in-use conditions, material property data 75 specific for the modeled conditions are used. Where the material properties are not substantially dependent on the typical conditions or where it is desired to simplify the complexity of the sub-model, more generic material property data 75 may be used. [0075] The product sub-model 22 also includes contact constraints 78 that define how product components interact with each other. The contact constraints 78 include specifications dictating or restricting the relative locations or contact surfaces of a product or portion of the product and assigning frictional or thermal characteristics when surfaces meet. The contact constraints include whether the components are bonded together or are free to slide with respect to each other. For example, contact constraints 78 may include forced bonding of product layers, such as a liner and a surge layer, at their interface with a no slip/no separation condition, or engagement of diaper fasteners. [0076] The product sub-model 22 also includes kinematic constraints 79 which include specifications- dictating/restricting the motions (translational or rotational) of a product or portion of the product. Some examples of such kinematic constraints 79 are fixed positions of the mid diaper back during application of the diaper. [0077] In one embodiment illustrated in FIG. 9, a product, generally indicated at 80, representative of a feminine care pad is generated. The feminine pad product sub-model 22 comprises five layers 82-86 of different materials. The top layer 82, defined as the layer closest to the torso during use, is the cover and is modeled with shell elements. The second layer 83 is a thick distribution layer modeled with solid elements. One skilled in the art will understand using shell elements or solid elements to model different layers. The third layer 84 is a thin fluid transfer layer modeled with shell elements. The fourth layer 85 is a thick shaping layer modeled with solid elements. The bottom layer 86 is a thin baffle layer modeled with shell elements. [0078] Mesh density may be increased, if desired, in selected localities to improve both the modeling accuracy and the fidelity of the finite element analysis in a region of interest. Similarly, the number of layers may be reduced and the modeling of layer interaction may be simplified to reduce time required for analysis, if such simplification is not detrimental to accuracy for a particular simulation, such as when layer interaction is of secondary importance. The complexity of the mesh (number, size, and shape of elements) is a balance between the needs to reduce computational analysis requirements and to provide good resolution into the analysis. Contact between the various layers 82-86 is accounted for initially with a tied contact pair option available in the modeling software. In an alternate embodiment, this accounting can be modified to permit slippage between layers 82-86 that are not bonded in the actual product as defined by the contact constraints 78. [0079] Mechanical properties of the various materials and components of the product 80 are obtained and defined in the material property data 75 to be used in the product sub¬ model 22. Although any suitable mechanical properties could work, the properties used herein include stress and strain relationships , Poisson's ratio, density and friction properties. These properties are obtained from estimates, measurements, and literature references on the individual components, the product used, or similar products. [0080] The product and properties are combined to create a finite element model of the virtual product sub¬ model 22. Although any suitable finite element software can be used for the modeling, the software package used herein is ABAQUS®/Explicit. The product sub-model 22 can account for multiple layers or components with specific functions (e.g., temporary storage, transport, non-wet feeling) or made from anisotropic materials (e.g., mechanical properties different in x, y and z directions) . The product sub-model 22 can account for material properties for individual components vs. lumped aggregate product. Different material models are required for different components (vs. for example treating everything as a simple linear elastic) . The product sub¬ model 22 can account for geometry based on design drawings or specifications and products that are often held in place by adjacent clothing structures. The product sub-model 22 can account for buckling behavior or plasticity that can lead to non-reversible or permanent deformation of the product (for example, once the diaper or pad is squeezed between thighs, it does not return to its initial shape) . The product sub¬ model 22 can account for limited intrinsic drape or preset shaping patterns. Multiple fitting or deformation patterns are possible.

THE ENVIRONMENT SUB-MODEL [0081] The computer-based virtual environment sub-model 24 of FIG. 1 describes the interactive elements of the environment that will participate in the virtual use model 30. The environment sub-model 24 includes information about typically simplified representation of the surroundings. Examples of environmental elements that can have an effect on deformation of the product during use include fluids, such as blood, urine, sweat, and other body exudates, external forces, such as from a car seat or a panty, temperature which can change mechanical behavior of elastic and gasketing components, and other environmental factors, such as clothing, a mother's hand, and/or a caregiver's habits. Additionally, packaging and storage conditions can dictate appropriate initial conditions for the simulation. One example of an environment item is a virtual panty sub-model used in the feminine pad embodiment. In order to improve the accuracy of the product sub-model 22, the virtual panty model is added to the product sub-model 22 to aid in application of the feminine pad to the wearer. [0082] As illustrated in FIG. 10, the virtual environment sub-model 24 includes an environment initial condition sub-model 90, a geometry sub-model 92, and an environment material sub-model 94. The environment initial condition sub-model 90 includes any specified condition that is present at a time selected as the beginning of the event to be modeled. Examples of such initial conditions are an initial velocity of a caregiver's hand, an ambient temperature, and/or components of the panty that are initially positioned separated from each other. [0083] The geometry sub-model 92 may include specifications of the 1-D, 2-D, or 3-D shape and dimensions of the initial of the environmental objects as well as their position and orientation in a reference frame. For example, in some embodiments, the geometry sub-model 92 includes 2-D or 3-D geometry of a car seat or changing table, a parent's hand, and/or geometry of the panty. The environmental material sub-model 94 uses material property data 95. The material property data 95 may include information such as the measured, modeled or estimated material characteristics or parameters of the environmental objects. For example, the material property data 95 may include information related to the density of the environmental item, such as the density of a car seat or panty. The environmental material sub-model 94 is a representation of the intrinsic (measured or estimated) material behavior of the environmental objects. For example, the environmental material sub-model may use a hyperelastic model to describe the panty material . [0084] The environmental sub-model 24 also includes contact constraints 98 that define how environmental components interact with each other such as by including specifications dictating/restricting the relative locations or contact surfaces of the environmental objects or portion of the objects and assigning frictional or thermal characteristics when surfaces meet. The contact constraints 98 include whether the components are bonded together or are free to slide with respect to each other. For example, contact constraints 98 may include information as to whether the cushion on the changing table is in contact with the table and can move on the surface of the table, but not pass through the table. [0085] The environmental sub-model 24 also includes kinematic constraints 99 which include specifications dictating or restricting the motions (translations or rotations) of environmental objects. Some examples of such kinematic constraints 99 are a changing table, car seat, infant carrier or other item fixed in space (i.e., not allowed to move) , a pad pusher constrained to move in the vertical direction, or edges of different panty materials joined so as to make a single seam move together.

VIRTUAL INTERACTION MODEL [0086] Referring now to FIG. 11, the interaction model 28 is intended to establish interactive relationships between the sub-models 20, 22 and 24 and includes both additional constraints as well as dynamic instructions. In one embodiment, the interaction model 28 defines how the product as defined in the product sub-model 22 is applied to the body as defined in the wearer sub-model 22. For example, the interaction model 28 may constrain the product components (from the product sub-model 22) from penetrating the wearer (from the wearer sub-model 20) . The interaction model 28 may also specify how the product and body are to move to facilitate the virtual donning of a product. The interaction model 28 may specify the stresses, forces, contacts pressures, displacements, velocities or accelerations (in the product or the body) at a node, along a line or on a surface. Additionally, the interaction model 28 may account for placement of the product on the body which can affect performance. In one embodiment, an external pad pusher is used to apply and position a feminine hygiene pad relative the body, and then removed for the remainder of the run. The interaction model 28 may account for realistic application (in terms of force, location) of the product to the body (vs. another approach, such as an expanding second skin that becomes a product) . Additionally, the expected latitude in product placement due to individual preference can be defined in the interaction model 28. The interaction model 28 can force the product into a certain configuration to position the product and then relax to allow the product to reach an equilibrium condition determined by the internal forces of the product. For example, waist elastics on a diaper are forced into a desired position relative the wearer and then the internal forces of the diaper are allowed to move the diaper into an equilibrium position on the wearer. [0087] The interaction model 28 includes kinematic instructions 109 which may include specifications defining the positions and motions (translational or rotational) of the sub-models, such as the wearer walking when the product is in place and applying product and clothing to the wearer. The kinematic instructions may include position/displacement instructions (e.g., the front edge of diaper is displaced by (dx, dy, dz) ; back edge of diaper is free to move in the x direction but constrained in the y and z directions to dy=dz=0) . The kinematic instructions 109 may include velocity vector instructions (e.g., an initial velocity vector is specified on an object initially in motion, the motion can be allowed to decay or maintained using a boundary condition) . The kinematic instructions 109 may include acceleration instructions (e.g., an acceleration may be specified at one or more points to facilitate the application of a virtual product) . [0088] Additionally, the kinematic instructions 109 may include multi-point constraints (MPCs) (e.g., the points on adjacent seam edges of a panty may have their translational degrees of freedom constrained to be equal - causing them to move together) . The kinematic instructions may include equation instructions (e.g., relating one or more degrees of freedom of two or more points by some specified mathematical equation, thus constraining their relative motion) . The kinematic instructions 109 may include connector instructions (e.g., a pre-built set of loading and/or kinematic constraints intended to mimic mechanical joints such as a slider or a revolute joint) . The kinematic instructions may include damping instructions (e.g., a relation that produces a force opposing motion based on a relative velocity of a component) . [0089] The kinematic instructions 109 may include sticking instructions (e.g., no relative motion between surfaces allowed) and sliding instructions (e.g., relative motion allowed, separation of surfaces may or may not be allowed depending on the specification) . Additionally, the kinematic instructions 109 may include friction instructions (e.g., mechanism to produce a force opposing motion between surfaces in contact) and lubrication effect instructions (e.g., a means of affecting the friction behavior depending on one or more independently specified values such as degree of lubrication or temperature) . Kinematic instructions also define the motion of the wearer throughout the simulation. One to several representational uses and motions of the product sub-model 22 by the wearer sub-model 20 and the forces generated can be modeled in the interaction model 28. The motions defined in the interaction model 28 to be modeled are selected based on the motions a developer desires to model to assist in developing the product. As illustrated in the examples described herein, the type of motions typically selected are everyday motions (e.g., walking, a sit to stand movement, spreading/closing legs, etc.) or motions that cause a performance stress on the product, such as motions that might cause tearing of the product. For example, although any series of motions may result in a positional gush from a feminine care pad, motions performed transitioning from a sitting to a standing position and motions performed when closing the legs resulting in squeezing of the product are particularly useful in evaluating the performance of the product and are modeled. Although any suitable technique can be used to determine the motions of the wearer, one technique used herein is the MotionStar® motion modeling system from Ascension Technology Corp. of Burlington, VT, coupled with the JACK human simulation software from EDS of Piano, Texas to determine the motion. To analyze the motion of the wearer, data is obtained using sensors at certain wearer body points. Although many sensors can be used with the MotionStar system, the analysis described herein uses six sensors. These sensors determine the position and orientation associated with the back of the neck, the back of the waist, the right and left knees, and the right and left feet. The data obtained is interpreted and translated through the JACK software into joint center motion of the bottom vertebrae in the spine, the right and left hip joints, and the right and left knee joints. The motion data obtained is then incorporated into the interaction sub-model 28. Other sources of data for body movement or motion analysis can be utilized, such as data from one of several published sources known to those familiar with the art of motion analysis. [0090] The interaction model 28 includes loading instructions 106 defining pressures, moments or forces, temperatures or other thermodynamic fields acting on the sub¬ models. For example, the loading instructions may include the parent's hand pulling the diaper fastener with a given force, or gravity. Additionally, the loading instructions 106 may include force (e.g., concentrated load acting on a single point of series of points), pressure (e.g., force distributed over an area) and body force (e.g., the force acting on a body continuum such as gravity or buoyancy) . [0091] The interaction model 28 includes contact instructions 108 dictating or restricting the relative locations or contact surfaces of the sub-models 20, 22, 24 or portion of the objects and assigning frictional or thermal characteristics when surfaces meet. For example, the interaction model 28 can define that the product sub-model 22 cannot penetrate the wearer sub-model 20, that clothing modeled in the environment sub-model 24 cannot penetrate the product sub-model 22, and the friction type and value between product sub-model and the wearer sub-model. Additionally, heat source and/or sink factors and the transfer of heat between components in contact can be defined. For example, heat transferred from the wearer sub-model 20 to the product sub-model 22 simulates body heat going into the product. The contact instructions 108 may include contact/surface interactions (e.g., specification of how two or more surfaces or surface representations interact when and while they meet) . [0092] The interaction model 28 receives field variables 110 such as field intensity for various physical or fictitious quantities that can affect material properties or potentially other loads or instructions. These field values may correspond to physical or fictitious quantities such as temperature. In one embodiment, the nodal temperatures are specified to facilitate shrinkage/expansion as in stretched elastics. In another embodiment, varying (temperature dependent) material properties are introduced, using temperature as a true or fictitious value. Other field variables may include light intensity, proximity to a magnetic source, intensity of fields generated by electric energy, microwave energy, or ultrasound, a lubrication factor, a relative humidity factor, the skin orientation (i.e., Langer' s lines), a local body tissue modulus, material (property) variability, heat transfer factors to/from a heat source/sink, and initial or boundary conditions for field dependent loads. Other field variables 110 may include local (non-uniform) material property (e.g., specifying some areas of the body' s local material property) , stochastical local variation (local deviation of a property or boundary condition) . Other field variables 110 may include the mass fraction or a fraction of a quantity of interest with respect to the total mass of the volume, such as, for example, the mass of fluid in a cubic mm of absorbent material. Additionally, the mass transfer or movement of mass across a defined boundary, typically specified as the flux or mass moving through a unit area can be specified as a field variable.

THE USE MODEL [0093] Referring now to FIG. 12, the virtual use model 30 combines and integrates instructions and model definitions from the wearer sub-model 20, the product sub-model 22, the environment sub-model 24 and the interaction model 28, to define a virtual use simulation. The use model 30 calculates or otherwise determines the forces, stresses and strains caused by movement and interaction between the virtual wearer sub-model 20, the virtual product sub-model 22 and the environment sub-model 24 using FEA analysis to produce simulation results 32. Any combination of one or more of the virtual wearer sub-models 20, virtual product sub-models 22, and virtual environment sub-models 24 may be included in the virtual use model 30 as desired for the particular evaluation to be performed or product to be designed. The virtual use model 30 is driven by the instructions provided by the interaction model 28 and is representative of motion induced by the interaction model 28 on the sub-models 20, 22, 24 through an elapse of time. Preferably, the use model 30 calculates the actual forces on the product or the body at a level of mm resolution. [0094] Animations can be produced as an aid in setting up, using and interpreting the models. Animations can display simulation results over time, depicting the model in any desired orientation. The display options may be set to show the entire wearer and product or just that portion of the wearer and/or product that is of interest for a particular result. Some examples of animations used for viewing results are as follows. The animations help to visualize the actual articulation of the torso and the application of the product discussed herein with references to static images. For example, animations can show the product being applied to the torso, followed by leg closure, then by leg stride. Animations can also show the articulation of the torso from a frontal view, a side view, and an isometric view. Animation can also show a coronal cross-section view of the product being applied to the torso. Views of the torso, product, and environmental features, or of the torso and product, or of only the product can be shown. Finally, animation can show a coronal cross-section view of the product being applied to the torso, initially with legs spread, followed by leg closure. [0095] It may be necessary to use various techniques known to those skilled in the art of FEA to enable the numerical methods to operate. For example to prevent element hourglassing, beam elements around the perimeter of the product can be inserted. To prevent long run times due to artificial inertial effects, mass scaling may be used. To prevent overclosure/wave propagation, damping can be inserted. To prevent limited wearer range of motion due to excessive element distortion, the removal volumes of material can be used. To more accurately model the anisotropic elastic material, a homogeneous membrane together with elastic strands can be used. To allow for non-uniform strain between attached elastic components, elastics can be tied to every 3rd node of the product. To provide controlled contraction of elastics, temperature and thermal expansion can be controlled. To control buckling in a certain direction, a pressure such as from an air puff or rigid pusher can be used. To control contact instabilities, the penalty contact method can be used. To reduce non-physical stress buildup (e.g., in the body) annealing protocols can be used to remove stresses and strain. To control the speed versus accuracy and stability, local or global remeshing can be used. These examples are for illustrative purposes. It may be necessary to use some, all, or additional techniques during the performance of this method 10 to control excessive element distortion, propagation of numerical instability and speed versus accuracy issues. [0096] The results 32 of the use model 30 are analyzed at step 34 to evaluate the performance of virtual product. The analysis 34 evaluates the performance of at least one body or product feature of the product and/or wearer body. The response includes details of the product's behavior, driven by interactions with itself and potentially other factors such as a wearer and/or its surrounding environment. The results 32 include the performance of one or more product features related to the fit, comfort or use of the product. Depending on the product to be developed, a number of body or product features can be looked at to determine whether the product will perform satisfactorily under normal use conditions. [0097] The product features analyzed may include one or more of features such as, but without limitation, product stress, product force vectors, contact pressure distribution on the body, curvature of a product surface, product deformation, density profiles, predicted stresses at selected locations of the product, the gaps between the body and the product, the appearance of the product or garments introduced by the environment sub-model when worn by the body, deformation of the body, contact area between the body and the product, the integral of the pressure over the contact area, the contact area between the panty and the product, appearance of the product when in contact with an external article. For the examples described herein, a product developer can examine the contact pressure on the user from the product, which is a factor in determining the product's comfort. It was seen that the contact pressure distribution in the product varied during use, with higher contact pressure regions adjacent the legs, and lower contact pressure regions away from the legs. In addition, density variations in the product provide insight into the absorbent behavior or permeability of the product. Areas of higher density can tend to absorb fluid less rapidly than areas of lower density. Tensile stress within the product is a large factor in determining the integrity of the product. A concentration of tensile stress in a particular region of the product can lead to tearing of the materials in that region. The fit of the product relative to the wearer contributes to the discretion in the use of the product. Also, the shape of the product during use contributes to many of these results including discretion, pressure, and absorbency. Some or all of these and other product features can be modeled and analyzed by the process described herein. A variety of product designs (e.g., shape, size, materials) may be simulated and comparatively analyzed. Less promising candidate designs may be removed from further study. [0098] The fit of the product can be measured using quantitative measurements to define fit. Some measurements include uniform and optimal tension, contact pressure or stress throughout the product or a portion of the product, providing and/or maintaining a desired surface area of coverage during changes in body position, and conformance to the body surface area. Additional measurements can include how the product follows the natural lines of the body, the relative motion between portions of the product and the body, and bunching, twisting or roping of the surface topography of the product. Examples of product features analyzing the fit of the product include product deformation such as can be determined by the measurement of product movement or shift during wear (i.e., during wearer movement) and gaps formed between the product and the body. In some instances, gaps can cause particular products, such as absorbent articles, to have reduced effectiveness. Product stresses can be analyzed to determine the potential for material tears or places that need stretchable material or reinforcement. The force vectors for every element of the diaper may be output throughout the simulation. This type of output aids product developers when investigating different product designs. Specifically, product developers can analyze the forces, noting any large vectors such as those which may cause the product to droop over time. Reduction of large forces may lead to better fit maintenance or a reduction of product failures (i.e., tearing) . The product curvature can be analyzed to determine the conformance of the product toward or away from the body. The product strain can be analyzed such as to determine the amount of stretch being used by diaper fasteners. The contact area can be analyzed to determine if the product is covering the entire target surface area of the body. Shape analysis or anthropometric landmark analysis of the wearer can be used to determine fit ranges such as the distance between facial landmarks to determine area for facemask coverage. Additionally, the relative distance between a product feature and a wearer landmark can be analyzed to determine fit such as the droop measured as the distance from the belly button to the top of the product waist . [0099] Examples of body and product features analyzing the comfort of the product include contact pressure distribution on the body and the magnitude of natural body shape alteration caused by product. These features can lead to skin irritation or make the product uncomfortable to wear. The appearance of the product when worn by the body can be analyzed to determine how the product buckles, twists and/or bunches during wearer movement. The contours of the product can be mapped to trace the path on the wearer where the contact pressure is equal to a certain value or range. A thermal analysis can be performed to determine the heat or humidity between the product/wearer as compared to environment. [0100] Examples of product features analyzing the effects of the environment on the product include the appearance of the product such as the discreetness of product during wear. The contact area between the product and any additional garment worn on the body can be analyzed, such as whether the product is in contact with the garment or does a portion of the product hang outside the garment. [0101] Analysis 34 of the performance of the body and product features typically indicates changes that may be made to the product for improved performance. If the desired performance level is not achieved, or if additional testing is desired, the product sub-model 22 is redesigned in order to modify the performance of the product feature. For example, a concentration of tensile stresses in a particular region of the product may indicate that a material or shape change needs to be made in that region. The product developer may also revise the wearer sub-model 20 to revise the body that the product is being evaluated on. Additionally, the environmental sub-model can be modified to account for different environmental conditions. After modifying one or more characteristics of the sub-models 20, 22, 24, the steps of running the interaction model 28 and the use model 30 and to obtain new results 32 are performed. The results 32 are again analyzed at step 34 to evaluate the new design. In this manner, results of a product analysis may be fed back into the product design process in an iterative manner until the design of a product meets whatever goals are set out for it. The product developer may decide at step 36 to modify the sub-models, or a software program may perform an iterative process to obtain results 32 within a specified range of values. Once acceptable or optimum performance levels for the performance features are determined, the product sub-model 22 can be used as an aid in designing a prototype of the product or specific components of the product. [0102] The process may also be repeated using different products, wearers, and uses. Thus, virtually any combination of a wearer and a product of clothing or other articles which are used on the body may be modeled. For example, the entire modeling process may be repeated for a representative baby using a particular diaper design. In another example, a representative adult incontinence product user may be modeled using a particular adult incontinence product. In another example, a representative child may be modeled using a product of clothing such as pajamas. In each of these, the same iterative product development process may be followed to develop a product that meets any initial performance goals. [0103] Correlations can be made between simulated or virtual data and in-use wearer data to establish product shaping, body fit and comfort targets for multiple product platforms, improving product fit with the body and wearer perception of wearing comfort and security. Proposed improvements can be screened virtually to ascertain if the product achieves desired performance of product features related to, for example, absorption of the product, gapping between the product and the wearer, contact pressure between the product and the wearer, proximity of the product to the wearer, and/or relative orientation of surfaces of the product to gravity. The performance of body and product features can be compared against wearer preferences for fit and comfort.

EXAMPLE 1- DIAPER EMBODIMENTS EMBODIMENT Ia: [0104] The first diaper embodiment described herein is a product only model used to evaluate deformation and stresses around the leg and containment flap elastic regions. Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary diaper, indicated generally at 111, with typical fasteners and elastics. For example, the diaper 111 has a cover 112, an absorbent body 113, fasteners 114, fastener elastics 115, containment flaps 117 and leg elastics 118. Initially, a plane of symmetry along the long axis of the diaper was implemented to reduce computer run times during the initial steps of development. Later, the plane of symmetry constraint was removed by mirroring the diaper about the plane of symmetry. When the mirroring was implemented, modifications were also made to the loading conditions (i.e., forces necessary to apply the diaper), kinematic instructions, and contact instructions. Appendix 1 provides an example of the input files for the diaper embodiments. Diaper embodiment Ia focused on the leg and containment flap elastics and simulated the diaper being stretched out flat, released, and then allowed to come to a "resting" position. Therefore, the geometry in this phase of the diaper creation was relatively simplistic, and only included detailed material models for the leg and containment flap elastics. The rest of the diaper was modeled as one continuous homogeneous sheet. Figure 13A shows the diaper in the simulation initial position, held flat and under tension. Figure 14 depicts the diaper in the simulation final position, with external tensions released and the diaper allowed to relax. Element stresses were also calculated throughout the simulation, and the final stresses (Mises stresses) are displayed in Figure 15. [0105] The non-woven materials were modeled as shell elements of type S4R (reduced integration quadrilateral shell element) . This is a shell element, which is often used for structures in which the thickness is significantly smaller than the other dimensions. The leg and containment flap elastics were modeled as two force members (ABAQUS type T3D2 truss elements) , which act as rods that can only support an axial force between the two points. They have no resistance to bending. This description is representative of how the leg and containment flap elastics primarily behave, and demonstrates the importance of choosing elements that best represent the behavior of the material they are modeling. Table 1 lists the material definitions and material property data of embodiment Ia of the virtual diaper.

Table 1. Material definitions and material property data of the virtual diaper. The units for this model are a standard SI form of N-mm-sec-Mgr. Note: a Megagram is equal to a metric ton.

[0106] With no external wearer or environment in this simulation, it was necessary to apply a very small pressure (similar to a puff of air) in the negative (3) direction (refer to Figure 13A for axes orientation) . This allowed the diaper to buckle downwards, or away from the body, instead of upwards, or toward the body. To account for the variation in amount of strain between the elastics and the diaper, the elastics were connected to every 3rd node instead of every node. This allowed the elastics to stretch without distorting the diaper elements.

EMBODIMENT Ib: [0107] The second embodiment included a more detailed product and a wearer located in a static position. In this model, contact pressures during product application and deformation of the product were investigated. The increased detail in the product included modeling the geometry and properties of an absorbent core, fastener elastic, and a fastener in addition to the leg elastic, containment flap elastic, and containment flap material modeled in embodiment Ia. [0108] Material property data of the updated diaper may be found in Table 2. The elastics (containment flap, leg, and fastener elastic) were modeled as Neo-Hookean hyperelastic materials, which means that the materials are incompressible and show non-linear behavior. To accurately describe the non-linearity in these materials, stress vs. strain data was directly input to the model. All of the elements except the leg and containment flap elastic were modeled as S4Rs. These elements allow a user to represent many types of materials in one element (e.g., a composite shell element) . For example, a section may be modeled as having cover and absorbent. Each material in this section will be defined by its own properties, but the materials will not be allowed to "shear" (move back and forth) with respect to one another, but are constrained to move as a unit. Utilizing this assumption allows for faster simulation run times during model development. The leg and containment flap elastics continue to be modeled as T3D2 truss elements, but the material properties were updated to better represent their characteristics.

Table 2. Material definitions and material property data for the updated virtual diaper.

[0109] In addition to adding complexity to the diaper, the method of diaper application during the simulation was refined to appear representative of actual diaper application. This included refining the direction, timing, and magnitude of the application forces so that the data is consistent with typical use. Figure 16 depicts how the diaper is pulled between the legs and then wrapped onto the torso of the body. Deformation of the product and contact between the virtual product and virtual infant during the simulation of application is shown in Figure 16 and 17. [0110] A model of a baby's torso situated in the diapering position (e.g., lying down with legs spread) was used for the wearer sub-model. The geometry data for the infant wearer sub-model 20 was obtained from a mannequin model of a small infant. The process used to obtain this data included scanning a mannequin torso to obtain a 3-D point cloud. The point cloud data was then converted into a surface model using Geomagic software. The surface model was then converted into a FEA model using the meshing and model definition features of Abaqus/CAE. This step requires specification of both the geometry and element type (with associated material properties) of the wearer. The elements specified for this virtual wearer were the rigid material R3D4 elements (three-dimensional quadrilaterals) . This element type does not require the specification of any material properties. It is used to model the 2-D surfaces of a 3-D rigid body. To make the surface properties more realistic, a softening layer was included above the rigid foundation. The softening layer was specified as a 3 mm thick layer that would fully compress to the rigid foundation at a contact pressure of 0.1 MPa. [0111] Techniques necessary to enable the simulation to operate for this embodiment included changing from the default Lagrange contact algorithm to Penalty contact in order to fasten the diaper ear. This was done to prevent element hourglassing (nonphysical grid distortions, potentially leading to contact problems) . Placing 0.1 mm beam elements around the perimeter of the diaper prevented hourglassing elsewhere in the diaper. These elements were given the properties of diaper cover material. To stabilize and better control the rate of contraction of the elastics and the diaper, the initial condition pre-stress in the elastics was removed and replaced with a temperature control. Instead of causing elastic contraction by lessening the pre- stress, an arbitrary temperature lowering is used to contract the elastics. This method provides more control over the rate of diaper deformation and results in a successful and more stable simulation. [0112] A snapshot from the simulation of applying the diaper to the virtual user is shown in Figure 17. During this simulation, contact pressures between the diaper and the baby were also calculated as the diaper was applied. Figures 18 and 19 show the contact pressures at different moments during the application. The diaper is hidden in these pictures so that the effects of the diaper on the baby can be easily visualized. It was necessary to reduce the element size on the user for this simulation so that accurate readings of contact pressure could be obtained. Contact pressure could be used to investigate diaper gaps (potential leakage sites) , which have no contact pressure, and potential redmarking sites, which are areas of higher contact pressure. Diaper designs can then be modified based on the results of such simulations to obtain consistent pressures around the whole gasket that are not so high as too cause redmarking but high enough to prevent gapping. [0113] Simulations were run with varying diaper coefficients of friction between the diaper and the torso from 0 to 3. Between 0 and 0.5 no significant difference was found in the deformation or contact pressure results. At a friction coefficient of 3, the contact pressure was only slightly different, but the positioning of the diaper did vary. It was found that at higher levels of friction the diaper sits lower at the waist and on the leg. Additionally, as the friction level is increased, the results become more sensitive to the method of diaper application.

EMBODIMENT Ic: [0114] The third embodiment included a dynamic wearer with an internal bone structure, joints, and deformable soft tissue. In this embodiment, deformation of the product and wearer were investigated along with stresses, contact pressures, and force vectors over a range of wearer motion. To incorporate motion into the user, it was necessary to update the user from a rigid model with a compliant surface to a completely soft model with an internal bone structure. The model was given a simplified backbone, pelvis, and two femurs. Specifications of the material properties for both the soft tissue and the bones in this embodiment are summarized Table 3 below. It should be noted that these values may be altered based upon the desired characteristics of the wearer to be modeled.

Table 3. Material definitions and material property data for the virtual wearer.

[0115] The elements chosen to represent the bones were beam elements. This type of element was chosen because it is good for components in which the length dimension is significantly greater than the other two dimensions (such as the femurs and backbone) . The soft tissue was modeled with continuum elements that are flexible enough to adequately represent almost any shape and loading. These elements model small blocks of material in a component and can be connected to each other on any face. This allows for the versatility to model the complex shape of the infant torso. Once the torso was updated with a bone structure to allow for movement, motion could be applied to the model. The average hip motion of 2 year olds during walking was obtained for use in the simulation. (See Sutherland et al . , The Development of Mature Walking, MacKeith Press, London, England, 1998, illustrating graphs that depict the hip angle versus percent gait cycle.) A representative depiction of the virtual user walking may be found in Figure 20. [0116] The simulation output included diaper and wearer deformation, product stresses, and contact pressures between the product and wearer through the entire process of applying the diaper and moving the wearer through the walking motion. The force vectors for every element of the diaper were also output throughout the simulation. This type of output aids in the analysis of different product designs. Specifically, it can be used to analyze force magnitudes and directions, noting any large vectors such as those highlighted in Figure 21. Different diaper designs may be compared to display force variations. Reduction of large forces may lead to better fit maintenance or a reduction of diaper failures (i.e., ear tears) .

EXAMPLE 2- FEMININE CARE PAD [0117] Additional features of the feminine care pad embodiment are discussed below. Appendix 2 provides an example of the input files for the feminine care pad embodiments. In one embodiment, a typical feminine pad wearer was determined from available usage, demographic, and/or anthropometric data and modeled as the representative wearer. A representative wearer for the feminine pad is defined as a person that is 5 feet 6 inches tall, weighs 140 pounds, and has waist, hip, and thigh measurements of 27 inches, 41 inches, and 24 inches, respectively. To specify the geometry of the wearer, a point cloud of an adult female with similar body measurements to those listed above was identified from the CAESAR database. The point cloud was then converted into a Finite Element mesh_using software programs such as Geomagic, Ideas or Abaqus/CAE. Material property definitions used to describe wearer soft tissue behavior have used a Neo- Hookean hyperelastic material model. Bones can be treated as rigid or as elastic. Skin can be defined as either a layer of shell or membrane elements over the soft tissue volume and is typically given the same material behavior as the underlying soft tissue. [0118] To improve the virtual wearer sub-model 20, quasi-spherical volumes of simulated material are removed from the finite element model in the regions surrounding the hip joints 60 of Figure 5. This is done to allow for a greater range of motion of the leg which would be inhibited due to deformation and possible failure (due to excessive deformation) of the elements in the regions surrounding the hip joints 60 because of modeling simplifications of the soft tissue and joints. Similar failure in the physical foam torso material in these regions was noted resulting in tears that could propagate to the model surface. [0119] The product sub-model 22 is simplified to reduce calculational complexity only modeling the two solid layers 83, 85 as illustrated in FIG. 9. Alternately, in one embodiment, a continuous mesh between the distribution and shaping layers 83, 85 is used instead of contact modeling. Slots in the distribution layer are modeled and retained, as these slots tend to focus the deformation during movement, such as when the wearer closes her legs. The simplified product consists of the two thick layers, the distribution layer 83, and the shaping layer 85, bonded at their interface. This simplification reduces numerical problems encountered with the stacked design, but allows for the general product deformations observed in visualization of the product in conjunction with the foam torso test stand. [0120] An environmental sub-model was also created to represent a panty, generally indicated at 120. A depiction of the product sub-model 22 and panty sub-model is illustrated in FIG. 22. The virtual panty model 120 is used on the simplified torso application runs. The panty as modeled is initially flat and without material away from V-shaped regions 122, 123 at the front and rear. Panty waistbands (not shown) are pulled up and toward the torso by enforced displacements. Lines of beams are desirable along each waistband to provide lateral stiffness to avoid numerical problems with modeling as will be understood by one skilled in the art. Table 4 lists the material definitions and material property data of the feminine care pad, the panty and the representative wearer.

Table 4. Material definitions and material property data for the virtual wearer and virtual feminine care pad.

[0121] Application of the product involves the virtual panty model 120 being moved down and the waistbands moved away from the torso, from the original, neutral position to a position that permits the virtual product sub-model 22 to be captured between the virtual panty model 120 and the virtual wearer sub-model 20. The motion of the waistbands can then be reversed, allowing the virtual panty model 120 to return to the known waistband locations, thus applying the virtual product sub-model 22 to the torso with reasonable restraint forces. It was found that the virtual wearer sub-model 20 had many small element faces in the torso 52 to leg 54 transitional areas that presented some issues in the numerical stability of the panty component. The panty was remeshed in this region, keeping the same outline and topology, but replacing many of the smaller elements with several larger elements closer to the average element size in the rest of the panty. Panty models of various types of panties (e.g., bikini, briefs, etc.) can be generated and tested with the use model 30. [0122] The use model 30 is used to determine if the virtual product sub-model 22 can be applied to the torso with the virtual panty 120, or if the panty can only be used to contain the product after application. An explicit integration based finite element software should be used for the application process because of the many contact interactions that are active. To achieve reasonable run times, the technique of mass scaling can be used to increase the stable time increment. It was seen that appropriate mass scaling allows the simulation to proceed using larger stable time increments without adversely affecting the validity of the simulation result. This causes the panty to deform and stretch without moving the product against the torso. [0123] In one embodiment, a rigid surface or pad pusher (not shown) was modeled to push the product 80 against the torso 52 and then move away, allowing the panty model 120 to retain the product 80 against the torso. This rigid surface is based upon the topology of the panty that would come into contact with the product during installation. The initial position of the surface is slightly above the panty surface, and its motion history is slightly in advance of the panty motion. This avoids any problems with duplicate contact conditions on the product from the panty during installation. The surface is quickly moved away from the product once the application is complete to allow the panty to take over the contact interaction that would retain the product against the torso. [0124] To obtain suitable virtual product response, it is desirable that the restraint conditions imposed by the panty are as close to reality as possible. In one detailed model, the virtual panty model 120 is still only composed of the V-shaped regions 122,123 at the front and rear of the panty, but the initial shape is not arbitrary and flat, but rather based upon the topology of the standing torso. A coating of membrane elements is placed upon the standing torso, and then modified to obtain a straight panty waistband at the front and rear. The edges of the panty mesh connecting the front and rear waistbands on either side of the panty are also modified to yield as smooth a transition as possible. The virtual panty in the detailed model is related to the torso in overall topology, and the location of the waistbands in a neutral applied position is known. [0125] Figures 23-25 are cross-sectional views of one' embodiment of the product 80, illustrated as a feminine care pad, showing the product/torso deformations during product installation onto the torso 58 followed by leg closure. In the example shown, the product 80 is initially deformed onto a standing torso 58 with legs spread at an 18 degree angle using the rigid surface (not shown) and the conformal panty (not shown) . This allows the product 80 to conform to the torso 58 over the entire area of the product. Because the legs have to be spread during the initial product application, the panty only consists of the V-shaped regions (122, 123 of FIG. 22) at the front and rear of the torso. Using the V-shaped region simplifies the application process because a full panty would not have to be pulled up and over the outer thighs with the legs spread. Once the product 80 is snug against the torso 58 as illustrated in FIG. 24, the rigid surface is removed, and the panty is allowed to provide the retention force by controlling the waistband position against the torso. [0126] With the product, panty, and torso in their as- installed positions, the legs are closed as illustrated in FIG. 25. In one embodiment, closing the legs results in the outer edges of the shaping layer 85 near the center of the product 80 being bent down by contact with the thighs, while the rest of the product, mainly the distribution layer 83, is in partial contact with the torso 58. When the legs are closed, the deformation pattern of the product 80 closely resembles the deformation seen in test stand data. [0127] Use of a conformal panty model 120 and known waistband locations ensure that the retention forces after product installation are reasonable. Because the panty model 120 provides the base for the product 80 in actual use, the interaction of the panty with not only the product, but also with the articulating torso 58, should be well defined. [0128] In other embodiments, one or more parameters of the product sub-model 22 (i.e., of the product geometry sub¬ model 72 and/or the product material sub-model 74) may be modified as a function of fluid loading of the product (e.g., due to insults by bodily fluids such as urine, blood, sweat, etc.) during the simulation to evaluate product and/or body features at various stages of fluid saturation over an elapsed period of simulation time. In this manner, interaction between fluid, the virtual product and the virtual body can more accurately depict actual usage of the product. [0129] As an example, one product sub-model 22 parameter that may be varied to simulate fluid loading of the product is the stress-strain relationships of absorbent components of the product, such as the absorbent body 113 of the diaper 111 illustrated in Fig. 13 and described previously in connection with the Example 1 simulations. To construct a virtual model of a fluid load dependent stress- strain relationship according to one particularly suitable embodiment, the stress-strain relationship is specified in the product material sub-model 74 (and more particularly in the material property data 75 thereof) as being dependent upon the temperature field (or other suitable simulation parameter field) . A temperature field is assigned to the absorbent component, or region of the absorbent component, that is to become fluid loaded. This field is linked to the stress-strain relationships of the absorbent component or region thereof as a function of the saturation level of the absorbent component . As used herein, the term saturation level refers to the amount of fluid, in grams, per gram weight of the dry absorbent component (or region being loaded) . Thus, each change in the temperature field during a simulation corresponds to a change in saturation level, with each saturation level having a corresponding stress-strain relationship defined in the material property data 75 for the product sub-model 22. [0130] Initially, the temperature field may be set to that temperature corresponding to a dry condition of the absorbent component. Then, after an elapsed simulation time period, the temperature is changed (e.g., pursuant to instructions provided in the interaction model) to model an increase in saturation level of the absorbent component (or region thereof) . The stress-strain relationship of the absorbent component is then modified to correspond to the saturation level of the absorbent component to thereby simulate the fluid loading. [0131] In one particular embodiment, the functional relationship between the stress-strain relationship and the saturation level of the absorbent component is suitably modeled using the following equation: σ σ e = + K ( ) n Eq . 1 Ede-ms Ede'ms [0132] where, [0133] Ed is Young's modulus of the absorbent component material in the dry state; [0134] K is a curve fit parameter; [0135] n is a curve fit parameter; [0136] m is curve fit parameter; and [0137] s is the saturation level (grams fluid/gram weight of absorbent component) . [0138] The stress-strain relationship of the absorbent component is suitably modeled isotropically, i.e., applied uniformly in both a machine direction (longitudinal direction) and cross-machine direction (lateral direction) of the absorbent component. However, it is contemplated that the stress-strain relationship may otherwise be modeled anisotropically in the machine direction and cross-machine direction of the absorbent component without departing from the scope of this invention. It is also contemplated that stress-strain relationships may be modeled non-uniformly in different regions or zones of the absorbent component, e.g., to model non-uniform constructions (such as non-uniform thickness, density, basis weight, superabsorbent concentration, etc.) of the absorbent component. [0139] The stress-strain relationship of the absorbent component in the Z-direction, or thickness direction, may be modeled in a manner similar to the machine direction and cross-machine direction. However, it is contemplated that in some embodiments the Z-direction (e.g., compression) stress- strain relationship will be independent of the saturation level of the absorbent component and therefore need not be modeled as varying with fluid loading. [0140] Another product sub-model 22 parameter that can be modeled as varying with fluid loading is the thickness of the absorbent component, or region thereof. For example, where the absorbent component contains superabsorbent material, it is contemplated that the thickness of the absorbent component will increase as the superabsorbent material absorbs fluid and swells (increases in volume) . In one embodiment, the thickness of the absorbent component is initially set (e.g., in the product geometry sub-model 72) to correspond to the thickness of the absorbent component at a desired saturation level but otherwise remain independent of saturation level throughout the simulation. In another embodiment, the thickness of the absorbent component may vary in response to simulated fluid loading of the virtual product. For example, the thickness of the absorbent component (i.e., in the product geometry sub-model) may be linked to and vary with the temperature field in a manner similar to the stress-strain relationships described previously, wherein temperatures within the field correspond to various saturation levels of the absorbent component. [0141] Specifically, the material model used to describe the absorbent article may include a mechanism for thermal expansion (this is a common feature for the material models available in a commercial finite element analysis program such as ABAQUS) in which the local thermal strain is determined as the product of a thermal expansion coefficient (often referred to by the Greek symbol alpha) and the temperature difference (the difference between the current local temperature and a reference temperature) . The mechanism of thermal expansion is an analogous means to describe the volume change resulting from fiber and superabsorbent swelling with increasing moisture content. In the case where the temperature field is used to describe the saturation level (e.g., not the swelling level), the swelling level (level of volume increase) can be controlled by making the thermal expansion coefficient depend on an independently controlled field variable. The value of this new field variable may be set such that the product of temperature and thermal expansion coefficient result in the desired degree of local swelling. Specifically, one may define the thermal expansion coefficient to be dependent upon the value of a field variable (called "fieldl" for example) such that alpha(fieldl) =fieldl . Thus, specifying the appropriate value of fieldl at each point in the model results in the appropriate degree of thermal strain which has been designed to be analogous to absorbent swelling. It is also understood that the thickness may be initially set to that corresponding to a dry condition of the absorbent component and remain unchanged throughout the simulation without departing from the scope of this invention. [0142] The weight of the absorbent component (or region thereof) may also be modeled as varying with saturation level. As an example, the weight of each finite element of the modeled absorbent component is suitably defined as:

(finite element volume) x (density) x (gravitational acceleration) Eg. 2

[0143] Thus, in one suitable embodiment, the gravitational acceleration(g) applied to each element as defined in the environmental sub-model 24, instead of conventionally remaining as a constant, may vary with the local mass ratio (ratio of the element's current mass with its dry mass) of the absorbent component. For example, in one embodiment the gravitational acceleration may be individually specified for each element. In such an embodiment, the gravitational acceleration would be modified as the wet mass of the absorbent component changed during an elapsed simulation time period. In particular, the gravitational acceleration may suitably vary in proportion to an expected change in density of the absorbent component due to fluid loading thereof. In such an embodiment, the weight of the fluid is taken into account in the absorbent component properties and is not modeled as an independent parameter. That is, the fluid itself is not modeled as having its own weight separate from the weight of the absorbent component . It is contemplated, therefore, that the weight of the absorbent component may be modeled in the product sub-model 22 instead of the environmental sub-model 24 and remain within the scope of this invention. [0144] In another embodiment, the gravitational acceleration remains constant and the density may be defined in the product sub-model 22 as varying with saturation level (e.g., with the temperature field) . It is also contemplated that the fluid may be separately modeled in the environmental sub-model 24 independent of the absorbent component. In such an embodiment, the weight of the fluid would be defined by the environmental sub-model 24 and applied to the product sub-model 22 by the interaction model 28. [0145] In a fluid loading simulation, the product sub¬ model 22 (and the environmental sub-model 24 where applicable) are created to include the one or more parameters that vary as a function of saturation level (e.g., as a function of the temperature field in the embodiments described previously) . Initial condition sub-models (e.g., initial condition sub-models 70, 80 of the product sub-model 22 and environmental sub-model 24) are set to model the product in a corresponding first or initial condition. For example, the product may initially be modeled in a dry condition, or as being in a partially fluid saturated condition. The instructions provided by the virtual interaction model 28 define the location at which fluid loading is to be simulated. Specifically, the interaction model 28 instructions vary the temperature field at the defined fluid loading locations over an elapsed simulation time period. For example, the instructions may define a fluid fill pattern in which the absorbent component (or region thereof) is saturated uniformly. In other embodiments, the defined fluid fill pattern may be non¬ uniform wherein particular regions of the absorbent component become saturated more rapidly than others to thereby more accurately simulate actual product usage. [0146] Upon combining the interaction model 28 and product sub-model 22 (and/or the environmental sub-model 24 and the body sub-model 20 where present) to define the virtual use model 30 as illustrated in Fig. 12 and described previously, the temperature field is modified over the elapsed simulation time period to thereby simulate fluid loading of the product. For example, where the product is initially modeled in a dry condition, fluid insult of the product may be modeled. Where the product is initially modeled in a partially saturated condition, additional fluid loading of the product may be modeled. It is also contemplated that repeated fluid loadings may be simulated to model repeated insults of the virtual product so as evaluate the performance of the product as the product becomes increasingly saturated with fluid. [0147] It is further contemplated that the interaction model 28 may comprise kinematic instructions 109 which simulate virtual body movement as described previously to allow performance evaluation of a fluid loaded product during and/or following one or more wearer movements. For example, in one suitable embodiment the computer based simulation may include simulating application of the product to a wearer, simulating wearer movement through a series of movements, simulating fluid loading of the product, and again simulating wearer movement through the series of movements. Where simulation includes modeling of repeated insults, the same series of movements may be simulated following each additional fluid insult. [0148] Referring back to Fig. 1, the results 32 provided by the virtual use model 30 are analyzed at step 34 to evaluate the performance of the virtual product under fluid loaded conditions. The analysis 34 evaluates the performance of at least one feature of the product and/or wearer body. For example, such features may include, without limitation, product stress, product force vectors, contact pressure distribution on the body (e.g., particularly at the waist and leg elastics) , curvature of a product surface, product deformation, density profiles, predicted stresses at selected locations of the product, gaps between the body and the product, the appearance of the product, the appearance of garments introduced by the environment sub-model when worn by the body, deformation of the body, contact area between the body and the product, the integral of the pressure over the contact area, contact area between a garment and the product, and the appearance of the product when in contact with an external article. [0149] The fit of the product can be measured using quantitative measurements. Some measurements include uniform and optimal tension, contact pressure or stress throughout the product or a portion of the product, providing and/or maintaining a desired surface area of coverage during changes in body position, and conformance to the body surface area. Additional measurements can include how the product follows the natural lines of the body, the relative motion between portions of the product and the body, and bunching, twisting or roping of the surface topography of the product. [0150] Examples of product features analyzing the fit of the product include product deformation such as can be determined by the measurement of product movement or shift during wear (i.e., during wearer movement) and gaps formed between the product and the body. Product stresses can be analyzed to determine the potential for material tears or places that need stretchable material or reinforcement . The force vectors for every element of the diaper may be output throughout the simulation. Reduction of large forces may lead to better fit maintenance or a reduction of product failures (i.e., tearing) . The product curvature can be analyzed to determine the conformance of the product toward or away from the body. The product strain can be analyzed such as to determine the amount of stretch being used by diaper fasteners. The contact area can be analyzed to determine if the product is covering the entire target surface area of the body. Shape analysis or anthropometric landmark analysis of the wearer can be used to determine fit ranges such as the distance between facial landmarks to determine area for facemask coverage. Additionally, the relative distance between a product feature and a wearer landmark can be analyzed to determine fit such as the droop measured as the distance from the belly button to the top of the product waist. [0151] Examples of wearer body and product features analyzing the comfort of the product include contact pressure distribution on the body and the magnitude of natural body shape alteration caused by product. These features can lead to skin irritation or make the product uncomfortable to wear. The appearance of the product when worn by the body can be analyzed to determine how the product swells, buckles, twists and/or bunches during wearer movement . The contours of the product can be mapped to trace the path on the wearer where the contact pressure is equal to a certain value or range. A thermal analysis can be performed to determine the heat or humidity between the product/wearer as compared to environment.

EXAMPLE 3 - FLUID LOADED DIAPER [0152] Four computer based simulations were run to evaluate the effect of fluid loading on the comfort and fit performance of diapers having different absorbent body constructions. Appendix 3 is an example of additional software code (i.e., in addition to the code provided in the diaper example code of Appendix 1) used to model fluid loading of the virtual diaper. Specifically, the product sub-model 22 was created to model a HUGGIES diaper design from Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. of Neenah, Wisconsin. The absorbent body 113 (Fig. 13) of the diaper 111 was modeled in the product sub-model 22 as having two regions 200, 202 as shown in the illustration of Fig. 26. The area of the first region 200 was 110 square centimeters and the area of the second region 202 was 284 square centimeters. The density throughout the first and second regions 20, 202 was modeled as being uniform at 0.24 grams per cubic centimeter. [0153] Two different absorbent body types were modeled. In one embodiment, the absorbent body 113 was modeled as an airformed, flat absorbent body comprised of 13.3 grams of conventional superabsorbent material, modeled as having an absorbent capacity of 30 grams-liquid per gram weight (g/g) , and 17.3 grams of conventional pulp fluff, modeled as having an absorbent capacity of 7 g/g. The superabsorbent material and pulp fluff were modeled as being distributed uniformly throughout the absorbent body 113 at a total basis weight of 777 grams/square meter (gsm) (338 gsm of superabsorbent material and 439 gsm of pulp fluff) and a dry thickness of 0.324 cm. [0154] In the second embodiment, the absorbent body 113 was modeled as an airformed, zoned absorbent body comprised of the same materials as in the first embodiment but with the basis weight and thickness at region 200 of the absorbent body modeled as being greater than the basis weight and thickness at region 202. Specifically, the superabsorbent basis weight in region 200 was 543 gsm compared to 239 gsm in region 202; the fluff basis weight in region 200 was 707 gsm compared to 311 gsm in region 202 the total basis weight in region 200 was 1,250 gsm compared to 550 gsm in region 202; and the dry thickness of region 200 was 0.521 cm compared to a 0.229 cm dry thickness of region 202. [0155] Two different fluid fill patterns (i.e., the manner in which the absorbent body 113 is fluid loaded during the simulation) were also modeled. In a "bottom-up" fill pattern, fluid was modeled as being taken only into region 200 of the absorbent body 113 until the absorbent capacity of region 200 was reached, after which additional fluid loaded into the absorbent body was simulated as being taken only into region 202. In a "uniform" fill pattern, the two regions 200, 202 of the absorbent body 113 were modeled such that the saturation level (in grams-liquid per gram dry weight) of the regions was substantially the same upon each simulated fluid loading of the absorbent body. [0156] The four simulations (as set forth in the table of Figs. 27A and 27B) included modeling of the following absorbent body 113 and fill pattern combinations : [0157] Code A: zoned absorbent body/bottom-up fill [0158] Code B: zoned absorbent body/uniform fill [0159] Code C: flat absorbent body/bottom-up fill [0160] Code D: flat absorbent body/uniform fill [0161] In each simulation, the virtual diaper was modeled as first being donned on a virtual body, such as the baby's torso described previously in Example 1, and the legs then brought together in a standing position. The virtual body was then instructed to move through a series of movements including movement from a standing position to a sitting position and then back to a standing position. Next, the simulation modeled a fluid insult of 70 grams, followed by simulated movement of the wearer's body through the standing to sitting to standing series of movements. The fluid insult step and subsequent series of movements step were repeated up to six times during the simulation. [0162] Three different simulation methods were employed for each of the four simulation codes set forth above.

SIMULATION METHOD 1 [0163] In this simulation method, the thickness of the absorbent body 113 was specified initially (e.g., in the product geometry sub-model) as the dry thickness of the absorbent body and remained independent of fluid loading throughout the simulation. The stress-strain relationships of the absorbent body 113 were modeled in the material property data 75 as being dependent on the temperature field as described previously herein, with temperatures within the temperature field corresponding to various saturation levels of the absorbent body following respective insults thereof. Thus, the temperature of the absorbent body 113 was initially set to the designated temperature associated with a dry condition of the absorbent body, and was subsequently adjusted in accordance with instructions provided in the interaction model to simulate each insult of the absorbent body. [0164] The stress-strain relationships of the absorbent body 113 were modeled isotropically using Eq. 1 above, with: Ed = 932 kPa K = 250,000 n = 4 . 3 m = 0 . 1868

[0165] The weight of the absorbent body 113 was also modeled as varying with saturation in the manner described above. That is, the gravitational acceleration was varied directly (at the same time as the temperature change) in proportion to an expected change in density of the absorbent body upon fluid loading. [0166] Using the results 32 of the virtual use model 30 defined by the simulation, various product and/or body features were evaluated at the dry condition and at different saturation levels (e.g., following each fluid loading and corresponding series of movements) throughout the simulation. For example, Fig. 28 shows the code D virtual diaper (flat absorbent body/uniform fill pattern) following initial donning and movement (in a dry condition) using simulation method 1. Figure 29 shows the same virtual diaper following fluid loading (2 insults) . The virtual diaper has drooped at its waist and expanded at its crotch as a result of the modeled fluid loading. Figure 30 shows the same code D virtual diaper with the virtual body in a simulated sitting position after the diaper was fluid loaded with a first fluid insult of 70 grams using simulation method 1. [0167] As another example, the droop of the diaper was also evaluated. The droop was normalized by subtracting the droop determined at a reference position defined after the diaper was initially donned on the wearer and the legs were brought together, from the droop determined at a later simulation time period. The following sampling of diaper droop data was measured for the code D diaper using simulation method 1.

Point in Simulation Droop (mm) Dry diaper after first movement series 17.44 After first fluid loading 21.29 After second movement series 27.68 After second fluid loading 32.52 After third motion series 38.39 Measurement after a do nothing rest period 38.97

SIMULATION METHOD 2 [0168] This simulation method was substantially the same as simulation method 1, but instead initially specified the thickness of the absorbent body 113 as being that of the absorbent body at a predetermined saturation level. Because the thickness of the absorbent body 113 did not vary with fluid loading in simulation method 1, the fluid loaded thickness of the absorbent body was used in simulation method 2 to investigate the impact of thickness variations on fit and comfort. [0169] As an example of the difference between the two simulation methods, Fig. 31 shows a contact pressure map of the code A virtual diaper (zoned absorbent body/bottom-up fill pattern) against the inner thigh of the virtual body (e.g., due to the leg elastics 118, also referred to as leg gaskets, of the virtual product) after the first fluid loading and subsequent series of movements using simulation method 1. Figure 33 illustrates a similar contact pressure map at the same point in the simulation using simulation method 2. [0170] The droop data obtained using the two different simulation methods can also be compared. For example, the following droop data was obtained during the code A simulation using simulation method 1.

Point in Simulation Droop (mm) Dry diaper after first movement series 20.59 After first fluid loading 23.27 After second movement series 32.99

[0171] Using simulation method 2, the droop data for the same code A simulation was as follows: Point in Simulation Droop (mm) Dry diaper after first movement series 25.3 After first fluid loading 31.6 After second movement series 44.8

[0172] Thus, modeling the absorbent body 113 thickness to correspond to a fluid loaded (e.g., swelled) thickness increased the droop resulting from the fluid loading.

SIMULATION METHOD 3 [0173] The third simulation method was similar to simulation method 1 but modeled the thickness of the absorbent body 113 as varying with the saturation level (e.g., using the temperature field in the same manner as other saturation level dependent parameters being modeled) of the absorbent body. This allowed for a change in thickness to occur upon fluid loading during the simulation.

[0174] The method and apparatus described herein has the advantage of being able to model a product being put on as a wearer would put it on, in addition to modeling the product while the product is being worn and used. Also, the method and apparatus described herein provide dynamic modeling of the product in use, as opposed to previous systems that typically provide only static modeling. In addition, the computer-based modeling of virtual products and uses can examine features and results that cannot be seen through physical testing. Finally, the apparatus and method can be used for optimization modeling; a product developer selects a desired product performance, and the model designs a product that will meet that performance. [0175] The invention described herein provides an improved method to virtually evaluate and design products. Virtual development does not have the limitations of resource and material availability, or safety issues associated with human testing. Virtual development allows exploration of concepts not achievable previously using conventional methods. This virtual advantage expedites innovations by allowing new products to get to market faster and with less cost. [0176] While the invention has been described in conjunction with several specific embodiments, it is to be understood that many alternatives, modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, this invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. [0177] When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferred embodiment (s) thereof, the articles "a", "an", "the" and "said" are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms "comprising", "including" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements. [0178] As various changes could be made in the above without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. 57 RightLegSide.amp APPENDIX 1.DIAPER EXAMPLE 58 81 59 END FILES TABLE OF CONTENTS 60 81 61 DIAPER 1ST EMBODIMENT 62 phase7.inp 46 63 82 diaper.inp Z 64 END 82 46 65 66 DIAPER 2ND EMBODIMENT 67 49 68 NOTE:Several periods in a FILES 69 row on one line 49 70 (e.g., ) assy4.geom.Z 71 indicates additional 49 72 similar lines of code assy4.sets.Z 73 which have been deleted. 53 74 assy4.surfaces.Z 56 assy3.materials 58 assy3.boundary 61 assy3.pressure 64 END FILES 64 Assy4.inp.Z 65

DIAPER 3RD EMBODIMENT 66

FILES 66 LeftLegForward.amp 66 LeftLegSide.amp 67 phase7.bcs 68 phase7.geom 69 phase7.loads 72 phase7.materials 73 phase7.sections 74 phase7.sets 76 phase7.surfaces 77

RightLegForwawrd.amp 80 DIAPER 1ST EMBODIMENT 57 .977, 451, 450, 58 .1475, 1476 dieiper. inp. Z 59 .978, 452, 451, 60 .1476, 1477 *HEADING 61 .979, 453, 452, ** UNITS 62 .1477, 1478 ** Length = mm 63 .980, 454, 453, ** Time = Sec 64 .1478, 1479 ** Mass = Tonne 65 .981, 455, 454, ** Force = N 66 .1479, 1480 ** Stress = MPa ** 67 .982, 456, 455, 68 .1480, 1481 *NODE 69 .983, 457, 456, 1, 143.272, 70 .1481, 1482 107.569, -1.16582E-13 71 984, 458, 457, 2, -143.763, 72 .1482, 1483 127.257, -1.16582E-13 73 985, 459, 458, 3, 138.398, 74 .1483, 1484 106.323, -1.16582E-13 75 4, 133.524, 76 105.077, -1.16582E-13 77 5, 128.635, 78 2298, 2880, 2916, 103.897, -1.16582E-13 79 .2915, 2879 6, 123.701, 80 2299, 2881, 2917, 102.918, -1.16582E-13 81 .2916, 2880 7, 118.766, 82 2300, 2876, 2917, 101.94, -1.16582E-13 83 .2881, 2875 8, 113.832, 84 2301, 2910, 2917, 100.961, -1.16582E-13 85 .2876, 2877 9, 108.869, 86 2302, 2911, 2916, 100.15, -1.16582E-13 87 .2917, 2910 10, 103.888, 88 2303, 2912, ' 2915, 99.4433, -1.16582E-13 89 .2916, 2911 11, 98.9072, 90 2304, 2912, 2913, 98.7367, -1.16582E-13 91 .2914, 2915 92 *ELEMENT, TYPE=T3D2, 93 ELSET=ELASTIC- 3338, -139.543, 94 2731, 1753, 3341 50.6953, -1.62006E-13 95 2732, 3341, 3338 3339, -144.558, 96 2733, 3338, 3335 50.6953, -1.6262E-13 97 2734, 3335, 3332 3340, -149.572, 98 2735, 3332, 3329 50.6953, -1.63234E-13 99 3341, -154.586, 100 50.6953, -1.63849E-13 101 2772, 3009, 3006 3342, -159.6, 102 2773, 3006, 3003 50.6953, -1.64463E-13 103 2774, 3003, 3000 3343, -164.615, 104 2775, 3000, 2997 50.6953, -1.65077E-13 105 2776, 1405, 1397 ** 106 *ELEMENT, TYPE=T3D2, ** 107 ELSET=ELASTI_1 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, 108 2655, 2, 57 ELSET=CENTER 109 2656, 57, 54 975, 449, 433, 110 2657, 54, 51 1473, 1474 111 2658, 51, 48 .976, 450, 449, 112 2659, 48, 45 .1474, 1475 113 2660, 45, 42 114 2661, 42, 39 58 .2724, 333 336 59 2725, 336, 339 60 167, 348, 230, 2726, 339, 342 61 229, 347 2727, 342, 345 62 168, 349, 231, 2728, 345, 348 63 230, 348 2729, 348, 351 64 169, 350, 232, 2730, 351, 297 65 231, 349 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, 66 170, 351, 233, ELSET=FLAP 67 232, 350 2305, 449, 3066, 68 171, 352, 234, 1473, 433 69 233, 351 2306, 450, 3067, 70 172, 353, 235, 3066, 449 71 234, 352 2307, 451, 3068, 72 173, 354, 236, 3067, 450 73 235, 353 2308, 452, 3069, 74 174, 354, 297, 3068, 451 75 179, 236 2309, 453, 3070, 76 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, 3069, 452 77 ELSET=SIDE 2310, 454, 3071, 78 175, 37, 968, 3070, 453 79 969, 38 2311, 455, 3072, 80 176, 36, 967, 3071, 454 81 968, 37 82 177, 35, 966, .2648, 3338, 3057, 83 967, 36 3056, 3337 84 178, 34, 965, 2649, 3339, 3058, 85 966, 35 3057, 3338 86 179, 33, 701, 2650, 3340, 3059, 87 965, 34 3058, 3339 88 180, 32, 702, 2651,, ■ 3341, 3060, 89 701, 33 3059, 3340 90 181, 31, 703, 2652, 3342, 3061, 91 702, 32 3060, 3341 92 182, 30, 704, 2653, 3343, 3062, 93 703, 31 3061, 3342 94 2654, 3343 1753, 95 1401 30fi9. 96 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, 97 966, 1320, 1270, ELSET=LEG-ELAS 98 1271, 1319 1, 3, 118, 99 967, 1321, 1269, 61, 1 100 1270, 1320 2, 4, 117, 101 968, 1322, 1268, 118, 3 102 1269, 1321 3, 5, 116, 103 969, 1322, .1266, 117, 4 104 1267, 1268 4, 6, 115, 105 970, 812, 1021, 116, 5 106 1323, 811 5, 7, 114, 107 971, 1023, 1172, 115, 6 108 1324, 1022 6, 8, 113, 109 972, 1174, 1247, 114, 7 110 1325, 1173 7, 9, 112, 111 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S3R, 113, 8 112 ELSET=SIDE 8, 10, 111, 113 973, 8, 725, 112, 9 114 724 1 974, 350, 744, 59 2038, 2917, 1 2. .743 60 ** 3 ** leg-elastic 61 ** center 4 ** 62 ** 5 *NSET, NSET=LEG-ELAS, 63 *ELSET, ELSET=CENTER_1, 6 GENERATE 64 GENERATE 7 1, 118, 65 975, 2304, 1 8 178, 236, 66 ** 9 296, 354, 67 ** elastic-leg 0 ** 68 ** 1 ** leg-elastic 69 *ELSET, ELSET=ELASTI_2, 2 ** 70 GENERATE 3 *ELSET, ELSET=LEG-EL_1, 71 2655, 2730, 1 4 GENERATE 72 ** 5 1, 174, 73 ** elastic-flap 6 ** 74 ** 7 ** side 75 *ELSET, ELSET=ELASTI_3 , 8 ** 76 GENERATE 9 *NSET, NSET=SIDE, GENERATE 77 2731, 2776, 1 0 1, 61, 1 78 ** 1 178, 179, 1 79 ** center 2 296, 576, 1 80 ** 3 701, 1325, 1 81 *SHELL SECTION, 4 ** 82 ELSET=CENTER, MATERIAL=COVER 5 ** side 83 0.1574, 5 6 ** 84 ** 0.0574, 5 7 *ELSET, ELSET=SIDE_1, 85 ** 8 GENERATE 86 ** elastic-flap 9 175, 204, 1 87 ** 0 220066,, 222211,, 11 88 *SOLID SECTION, 1 222233,, 997744,, 11 89 ELSET=ELASTIC-, 2 ** 90 MATERIAL=FLAP-ELA 3 ** flap 91 0.113131, 4 ** 92 ** 5 *NSET, NSET=FLAP, GENERATE 93 ** elastic-leg 6 433, 433, 1 94 ** 7 448, 517, 1 95 *SOLID SECTION, 8 1397, 1401, 1 96 ELSET=ELASTI_1, 9 1471, 1473, 1 97 MATERIAL=LEG-ELAS 0 1752, 1753, 1 98 0.1, 1 2994, 3062, 1 99 ** 2 3066, 3272, 1 100 ** flap 3 3275, 3343, 1 101 ** 4 ** 102 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=FLAP, 5 ** flap 103 MATERIAL=FLAP 6 ** 104 0.065, 5 7 * ELSET, ELSET=FLAP 1, 105 ** 8 GENERATE 106 ** leg-elastic 9 2305, 2654, 1 107 ** 0 ** 108 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=LEG- 1 ** center 109 ELAS, MATERIAL=COVER 2 ** 110 0.0574, 5 3 *NSET , NSET=CENTER , , GENERATE 111 ** 4 .421, 421, 1 112 ** side 5 .433, 527, 1 113 ** 6 1397, 1680, 1 114 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=SIDE 7 1752, 1918, 1 115 , MATERIAL=COVER 8 1920, 1932, 1 116 0.0574, 5 ** 59 1827, 2,, 0, ♦♦ cover 60 1828, 2, , 0 ** Date: 10-Jul-Ol 61 1829, 2,, 0, Time: 11:48:48 62 1830, 2, , 0, ** 63 *MATERIAL, NAME=COVER 64 ** 65 1914, 2,, 0, * DENS I TY 66 1915, 2,, 0 9.32E-10, 67 1916, I1, 0, ** 68 1917, 2,, 0 *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 69 1918, 2,, 0, 7.549, 0.3 70 ** ♦Damping, Alpha=1.0E+2 71 *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW ** 72 1823, 4, / 0, ** flap 73 1824, 4, / 0 ** Date: 10-Jul-Ol 74 1825, 4, / 0 Time: 11:48 :48 75 1826, 4, / 0 ** 76 1827, 4, / 0 *MATERIAL, NAME=FLAP 77 1828, 4, / 0 ** 78 1829, 4, / 0 *DENSITY 79 1830, 4, / 0 1.23E-9, 80 ** 81 *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 82 2045, 3, 0. 29.9, 0.3 83 2046, 3,, 0. *Damping,Alpha=1.0E+2 84 2047, 3,, 0. ** 85 2048, 3,, 0. ♦♦ leg-elastic 86 2049, 3,, 0. ** Date: 10-Jul-Ol 87 2050, 3, 0. Time: 11:48:48 88 ** ** 89 *ELSET, ELSET=PRESSURE, *MATERIAL, NAME=LEG-ELAS 90 GENERATE ** 91 1, 204, 1 *DENSITY 92 206, 221, 1 l.E-9, 93 223, 2304, 1 ** 94 ** *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 95 ♦Initial 2. , 0.4 96 Conditions,type=stress *Damping,Alpha=l . Oe+4 97 elastic-,2.82 ** 98 **elastic-, 0.282 ** flap-elastic 99 ♦Initial ** Date: 10-Jul-Ol 100 Conditions,type=stress Time: 11:48:48 101 elasti_l,2.00 ** 102 **elasti_l, 0.200 *MATERIAL, NAME=FLAP-ELA 103 *STEP ** 104 ♦dynamic,Explicit *DENSITY 105 ,0.25 1.1E-9, 106 ** ** 107 ♦Variable mass *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 108 scaling,type=below 2.82, 0.4 109 min,dt=2e-5,number *Damping,Alpha=l.Oe+4 ** 110 interval=2 ** centerline 111 ♦Amplitude,name=pressure ** 112 0.0,1.0e-4,100.0,1.0e-4 *BOtMDARY, OP=NEW 113 ** 1825, 2,, 0. 114 ** pressure 1826, 2,, 0. 115 ** *DLOAD, OP=NEW, amplitude=pressur> 1, P, -0.43666 2, P, -0.456156 3, P, -0.475681 4, P, -0.495328 5, P, -0.515066 6, P, -0.534804 7, P, -0.554599

2300, P, -0.18278 2301, P, -0.163574 2302, P, -0.162659 2303, P, -0.163195 2304, P, -0.163514 ** *output, field,number interval=30 *Element output,variables= preselect *Node output,variables= preselect ** *END STEP 57 2602, 200.302, DIAPER 2ND EMBODIMENT 58 60.0498, l.E-5 FILES 59 2603, 200.28, assy4.geom.Z 60 63.'4099, l.E-5 ** 61 2604, 238. , ** Units 62 71. l.E-5 ** Length mm 63 2605, 218. , ** 64 71. l.E-5 *NODE 65 2606, 222. , 1, -163. , 66 71. l.E-5 60. , l.E-5 67 2607, 226. , 2, -225. , 68 71. r l.E-5 140. l.E-5 69 2608, 230. , 3, -155., 70 71. l.E-5 140. l.E-5 71 2609, 234. , 4, -220.882, 72 71. l.E-5 140. l.E-5 73 2610, 238. , 5, -216.765, 74 116 l.E-5 140. l.E-5 75 2611, 238. , 6, -212.647, 76 75.0909, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 77 2612, 238. , 7, -208.529, 78 79.1818, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 79 2613, 238. , 8, -204.412, 80 83.2727, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 81 2614, 238. , 9, -200.294, 82 87.3636, l.E-5 140. f l.E-5 83 2615, 238. , 10, -196.177, 84 91.4545, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 85 2616, 238. , 11, -192.059, 86 95.5454, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 87 2617, 238. , 12, -187.941, 88 99.6364, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 89 2618, 238. , 13, -183.824, 90 103.727, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 91 2619, 238. , 14, -179.706, 92 107.818, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 93 2620, 238. , 15, -175.588, 94 111.909, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 95 2621, 214. , 16, -171.471, 96 116 l.E-5 140. l.E-5 97 2622, 234. , 17, -167.353, 98 116 l.E-5 140. l.E-5 99 2623, 230., 18, -163.235, 100 116 l.E-5 140. l.E-5 101 2624, 226. , 19, -159.118, 102 116 l.E-5 140. l.E-5 103 2625, 222. , 20, -155., 104 116 l.E-5 105 2626, 218. , 178. l.E-5 106 116 l.E-5 21, -155., 107 2627, 214. , 143.■ 8 , l.E-5 108 111.909, l.E-5 22, -155., 109 2628, 214., 147..6, l.E-5 110 107.818, l.E-5 111 119 2601, 200.889, 113 4557, -106.315, 56.:L228, l.E-5 114 89.1919, l.E-5 1 4558, -112.82, 59 16688, -165.143, 2 91.1875, l.E-5 60 46.1914, 146.169 3 4559, -112.82, 61 16689, -165.97, 4 91.1875, l.E-5 62 47.9667, 144.614 5 4560, -123.683, 63 16690, -166.767, 6 93.8327, l.E-5 64 49.7037, 143.014 7 4561, -123.683, 65 16693, -161.506, 8 93.8327, l.E-5 66 32.5828, 155.916 9 4562, -130.408, 67 0 95.2285, l.E-5 68 1 4563, -137.134, 69 26351, -237.802, 2 96.6243, l.E-5 70 -23.7646, .. 163.548 3 9999, 0., 71 26352, -240.04, 4 0. 72 -23.7627, 163.414 5 10000, -219.649, 73 26353, -242.278, 6 -8.51561, 167.795 74 -23.7598, 163.277 7 10001, -219.6, 75 26354, -244.516, 8 -11.5794, 167.355 76 -23.7593, 163.145 9 10002, -219.599, 77 26355, -246.755, 0 -14.6195, 166.772 78 -23.7644, 163.022 1 10003, -219.643, 79 26356, -248.994, 2 -17.6284, 166.046 80 -23.7784, 162.917 3 10004, -219.734, 81 26357, -251.235, 4 -20.5967, 165.172 82 -23.8047, 162.834 5 10005, -219.88, 83 ** 6 -23.5146, 164.149 84 ** torso 7 10006, -217.189, 85 ** 8 -8.41114, 167.86 86 *ELEMENT, TYPE=R3D4, 9 ... 87 ELSET=TORSO 0 ... 88 6654, 10000, 10001, 1 16672, -159.489, 89 10007, 10006 32 38.8181, 151.146 90 6655, 10001, 10002, 33 16673, -160.357, 91 10008, 10007 34 40.7464, 149.863 92 6656, 10002, 10003, 35 16674, -161.228, 93 10009, 10008 36 42.6357, 148.51 94 6657, 10003, 10004, 37 16675, -162.098, 95 10010, 10009 38 44.4874, 147.089 96 6658, 10004, 10005, 39 16676, -162.959, 97 10011, 10010 40 46.3019, 145.602 98 6659, 10006, 10007, 41 16677, -163.802, 99 10013, 10012 42 48.0777, 144.057 100 6660, 10007, 10008, 43 16678, -164.617, 101 10014, 10013 44 49.8144, 142.467 102 6661, 10008, 10009, 45 16681, -159.218, 103 10015, 10014 46 32.7022, 155.281 104 6662, 10009, 10010, 47 16682, -160.041, 105 10016, 10015 48 34.749, 154.173 106 6663, 10010, 10011, 49 16683, -160.877, 107 10017, 10016 50 36.7531, 153.006 51 16684, -161.725, 108 52 38.7176, 151.774 109 53 16685, -162.58, 110 20851, 26335, 26336, 54 40.643, 150.473 111 26351, 26350 55 16686, -163.439, 112 20852, 26336, 26337, 56 42.5295, 149.103 113 26352, 26351 57 16687, -164.295, 114 20853, 26337, 26338, 58 44.3786, 147.668 115 26353, 26352 20854, 26338, 26339, 58 172, 207, 228, 26354, 26353 59 206, 202 20855, 26339, 26340, 60 173, 198, 229, 26355, 26354 61 224, 197 20856, 26340, 26341, 62 174, 199, 230, 26356, 26355 63 229, 198 20857, 26341, 26342, 64 175, 200, 231, 26357, 26356 65 230, 199 ** 66 * ELEMENT TYPE=S4R ELSET=A 67 1, 21, 56, 68 247, 270, 283, 19, 3 69 284, 269 2, 22, 57, 70 248, 271, 282, 56, 21 71 283, 270 3, 23, 58, 72 249, 272, 273, 57, 22 73 282, 271 4, 24, 59, 74 250, 275, 276, 58, 23 75 277, 274 5, 25, 60, 76 251, 275, 265, 59, 24 77 266, 276 6, 26, 61, 78 * ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=C 60, 25 79 252, 224, 309, 7, 27, 62, 80 289, 197 61, 26 81 253, 223, 310, 8, 28, 63, 82 309, 224 62, 27 83 254, 222, 311, 9, 29, 64, 84 310, 223 63, 28 85 255, 221, 342, 86 311, 222 87 256, 220, 341, 159, 178, 193, 88 342, 221 192, 177 89 257, 219, 340, 160, 179, 194, 90 341, 220 193, 178 91 258, 218, 312, 161, 188, 195, 92 340, 219 184, 185 93 259, 217, 313, 162, 189, 196, 94 312, 218

196, 181 97 300, 335, 341, 164, 182, 183, 98 340, 334 184, 195 99 301, 336, 342, 165, 180, 191, 100 341, 335 194, 179 101 302, 337, 311, 166, 181, 190, 102 342, 336 191, 180 103 303, 339, 309, 167 , 181, 196, 104 310, 338 105 304, 337, 338, 189, 190 106 310, 311 * ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=B 107 305, 313, 314, 168, 203, 225, 108 333, 312 4, 2 109 * ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=D 169, 204, 226, 110 306, 368, 380, 225, 203 111 367, 365 170, 205, 227, 112 307, 369, 381, 226, 204 113 380, 368 171, 206, 228, 114 308, 370, 382, 227, 205 115 381, 369 1 309, 371, 383, 59 524, 593, 615, 2 382, 370 60 614, 592 3 310, 372, 384, 61 525, 594, 616, 4 383, 371 62 615, 593 5 311, 373, 385, 63 526, 595, 617, 6 384, 372 64 616, 594 7 312, 374, 386, 65 527, 596, 618, 8 385, 373 66 617, 595 g 67 528, 597, 619, 10 68 618, 596 11 425, 477, 480, 69 529, 598, 620, 12 444, 445 70 619, 597 13 426, 478, 481, 71 530, 599, 621, 14 480, 477 72 620, 598 1-L~RJ 497 4**_5>.9? , 460, 73 16 461 479 74 17 428, 480, 464, 75 658, 713, 732, 18 443, 444 76 731, 712 19 429, 481, 463, 77 659, 714, 733, 20 464, 480 78 732, 713 21 430, 481, 461, 79 .660, 724, 733, 22 462, 463 80 714, 715 23 431, 481, 478, 81 661, 730, 729, 24 479, 461 82 722, 723 25 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=E 83 662, 726, 26 432, 483, 508, 84 733, 724, 725 27 345, 343 85 663, 727, 732, 28 433, 484, 509, 86 733, 726 29 508, 483 87 664, 728, 731, 30 434, 485, 510, 88 732, 727 31 509, 484 89 665, 728, 729, 32 435, 486, 511, 90 730, 731 33 510, 485 91 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=G 34 436, 487, 512, 92 666, 735, 756, 35 511, 486 93 604, 591 36 437, 488, 513, 94 667, 736, 757, 37 512, 487 95 756, 735 38 96 668, 737, 758, 39 97 757, 736 40 515, 564, 579, 98 669, 738, 759, 41 554, 555 99 758, 737 42 516, 574, 573, 100 670, 739, 760, 43 566, 567 101 759, 738 44 517, 575, 572, 102 671, 741, 760, 45 573, 574 103 739, 734 46 518, 576, 571, 104 672, 742, 761, 47 572, 575 105 760, 741 48 519, 577, 570, 106 673, 743, 762, 49 571, 576 107 761, 742 50 520, 578, 569, 108 674, 744, 763, 51 570, 577 52 521, 579, 568, 109 762, 743 53 569, 578 110 675, 745, 764, 54 522, 579, 564, 111 763, 744 55 565, 568 112 56 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=F 113 57 523, 592, 614, 114 726, 794, 805, 58 590, 580 115 792, 793 727, 795, 804, 59 4364, 3674, 3663, 805, 794 60 3622, 3623 728, 796, 803, 61 4365, 2812, 2811, 804, 795 62 3676, 2947 729, 797, 802, 63 4366, 3365, 3366, 803, 796 64 3097, 3098 730, 798, 801, 65 4367, 3646, 3645, 802, 797 66 3677, 3647 731, 798, 799, 67 4368, 3508, 3486, 800, 801 68 3678, 3487 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=H 69 4369, 3657, 3554, 732, 507, 817, 70 3555, 3658 816, 344 71 4370, 3672, 3661, 733, 506, 818, 72 3643, 3644 817, 507 73 4371, 3660, 3616, 734, 505, 819, 74 3617, 3618 818, 506 75 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=J 735, 504, 820, 76 1631, 848, 1402, 819, 505 77 1011, 847 736, 503, 821, 78 1632, 849, 1012, 820, 504 79 1402, 848 737, 502, 822, 80 1633, 850, 1013, 821, 503 81 1012, 849 738, 755, 822, 82 1634, 851, 1014, 502, 489 83 1013, 850 739, 754, 823, 84 1635, 852, 1015, 822, 755 85 1014, 851 86 1636, 853, 1016, 87 1015, 852 770, 839, 846, 88 1637, 854, 1017, 837, 838 89 1016, 853 771, 841, 846, 90 1638, 855, 1018, 839, 840 91 1017, 854 772, 842, 845, 92 1639, 856, 1019, 846, 841 93 1018, 855 773 , 842, 843, 94 844, 845 95 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=I 96 2100, 1353, 1361, 3521, 2636, 3676, 97 1362, 1352 2811, 2562 98 2101, 1354, 1360, 3522, 2635, 2947, 99 1361, 1353 3676, 2636 100 2102, 1354, 1355, 3523, 2634, 2948, 101 1359, 1360 2947, 2635 102 2103, 1010, 1011, 3524, 2633, 2949, 103 1402, 1012 2948, 2634 104 2104, 1310, 1311, 3525, 2632, 2950, 105 1217, 1218 2949, 2633 106 2105, 1092, 1211, 3526, 2631, 2951, 107 1403, 1091 2950, 2632 108 2106, 1205, 1206, 109 1404, 1358 110 2107, 1359, 1355, 4361, 3642, 3662, 111 1405, 1356 3663, 3641 112 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=K 4362, 3643, 3661, 113 2108, 1508, 1500, 3662, 3642 114 1506, 1530 4363 3674 115 2109, 1509, 1508, 3623, 3664, 3675 116 1530, 1531 1 2110, 1510, 1509, 58 3472, 2798, 2850, 2 1531, 1532 59 2816, 2797 3 2111, 1511, 1510, 60 3473, 2799, 2818, 4 1532, 1533 61 2850, 2798 5 2112, 1512, 1511, 62 3474, 2796, 2819, 6 1533, 1534 63 2818, 2799 7 2113, 1507, 1512, 64 3475, 2801, 2820, 8 1534, 1535 65 2819, 2796 9 2114, 1513, 1507, 66 3476, 2802, 2821, 0 1535, 1536 67 2820, 2801 1 2115, 1513, 1536, 68 3477, 2803, 2822, 2 1537, 1538 69 2821, 2802 3 2116, 1515, 1513, 70 3478, 2800, 2823, 4 1538, 1539 71 2822, 2803 5 2117, 1516, 1515, 72 3479, 2805, 2824, 6 1539, 1540 73 2823, 2800 7 2118, 1517, 1516, 74 3480, 2806, 2825, 8 1540, 1541 75 2824, 2805 9 2119, 1518, 1517, 76 0 1541, 1542 77 1 2120, 1519, 1518, 78 3510, 2824, 2847, 2 1542, 1543 79 2846, 2823 3 80 3511, 2825, 2848, 4 81 2847, 2824 5 3240, 2538, 2537, 82 3512, 2842, 2840, 6 2556, 2555 83 2841, 2817 7 3241, 2539, 2538, 84 3513, 2844, 2838, 8 2555, 2554 85 2839, 2843 9 3242, 2540, 2539, 86 3514, 2844, 2845, 0 2554, 2553 87 2837, 2838 1 3243, 2541, 2540, 88 3515, 2847, 2831, 32 2553, 2552 89 2832, 2837 3 3244, 2542, 2541, 90 3516, 2826, 2827, 34 2552, 2551 91 2848, 2825 35 3245, 2543, 2542, 92 3517, 2847, 2837, 6 2551, 2550 93 2845, 2846 37 3246, 2544, 2543, 94 3518, 2842, 2843, 38 2550, 2549 95 2839, 2840 39 3247, 2544, 2549, 96 3519, 2809, 2810, 40 2548, 2545 97 2849, 2829 1 3248, 2455, 2454, 98 3520, 2817, 2816, 42 2559, 2561 99 2850, 2818 43 3249, 2366, 2365, 100 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R'., ELSET=L 44 2451, 2452 101 3252, 2568, 2562, 45 3250, 2486, 2515, 102 2567, 2574 46 2560, 2487 103 3253, 2569, 2568, 47 3251, 2456, 2455, 104 2574, 2575 48 2561, 2457 105 3254, 2570, 2569, 49 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=T 106 2575, 2576 50 3468, 2811, 2813, 107 3255, 2571, 2570, 51 2567, 2562 108 2576, 2577 52 3469, 2812, 2814, 109 3256, 2572, 2571, 53 2813, 2811 110 2577, 2578 54 3470, 2795, 2815, 111 3257, 2573, 2572, 55 2814, 2812 112 2578, 2579 56 3471, 2797, 2816, 113 3258, 1519, 1514, 57 2815, 2795 114 2573, 2579 1 3259, 1507, 1513, 58 3353, 2664, 2686, 2 1515, 2580 59 2680, 2663 3 3260, 1512, 1507, 60 3354, 2669, 2686, 4 2580, 2581 61 2664, 2665 5 62 3355, 2670, 2685, 6 63 2686, 2669 7 3280, 2582, 2581, 64 3356, 2671, 2684, 8 2596, 2597 65 2685, 2670 9 3281, 2583, 2582, 66 3357, 2672, 2683, 0 2597, 2598 67 2684, 2671 1 3282, 2584, 2583, 68 3358, 2673, 2682, 2 2598, 2599 69 2683, 2672 3 3283, 2589, 2585, 70 3359, 2673, 2674, 4 2584, 2599 71 2681, 2682 5 3284, 2587, 2586, 72 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=N 6 2595, 2600 73 3360, 2693, 2699, 7 3285, 2596, 2588, 74 2692, 2687 8 2587, 2600 75 3361, 2694, 2700, 9 3286, 2597, 2596, 76 2699, 2693 0 2600, 2601 77 3362, 2695, 2701, 1 3287, 2598, 2597, 78 2700, 2694 2 2601, 2602 79 3363, 2696, 2702, 3 3288, 2599, 2598, 80 2701, 2695 4 2602, 2603 81 3364, 2697, 2703, 5 3289, 2590, 2589, 82 2702, 2696 6 2599, 2603 83 3365, 2698, 2704, 7 3290, 2592, 2591, 84 2703, 2697 8 2590, 2603 85 3366, 2609, 2704, 29 3291, 2593, 2592, 86 2698, 2604 0 2603, 2602 87 3367, 2568, 2705, 31 3292, 2594, 2593, 88 2605, 2562 32 2602, 2601 89 3368, 2569, 2706, 3 3293, 2594, 2601, 90 2705, 2568 34 2600, 2595 91 3369, 2570, 2707, 35 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=M 92 2706, ' 2569 36 3294, 2605, 2637, 93 3370, 2571, 2708, 37 2636, 2562 94 2707, 2570 38 3295, 2606, 2638, 95 39 2637, 2605 96 40 3296, 2607, 2639, 97 3400, 2723, 2726, 41 2638, 2606 98 2727, 2722 42 3297, 2608, 2640, 99 3401, 2723, 2724, 43 2639, 2607 100 2725, 2726 44 3298, 2609, 2641, 101 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R,, ELSET=O 45 2640, 2608 102 3402, 2730, 2745, 46 3299, 2611, 2641, 103 1529, 1406 47 2609, 2604 104 3403, 2731, 2746, 48 3300, 2622, 2642, 105 2745, 2730 49 2620, 2610 106 3404, 2732, 2747, 50 107 2746, 2731 51 108 3405, 2733, 2748, 52 3350, 2678, 2684, 109 2747, 2732 53 110 3406, 2734, 2749, 2683, 2677 111 2748, 2733 54 3351, 2679, 2685, 112 3407, 2735, 2749, 55 2684, 2678 113 2734, 2729 56 3352, 2680, 2686, 114 3408, 2736, 2750, 57 2685, 2679 115 2749, 2735 1 3409, 2737, 2751, 58 5513, 4202, 4201, 2 2750, 2736 59 4208, 4207 3 3410, 2738, 2752, 60 5514, 4203, 4202, 4 2751, 2737 61 4207, 4206 5 62 5515, 4203, 4206, 6 63 4205, 4204 7 3460, 2779, 2794, 64 *ELEMENT,, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=Q 8 2793, 2778 65 4900, 3765, 806, 9 3461, 2781, 2794, 66 740, 3852 0 2779, 2780 67 4901, 3764, 3765, 1 3462, 2783, 2794, 68 3852, 3851 2 2781, 2782 69 4902, 3763, 3764, 3 3463, 2784, 2793, 70 3851, 3850 4 2794, 2783 71 4903, 3762, 3763, 5 3464, 2785, 2792, 72 3850, 3849 6 2793, 2784 73 4904, 3761, 3762, 7 3465, 2786, 2791, 74 3849, 3848 8 2792, 2785 75 4905, 3760, 3761, 9 3466, 2787, 2790, 76 3848, 3847 0 2791, 2786 77 4906, 3759, 3760, 1 3467, 2787, 2788, 78 3847, 3846 2 2789, 2790 79 4907, 3758, 3759, 3 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=P 80 3846, 3845 4 4988, 1508, 1500, 81 4908, 3757, 3758, 5 1506, 3853 82 3845, 3844 6 4989, 1509, 1508, 83 4909, 3756, 3757, 7 3853, 3854 84 3844, 3843 8 4990, 1510, 1509, 85 4910, 3755, 3756, 9 3854, 3855 86 3843, 3842 0 4991, 1511, 1510, 87 31 3855, 3856 88 32 4992, 1512, 1511, 89 4980, 3685, 3686, 3 3856, 3857 90 3773, 3772 34 4993, 3679, 1507, 91 4981, 3684, 3685, 35 1512, 3857 92 3772, 3771 36 4994, 808, 806, 93 4982, 3683, 3684, 37 3765, 3858 94 3771, 3770 38 4995, 809, 808, 95 4983, 3682, 3683, 39 3858, 3859 96 3770, 3769 40 4996, 1, 809, 97 4984, 3681, 3682, 1 3859, 3860 98 3769, 3768 42 4997, 807, 1, 99 4985, 3680, 3681, 43 3860, 3861 100 3768, 3767 44 4998, 811, 807, 101 4986, 3679, 3680, 45 3861, 3862 102 3767, 3766 46 4999, 927, 810, 103 4987, 3679, 3766, 47 811, 3862 104 1513, 1507 48 5000, 926, 927, 105 *ELEMENT,TYPE=T3D2, ELSET=R 49 3862, 3863 106 5722, 4348, 4349 50 107 5723, 4349, 4350 51 108 5724, 4351, 4352 52 5510, 4199, 4198, 109 5725, 4352, 4353 53 4211, 4210 110 5726, 4354, 4355 54 5511, 4200, 4199, 111 5727, 4355, 4356 55 4210, 4209 112 5728, 4357, 4358 56 5512, 4201, 4200, 113 5729, 4358, 4359 57 4209, 4208 114 5730, 4360, 4361 5860, 4548, 4549 5861, 4550, 4551 5862, 4551, 4552 5863, 4553, 4554 5864, 4555, 4556 5865, 4556, 4557 5866, 4557, 4558 5867, 4559, 4560 5868, 4561, 4562 5869, 4562, 4563 *ELEMENT,TYPE=T3D2, ELSET=S 5664, 4288, 4289 5665, 4289, 4290 5666, 4290, 4291 5667, 4291, 4292 5668, 4292, 4293 5669, 4293, 4294 5670, 4294, 4295

5715, 4340, 4341 5716, 4341, 4342 5717, 4342, 4343 5718, 4343, 4344 5719, 4344, 4345 5720, 4345, 4346 5721, 4346, 4347 *ELEMENT,TYPE=B31 , ELSET=U 6447, 2729, 2735 6448, 2735, 2736 6449, 2736, 2737 6450, 2737, 2738

6650, 587, 588 6651, 588, 589 6652, 589, 590 6653, 590, 580 ** assy4.sets.Z 59 *NSET, NSET=Q, GENERATE ** 60 740, 740, 1 ** torso 61 806, 806, 1 ** 62 1507, 1507, 1 *NSET, NSET=TORSO, GENERATE 63 1513, 1513, 1 9999, 10311, 1 64 3679, 3852, 1 10313, 10326, 1 65 ** 10342, 10557, 1 66 ** g 10564, 10668, 1 67 ** 10691, 10696, 1 68 *ELSET, ELSET=Q 1, GENERATE 10698, 10703, 1 69 4900, 4987, 1 10705, 10710, 1 70 ** 10712, 10717, 1 71 ** s 10719, 10724, 1 72 ** 10726, 10731, 1 73 *NSET, NSET=S, GENERATE 74 4288, 4347, 1 75 ** .26209, 26227, 1 76 ** s 26229, 26247, 1 77 ** 26283, 26296, 1 78 *ELSET, ELSET=S 1, GENERATE 26299, 26312, 1 79 5664, 5721, 1 26314, 26327, 1 80 ** 26329, 26342, 1 81 ** a 26344, 26357, 1 82 ** ** 83 *NSET, NSET=A, GENERATE ** torso 84 1, 196, 1 ** 85 ** *ELSET, ELSET=TORSO, 86 ** a GENERATE 87 ** 6654, 20857, 1 88 *ELSET, ELSET=A 1, GENERATE ** 89 1, 167, 1 ** J? 90 ** ** 91 ** b *NSET, NSET=R, GENERATE 92 ** 4348, 4563, 1 93 *NSET, NSET=B, GENERATE ** 94 2, 19, 1 ** r 95 197, 286, 1 ** 96 ** *ELSET, ELSET=R 1, GENERATE 97 ** b 5722, 5869, 1 98 ** ** 99 *ELSET, ELSET=B 1, GENERATE ** p 100 168, 251, 1 ** 101 ** *NSET, NSET=P, GENERATE 102 ** c 1, 1, 1 103 ** ..06, 811, 1 104 *NSET, NSET=C, GENERATE 847, 927, 1 105 197, 197, 1 1500, 1512, 1 106 202, 202, 1 3679, 3765, 1 107 207, 224, 1 3853, 4287, 1 108 287, 342, 1 ** 109 ** ** p 110 ** c ** 111 ** *ELSET, ELSET=P 1, GENERATE 112 *ELSET, ELSET=C 1, GENERATE 4988, 5515, 1 113 252, 305, 1 ** 114 ** ** q 115 ** a ** 116 ** *NSET, NSET=D, GENERATE 59 ** 202, 202, 1 60 *ELSET, ELSET=H :L, GENERATE 290( 301, 1 61 732, 773 1 343, 481, 1 62 ** ** 63 ** j_ ** d 64 ** ** 65 *NSET, NSET=I, GENERATE *ELSET, ELSET=D 1, GENERATE 66 197, 197 1 306, 431, 1 67 287, 289 1 ** 68 293, 293 1 ** e 69 302, 308 1 ** 70 344, 344 1 *NSET, NSET=E, GENERATE 71 357, 364 1 343 356, 1 72 810, 810 1 482 579, 1 73 812, 816 1 ** 74 847, 927 1 ** e 75 2562, 2562 1 ** 76 2610, 2610 1 *ELSET, ELSET=E 1, GENERATE 77 2621, 2636 1 432 522, 1 78 2795, 2812 1 ** 79 2851, 3678 1 ** f 80 ** ** 81 ** J. *NSET, NSET=F, GENERATE .82 ** 482 482, 1 83 *ELSET, ELSET=I :1, GENERATE 489 501, 1 84 3521, 4371 1 580 733, 1 85 ** ** 86 ** j ** f 87 ** ** 88 *NSET, NSET=J, GENERATE *ELSET, ELSET=F 1, GENERATE 89 807, 807 1 523 665, 1 90 810, 811 1 ** 91 847, 1405 1 ** g 92 ** ** 93 ** j *NSET, NSET=G, GENERATE 94 ** 489 489, 1 95 *ELSET, ELSET=J 1, GENERATE 591 591, 1 96 1631, 2107 1 604 613, 1 97 ** 734 805, 1 98 ** k ** 99 ** ** g 100 *NSET, NSET=K, GENERATE ** 101 1, 1 1 *ELSET, ELSET=G 1, GENERATE 102 734, 734 1 666, 731, 1 103 740, 750, 1 ** 104 806, 809, 1 ** h 105 847, 847, 1 ** 106 928, 1011, 1 *NSET, NSET=H, GENERATE 107 1406, 2561, 1 1, 1, 1 108 ** 344, 344, 1 109 ** k 489, 489, 1 110 ** 502, 507, 1 111 *ELSET, ELSET=K :1, GENERATE 740, 740, ■ 1 112 2108, 3251, 1 751, 755, 1 113 ** 806, 846, 1 114 ** ]_ ** 115 ** ** h 116 *NSET, NSET=L, GENERATE 1500 1500, 1 59 *ELSET, ELSET=T :L, GENERATE 1507 1519, 1 60 3468, 3520 1 2562 2603, 1 61 ** ** 62 ** waistnodes ** ]_ 63 ** ** 64 *NSET, NSET=WAISTNOD *ELSET, ELSET=L 1, GENERATE 65 4958, 4961, 4964, 3252 3293, 1 66 4967, 4970, 4972, ** 67 4974, 4979, ** m 68 4982, 4983, 4988, ** 69 4991, 4994, 4997, *NSET, NSET=M, GENERATE 70 5000, 5003, 2562 2562, 1 71 5006, 5009, 5012, 2604, 2686, 1 72 5015, 5018, 5021, ** 73 5024, 5027, ** m 74 5030, 5033, 5036, ** 75 5039, 5042, 5073, *ELSET, ELSET=M 1, GENERATE 76 5076, 5123, 3294 3359, 1 77 5126, 5153, 5155, ** 78 5159, 5162, 5163, ** n 79 5168, 5171, ** 80 5172, 5177, 5180, *NSET, NSET=N, GENERATE 81 5183, 5186, 5189, 1514 1514, 1 82 5192, 5195, 2562 2562, 1 83 5210, 5213, 5270, 2568 2573, 1 84 5273, 5276 2604 2609, 1 85 ** 2687 2728, 1 86 ** U ** 87 ** ** n 88 *NSET, NSET=U, GENERATE ** 89 2, 3 1 *ELSET, ELSET=N 1, GENERATE 90 20, 55 1 3360 3401, 1 91 197, 206 1 ** 92 343, 343 1 ** O 93 365, 379 1 ** 94 482, 488 1 *NSET, NSET=O, GENERATE 95 580, 590 1 1406 1406, 1 96 2604, 2604 1 1514 1514, 1 97 2610, 2620 1 1520 1529, 1 98 2687, 2687 1 2687 2692, 1 99 2693, 2698 1 2729 2794, 1 100 2729, 2729 1 ** 101 2735, 2744 1 ** O 102 2851, 2946, 1 ** 103 ** *ELSET, ELSET=O 1, GENERATE 104 ** U 3402, 3467, 1 105 ** ** 106 *ELSET, ELSET=U 1, GENERATE ** t 107 6447, 6653, 1 ** 108 ** *NSET, -NSET=T, GENERATE 109 ** PuIl-RT 847, 847, 1 110 ** 1500, 1506, 1 111 *ELSET, ELSET=PULL-RT, 2562, 2567, 1 112 GENERATE 2795, 2850, 1 113 6588, 6604, 1 ** 114 ** ** t 115 ** PuIl-FT** ** 116 ** *ELSET, ELSET=PULL-FT, GENERATE 6478, 6504, 1 ** ** PuIl-FE ** *ELSET, ELSET=PULL-FE, GENERATE 6447, 6477, 1 ** *ELSET, ELSET=PRESSURE, GENERATE 1, 773, 1 1631, 4371, 1 ** assy4•surfaces.Z 59 S2 M2 ** 60 *SURFACE INTERACTION, ** flap 61 NAME=I2 ** 62 ** *SURFACE DEFINITION,NAME=M2 63 ** leg 4900, SPOS 64 ** 4901, SPOS 65 *SURFACE DEFINITION,NAME=M 4902, SPOS 66 1634, SPOS 4903, SPOS 67 1635, SPOS 4904 SPOS 68 1636, SPOS 4905 SPOS 69 1637, SPOS 4906 SPOS 70 1638, SPOS 4907, SPOS 71 1639, SPOS 4908, SPOS 72 1640, SPOS 4909, SPOS 73 4910, SPOS 74 75 1950, SPOS 76 1951, SPOS 4980, SPOS 77 1952, SPOS 4981, SPOS 78 1953, SPOS 4982, SPOS 79 1954, SPOS 4983, SPOS 80 1955, SPOS 4984, SPOS 81 1956, SPOS 4985, SPOS 82 1957, SPOS 4986, SPOS 83 3595, SPOS 4987, SPOS 84 3596, SPOS ^CONTACT NODE SET, NAME=S2 85 3597, SPOS 4288, 4289, 4290, 86 3598, SPOS 4291, 4292, 4293, 87 3599, SPOS 4294, 4295, 88 3600, SPOS 4296, 4297, 4298, 89 4299, 4300, 4301, 90 4302, 4303, 91 4360, SPOS 4304, 4305, 4306, 92 4361, SPOS 4307, 4308, 4309, 93 4362, SPOS 4310, 4311, 94 4363, SPOS 4312, 4313, 4314, 95 4364, SPOS 4315, 4316, 4317, 96 4367, SPOS 4318, 4319, 97 4368, SPOS 4320, 4321, 4322, 98 4370, SPOS 4323, 4324, 4325, 99 4371, SPOS 4326, 4327, 100 *CONTACT NODE SET, NAME=S3 4328, 4329, 4330, 101 4348, 4349, 4350, 4331, 4332, 4333, 102 4351, 4352, 4353, 4334, 4335, 103 4354, 4355, 4336, 4337, 4338, 104 4356, 4357, 4358, 4339, 4340, 4341, 105 4359, 4360, 4361, 4342, 4343, 4344, 4345, 4346, 106 4362, 4363, 4347 107 4364, 4365, 4366, ** 108 4367, 4368, 4369, **TIED Contact between 109 4370, 4371, the flap elastic and the 110 4372, 4373, 4374, flap 111 4375, 4376, 4377, ** 112 4378, 4379, *CONTACT PAIR, 113 4380, 4381, 4382, INTERACTION=I2,ADJUST=I, 114 4383, 4384, 4385, TIED 115 4386, 4387, 4388, 4389 4390, 58 4540, 4541, 4542, 4391, 4392, 4393, 59 4543, 4544, 4545, 4394, 4395, 60 4546, 4547, 4396, 4397 4398, 61 4548, 4549, 4550, 4399, 4400, 4401, 62 4551, 4552, 4553, 4402, 4403, 63 4554, 4555, 4404, 4405 4406, 64 4556, 4557, 4558, 4407, 4408, 4409, 65 4559, 4560, 4561, 4410, 4411, 66 4562, 4563 4412, 4413 4414, 67 ** 4415, 4416, 4417, 68 **TIED Contact between 4418, 4419, 69 the leg elastic and the 4420, 4421 4422, 70 cover 4423, 4424, 4425, 71 ** 4426, 4427, 72 *CONTACT PAIR, 4428, 4429 4430, 73 INTERACTION=I3, ADJUST=I. , 4431, 4432, 4433, 74 TIED 4434, 4435, 75 S3 M3 4436, 4437 4438, 76 *SURFACE INTERACTION, 4439, 4440, 4441, 77 NAME=I3 4442, 4443, 78 ** 4444, 4445 4446, 79 *RIGID BODY, ELSET=TORSO, 4447, 4448, 4449, 80 REF NODE=9999 4450, 4451, 81 ** 4452, 4453 4454, 82 *SURFACE DEFINITION, 4455, 4456, 4457, 83 NAME=torso 4458, 4459, 84 TORSO, SPOS 4460, 4461 4462, 85 *SURFACE DEFINITION,NAME=S4 4463, 4464, 4465, 86 1, SPOS 4466, 4467, 87 2, SPOS 4468, 4469 4470, 88 3, SPOS 4471, 4472, 4473, 89 4, SPOS 4474, 4475, 90 5, SPOS 4476, 4477 4478, 91 6, SPOS 4479, 4480, 4481, 92 7, SPOS 4482, 4483, 93 8, SPOS 4484, 4485 4486, 94 9, SPOS 4487, 4488, 4489, 95 10, SPOS 4490, 4491, 96 4492, 4493 4494, 97 4495, 4496, 4497, 98 4370, SPOS 4498, 4499, 99 4371, SPOS 4500, 4501 4502, 100 ** 4503, 4504, 4505, 101 ** Contact between the 4506, 4507, 102 diaper and the torso 4508, 4509 4510, 103 ** 4511, 4512, 4513, 104 *CONTACT PAIR, 4514, 4515, 105 INTERACTION=I4 4516, 4517 4518, 106 S4, torso ** 4519, 4520, 4521, 107 108 *SURFACE DEFINITION,NAME=S5 4522, 4523, 109 4900, SPOS 4524, 4525 4526, 110 4527, 4528, 4529, 111 4530, 4531, 112 5510,. SPOS 4532, 4533 4534, 113 5511,, SPOS 4535, 4536, 4537, 114 5512,. SPOS 4538, 4539, 115 5513,. SPOS 5514, SPOS 5515, SPOS ** ** Contact between the diaper and the torso ** *CONTACT PAIR, INTERACTION=I5 S5, Torso ** ** fasten ** *SURFACE DEFINITION, NAME=waistband 2108, sneg 2109, sneg 2110,. sneg

44337700,,. ssnneegg 44337711,,. ssnneegg **SSUURRFFAACCEE DDEEFFIINNIITTIIOONN,, NNAAMMEE==vveellcc:rroo I11,, SSPPOOSS 22,,, SSPPOOSS 33,,, SSPPOOSS 44,,, SSPPOOSS ■■ 55 ,,, SSPPOOSS 66,,, SSPPOOSS 77,,, SSPPOOSS 88,,, SSPPOOSS 99,,, SSPPOOSS 11O01,, SSPPOOSS

160,, SPOS 16I1, SPOS 162,, SPOS 163,, SPOS 164,, SPOS 165,, SPOS 166,, SPOS 167,, SPOS ** ** Contact to simulate fastening of the velcro wasit tab ** * CONTACT PAIR, INTERACTION=I IO , Mechanical Constraint=Penalty, Weight=1 . 0 velcro, waistband ** assy3.materials 59 0.0849856,0.0195 ** 60 0.113314133,0.02300005 ** Material Units 61 0.113314133 , 0.0265 ** Density 62 0.113314133,0.0295 Tonne/mm**3 63 0.141642667, 0.033 ** Modulus MPa 64 0.141642667,0.036 ** Stress MPa 65 0.169974075,0.0395 ** 66 0.169974075,0.043 *************************** 67 0.169974075,0.04600005 *************************** 68 0.198302608,0.0495 ****************** 69 0.198302608,0.0525 ** 70 0.198302608,0.056 *MATERIAL, NAME=PAD 71 0.226631141,0.0595 *Damping,Alpha=100 72 0.226631141,0.0625 *DENSITY 73 0.226631141,0.0655 5.E-IO, . 74 0.254959675,0.06900005 *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 75 0.254959675,0.072 1.0, 0.1 *************************** 76 0.254959675,0.075 *************************** 77 0.283288208,0.07850005 ****************** 78 0.283288208,0.082 ** 79 0.283288208,0.085 *MATERIAL, NAME=COVER 80 0.311616741,0.0885 *Damping,Alpha=100 81 0.339945275,0.0915 *DENSITY 82 0.311616741,0.095 9.32E-10, 83 0.339945275,0.0985 *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 84 0.339945275,0.10150005 7.549, 0.3 85 0.339945275,0.105 *************************** 86 0.368273808,0.10850005 *************************** 87 0.368273808,0.1115 ****************** 88 0.368273808,0.1145 ** 89 0.396602341,0.118 *MATERIAL, NAME=FLAP 90 0.396602341,0.1215 *Damping,Alpha=100 91 0.396602341,0.12450005 *DENSITY 92 0.396602341,0.128 1.23E-9, 93 0.424930875,0.131 *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 94 0.424930875,0.1345 29.9, 0.3 95 0.45326237, 0.1375 *************************** 96 0.45326237, 0.14100005 *************************** 97 0.45326237, 0.1445 ****************** 98 0.45326237, 0.14750005 ** 99 0.481590903 ,0.151 *MATERIAL, NAME=SPANDEX 100 0.481590903,0.154 *Damping,Alpha=100 101 0.481590903,0.1575 *Expansion 102 0.509919436, 0.1605 1.0 103 0.481590903 ,0.16400005 *DENSITY 104 0.509919436,0.1675 1.1E-9, 105 0.509919436, 0.17050005 *Hyperelastic, Neo 106 0.53824797,0.174 Hooke, Test Data Input 107 0.53824797,0.177 *Uniaxial Test Data 108 0.53824797,0.1805 ** Flap and leg elastic, 109 0.566576503, 0.1835 ** Stress (MPa) , Strain 110 0.566576503,0.18700005 0.028328533,0.0035 111 0.566576503, 0.19 0.056657067,0.0065 112 0.566576503,0.19350005 0.056657067,0.01 113 0.566576503, 0.197 0.056657067,0.013 114 0.594905036, 0.2 0.056657067,0.0165 115 0.594905036, 0.20350005 116 0.594905036,0.207 .594905036, 0.21000005 59 1.778902896,3 0619295 .62323357, 0.2135 60 1.789222114,3 078268 .62323357,0.2165 61 1.798797502,3 094616 0.62323357, 0.22 62 1.809209646,3 110935 0.62323357,0.22350005 63 1.819249769,3 1272835 0.651562103, 0.22650005 64 1.831056436,3 147589 0.651562103, 0.23 65 ************************ 0.651562103, 0.23300005 66 ************************ 0.651562103, 0.236 67 ************************ 0 ,679890636, 0.2395 68 ** 0.679890636, 0.24250005 69 ** Velcro 0.679890636, 0.246 70 ** 0.679890636, 0.24900005 71 *MATERIAL, NAME=VELCRO 0.70821917,0.2525 72 *Damping,Alpha=l00 0.70821917,0.256 73 *DENSITY 0.736547703, 0.25950005 74 1.23E-9, 0.70821917,0.2625 75 *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 0.736547703, 0.266 76 29.9, 0.3 0.736547703, 0.269 77 *************************** 0.736547703, 0.2725 78 *************************** 0.736547703, 0.2755 79 ****************** 0.736547703, 0.279 80 *************************** 0.764879111, 0.28200005 81 *************************** 0.764879111, 0.2855 82 ****************** 83 ** 0.764879111, 0.28850005 84 *Orientation, Name=Global 0.793207644, 0.292 85 1,0,0, 0,1,0 0.793207644, 0.29500005 86 3,0 0.764879111, 0.2985 87 ** 0.793207644, 0.302 88 *************************** 0.793207644, 0.30500005 89 *************************** 0.793207644, 0.3085 90 ****************** 0.821536178, 0.31150005 91 *************************** 0.821536178, 0.315 92 *************************** 0.821536178, 0.31800005 93 ****************** 0.821536178, 0.32150005 94 ** 0.849864711, 0.325 95 ** A 0.849864711, 0.32800005 96 ** 0.849864711, 0.3315 97 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=A, 0.849864711, 0.335 98 MATERIAL=VELCRO , Controls=hg 0.849864711, 0.338 99 1 . 6 , 5 0.878193244, 0.3415 100 * * 0.849864711, 0.34450005 101 * * B 0.878193244, 0.348 102 ** 0.878193244, 0.35150005 103 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=B , 0.878193244, 0.3545 104 MATERIAL=WAIST , Controls=hg 0.878193244, 0.358 105 0 . 6 , 5 0.906521778,0.361 106 * * 0.906521778,0.3645 107 ** Q 0.906521778,0.36750005 108 * * 0.906521778,0.371 109 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=C, 0.906521778,0.3745 110 Composite, 0.934850311,0.3775 111 Orientation=Global, 112 Controls=hg 1 . 727586113 , 2 . 9766045 113 0.15, 3, Cover 1 . 737161501 , 2 . 992923 1 . 747294761 , 3 . 008927 114 0.60, 3, Waist 1 . 756684191 , 3 . 025246 115 ** 1 . 766631494 , 3 . 0415845 116 ** D ** 59 ** *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=D, 60 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=K, Composite, 61 Composite, Orientation=Global, 62 Orientation=Global, Controls=hg 63 Controls=hg 0.15, 3, Cover 64 0.15, 3, Cover ** 65 5.00, 3, Pad ** E 66 ** ** 67 ** L *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=E, 68 ** Composite, 69 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=L, Orientation=Global, 70 Composite, Controls=hg 71 Orientation=Global, 0.15, 3, Cover 72 Controls=hg 0.30, 3, Flap 73 0.15, 3, Cover ** 74 5.00, 3, Pad ** F 75 0.30, 3, flap ** 76 ** *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=F, 77 ** M Composite, 78 ** Orientation=Global, 79 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=M, Controls=hg 80 Composite, 0.15, 3, Cover 81 Orientation=Global, ** 82 Controls=hg ** G 83 0.15, 3, Cover ** 84 ** *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=G, 85 ** N Composite, 86 ** Orientation=Global, 87 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=N, Controls=hg 88 Composite, 0.15, 3, Cover 89 Orientation=Global, ** 90 Controls=hg ** H 91 0.15, 3, Cover ** 92 0.30, 3, flap *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=H, 93 ** Composite, 94 ** o Orientation=Global, 95 ** Controls=hg 96 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=O, 0.15, 3, Cover 97 Composite, 0.30, 3, Flap 98 Orientation=Global, ** 99 Controls=hg ** j ** 100 0.15, 3, Cover 101 ** *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=I, 102 ** p Composite, 103 ** Orientation=Global, 104 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=P, Controls=hg 105 Composite, 0.15, 3, Cover 106 Orientation=Global, 107 Controls=hg0.30, 3, flap ** J 108 ** ** 109 ** Q *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=J, 110 ** Composite, 111 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=Q, Orientation=Global, 112 Composite, Controls=hg 113 Orientation=Global, 0.15, 3, Cover 114 Controls=hg ** K 115 0.30, 3, flap 116 ** ** R ** *SOLID SECTION, ELSET=R, MATERIAL=SPANDEX 0.01767, ** ** s ** *SOLID SECTION, ELSET=S, MATERIAL=SPANDEX 0.01767, ** ** T ** *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=T, Composite, Orientation=Global, Controls=hg 0.15, 3, Cover 5.00, 3, Pad ** ** U ** *BEAM SECTION, ELSET=U, SECTION=CIRC, MATERIAL=Cover, POISSON=O. 0.1, 0. , 0. , 1. ** assy3.boundary 58 1434, 2,, 0. ** 59 1435, 2, , 0. ** Torso 60 1436, 2,, 0. ** 61 1437, 2,, 0. *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW 62 1438, 2,, 0. 9999, 1,6, 63 1439, 2,, 0. ** 64 1440, 2,, 0. ** Sym l CN 65 1441, 2,, 0. ** 66 1442, 2,, 0. *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW 67 1443, 2,, 0. 591, 2,, 0. 68 1444, 2,, 0. 592, 2,, 0. 69 1445, 2,, 0. 593, 2, , 0. 70 1446, 2,, 0. 594, 2,, 0. 71 1447, 2,, 0. 595, 2,, 0. 72 1448, 2,, 0. 596, 2,, 0. 73 1449, 2,, 0. 597, 2,, 0. 74 1450, 2,, 0. 598, 2,, 0. 75 1451, 2,, 0. 599, 2,, 0. 76 1452, 2, , 0. 600, 2,, 0. 77 1453, 2, , 0. 601, 0. 78 1454, 2, , 0. 602, 2,, 0. 79 1455, 2,, 0. 603, 2,, 0. 80 1456, 2, , 0. 734, 2,, 0. 81 1457, 2, , 0. 735, 2,, 0. 82 1458, 2, , 0. 736, 2, , 0. 83 1459, 2, , 0. 737, 2,, 0. 84 1460, 2,, 0. 738, 2,, 0. 85 1461, 2,, 0. 739, 2,, 0. 86 1462, 2,, 0. 1406, 2,, 0. 87 1463, 2, , 0. 1407, 0. 88 1464, 2, , 0. 1408, 2,, 0. 89 1465, 2,, 0. 1409, 2, , 0. 90 1466, 2,, 0. 1410, 2,, 0. 91 1467, 2,, 0. 1411, 2, , 0, 92 1468, 2, , 0. 1412, 2,, 0. 93 1469, 2, , 0. 1413, 2,, 0. 94 1470, 2,, 0. 1414, 2,, 0. 95 1471, 2,, 0. 1415, 2,, 0, 96 1472, 2,, 0. 1416, 2,, 0. 97 1473, 2,, 0. 1417, 2,, 0, 98 1474, 2,, 0. 1418, 2,, 0, 99 1475, 2,, 0. 1419, 2,, 0, 100 1476, 2,, 0. 1420, 2,, 0, 101 1477, 2,, 0. 1421, 2,, 0, 102 1478, 2,, 0. 1422, 2,, 0 103 1479, 2,, 0. 1423, 2,, 0, 104 1480, 2, , 0. 1424, 2,, 0, 105 1481, 2,, 0. 1425, 2,, 0 106 1482, 2,, 0. 1426, 2,, 0, 107 1483, 2,, 0. 1427, 2,, 0 108 1484, 2,, 0. 1428, 2,, 0 109 1485, 2,, 0. 1429, 2,, 0 110 1486, 2,, 0 1430, 2,, 0 111 1487, 2,, 0, 1431, 2,, 0 112 1488, 2,, 0, 1432, 2,, 0 113 1489, 2, , 0 1433, 2,, 0 114 1490, 2, , 0 1491, 2,, 0. 58 1426, 4,, 0. 1492, 2,, 0. 59 1427, 4,, 0. 1493, 2, , 0. 60 1428, 4,, 0. 1494, 2,, 0. 61 1429, 4,, 0. 1495, 2, , 0. 62 1430, 4,, 0. 1496, 2,, 0. 63 1431, 4,, 0. 1497, 2,, 0. 64 1432, 4,, 0. 1498, 2,, 0. 65 1433, 4,, 0. 1499, 2,, 0. 66 1434, 4,, 0. 2729, 2,, 0. 67 1435, 4,, 0. 2730, 2,, 0. 68 1436, 4,, 0. 2731, 2,, 0. 69 1437, 4,, 0. 2732, 2,, 0. 70 1438, 4,, 0. 2733, 2,, 0. 71 1439, 4,, 0. 2734, 2,, 0. 72 1440, 4,, 0. ** 73 1441, 4,, 0. *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW 74 1442, 4,, 0. 580, 4, , 0. 75 1443, 4,, 0. 591, 4,, 0. 76 1444, 4,, 0. 592, 4,, 0. 77 1445, 4,, 0. 593, 4,, 0. 78 1446, 4,, 0. 594, 4,, 0. 79 1447, 4,, 0. 595, 4,, 0. 80 1448, 4,, 0. 596, 4,, 0. 81 1449, 4,, 0. 597, 4,, 0. 82 1450, 4,, 0. 598, 4,, 0. 83 1451, 4,, 0. 599, 4,, 0. 84 1452, 4,, 0. 600, 4,, 0. 85 1453, 4,, 0. 601, 4,, 0. 86 1454, 4,, 0. 602, 4,, 0. 87 1455, 4,, 0. 603, 4,, 0. 88 1456, 4,, 0. 734, 4,, 0. 89 1457, 4,, 0. 735, 4,, 0. 90 1458, 4,, 0. 736, 4,, 0. 91 1459, 4,, 0. 737, 4,, 0. 92 1460, 4,, 0. 738, 4,, 0. 93 1461, 4,, 0. 739, 4,, 0. 94 1462, 4,, 0. 1406, 4,, 0, 95 1463, 4,, 0. 1407, 4,, 0, 96 1464, 4,, 0. 1408, 4,, 0 97 1465, 4,, 0. 1409, 4,, 0 98 1466, 4,, 0. 1410, 4,, 0 99 1467, 4,, 0. 1411, 4,, 0 100 1468, 4,, 0. 1412, 4,, 0 101 1469, 4,, 0. 1413, 4,, 0 102 1470, 4,, 0. 1414, 4,, 0 103 1471, 4,, 0. 1415, 4,, 0 104 1472, 4,, 0. 1416, 4,, 0 105 1473, 4,, 0. 1417, 4,, 0 106 1474, 4,, 0. 1418, 4,, 0 107 1475, 4,, 0. 1419, 4,, 0 108 1476, 4,, 0. 1420, 4,, 0 109 1477, 4,, 0. 1421, 4,, 0 110 1478, 4,, 0. 1422, 4,, 0 111 1479, 4,, 0. 1423, 4,, 0 112 1480, 4,, 0. 1424, 4,, 0 113 1481, 4,, 0. 1425, 4,, 0 114 1482, 4,, 0. 1483, 4,, 0. 58 588, 1, 0 1484, 4,, 0. 59 589, 1, 0 1485, 4,, 0. 60 590, 1, 0 1486, 4,, 0. 61 ** 1487, 4,, 0. 1488, 4, , 0. 1489, 4,, 0. 1490, 4,, 0. 1491, 4,, 0. 1492, 4,, 0. 1493, 4,, 0. 1494, 4,, 0. 1495, 4,, 0. 1496, 4,, 0. 1497, 4,, 0. 1498, 4,, 0. 1499, 4,, 0. 2729, 4,, 0. 2730, 4,, 0. 2731, 4,, 0. 2732, 4,, 0. 2733, 4,, 0. 2734, 4,, 0. ** ** HoldRear ** *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW 343, I,, 0. 365, 1,, 0. 368, 1, , 0.

583, Iw 0.

assy3.pressure ** ** Pressure added to balloon out the diaper slightly ** *DLOAD, Amp=pressure PRESSURE, P, -1 ** **Pressure applied to the velcro to ensure a secure fastening. ** *DsLOAD, Amp=velcro velcro, P, 1. **

END FILES 58 0.0, 0.114, 0.8, 0.0, Assy4. inp.Z 59 1.0, -0.1, 1.05,0.0 *HEADING 60 *Amplitude,name=Pull-RT- ** 61 Z,time=total time ** UNITS 62 0.0, 0.00, 0.6, 0.0, ** Length = mm 63 0.8,0.114, 1.0, ** Time = Sec 64 0.114, ** Mass = Tonne 65 1.05,0.0 ** 66 ** Force = N ** 67 *Amplitude,name=velcro, Stress = MPa ** 68 time=total time *Include, input=/u/u7/dbarnes 69 0.0,0.0, 0.8,0.0,1.0, - /proj ects/kcc/assy4/files/as 70 0.003759, 1.05,0.0 sy4 .geom 71 ** * Include, input=/u/u7/dbarnes 72 *Amplitude,name=pressure, /proj ects/kcc/assγ4/f iles/as 73 time=total time sy4 . sets 74 0.0,1.0e-5, l,1.0e-5, * Include, input=/u/u7/dbarnes 75 1.05,0.0 /proj ects/kcc/assyS/f iles/as 76 ** sy3 . materials 77 *Amplitude,name=temps, * Include, input=/u/u7/dbarnes 78 time=total time /projects/kcc/assγ3/f iles/as 79 0.0,0.0,0.1,-0.5,1.2,-0.5 sy3 . boundary 80 ** ** 81 *Temperature,amp=temps *Section Controls,Name=hg, 82 R, 1.0 Hourglass=enhanced, Second 83 S, 1.0 order Accuracy=yes 84 ** ** 85 *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FE-X *STEP 86 PuIl-FE,px, 1.0 *dynamic,Explicit ,1.2 87 *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FE-Z ** 88 PuIl-FE,pz, 1.0 89 ** *Variable mass scaling,type=below 90 *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FT-Y 91 PuIl-FT,py, 1.0 min,dt=3e-5,number interval=2 92 *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FT-Z ** 93 PuIl-FT,pz, 1.0 94 ** * Amplitude , name=Pull-FE- X, titne=total time 95 *DLOAD,amp=Pull-RT-Y 0.0,-0.033,0.4,-0.033, 96 PuIl-RT,py, 1.0 1.0,-0.033,1.05,0.0 97 *DLOAD,amp=Pull-RT-Z *Amplitude,name=Pull-FE- 98 PuIl-RT,pz, 1.0 99 ** Z,time=total time 100 * Include, input=/u/u7/dbarnes 0.0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.0, 101 /proj ects/kcc/assy4/f iles 1.0, 0.0, 1.05,0.0 102 /assy4 . surf aces ** 103 *Include, input=/u/u7/dbarnes *Amplitude,name=Pull-FT- 104 /proj ects/kcc/assy3/f iles/as Y,time=total time 105 sy3 . pressure 0.0, 0.10, 0.6, 0.0, 106 ** 1.0,-0.01,1.05,0.0 107 *SURFACE INTERACTION, *Amplitude,name=Pull-FT- 108 NAME=I4 Z,time=total time 109 *Surface Behavior,Pressure- 0.0, 0.05, 0.8,-0.0775, 110 Overclosure=Exponential 1.0,-0.0775,1.05,0.0 111 3.0,0.01 ** 112 *FRICTION *Amplitude,name=Pull-RT- 113 0.2 Y,time=total time 114 ** *SURFACE INTERACTION, NAME=I5 *Surface Behavior, Pressure- Overclosure=Exponential 3.0,0.01 *FRICTION 0.2 ** *SURFACE INTERACTION, NAME=IlO *FRICTION, ROUGH *SURFACE BEHAVIOR, NO SEPARATION ** ** *output,history,time interval=0.01 *Energy Output Allae,Allse,Alike ** *output, field,number interval=40 *Contact Output CStress ***Element output,variables=presele ct *Node output U, ** *END STEP DIAPER 3RD EMBODIMENT 57 2.77733,0.0250141, 2.78, 58 0.0233427 FILES 59 LeftLegForward.amp *Amplitude, Name=LeftLegForward 0.0,0.0, 0.1, +0.0, 1.2, +0.0, 1.6,0.0, 2., 0.0233427, 2.00092, 0.0233389, 2.00182, 0.0200001, 2.00272, 0.0183288 2.00361,0.0183249,2.00451 0.0166536, 2.00541, 0.0149823,2.00631,0.013311 2.0072, 0.0133071,2.0081, 0.0116358, 2.009, 0.00996446, 2.0099, 0.00829314 2.0108,0.00828929,2.0117 0.00661797, 2.01259, 0.00661413, 2.01349, 0.0049428 2.01439, 0.00327148, 2.01528, 0.00160016, 2.01618, 0.00159631, 2.01708, -7.50075e-05

2.75219,0.075146,2.75309 , 0.0734747, 2.75399, 0.0718034, 2.75489, 0.0684646 2.75578,0.0667932,2.75668 0.0651219, 2.75758, 0.0617831, 2.75848, 0.0601118 2.75938,0.0584405,2.76028 0.0584366, 2.76117, 0.0567653, 2.76207, 0.0534265 2.76297,0.0517552,2.76387 0.0484164, 2.76477, 0.0484126, 2.76566, 0.0450738 2.76656,0.0434024,2.76746 0.0417311, 2.76836, 0.0400598, 2.76925, 0.0383885 2.77015,0.0367171,2.77105 0.0350458, 2.77195, 0.0333745, 2.77285, 0.0333707 2.77374,0.0316993,2.77464 0.030028, 2.77554, 0.0283567, 2.77644, 0.0266854 LeftLegSide.amp *Amplitude,Name=LeftLegSide 0.0,0.0,0.10,-1.0, 1.2, - 1.0, 1.6,0.0, 2., 0.0386557, 2.0017, 0.0386459, 2.00262, 0.0386362, 2.00352, 0.0386265 2.00443,0.0386167,2.00534 0.0369262, 2.00624, 0.0369164, 2.00715, 0.0369067 2.00805,0.036897,2.00896 0.0352064, 2.00987, 0.0335159, 2.01077, 0.0335061 phase7.bcs ** ** TorsoFix ** *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW TORSOFIX, 1,, 0. TORSOFIX, 2,, 0. TORSOFIX, 3,, 0. TORSOFIX, 4,, 0. TORSOFIX, 5,, 0. TORSOFIX, 6,, 0. ** ** DiaperHoldRear ** *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW DIAPERHO, 1,, 0. ** ** TorsoLeftLeg ** *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW LegLeft, 1,4, 0.0 *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW, AMP=LeftLegForward LegLeft, 5,, -0.8 *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW, AMP=LeftLegSide LegLeft, 6,, -0.8 ** ** TorsoRightLeg ** *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW LegRight, 1,4, 0.0 *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW, AMP=RightLegForward LegRight, 5,, -0.8 *BOUNDARY, OP=NEW, AMP=RightLegSide LegRight, 6,, +0.8 ** phase7.geom 58 9997, -47.8721, *NODE 59 •67.0301, 8.51977E-6 ..1, -163. , 60 9998, -51.842, 60., l.E-5 61 •67.0301, 8.49471E-6 2, -225. , 62 9999, -55.8119, 140. l.E-5 63 ■67.0301, 8.46965E-6 3, -155., 64 10000, -59.7992, 140. l.E-5 65 -67.2884, 8.48441E-6 4, -220.882, 66 10001, -63.7517, 140. l.E-5 67 -66.6329, 8.35815E-6 5, -216.765, 68 10002, -67.7217, 140. l.E-5 69 -67.0301, 8.39448E-6 6, -212.647, 70 10003, -71.6916, 140. t l.E-5 71 -67.0301, 8.36942E-6 7, -208.529, 72 10004, -75.5781, 140. r l.E-5 73 ■67.4793, 8.41432E-6 8, -204.412, 74 10005, -79.5255, 140. l.E-5 75 -67.6547, 8.41651E-6 9, -200.294, 76 10006, -83.4518, 140. l.E-5 77 -67.5762, 8.37959E-6 10, -196.177, 78 10007, -87.6463, 140. l.E-5 79 -65.6917, 8.06189E-6 11, -192.059, 80 10008, -91.5527, 140. l.E-5 81 -66.527, 8.16632E-6 12, -187.941, 82 10009, -95.4631, 140. l.E-5 83 -66.6841, 8.16592E-6 13, -183.824, 84 10010, -99.4811, 140. l.E-5 85 -67.0301, 8.19402E-6 14, -179.706, 86 140. l.E-5 87 11790, 230.22, 15, -175.588, 88 -63.3577, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 89 11791, 226.196, 16, -171.471, 90 -63.1641, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 91 11792, 225.946, 17, -167.353, 92 -59.2163, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 93 11793, 225.97, 18, -163.235, 94 -55.4731, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 95 11794, 225.92, 19, -159.118, 96 -51.6959, l.E-5 140. l.E-5 97 11819, 238. , 20, -155., 98 -4., l.E-5 178. l.E-5 99 11820, 238. , 100 -8., l.E-5 9990, -20.0826, 101 -67..0301, 8.69517E-6 102 13230, -73.3985, 9991, -24.0525, 103 -113.588, 2.20544E-6 -67..0301, 8.67011E-6 104 13231, -86.4376, 9992, -28.0224, 105 -118.835, 1.36833E-6 -67..0301, 8.64505E-6 106 13232, -82.0912, 9993, -31.9924, 107 -117.086, 1.64737E-6 -67..0301, 8.62E-6 108 13233, -90.615, 9994, -35.9456, 109 -120.418, 1.11663E-6 -66, .4539, 8.506E-6 110 ** 9995, -39.9322, 111 ** -66, .71, 8.52042E-6 112 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, 9996, -43.9021, 113 ELSET=A -67, .0301, 8.54482E-6 1, 21, 56, 57 18050, 7885, 7874, 19, 3 58 7883, 7918 2, 22, 57, 59 56, 21 60 3, 23, 58, 61 18200, 8033, 8032, 57, 22 62 8047, 8048 4, 24, 59, 63 18201, 8042, 8039, 58, 23 64 8038, 8049 5, 25, 60, 65 18202, 8043, 8042, 59, 24 66 8049, 8050 6, 26, 61, 67 18203, 8036, 8035, 60, 25 68 8050, 8049 7, 27, 62, 69 18204, 8036, 8049, 61, 26 70 8038, 8037 8, 28, 63, 71 18205, 8034, 8033, 62, 27 72 8048, 8045 9, 29, 64, 73 18206, 8035, 8034, 63, 28 74 8045, 8044 10, 31, 64, 75 18207, 8035, 8044, 29, 20 76 8043, 8050 77 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=B 78 168, 203, 225, 160, 179, 194, 79 4, 2 193, 178 80 169, 204, 226, 161, 188, 195, 81 225, 203 1 170, 205, 227, 226, 204 1

1 250, 275, 276, 277, 274 1 251, 275, 265, 266, 276 1 18208, 8075, 7856, 7858, 8097 1 18209, 8076, 8075, 8097, 8098 1 18210, 8077, 8076, 8098, 8099 7

7 18290, 8147, 8146, 8149, 8148 7 18291, 8147, 8148, 8138, 8137 7 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=C 252, 224, 309, 7 289, 197 253, 223, 310, 7 309, 224 254, 222, 311, 7 310, 223 255, 221, 342, 7 311, 222 256, 220, 341, 7 342, 221 257, 219, 340, 58 308, 370, 382, 341, 220 59 381, 369 258, 218, 312, 60 309, 371, 383, 340, 219 61 382, 370 259, 217, 313, 62 310, 372, 384, 312, 218 63 383, 371 260, 216, 314, 64 313, 217 65 430, 481, 461, 66 462, 463 300, 335, 341, 67 431, 481, 478, 340, 334 68 479, 461 301, 336, 342, 69 18346, 8273, 8270, 341, 335 70 8272, 8285 302, 337, 311, 71 18347, 8274, 8273, 342, 336 72 8285, 8286 303, 339, 309, 73 18348, 8275, 8274, 310, 338 74 8286, 8287 304, 337, 338, 75 18349, 8276, 8275, 310, 311 76 8287, 8288 305, 313, 314, 77 18350, 8277, 8276, 333, 312 78 8288, 8289 8292, 8096, 8069, 79 8181, 8201 80 18470, 8386, 8368, 8293, 8095, 8096, 81 8367, 8366 8201, 8202 82 18471, 8386, 8366, 8294, 8094, 8095, 83 8384, 8383 8202, 8203 84 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=E 8295, 8093, 8094, 85 432, 483, 508, 8203, 8234 86 345, 343 8296, 8092, 8093, 87 433, 484, 509, 8234, 8233 88 508, 483 8297, 8091, 8092, 89 434, 485, 510, 8233, 8232 90 509, 484 18298, 8090, 8091, 91 435, 486, 511, 8232, 8204 92 510, 485 18299, 8089, 8090, 93 436, 487, 512, 8204, 8205 94 511, 486 18300, 8088, 8089, 95 437, 488, 513, 8205, 8206 96 512, 487 97 438, 490, 513, 18340, 8227, 8226, 98 488, 482 8232, 8233 99 439, 502, 514, 18341, 8228, 8227, 100 501, 489 8233, 8234 101 440, 503, 515, 18342, 8229, 8228, 102 514, 502 8234, 8203 103 18343, 8231, 8230, 104 519, 577, 570, 8202, 8201 105 571, 576 18344, 8229, 8203, 106 520, 578, 569, 8202, 8230 107 570, 577 18345, 8205, 8204, 108 521, 579, 568, 8225, 8206 109 569, 578 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=D 110 522, 579, 564, 306, 368, 380, 111 565, 568 367, 365 112 18472, 8402, 8248, 307, 369, 381, 113 8250, 8427 380, 368 1 18473, 8403, 8402, 57 2545, 2730, 2745, 2 8427, 8428 58 1529, 1406 3 18474, 8404, 8403, 59 2546, 2731, 2746, 4 8428, 8429 60 2745, 2730 5 18475, 8405, 8404, 61 2547, 2732, 2747, 6 8429, 8430 62 2746, 2731 7 18476, 8406, 8405, 63 2548, 2733, 2748, 8 8430, 8431 64 2747, 2732 9 18477, 8407, 8406, 65 2549, 2734, 2749, 0 8431, 8432 66 2748, 2733 1 18478, 8409, 8401, 67 2550, 2735, 2749, 2 8407, 8432 68 2734, 2729 3 18479, 8421, 8408, 69 4 8420, 8433 70 5 18480, 8422, 8421, 71 21500, 11871, 11870, 6 8433, 8434 72 11875, 11874 7 73 21501, 11871, 11874, 8 74 11873, 11872 9 18560, 8497, 8496, 75 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=P 0 8489, 8488 76 3603, 1508, 1500, 1 18561, 8498, 8497, 77 1506, 3853 2 8488, 8487 78 3604, 1509, 1508, 3 18562, 8498, 8487, 79 3853, 3854 4 8484, 8483 80 3605, 1510, 1509, 5 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=F 81 3854, 3855 6 523, 592, 614, 82 3606, 1511, 1510, 7 590, 580 83 3855, 3856 8 524, 593, 615, 84 3607, 1512, 1511, 9 614, 592 85 3856, 3857 30 525, 594, 616, 86 3608, 3679, 1507, 1 615, 593 87 1512, 3857 32 526, 595, 617, 88 3609, 808, 806, 33 616, 594 89 3765, 3858 34 527, 596, 618, 90 3610, 809, 808, 35 617, 595 91 3858, 3859 36 528, 597, 619, 92 37 618, 596 93 38 529, 598, 620, 94 22020, 12409, 12428, 39 619, 597 95 12429, 12408 40 530, 599, 621, 96 22021, 12410, 12427, 41 620, 598 97 12428, 12409 42 98 22022, 12411, 12426, 43 99 12427, 12410 44 21430, 11786, 11785, 100 22023, 12412, 12425, 45 11793, 11794 101 12426, 12411 46 21431, 11778, 11777, 102 22024, 12413, 12424, 47 11786, 11794 103 12425, 12412 48 21432, 11787, 11779, 104 22025, 12414, 12423, 49 11778, 11794 105 12424, 12413 50 21433, 11788, 11787, 106 22026, 12415, 12422, 51 11794, 11793 107 12423, 12414 52 21434, 11789, 11788, 108 22027, 12416, 12421, 53 11793, 11792 109 12422, 12415 54 21435, 11789, 11792, 110 22028, 12417, 12420, 55 11791, 11790 111 12421, 12416 56 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=O 112 22029, 12417, 12418, 113 12419, 12420 1 *ELEMENT, TYPE=S4R, ELSET=Q 58 *ELEMENT, TYPE=B31 ,ELSET=I 2 3515, 3765, 806, 59 4337, 2729, 2735 3 740, :3852 60 4338, 2735, 2736 4 3516, 3764, 3765, 61 4339, 2736, 2737 5 3852, 3851 62 4340, 2737, 2738 6 3517, 3763 , 3764, 63 7 3851, 3850 64 22580, 8521, 8520 8 3518, 3762, 3763, 65 22581, 8522, 8521 9 3850, 3849 66 22582, 8523, 8522 10 3519, 3761, 3762, 67 22583, 580, 8523 11 3849, 3848 68 *ELEMENT, TYPE=C3D4, 12 3520, 3760, 3761, 69 ELSET=MUSCLE 13 3848, 3847 70 4546, 5555, 5503, 14 71 4626, 4872 15 22110, 11986, 12599, 72 4547, 5555, 5754, 16 12600, 11987 73 4626, 5503 17 22111, 11985, 12598, 74 4548, 5503, 5164, 18 12599, 11986 75 4626, 4872 19 22112, 11984, 12597, 76 4549, 5754, 5164, 20 12598, 11985 77 4626, 5503 21 22113, 11983, 12596, 78 4550, 5503, 4875, 22 12597, 11984 79 5164, 4872 ?3 ?2114 11982, 12S95 80 24 12596, 11983 81 18020, 6504, 6517, 25 22115, 11981, 12594, 82 7421, 6516 26 12595, 11982 83 18021, 7473, 7476, 27 22116, 11980, 12593, 84 7472, 7093 28 12594, 11981 85 18022, 7124, 6517, 29 22117, 11980, 10544, 86 6505, 6480 30 12505, 12593 87 18023, 7324, 7509, 31 *ELEMENT, TYPE=T3D2/ 88 7334, 7331 32 ELSET=R 89 18024, 7208, 6931, 33 4189, 4348, 4349 90 7306, 6930 34 4190, 4349, 4350 91 *MPC

* * *MPC BEAM , 4564, 4569 BEAM , 4566, 4569 BEAM , 5449, 4569 BEAM , 5450, 4569 BEAM , 5451, 4569 BEAM , 5461, 4569 BEAM , 5462, 4569 BEAM , 5463, 4569 ** ** MPC__ID=2 ** *MPC BEAM , 4626, 4565 BEAM , 5446, 4565 BEAM , 5447, 4565 BEAM , 5448, 4565 ** ** MPC__ID=3 ** *MPC BEAM , 4568, 4567 BEAM , 5452, 4567 BEAM , 5453, 4567 BEAM , 5454, 4567 ** phase7.loads *Temperature,amp=temps R, 1.0 S, 1.0 ** *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FE-X Pull-FE,px,8.0e0 *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FE-Z PuIl-FE,pz, 8. OeO ** *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FT-Y PuIl-LFT,py,4. OeO *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FT-Z PuIl-LFT,pz,4.OeO *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FT-Y Pull-RFT,pγ, -4.OeO *DLOAD,amp=Pull-FT-Z PuIl-RFT,pz,4. OeO ** *DLOAD,amp=Pull-RT-Y Pull-LRT,py,4. OeO *DLOAD,amp=Pull-RT-Z PuIl-LRT,pz,4. OeO *DLOAD,amp=Pull-RT-Y PuIl-RRT,py, -4.OeO *DLOAD,amp=Pull-RT-Z PuIl-RRT,pz,4. OeO ** ** Pressure applied to the velcro to ensure a secure fastening. ** *DsLOAD , Aτnp=velcro LVelcro , P , 4 . OeO RVelcro, P, 4 . 0e0 * * phase7.materials 59 1.1E-9, ** 60 *Hyperelastic,Neo Hooke, ** Material Units 61 Test Data Input ** Density 62 *Uniaxial Test Data Tonne/mm**3 63 ** Flap and leg elastic ** Modulus MPa 64 ** Stress (MPa) ,Strain ** Stress MPa 65 0.028328533, 0.0035 ************************ 66 0.056657067,0.0065 ************************ 67 0.056657067,0.01 ************************ 68 ************* 69 ** 70 6.402312386,2.6085002 ** Absorbent Layer 71 6.430640919,2.61150025 ** 72 6.458969452,2.6150002 *MATERIAL, NAME=PAD 73 6.487297986,2.6185002 *Damping,Alpha=100 74 *************************** *************************** *DENSITY 75 ******************* 5.E-IO, 76 * *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 77 78 ** 1.0, 0.1 *************************** 79 ** Waist Tab Elastic *************************** 80 ** *************************** 81 *MATERIAL, NAME=WAIST * 82 *Damping,Alpha=l00 ** 83 *DENSITY ** Cover Layer 84 1.1E-9, ** 85 *Hyperelastic,Neo Hooke, *MATERIAL, NAME=COVER 86 Test Data Input *Damping,Alpha=100 87 *Uniaxial Test Data *DENSITY 88 **Diaper ears (fasteners) 9.32E-10, 89 ** Stress (MPa),Strain *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 90 0.003406294,0.000059 7.549, 0.3 91 0.003406294,0.000138 *************************** 92 0.003415502,0.000315 *************************** 93 *************************** 94 **** 95 1.756684191,3.025246 ** 96 1.766631494,3.0415845 ** Flap 97 1.778902896,3.0619295 ** 98 1.789222114,3.078268 *MATERIAL, NAME=FLAP 99 1.798797502,3.094616 *Damping,Alpha=100 100 1.809209646,3.110935 *DENSITY 101 1.819249769,3.1272835 1.23E-9, 102 1.831056436,3.147589 *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 103 *************************** 29.9, 0.3 104 *************************** *************************** 105 *************************** *************************** 106 * ******************* 107 ** * 108 ** Velcro ** 109 ** ** Spandex 110 ** ** 111 *MATERIAL, NAME=VELCRO *MATERIAL, NAME=SPANDEX 112 *Damping,Alpha=l00 *Damping,Alpha=100 113 *DENSITY *Expansion 114 1.23E-9, 1.0 115 *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO *DENSITY 116 29.9, 0.3 _ ** ** Steel-MPa ** Date: 06-Apr-99 Time: 22:45:54 ** *MATERIAL, NAME=STEEL ** *DENSITY 7.8E-9, ** *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 2.07E+5, 0.292 ** ** muscle ** Date: 31-Oct-Ol Time: 10:01:38 ** *MATERIAL, NAME=MUSCLE ** *Damping, Alpha=1000 ** *DENSITY l.E-9, ** *ELASTIC, TYPE=ISO 0.5, 0.3 ** **** 1 phase7.sections 59 0.30, 3, Flap 2 ************************ 50 ** 3 ************************ 61 ** F 4 ************************ 62 ** 5 ************* 63 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=F, 6 ** 64 Composite, 7 *Orientation, Name=Global 65 Orientation=Global, 8 1,0, 0, 0,1,0 66 Controls=hg 9 3,0 67 0.15, 3, Cover 10 ** 68 ** ]_1 *************************** 69 ** G ]_2 *************************** 70 ** 2_3 *************************** 71 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=G, 2_4 **** 72 Composite, 15 *Section Controls, Name=hg, 73 Orientation=Global, 16 Hourglass=enhanced, Second 74 Controls=hg 17 order Accuracy=yes 75 0.15, 3, Cover 18 *************************** 76 ** 29 *************************** 77 ** H 20 *************************** 78 ** 21 **** 79 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=H, 22 ** 80 Composite, 23 ** A 81 Orientation=Global, 24 ** 82 Controls=hg 25 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=A, 83 0.15, 3, Cover 26 MATERIAL=VELCRO,Controls=hg 84 0.30, 3, Flap 27 1.6, 5 85 ** 28 ** 86 ** J 29 ** B 87 ** 30 ** 88 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=I, 31 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=B, 89 Composite, 32 MATERIAL=WAIST, Controls=hg 90 Orientation=Global, 33 0.6, 5 91 Controls=hg 34 ** 92 0.15, 3, Cover 35 ** C 93 ** 36 ** 94 ** j 37 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=C, 95 ** 38 Composite, 96 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=J, 39 Orientation=Global, 97 Composite, 40 Controls=hg 98 Orientation=Global, 41 0.15, 3, Cover 99 Controls=hg 42 0.60, 3, Waist 100 0.15, 3, Cover 43 ** 101 ** 44 ** D 102 ** K 45 ** 103 ** 46 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=D, 104 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=K, 47 Composite, 105 Composite, 48 Orientation=Global, 106 Orientation=Global, 49 Controls=hg 107 Controls=hg 50 0.15, 3, Cover 108 0.15, 3, Cover 51 ** 109 5.00, 3, Pad 52 ** E 110 ** 111 ** L 53 ** 112 ** 54 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=E, 113 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=L, 55 Composite, 114 Composite, 56 Orientation=Global, 115 Orientation=Global, 57 Controls=hg 116 Controls=hg 58 0.15, 3, Cover 0.15, 3, Cover 59 ** 5.00, 3, Pad 60 *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=T, 0.30, 3, flap 61 Composite, ** 62 Orientation=Global, ** M 63 Controls=hg ** 64 0.15, 3, Cover *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=M, 65 5.00, 3, Pad Composite, 66 ** Orientation=Global, 67 ** U Controls=hg 68 ** 0.15, 3, Cover 69 *BEAM SECTION, ELSET=U, ** 70 SECTION=CIRC, ** N 71 MATERIAL=Cover,POISSON=O ** 72 1.0, *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=N, 73 0-, o., Composite, 74 1. Orientation=Global, 75 ** Controls=hg 76 *BEAM SECTION,ELSET=bones, 0.15, 3, Cover 7777 SECTION=CIRC, 0.30, 3, flap 7788 MATERIAL=cover, POISSON=O ** 7799 100, ** o 8800 o., 0., ** 8811 1. *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=O, 8822 ** Composite, 8833 ** Orientation=Global, 8844 ** muscle Controls=hg 8855 ** 0.15, 3, Cover 8866 *SOLID SECTION, ** 8877 ELSET=MUSCLE, ** p 8888 MATERIAL=MUSCLE ** 8899 I-, *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=P, 9a0n ** Composite, 91 Orientation=Globa-l, Controls=hg 0.30, 3, flap ** ** Q ** *SHELL SECTION, ELSET=Q, Composite, Orientation=Global, Controls=hg 0.30, 3, flap ** ** R ** *SOLID SECTION, ELSET=R, MATERIAL=SPANDEX 0.01767, ** ** s ** *SOLID SECTION, ELSET=S, MATERIAL=SPANDEX 0.01767, ** ** Φ phase7.sets 58 ** ** 59 *ELSET, ELSET=PULL-LFT, ** torso 60 GENERATE ** 61 4368, 4394, 1 *NSET,NSET=TORSO,GENERATE 62 ** 4564, 4564, 1 63 ** PuIl-RFT 4566, 4566, 1 64 ** 4568, 7855, 1 65 *ELSET, ELSET=PULL-RFT, ** 66 GENERATE ** r 67 22408, 22434, 1 ** 68 ** *NSET, NSET=R, GENERATE 69 ** PuIl-LRT 4348, 4563, 1 70 ** 12680, 12895, 1 71 *ELSET, ELSET=PULL-LRT, ** 72 GENERATE ** S 73 4478, 4494, ** 74 ** *NSET, NSET=S, GENERATE 75 ** PuIl-RRT 4288, 4347, 1 76 ** 12896, 12955, 1 77 *ELSET, ELSET=PULL-RRT, ** 78 GENERATE *NSET, NSET=DIAPERHO, 79 22518, 22534, 1 GENERATE 80 ** 343, 343, 1 81 ** Leg-Right 365, 365, 1 82 ** 368, 379, 1 83 ***NSET, NSET=LEG-RIGH 482, 488, 1 84 ** 4568, 5452, 580, 590, 1 85 5453, 5454 8248, 8248, 1 86 ** 8270, 8270, 1 87 ** Leg-Left 8273, 8284, 1 88 8401, 8407, 1 89 ***NSET, NSET=LEG-LEFT 8514, 8523, 1 90 ** 4626, 5446, 13074, 13075, 1 91 5447, 5448 13078, 13096, 1 92 13098, 13107, 1 *NSET, NSET=TORSOFIX 4569, *NSET, NSET=LEGLEFT 4565, *NSET, NSET=LEGRIGHT 4567, ** ** PuIl-FE ** *ELSET, ELSET=PULL-FE, GENERATE 4337, 4367, 1 22377, 22407, 1 ** ** torso ** *ELSET, ELSET=TORSO, GENERATE 4546, 18024, 1 ** ** PuIl-LFT 1 phase7.surfaces 58 0.35, 2 ** 59 ** 3 ** TorsoDiaper 60 ** TorsoFlapLeft 4 ** 61 ** 5 *SURFACE DEFINITION, 62 *SURFACE DEFINITION, 6 NAME=cover 63 NAME=LFlap 7 100 -, SPOS 64 3515, SPOS 8 2, SPOS 65 3516, SPOS 9 3, SPOS 66 3517, SPOS 10 4, SPOS 67 3518, SPOS 11 5, SPOS 68 3519, SPOS 12 6, SPOS 69 3520, SPOS 13 7 SPOS 70 14 SPOS 71 .... * 15 9, SPOS 72 160, SPOS 16 10, SPOS 73 161, SPOS 17 74 162, SPOS 18 75 163, SPOS 19 22370, SPOS 76 164, SPOS 20 22371, SPOS 77 165, SPOS 21 22372, SPOS 78 166, SPOS 22 22373, SPOS 79 167, SPOS 23 22374, SPOS 80 *SURFACE DEFINITION, 24 22375, SPOS 81 NAME=CoverVelcro 25 22376, SPOS 82 774, Sneg 26 *SURFACE DEFINITION, 83 775, Sneg 27 NAME=torso 84 776, Sneg 111, Sneg 778, Sneg 779, Sneg 931, Sneg 932, Sneg 933, Sneg 934, Sneg 935, Sneg 936, Sneg 937, Sneg 938, Sneg 939, Sneg 940, Sneg

22370, Sneg 22371, Sneg 22372, Sneg 22373, Sneg 22374, Sneg 22375, Sneg 22376, Sneg ** *CONTACT PAIR, INTERACTION=I36,Mechanical Constraint=Penalty CoverVelcro, LVelcro *SURFACE INTERACTION, 56 NAME=I33 114 NAME=I36 57 *FRICTIOISr 115 *FRICTION, ROUGH *SURFACE BEHAVIOR, NO 58 4328, 4329, 4330, SEPARATION 59 4331, 4332, 4333, ** 60 4334, 4335, ** VelcroRight 61 4336, 4337, 4338, ** 62 4339, 4340, 4341, *SURFACE DEFINITION, 63 4342, 4343, NAME=RVeIcro 64 4344, 4345, 4346, 18041, SPOS 65 4347 18042, SPOS 66 ** 18043, SPOS 67 *CONTACT PAIR, 18044, SPOS 68 INTERACTION=I38,ADJUST=I 18045, SPOS 69 TIED 18046, SPOS 70 S38, LFlap 18047, SPOS 71 *SURFACE INTERACTION, 18048, SPOS 72 NAME=I38 18049, SPOS 73 ** 18050, SPOS 74 ** FlapRight 75 ** 76 *CONTACT NODE SET, NAME=S39 18200, SPOS 77 12896, 12897, 12898, 18201, SPOS 78 12899, 12900, 12901, 18202, SPOS 79 12902, 12903, 18203, SPOS 80 12904, 12905, 12906, 18204, SPOS 81 12907, 12908, 12909, 18205, SPOS 82 12910, 12911, 18206, SPOS 83 12912, 12913, 12914, 18207, SPOS 84 12915, 12916, 12917, ** 85 12918, 12919, *CONTACT PAIR, 86 12920, 12921, 12922, INTERACTION=I37,Mechanical 87 12923, 12924, 12925, Constraint=Penalty 88 12926, 12927, CoverVelcro, 89 12928, 12929, 12930, RVelcro 90 12931, 12932, 12933, *SURFACE INTERACTION, 91 12934, 12935, NAME=I37 92 12936, 12937, 12938, *FRICTION, ROUGH 93 12939, 12940, 12941, *SURFACE BEHAVIOR, NO 94 12942, 12943, SEPARATION 95 12944, 12945, 12946, * * 96 12947, 12948, 12949, * * FlapLeft 97 12950, 12951, * * 98 12952, 12953, 12954, * CONTACT NODE SET , NAME=S38 99 12955 4288, 4289, 4290, 100 ** 4291, 4292, 4293, 101 *CONTACT PAIR, 4294, 4295, 102 INTERACTION=I39,ADJUST=I 4296, 4297, 4298, 103 TIED 4299, 4300, 4301, 104 S39, RFlap 4302, 4303, 105 *SURFACE INTERACTION, 4304, 4305, 4306, 106 NAME=I39 4307, 4308, 4309, 107 ** 4310, 4311, 108 ** LegElasticLeft 4312, 4313, 4314, 109 ** 4315, 4316, 4317, 110 *SURFACE DEFINITION, 4318, 4319, 111 NAME=M40 4320, 4321, 4322, 112 774, SPOS 4323, 4324, 4325, 113 775, SPOS 4326, 4327, 114 776, SPOS 111, SPOS 58 4468, 4469, 4470, 778, SPOS 59 4471, 4472, 4473, 779, SPOS 60 4474, 4475, 780, SPOS 61 4476, 4477, 4478, 62 4479, 4480, 4481, 63 4482, 4483, 3510, SPOS 64 4484, 4485, 4486, 3511, SPOS 65 4487, 4488, 4489, 3512, SPOS 66 4490, 4491, 3513, SPOS 67 4492, 4493, 4494, 3514, SPOS 68 4495, 4496, 4497, *CONTACT NODE SET,NAME=S40 69 4498, 4499, 4348, 4349, 4350, 70 4500, 4501, 4502, 4351, 4352, 4353, 71 4503, 4504, 4505, 4354, 4355, 72 4506, 4507, 4356, 4357, 4358, 73 4508, 4509, 4510, 4359, 4360, 4361, 74 4511, 4512, 4513, 4362, 4363, 75 4514, 4515, 4364, 4365, 4366, 76 4516, 4517, 4518, 4367, 4368, 4369, 77 4519, 4520, 4521, 4370, 4371, 78 4522, 4523, 4372, 4373, 4374, 79 4524, 4525, 4526, 4375, 4376, 4377, 80 4527, 4528, 4529, 4378, 4379, 81 4530, 4531, 4380, 4381, 4382, 82 4532, 4533, 4534, 4383, 4384, 4385, 83 4535, 4536, 4537, 4386, 4387, 84 4538, 4539, 4388, 4389, 4390, 85 4540, 4541, 4542, 4391, 4392, 4393, 86 4543, 4544, 4545, 4394, 4395, 87 4546, 4547, 4396, 4397, 4398, 88 4548, 4549, 4550, 4399, 4400, 4401, 89 4551, 4552, 4553, 4402, 4403, 90 4554, 4555, 4404, 4405, 4406, 91 4556, 4557, 4558, 4407, 4408, 4409, 92 4559, 4560, 4561, 4410, 4411, 93 4562, 4563 4412, 4413, 4414, 94 ** 4415, 4416, 4417, 95 *CONTACT PAIR, 4418, 4419, 96 INTERACTION=I40,ADJUST=I 4420, 4421, 4422, 97 TIED 4423, 4424, 4425, 98 S40, M40 4426, 4427, 99 *SURFACE INTERACTION, 4428, 4429, 4430, 100 NAME=I40 4431, 4432, 4433, 101 ** 4434, 4435, 102 ** LegElasticRight 4436, 4437, 4438, 103 ** 4439, 4440, 4441, 104 *SURFACE DEFINITION, 4442, 4443, 105 NAME=M41 4444, 4445, 4446, 106 18814, SPOS 4447, 4448, 4449, 107 18815, SPOS 4450, 4451, 108 18816, SPOS 4452, 4453, 4454, 109 18817, SPOS 4455, 4456, 4457, 110 18818, SPOS 4458, 4459, 111 18819, SPOS 4460, 4461, 4462, 112 18820, SPOS 4463, 4464, 4465, 113 4466, 4467, 114 3510, SPOS 3511, SPOS 57 4484, 4485, 4486, 3512, SPOS 58 4487, 4488, 4489, 3513, SPOS 59 4490, 4491, 3514, SPOS 60 4492, 4493, 4494, *CONTACT NODE SET, NAME=S40 61 4495, 4496, 4497, 4348, 4349, 4350, 62 4498, 4499, 4351, 4352, 4353, 63 4500, 4501, 4502, 4354, 4355, 64 4503, 4504, 4505, 4356, 4357, 4358, 65 4506, 4507, 4359, 4360, 4361, 66 4508, 4509, 4510, 4362, 4363, 67 4511, 4512, 4513, 4364, 4365, 4366, 68 4514, 4515, 4367, 4368, 4369, 69 4516, 4517, 4518, 4370, 4371, 70 4519, 4520, 4521, 4372, 4373, 4374, 71 4522, 4523, 4375, 4376, 4377, 72 4524, 4525, 4526, 4378, 4379, 73 4527, 4528, 4529, 4380, 4381, 4382, 74 4530, 4531, 4383, 4384, 4385, 75 4532, 4533, 4534, 4386, 4387, 76 4535, 4536, 4537, 4388, 4389, 4390, 77 4538, 4539, 4391, 4392, 4393, 78 4540, 4541, 4542, 4394, 4395, 79 4543, 4544, 4545, 4396, 4397, 4398, 80 4546, 4547, 4399, 4400, 4401, 81 4548, 4549, 4550, 4402, 4403, 82 4551, 4552, 4553, 4404, 4405, 4406, 83 4554, 4555, 4407, 4408, 4409, 84 4556, 4557, 4558, 4410, 4411, 85 4559, 4560, 4561, 4412, 4413, 4414, 86 4562, 4563 4415, 4416, 4417, 87 ** 4418, 4419, 88 *CONTACT PAIR, 4420, 4421, 4422, 89 INTERACTION=I40,ADJUST=I 4423, 4424, 4425, 90 TIED 4426, 4427, 91 S40, M40 4428, 4429, 4430, 92 *SURFACE INTERACTION, 4431, 4432, 4433, 93 NAME=I40 4434, 4435, 94 ** 4436, 4437, 4438, 95 ** LegElasticRight 4439, 4440, 4441, 96 ** 4442, 4443, 97 *SURFACE DEFINITION, 4444, 4445, 4446, 98 NAME=M41 4447, 4448, 4449, 99 18814, SPOS 4450, 4451, 100 18815, SPOS 4452, 4453, 4454, 101 18816, SPOS 4455, 4456, 4457, 102 18817, SPOS 4458, 4459, 103 18818, SPOS 4460, 4461, 4462, 104 18819, SPOS 4463, 4464, 4465, 105 18820, SPOS 4466, 4467, 106 4468, 4469, 4470, 107 4471, 4472, 4473, 108 20140, SPOS 4474, 4475, 109 20141, SPOS 4476, 4477, 4478, 110 *CONTACT NODE SET, NAME=S41 4479, 4480, 4481, 111 12680, 12681, 12682, 4482, 4483, 112 12683, 12684, 12685, 113 12686, 12687, 12688 12689, 12690, 58 12840, 12841, 12842, 12691, 12692, 12693, 59 12843, 12844, 12845, 12694, 12695, 60 12846, 12847, 12696, 12697, 12698, 61 12848, 12849, 12850, 12699, 12700, 12701, 62 12851, 12852, 12853, 12702, 12703, 63 12854, 12855, 12704 12705, 12706, 64 12856, 12857, 12858, 12707, 12708, 12709, 65 12859, 12860, 12861, 12710, 12711, 66 12862, 12863, 12712, 12713, 12714, 67 12864, 12865, 12866, 12715, 12716, 12717, 68 12867, 12868, 12869, 12718, 12719, 69 12870, 12871, 12720, 12721, 12722, 70 12872, 12873, 12874, 12723, 12724, 12725, 71 12875, 12876, 12877, 12726, 12727, 72 12878, 12879, 12728, 12729, 12730, 73 12880, 12881, 12882, 12731, 12732, 12733, 74 12883, 12884, 12885, 12734, 12735, 75 12886, 12887, 12736, 12737, 12738, 76 12888, 12889, 12890, 12739, 12740, 12741, 77 12891, 12892, 12893, 12742, 12743, 78 12894, 12895 12744, 12745, 12746, 79 ** 12747, 12748, 12749, 80 *CONTACT PAIR, 12750, 12751, 81 INTERACTION=I41,ADJUST=I 12752, 12753, 12754, 82 TIED 12755, 12756, 12757, 83 S41, M41 12758, 12759, 84 *SURFACE INTERACTION, 12760, 12761, 12762, 85 NAME=I41 12763, 12764, 12765, 86 ** 12766, 12767, 87 12768, 12769, 12770, 12771, 12772, 12773, 12774, 12775, 12776, 12777, 12778, 12779, 12780, 12781, 12782, 12783, 12784, 12785, 12786, 12787, 12788, 12789, 12790, 12791, 12792, 12793, 12794, 12795, 12796, 12797, 12798, 12799, 12800 12801, 12802, 12803, 12804, 12805, 12806, 12807, 12808 12809, 12810, 12811, 12812, 12813, 12814, 12815, 12816, 12817, 12818, 12819, 12820, 12821, 12822, 12823, 12824 12825, 12826, 12827, 12828, 12829, 12830, 12831, 12832 12833, 12834, 12835, 12836, 12837, 12838, 12839, RightLegForward.amp *Amplitude, Name=RightLegForward 0.0,0.0, 0.1,+0.0, 1.2, +0.0, 1.6,0.0, 2., 0.738695, 2.00092, 0.737024, 2.00182,0.735353, 2.00272, 0.733681 2.00361,0.73201,2.00451, 0.730339,2.00541,0.72866 7, 2.00631, 0.726996 2.0072,0.725325, 2.0081, 0.725321,2.009,0.725317, 2.0099, 0.723646 2.0108,0.721974, 2.0117, 0.720303,2.01259,0.718632 2.01349, 0.715293 2.01439,0.715289,2.01528 0.71195,2.01618,0.711946 2.01708, 0.710275 2.01798,0.706936,2.01888 0.706933,2.01977,0.70359 4, 2.02067, 0.701922 RightLegSide.amp *Amplitude, Name=RightLegSide 0.0,0.0, 0.10,-1.0,1.2,- 1.0, 1.6,0.0, 2., 0.0210023, 2.0017, 0.0226734, 2.00262, 0.0260252, 2.00352, 0.0260155 2.00443,0.0276866,2.00534 0.0293577, 2.00624, 0.0293479,2.00715,0.031019 2.00805,0.0310093,2.00896 0.0309995, 2.00987, 0.0326706, 2.01077, 0.0326608 2.01167,0.0326511,2.01258 0.0343222, 2.01349, 0.0343124,2.0144,0.0359835 2.01531,0.0376546,2.01621 0.0376448, 2.01712, 0.0393159, 2.01802, 0.0393062 2.01893,0.0392964,2.01984 0.0409675, 2.02074, 0.0409578, 2.02165, 0.0426288 2.02255,0.0426191,2.02346 0.0442902, 2.02437, 0.0459613, 2.02528, 0.0476323 2.02618,0.0476226,2.02709 0.0492937,2.028,0.0509647 2.0289, 0.050955 2.02981,0.0526261,2.03072 0.0542971, 2.03163, 0..0542874, 2.03254, 0..0559585

END PILES phase7 . inp 57 *Variable Mass 58 Scaling,Type=Below *HEADING 59 Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number * PREPRINT, MODEL=YES , HI ST 60 Interval=120, Elset=f ORY=YES * * 61 *Variable Mass 62 Scaling,Type=Below * * UNITS 63 Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number * * Length = mm 64 Interval=120, Elset=g * * Time = Sec 65' *Variable Mass * * Mass = Tonne 66 Scaling,Type=Below * * Force = N 67 Min,dt=l.0e-4, Number * * Stress = MPa 68 Interval=120, Elset=h ** 69 *Variable Mass * Include , input =f iles/pha 70 Scaling,Type=Below se7.geom 71 Min,dt=l. Oe-4, Number *Include, input=files/pha 72 Interval=120, Elset=i se7.sets *Include, input=files/pha 73 *Variable Mass 74 Scaling,Type=Below se7.sections *Include, input=files/pha 75 Min,dt=l . Oe-4, Number 76 Interval=120, Elset=j se7.materials *NMAP, Type=Rectangular, 77 *Variable Mass 78 Scaling,Type=Below NSET=Torso 79 Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number -12.0, 0.0, 0.0 80 Interval=120, Elset=k. 81 *Variable Mass ** 82 Scaling,Tγpe=Below *STEP 83 Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number *dynamic,Explicit 84 Interval=120, Elset=l ,3.0 85 *Variable Mass ** 86 Scaling,Type=Below *Include, input=files/pha 87 Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number se7.surfaces *Include, input=files/pha 88 Interval=120, Elset=m 89 *Variable Mass se7.loads 90 Scaling,Type=Below *Include, input=files/pha 91 Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number se7.bcs 92 Interval=120, Elset=n ** 93 *Variable Mass *Variable Mass Scaling,Type=Below 94 Scaling,Type=Below 95 Min,dt=l .Oe-4, Number Min,dt=l. Oe-4, Number 96 Interval=120, Elset=o Interval=120, Elset=a 97 *Variable Mass *Variable Mass 98 Scaling,Type=Below Scaling,Type=Below 99 Min,dt=l. Oe-4, Number Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number 100 Interval=120, Elset=p Interval=120, Elset=b 101 *Variable Mass *Variable Mass Scaling,Type=Below 102 Scaling,Type=Below 103 Min,dt=l. Oe-4, Number Min,dt=l.0e-4, Number 104 Interval=120, Elset=q Interval=120, Elset=c 105 *Variable Mass *Variable Mass 106 Sealing,Type=Below Scaling,Type=Below 107 Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number 108 Interval=120, Elset=R Interval=120, Elset=d 109 *Variable Mass *Variable Mass 110 Scaling,Tγpe=Below Scaling,Type=Below 111 Min,dt=l. Oe-4, Number Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number 112 Interval=120, Elset=s Interval=120, Elset=e *Variable Mass 58 ** Scaling, Type=Below 59 *Amplitude,name=Pull-FT-Y Min, dt=1 . 0e-4 , Number 60 0.0, 0.10, 0.6, 0.0, Interval=120, Elset=t 61 1.0,-0.01, *Variable Mass 62 1.05,0.0 Scaling,Type=Below 63 *Amplitude,name=Pull-FT-Z Min,dt=l. Oe-4, Number 64 0.0, 0.05, 0.8,- Interval=120, Elset=u 65 0.0775, 1.0,-0.0775, *Variable Mass 66 1.05,-0.0775, Scaling,Type=Below 67 1.2,0.0 Min,dt=1.0e-4, Number 68 ** Interval=120, 69 *Amplitude,name=Pull-RT-Y Elset=Bones 70 0.0, 0.114, 0.8, *Variable Mass 71 0.05, 1.0,-0.1, Scaling,Type=Below 72 1.05,0.0 Min,dt=3.0e-5, Number 73 *Amplitude,name=Pull-RT-Z Interval=120, 74 0.0, 0.00, 0.4, Elset=Muscle 75 0.114, 0.8,0.114, ** 76 1.0, 0.114, 77 1.05,0.114, 1.2,0.0 78 79 80 81 **Control torso Movement 82 83 ** Fasten Velcro Tab 84 85 86 87 *Include,input=files/Rig 88 htLegForward.amp 89 *Amplitude,name=velcro *Include,input=files/Rig 90 0.0,0.0, 0.8,0.0, htLegSide.amp 91 1.0,-0.008, *Include, input=files/Lef 92 1.05,-0.004, tLegForward.amp 93 1.2,0.0 *Include, input=files/Lef 94 ** tLegSide.amp 95 96 97 98 99 100 ** Shrink Elastic *Control Diaper Movement 101 102 103 104 105 106 *Amplitude,name=temps *Amplitude,name=Pull-FE-X 107 0.0,0.0,0.1,-0.5,3.0,-0.5 0.0,-0.033, 0.4,- 108 ** 0.033,1.0,-0.05,1.05,0.0 109 ***output,history,time *Amplitude,name=Pull-FE-Z 110 interval=0.01 0.0, 0.01, 0.2, 0.0, Hl ***Energy Output 1.0, 0.0, 1.05,0.0 112 **Allae,alike,allse **0.0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.0, 113 ** 1.0, 0.0, 1.05, 0.0 *output, field,number interval=120 *Contact Output Cstress, ***Element output,variables= preselect *Node output U, ** *END STEP

END APPENDIX 2 FEMPAD EXAMPLE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

femPadExample. inp 84

s75-torso-stand-open.inp 91

torso-spread-09.inp 96

panty-partial-membrane-conformal-spread-coarse.inp 97

panty-partial-membrane-conformal-spread-coarse-push. inp 100

deformed-product-mod2.inp 101

End 104

NOTE: Several periods in a row on one line (e.g., ) indicates additonal similar lines of code which have been deleted. femPadExample.inp *HEADING S75 Torso Model ** *** # this input file is read by ABAQUS, it includes (imports the contents of) other files *** # that contain detailed finite element model definition. By storing detailed model *** # definition information in other files, the main file (this one) is more abbreviated *** # and potentially easier to read by humans. Storing detailed sub-model definitions in *** # separate files helps to make the model more modular in design, allowing reuse of some *** # sub-model modules in other models. ** *restart,write,overlay ** *** # import the wearer element definitions: *include, input=s75-torso-stand-open.elem ** *** # import the wearer node definitions: *include, input=torso-spread-09.node ** ***#import the panty finite element definitions (nodes & elements) : *include, input=panty-partial-membrane-conformal-spread- coarse. inp ** *** # import the rigid pad pusher finite element definitions (nodes S- elements) : *include, input=pad-pusher.inp ** *** # import the product finite element definitions (nodes & elements) : *include, input=deformed-product-mod2.inp ** *** # nmap command transforms the coordinate system of the nodes specified *** # to properly locate the sub-model within the global reference frame ** *nmap,nset=product, type=rectangular 0. ,0. , -27.

** *nmap,nset=panty-part,type=rectangular 0. ,0. , -20.

** *nmap,nset=pad-pusher,type=rectangular 0. , 0. , -20. ]_ ** 2 *** # element sets (elsets) are defined to make model 3 manipulation more efficient 4 *elset,elset=body 5 skin, foam 6 ** 7 *elset,elset=product 8 shaping, distribution 9 ** 10 *elset,elset=panty 11 panty-part 12 ** 13 *elset,elset=scalable 14 product,panty,body,pad-pusher 15 ** ]_g ********* 17 ** 18 *SOLID SECTION, ELSET=FOAM, MATERIAL=FOAM 19 ** 20 *MEMBRANE SECTION, ELSET=SKIN , MATERIAL=SKIN 21 1.00000E-4, 22 ** 23 *SOLID SECTION,ELSET=LYCRA,MATERIAL=LYCRA 24 1.0 25 ** 26 *membrane SECTION,ELSET=panty,MATERIAL=PANTY 27 .1, 28 ** 29 *membrane SECTION,ELSET=pad-pusher,MATERIAL=PANTY 30 .1, 31 ** 32 *S0LID SECTION,ELSET=shaping,MATERIAL=SHAPING 33 ** 34 *SOLID SECTION,ELSET=distribution,MATERIAL=distrib 35 ** 3g ********* 37 *** # Material Property Definitions 38 ********* 39 ** 40 *material,name=foam 41 *hyperelastic 42 ** data from KCC E=6 so C10=E/6 COl=O Neo-Hookian 43 ** K0=2/Dl and G0=2 (ClO+COl) yield K/G=l (Dl* (ClO+COl) ) 44 ** then D=I/ ( (K/G) * (ClO+COl) ) 45 ** using explicit default of K/G=20 or v=.475 then D=.05 46 ** assume K/G=100 or v=.495 then D=.01 47 1.0, 0.0, 0.05 48 *DENSITY 49 1.000E-09, 50 ** 51 *material,name=skin 52 *hyperelastic 53 1.0, 0.0, 0.05 54 *DENSITY 55 1.000E-09, 56 ** 57 *MATERIAL,NAME=lycra *elastic 100., .3 *DENSITY 0.100E-09, ** *MATERIAL,NAME=PANTY *hyperelastic 1.0, 0.0, 0.05 *DENSITY 0.100E-09, ** *MATERIAL,NAME=TRANSFER *ELASTIC,TYPE=ISOTROPIC 5.87, .1 *DENSITY 0.080E-09, *EXPANSION,TYPE=ISO,ZERO=21.85 1.170E-05, *PLASTIC 2.480E+05, ** *MATERIAL,NAME=BAFFLE *ELASTIC,TYPE=ISOTROPIC 73.6, .3 *DENSITY 0.90E-09, *EXPANSION,TYPE=ISO,ZERO=21.85 1.170E-05, *PLASTIC 0.76, 0.0 1.24, 0.0041 2.54, 0.017 3.46, 0.041 3.94, 0.069 4.31, 0.11 5.10, 0.22 ** *MATERIAL,NAME=COVER *ELASTIC,TYPE=ISOTROPIC 4.84, .1 *DENSITY 0.080E-09, *EXPANSION,TYPE=ISO,ZERO=21.85 1.170E-05, *PLASTIC 2.480E+05, ** *MATERIAL,NAME=DISTRIB *ELASTIC,TYPE=ISOTROPIC 16.8, .1 *DENSITY 0.140E-09, *EXPANSION,TYPE=ISO,ZERO=21.85 1.170E-05, *PLASTIC 0.24, 0.0 0.31, 0.0073 0.62, 0.014 0.78, 0.041 ** *MATERIAL,NAME=SHAPING *ELASTIC,TYPE=ISOTROPIC 2.79, .1 *DENSITY 0.080E-09, *EXPANSION,TYPE=ISO,ZERO=21.85 1.170E-05, *PLASTIC 0.051, 0.0 0.097, 0.0036 0.17, 0.015 0.21, 0.030 0.24, 0.058 ** *rigid body,elset=pelvis,ref node=999997 *rigid body,elset=rt-femur,ref node=999998 *rigid body,elset=lt-femur,ref node=999999 ** *ELEMENT,TYPE=MASS,ELSET=MASS0001 999987, 999997 999988, 999998 999989, 999999 ** *MASS,ELSET=MASS0001 1.000E-6, ** *ELEMENT,TYPE=ROTARYI,ELSET=ROT00001 999977, 999997 999978, 999998 999979, 999999 ** *R0TARY INERTIA,ELSET=ROT00001,ORIENTATION=O0000001 2.000E-35, 2.000E-35, -1.000E-35 *0RIENTATI0N,NAME=O0000001, SYSTEM=RECTANGULAR 0.707E+00, -0.707Ξ+00, O.OOOE+00, 0.408E+00, 0.408E+00,- 0.816E+00 3, O.OOOOE+00 ** ** PRODUCT ** *** #Surface defintions -- used for contact interactions *surface,type=elements,name=PRODUCT X000002, Sl X000003, Sl X000004, S2 X000005, S2 X000006, S3 X000007, S3 X000008, S4 X000009, s5 XOOOOlO, S5 XOOOOIl, s6 ** ** PANTY *surface,type=elements,name=PANTY,nothick panty, spos ** ** PAD-PUSHER *surface,type=elements,name=PAD-PUSHER,nothick pad-pusher, spos ** ** SKIN *surface,tγpe=elements,name=PANTY-SKIN-IF,nothick PANTY-SKIN-IF, sneg ** ** SKINPADIF *surface,type=elements,name=SKINPADIF,nothick SKINPADIF,sneg ** **#Use Model history instructions--use history is broken into logical ***#stages called "steps" --each step has a particular goal toward applying ***#the product to the wearer and then further deforming the product with *** # wearer motion. ** *** # Step Definitions ** ** Step 1 - Pull Up Panty& Close Legs ** *step,nlgeom=yes Step 1 - Pull Up Panty & Close Legs *dynamic,explicit , 25.0 ** *DIAGNOSTICS, CONTACT=DETAIL *fixed mass scaling,elset=scalable,dt=l.e-4,type=uniform ** *contact pair, interaction=slide,weight=0.0 PRODUCT, SKINPADIF *contactpair, interaction=slick,mechanicalconstraint=penalty PANTY,PANTY-SKIN-IF *contact pair, interaction=sticky,weight=0.0 PRODUCT,PANTY *contact pair, interaction=sticky,weight=0.0 PRODUCT,PAD-PUSHER ** *contact pair, interaction=slick PRODUCT, PRODUCT ** *SURFACE INTERACTION,NAME=slick *FRICTION .1, *SURFACE INTERACTION,NAME=Slide *FRICTION .2, *SURFACE INTERACTION,NAME=Sticky *FRICTION 1.0, ** *amplitude,definition=smoothstep,name=waist,time=totaltime 0.0,0.0, 10.0,0.0, 19.0,1.0, 30.0,1.0 ** *amplitude,definition=smoothstep,name=pull,time=totaltime 0.0,0.0, 10.0,0.5, 19.0,1.0, 30.0,1.0 ** *amplitude,definition=smoothstep,name=push,time=totaltime 0.0,0.0, 18.0,1.0, 20.0,0.0, 30.0,0.0 ** *amplitude,definition=smoothstep,name=close,time=totaltime 0.0,0.0, 20.0,0.0, 29.0,1.0, 30.0,1.0 ** *boundary,amplitude=close ** ** pelvis ** 999997,1,6,0.0 ** ** rt-femur ** 999998,1,1,0.0 999998,2,2,0.0 999998,3,3,0.0 999998,6,6,0.0 ** ** It-femur ** 999999,1,1,0.0 999999,2,2,0.0 999999,3,3,0.0 999999,6,6,0.0 ** ** femur swing ** hold at -45 degrees from cast (standing) ** ** rt-femur 999998,4,4,0.0 ** It-femur 999999,4,4,0.0 ** ** femur close *start at +9 degrees open from cast,then close to -21(30 degrees total) ** ** rt-femur 999998,5,5,-0.5236 ** It-femur 999999,5,5, 0.5236 ** * boundary, aτnplitude=wai st ** ** Close Up Panty ** panty-waist-rear, 1, 1, 0.0 panty-waist-rear,2,2, -29.0 ** panty-waist-front, 1, 1, 0.0 panty-waist-front,2,2,29.0 ** ** Push Up Pad ** *boundary,amplitude=push ** pad-pusher, 1,2, 0.0 pad-pusher, 3, 3, 31.0 ** ** Pull Up Parity ** *boundary,amplitude=pull ** panty-waist-rear, 3 , 3 , 44.0 ** panty-waist-front,3,3,44.0 ** *output,field,variable=preselect,number interval=100 ** *end step s75-torso-stand-open.inp **%

**% **% **% I-DEAS 8 ABAQUS STANDARD TRANSLATOR **% FOR ABAQUS VERSION 5.8 **% **% MODEL FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/partial .mf1 **% INPUT FILE: s75-torso-stand-open.inp **% EXPORTED: AT 11:26:38 ON 16-Mar-01 **% PART: Full Torso - 5 steps - seated pad **% FEM: Feml **% **% UNITS: MM-mm (milli-newton) **% ... LENGTH : MM

**% ... MASS : kilogram (kg) **% ... FORCE : milli-newton **% ... TEMPERATURE : deg Celsius **% **% SUBSET EXPORT: OFF **% **% NODE ZERO TOLERANCE: OFF **%

**%

**% **% **ELEMENT, TYPE=C3D4, ELSET=foam 810001, 812274, 800635, 811538, 811818 810002, 812520, 810314, 810159, 812502 810003, 801612, 811460, 812698, 811458 810004, 812603, 811450, 811395, 812691 810005, 812464, 800575, 811286, 811351

885984, 850652, 861348, 862539, 861011 885985, 862101, 862342, 862730, 853102 885986, 851207, 862146, 851201, 851211 885987, 851665, 861459, 851664, 851667 885988, 852576, 861921, 852577, 852583 ** *ELEMENT, TYPE=M3D3, ELSET=skin 800001, 801815, 801813, 801812 800003, 800998, 801002, 801003 800004, 802044, 802038, 802037 800005, 800441, 801813, 800440 800006, 802223, 802224, 802220

856223, 851054, 851064, 851053 856225, 850507, 850509, 850508 856227, 851384, 851174, 851385 856229, 851779, 851783, 851784 856230, 851784, 851778, 851779 ** *ELEMENT, TYPE=R3D3, ELSET=pelvis 900010, 802514, 802517, 802515 900026, 802668, 802649, 802657 900030, 802823, 802838, 802839 900054, 802838, 802837, 802639 900059, 802517, 802516, 802515

911879, 852637, 852840, 852841 911881, 852796, 852781, 852782 911941, 852646, 850204, 852836 911966, 852520, 852783, 852782 911976, 852811, 852812, 852827 *ELEMENT, TYPE=R3D3, ELSET=rt-femur 906014, 852539, 852544, 852546 906047, 852691, 852687, 853049 906066, 852868, 852911, 852867 906070, 852563, 852571, 852564 906071, 852858, 852857, 852614

911926, 852560, 852562, 852559 911942, 853065, 853022, 853066 911967, 852537, 852541, 852869 911972, 852694, 852695, 852691 911984, 852583, 852576, 852577 *ELEMENT, TYPE=R3D3, ELSET=It-femur 900022, 802544, 802539, 802546 900055, 802687, 802691, 803049 900074, 802911, 802868, 802867 900078, 802571, 802563, 802564 900079, 802857, 802858, 802614

905950, 803022, 803065, 803066 905975, 802541, 802537, 802869 905980, 802695, 802694, 802691 905992, 802576, 802583, 802577 ** *NSET,NSET=PELVIS 800055, 800056, 800063, 800064, 800068, 800069, 800081, 800098, 800099, 800108, 800109 800110, 800114, 800125, 800126, 800127, 800132, 800133, 800136, 800147, 800154, 800155 800157, 800204, 800220, 802473, 802474, 802475, 802476, 802477, 802478, 802479, 802480

852822, 852823, 852824 852825, 852826, 852827, 852828, 852829, 852830, 852831, 852832, 852833, 852835, 852836 852837, 852838, 852839, 852840, 852841, 852842, 852843, 852844, 852845, 852846, 852847 852848, 852849 *NSET,NSET=RT-FEMUR 850294, 850295, 850299, 850303, 850307, 850311, 852467, 852468, 852525, 852526, 852527 852528, 852529, 852530, 852531, 852532, 852533, 852534, 852535, 852536, 852537, 852538 852539, 852540, 852541, 852542, 852543, 852544, 852545, 852546, 852547, 852548, 852549 852550, 852551, 852552, 852553,

835535, 862354, 863321 870828, 870875, 871613, 872137, 872802, 872857, 872868, 873899, 874032, 874083, 874528 876115, 876721, 877126, 877188, 877199, 877926, 879121, 879261, 880020, 880076, 884548

853039, 853040, 853041 853042, 853043, 853044, 853045, 853046, 853047, 853048, 853049, 853050, 853051, 853052 853053, 853054, 853055, 853056, 853057, 853058, 853059, 853060, 853061, 853062, 853063 853064, 853065, 853066, 853067, 853068, 853069, 853070, 853071, 853072, 853073 *NSET,NSET=LT-FEMUR 800294, 800295, 800299, 800303, 800307, 800311, 802467, 802468, 802525, 802526, 802527 802528, 802529, 802530, 802531, 802532, 802533, 802534, 802535, 802536, 802537, 802538 802539, 802540, 802541, 802542, 802543, 802544, 802545, 802546, 802547, 802548, 802549 802550, 802551, 802552, 802553, 802554

803039, 803040, 803041 803042, 803043, 803044, 803045, 803046, 803047, 803048, 803049, 803050, 803051, 803052 803053, 803054, 803055, 803056, 803057, 803058, 803059, 803060, 803061, 803062, 803063 803064, 803065, 803066, 803067, 803068, 803069, 803070, 803071, 803072, 803073 *ELSET,ELSET=SKINPADIF 800001, 800003, 800005, 800010, 800011, 800012, 800013, 800021, 800034, 800042, 800045 800047, 800049, 800052, 800057, 800060, 800063, 800064, 800075, 800082, 800087, 800101 800103, 800105, 800106, 800109, 800111, 800112, 800113, 800114, 800115, 800118, 800120 800121, 800136, 800139, 800140,

856069, 856070, 856076 856080, 856081, 856084, 856095, 856096, 856100, 856107, 856112, 856113, 856117, 856119 856120, 856123, 856128, 856138, 856139, 856145, 856146, 856150, 856152, 856159, 856161 856163, 856165, 856166, 856179, 856180, 856210, 856216, 856220, 856225, 856229, 856230 *ELSET,ELSET=PANTY-SKIN-IF 800001, 800003, 800004, 800005, 800010, 800011, 800012, 800013, 800021, 800026, 800030 800031, 800032, 800034, 800041, 800042, 800043, 800045, 800047, 800049, 800051, 800052 800057, 800058, 800060, 800063, 800064, 800065, 800075, 800082, 800087, 800092, 800097 800100, 800101, 800103, 800105, 800106, 800109, 800111, 800112, 800113, 800114, 800115

856084, 856095, 856096 856098, 856100, 856106, 856107, 856108, 856112, 856113, 856116, 856117, 856119, 856120 856123, 856128, 856138, 856139, 856143, 856144, 856145, 856146, 856150, 856152, 856155 856159, 856161, 856162 856163, 856165, 856166, 856167, 856169, 856171, 856179, 856180 856184, 856186, 856210 856216, 856220, 856225, 856229, 856230 *ELSET,ELSET=VPOO0002 800001, 800003, 800004, 800005, 800006, 800008, 800009, 800010, 800011, 800012, 800013 800014, 800017, 800018, 800021, 800022, 800026, 800027, 800028, 800029, 800030, 800031 800032, 800033, 800034 800036, 800039, 800040, 800041, 800042, 800043, 800044, 800045

856134, 856135, 856138 856139, 856143, 856144, 856145, 856146, 856147, 856150, 856151 856152, 856153, 856155, 856157, 856159, 856160, 856161, 856162, 856163, 856165, 856166 856167, 856169, 856171 856175, 856177, 856179, 856180, 856181, 856183, 856184, 856186 856187, 856190, 856196 856197, 856198, 856199, 856200, 856203, 856204, 856206, 856208 856209, 856210, 856213 856216, 856217, 856218, 856220, 856223, 856225, 856227, 856229 856230, *ELSET,ELSET=VPOO0003 813497, 823044, 823090 823224, 823434, 823749, 823787, 823836, 823975, 824166, 824271 824650, 824686, 824690 824798, 825157, 825170, 825172, 825201, 825203, 825343, 825395 825396, 825411, 825636 825694, 826237, 826435, 826884, 827884, 828308, 828315, 828440 828472, 828475, 828649 830491, 833388, 863497, 873044, 873090, 873224, 873434, 873749 873787, 873836, 873975 874166, 874271, 874650, 874686, 874690, 874798, 875157, 875170 875172, 875201, 875203 875343, 875395, 875396, 875411, 875636, 875694, 876237, 876435 876884, 877884, 878308 878315, 878440, 878472, 878475, 878649, 880491, 883388 *ELSET,ELSET=VP000004 823143, 823382, 823585 823614, 825734, 825742, 825855, 826743, 827169, 827605, 827712 828112, 828572, 829069, 830170, 873143, 873382, 873585 873614 875734 875742 875855 876743, 877169, 877605 877712, 878112, 878572, 879069, 880170 *ELSET,ELSET=VP000005 810041, 810328, 810686 813768, 817478, 821044, 822227, 822478, 822858, 823049, 823058 823079, 823080, 823354, 823511, 823553, 823580, 823582, 823633, 823653, 823675, 823704 823772, 823779, 823799, 823800, 823856, 823885, 824008, 824112, 824121, 824170, 824208

873444, 873446, 873632, 873765, 873990, 874122, 874250, 874682, 874785, 874815, 874832 874993, 875159, 875185, 875189, 875194, 875204, 875358, 875552, 875593, 875631, 875744 875748, 875823, 875834 876208, 876723, 876752, 876759, 876761, 876763, 876766, 876883 877223, 877282, 877284 877600, 877713, 877772, 877895, 878316, 878429, 878530, 878690 878757, 878913, 879533, 881249, 882057 *ELSET,ELSET=VP000006 821522, 822998, 823042 823050, 823054, 823152, 823199, 823444, 823446, 823632, 823765 823990, 824122, 824250 824682, 824785, 824815, 824832, 824993, 825159, 825185, 825189 825194, 825204, 825358 825552, 825593, 825631, 825744, 825748, 825823, 825834, 826208 826723, 826752, 826759 826761, 826763, 826766, 826883, 827223, 827282, 827284, 827600

877703, 877730, 877829 877871, 877909, 877929, 877949, 877953, 877962, 877971, 878162 878179, 878277, 878303 878311, 878360, 878372, 878418, 878430, 878435, 878485, 878499 878537, 878741, 878879 878960, 879126, 879299, 879328, 879456, 879540, 879583, 879749 879817, 879822, 879857 879884, 879972, 880019, 880159, 880202, 880246, 880318, 880424 880827, 880938, 881181 881473, 881953, 882435, 882840, 883223, 883356, 884244, 884482 884735, 884737, 885089, 885671, 885883 *ELSET,ELSET=VP000007 822621, 824116, 824797 825116, 825778, 826115, 828319, 828525, 829912, 830482, 830594 830633, 872621, 874116 874797, 875116, 875778, 876115, 878319, 878525, 879912, 880482 880594, 880633 *ELSET,ELSET=VPOOO008 810438, 822970, 823279 824289, 826525, 826987, 830613, 860438, 872970, 873279, 874289 876525, 876987, 880613 *ELSET,ELSET=VP000009 810007, 810070, 810189 810521, 810718, 810724, 810893, 811321, 812406, 813502, 819990 822192, 822627, 822689 822808, 822857, 822904, 823240, 823252, 823337, 823534, 823562 823695, 823861, 823902 824083, 824164, 824185, 824198, 824333, 824428, 824479, 824805 825014, 825085, 825103 825162, 825247, 825495, 825496, 826149, 826279, 826633, 826740 826788, 827053, 827062 827092, 827116, 827188, 827193, 827296, 827369, 827540, 828012 828026, 828456, 828618, 828635, 829060, 829100, 829479, 829850, 830005, 830326, 830360 832572, 833009, 833097, 833269, 833456, 833825, 834667, 834762, 835535, 862354, 863321 870828, 870875, 871613, 872137, 872802, 872857, 872868, 873899, 874032, 874083, 874528 876115, 876721, 877126, 877188, 877199, 877926, 879121, 879261, 880020, 880076, 884548 *ELSET,ELSET=VP000010 812354, 813321, 820828 820875, 821613, 822137, 822802, 822857, 822868, 823899, 824032 824083, 824528, 826115 826721, ' 827126, 827188, 827199, 827926, 829121, 829261, 830020 830076, 834548, 860007 860070, 860189, 860521, 860718, 860724, 860893, 861321, 862406 863502, 869990, 872192 872627, 872689, 872808, 872857, 872904, 873240, 873252, 873337 873534, 873562, 873695 873861, 873902, 874083, 874164, 874185, 874198, 874333, 874428 874479, 874805, 875014 875085, 875103, 875162, 875247, 875495, 875496, 876149, 876279 876633, 876740, 876788 877053, 877062, 877092, 877116, 877188, 877193, 877296, 877369 877540, 878012, 878026 878456, 878618, 878635, 879060, 879100, 879479, 879850, 880005 880326, 880360, 882572 883009, 883097, 883269, 883456, 883825, 884667, 884762, 885535 torso-spread-09.inp **%

**% **% I-DEAS 8 ABAQUS STANDARD TRANSLATOR **% FOR ABAQUS VERSION 5.8 **% **% MODEL FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/partial .tnf1 **% INPUT FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/torso-spread- 09.inp **% EXPORTED: AT 18:03:33 ON 20-Mar-01 **% PART: Parti **% FEM: Feml **% **% UNITS: MM-mm (milli-newton) **% ... LENGTH : MM **% ... TIME : sec **% ... MASS : kilogram (kg) **% ... FORCE : milli-newton **% ... TEMPERATURE : deg Celsius **% **% SUBSET EXPORT: OFF **% **% NODE ZERO TOLERANCE: OFF **% **%

**% **% *NODE, NSET=torso 800001,-6.5779771E-07, -1.0107611E+02, 2.6729970E+02 800002, -7.4259121E-07, -1.0099827E+02, 2.8271690E+02 800003, -9.2915681E-07, -1.0070500E+02, 2.9799782E+02 800004, 1.4019280E-08, 6.2796824E+01, 3.0048155E+02 800005, -9.1722038E-09, 5.8766293E+01, 2.8642106E+02 800006,-1.5437370E-08, 5.6664992E+01, 2.7180621E+02

812875, 4.4153182E+01, 2.1023533E+00, ■2.6229301E+01 812876, 3.6107786E+01, -2.9436223E+01, ■9.7953729E-02 850160, -2.0069427E+01, -1.0193921E+02, 2.9795181E+02 850161, -3.5816844E+01, -9.9696628E+01, 2.9803994E+02 850162, -5.0035286E+01, -9.4344819E+01, 2.9807327E+02 850163, -6.1078414E+01, -8.7683636E+01, 2.9818489E+02 850164, -7.2545925E+01, -8.0918260E+01, 2.9818307E+02 850165, -8.6178056E+01, -7.2025444E+01, 2.9824707E+02

862872,-7.5277412E+01, -4.2007950E+01, 1.8369158E+01 862873,-7.5849728E+01, 4.7846327E+01, 1.7786336E+01 862874, -1.3968878E+02, -4.9371917E+01, 2.0772505E+01 862875, -4.4153182E+01, 2.1023533E+00, 2.6229301E+01 862876, -3.6107786E+01, -2.9436223E+01, 9.7953729E-02 *node,nset=pel-ref 999997, 0. OOOOOOOE+00, -4.0759025E+00, 9.3156995E+01 *node,nset=fera-refs 999998, -8.6929602E+01, -4.0759025E+00, 9.3156995E+01 999999, 8.6929602Ξ+01, ■4.0759025E+00, 9.3156995E+01 panty-partial-membrane-conformal-spread-coarse.inp **%

**% **% I-DEAS 8 ABAQUS STANDARD TRANSLATOR **% FOR ABAQUS VERSION 5.8 **% **% MODEL FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/partial .mf1 **% INPUT FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/panty-partial- membrane- conformal-spread-coarse. inp **% EXPORTED: AT 19:28:29 ON 22-Mar-01 **% PART: Part2 **% FEM: Feml **% **% UNITS: MM-mm (milli-newton) **% ... LENGTH : MM **% ... TIME : sec **% ... MASS : kilogram (kg) **% ... FORCE : milli-newton **% ... TEMPERATURE : deg Celsius **% **% SUBSET EXPORT: OFF **% **% NODE ZERO TOLERANCE: OFF **% **%

**% **% *NODE, NSET=panty-part 740004, 2.6190451E+01, • 4 . 1675785E+01 , •1.4559489E+01 740006, 2.7595584E+01, 8 . 4062732E+01 , ■2.2838557E+01 740007, 1.1636619E+01, ■ 5 . 8970101E+01 , 4.1984343E+00 740008, 2.1201023E+01, ■ 6 . 4534773E+01 , 9.3895539E+00 740009, 2.9068360E+01, ■ 7 . 1290136E+01 , 1.6376956E+01 740010, 3.6561715E+01, ■ 7 . 8710793E+ 01 , 2.4244325E+01

751091, -7, 1804490E+01, 1.2046414E+02, 1.7805130E+02 751092, -7 7337617E+01, 1.1940818E+02, 1.7824766E+02 751093, -7, 8183401E+01, 1.2056727Ξ+02, 1.7294614E+02 751094, -9, 4519660E+01, 1.1779975Ξ+02, 1.7830911E+02 751095, -8, 7700290E+01, 1.1812640E+02, 1.7831431E+02 ** *ELEMENT, TYPE=T3D2, ELSET=lycra 760034, 740151 740149 770038, 750143 750141 760036, 740147 740145 760037, 740145 740143 760035, 740149 740147

760008, 740313, 740322 760005, 740344, 740345 760054, 740941, 740940 760007, 740346, 740313 760006, 740345, 740346 ** *ELEMENT, TYPE=M3D3, ELSET=panty-part 740001, 740007, 740219, 740096 740002, 740096, 740219, 740052 740008, 740051, 740212, 740004 740011, 740008, 740207, 740007

758058, 750615, 750133, 750661 758059, 750616, 750615, 750661 758060, 750756, 750755, 750615 758061, 750616, 750756, 750615 ** *NSET,NSET=PANTY-WAIST-REAR 740053, 741030, 741073, 741074, 741081, 741082, 741087, 741088, 741089, 741090, 741091 741092, 741094, 741095, 751030, 751073, 751074, 751081, 751082, 751087, 751088, 751089 751090, 751091, 751092, 751094, 751095 *NSET,NSET=PANTY-WAIST-FRONT 740110, 740302, 740374, 740407, 740424, 740425, 740426, 740427, 740455, 740456, 740531 740535, 740537, 740544, 740545, 740546, 750302, 750374, 750407, 750424, 750425, 750426 750427, 750455, 750456, 750531, 750535, 750537, 750544, 750545, 750546 *NSET,NSET=PANTY-DCN 740092, *NSET,NSET=PANTY-RT-LEG 750004, 750006, 750014, 750132, 750133, 750135, 750137, 750139, 750141, 750143, 750145 750147, 750149, 750151, 750153, 750155, 750157, 750159, 750161, 750163, 750165, 750184 750185, 750192, 750197, 750202, 750211, 750212, 750217, 750221, 750229, 750236, 750239 750303, 750313, 750322, 750324, 750325, 750327, 750331, 750332, 750340, 750344, 750345 750346, 750363, 750374, 750776, 750780, 750789, 750791, 750792, 750794, 750846, 750847 750866, 750885, 750931, 750938, 750939, 750940, 750941, 751025, 751027, 751028, 751094 *NSET,NSET=PANTY-LT-LEG 740004, 740006, 740014, 740132, 740133, 740135, 740137, 740139, 740141, 740143, 740145 740147, 740149, 740151, 740153, 740155, 740157, 740159, 740161, 740163, 740165, 740184 740185, 740192, 740197, 740202, 740211, 740212, 740217, 740221, 740229, 740236, 740239 740303, 740313, 740322, 740324, 740325, 740327, 740331, 740332, 740340, 740344, 740345 740346, 740363, 740374, 740776, 740780, 740789, 740791, 740792, 740794, 740846, 740847 740866, 740885, 740931, 740938, 740939, 740940, 740941, 741025, 741027, 741028, 741094 *NSET,NSET=XSYMM-PANTY 740053, 740054, 740055, 740056, 740057, 740058, 740059, 740060, 740061, 740064, 740065 740066, 740067, 740068, 740069, 740070, 740071, 740072, 740089, 740090, 740091, 740092 740093, 740094, 740095, 740096, 740097, 740098, 740099, 740100, 740101, 740102, 740103 740104, 740105, 740106, 740107, 740108, 740109, 740110 *ELSET,ELSET=PANTY-RT-LEG 770001, 770002, 770003, 770004, 770005, 770006, 770007, 770008, 770009, 770010, 770011 770012, 770013, 770014, 770015, 770016, 770017, 770018, 770019, 770020, 770021, 770022 770023, 770024, 770025, 770026, 770027, 770028, 770029, 770030, 770031, 770032, 770033 770034, 770035, 770036 770037, 770038, 770039, 770040, 770041, 770042, 770043, 770044 770045, 770046, 770047, 770048, 770049, 770050, 770051, 770052, 770053, 770054, 770055 770056, 770057, 770058, 770059, 770060, 770061, 770062, 770063, 770064, 770065 *ELSET,ELSET=PANTY-LT-LEG 760001, 760002, 760003, 760004, 760005, 760006, 760007, 760008, 760009, 760010, 760011 760012, 760013, 760014, 760015, 760016, 760017, 760018, 760019, 760020, 760021, 760022 760023, 760024, 760025 760026, 760027, 760028, 760029, 760030, 760031, 760032, 760033 760034, 760035, 760036, 760037, 760038, 760039, 760040, 760041, 760042, 760043, 760044 760045, 760046, 760047, 760048, 760049, 760050, 760051, 760052, 760053, 760054, 760055 760056, 760057, 760058 760059, 760060, 760061, 760062, 760063, 760064, 760065 panty-partial-membrane-conformal-spread-coarse-push.inp **%

**% **% I-DEAS 8 ABAQUS STANDARD TRANSLATOR **% FOR ABAQUS VERSION 5.8 **% **% MODEL FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/partial.mf1 **% INPUT FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/panty-partial- membrane- conformal-spread-coarse-push. inp **% EXPORTED: AT 16:44:02 ON 28-Mar-01 **% PART: Panty-partial-conformal-standing- coarse **% FEM: Feml **% **% UNITS: MM-mm (milli-newton) **% ... LENGTH : MM **% ... TIME : sec **% ... MASS : kilogram (kg) **% ... FORCE : milli-newton **% ... TEMPERATURE : deg Celsius **% **% SUBSET EXPORT: OFF **% **% NODE ZERO TOLERANCE: OFF **% **%

**% **% *NODΞ, NSET=pad-pusher 780001, 2.6190450E+01 -4.1675780E+01, ■ 1 . 3559490E+01 780002, 2.7595580E+01 8.4062750E+01, ■ 2 . 1838560E+01 780003, 1.1636620E+01 -5.8970100E+01, 5.1984350E+00 780004, 2.1201020E+01 -6.4534780E+01, 1.0389560E+01 780005, 2.9068360E+01 -7.1290140E+01, 1.7376960E+01 780006, 3.6561720E+01 -7.8710790E+01, 2.5244330E+01 780007, 1.9742300E+01 -4.4262460E+01, -6.4584500E+00

780241, -3.028863OE+01, 9.5030620E+01, ■1.9656360E+01 780242, -3.136852OE+01, 1.1817140E+02, ■6.5147640E+00 780243, -8.522682OE+00, 1.1632100E+02, 9.7427340E+00 780244,-1.6370000E+01, 1.1820870E+02, 3.5604950E+00 *ELEMENT, TYPE=M3D3, ELSET=pad-pusher 780001, 780003, 780063, 780023 780002, 780023, 780063, 780008 780003, 780007, 780060, 780001 780004, 780004, 780058, 780003 780005, 780058, 780063, 780003

780399, 780190, 780233, 780141 780400, 780190, 780141, 780142 780401, 780190, 780142, 780204 780402, 780191, 780190, 780204 780403, 780234, 780233, 780190 780404, 780191, 780234, 780190 deformed-product-mod2.inp **%

**% **% I-DEAS 8 ABAQUS STANDARD TRANSLATOR **% FOR ABAQUS VERSION 5.8 **% **% MODEL FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/partial .mf1 **% INPUT FILE: /u/dar/fs2/p99630/deformed-product- mod2 xnp **% EXPORTED: AT 17:32:50 ON 30-Mar-01 **% PART: Deformed-2layer-product-modified **% FEM: Fem2 **% **% UNITS: MM-mm (milli-newton) **% ... LENGTH : MM **% ... TIME : sec **% ... MASS : kilogram (kg) **% ... FORCE : milli-newton **% ... TEMPERATURE : deg Celsius **% **% SUBSET EXPORT: OFF **% **% NODE ZERO TOLERANCE: OFF **% **s-

**% **% *NODE, NSET=product 30001, -3.4487802E+01 6.8883717E+01, -4.4105511E+00 30002, -3.0007512E+01 3.8483710E+01, -6.7437290E+00 30003, -3.0031287E+01 1.7333930E-01, -6.3940083E-01 30004, -2.4048079E+01 6.7824498E-02, -9.9434975E-01 30005,-2.3937481E+01 7.7896531E+01, -1.7323619E+00 30006, -3.1790039E-06 1.0043778E+02, 7.3885206E+00 30007,-7.4375087E-07 1.0569289E+02, 1.2086141E+01

115040, 1.5641820E+01,-5.1718454E+01, 3.0090672E+01 115041, 1.3718556E+01,-5.0556136E+01, 2.9144523E+01 115042, 1.4075688E+01,-5.1844215E+01, 3.0180101E+01 115043, 1.2828171E+01,-5.1989349E+01, 3.0288984E+01 *ELEMENT, TYPE=C3D6, ELSET=shaping 48001, 30761, 30207, 30770, 40761, 40207, 40770 48002, 30761 30208, 30207, 40761, 40208, 40207 48003, 32113 32122, 30207, 42113, 42122, 40207 48004, 32113, 30207, 30208, 42113, 40207, 40208

68024, 52981, 54650, 52982, 62981, 64650, 62982 68031, 54836, 52957, 54845, 64836, 62957, 64845 68032, 54836, 52958, 52957, 64836, 62958, 62957 68033, 53505, 53514, 52957, 63505, 63514, 62957 68034, 53505, 52957, 52958, 63505, 62957, 62958 *ELEMENT, TYPE=C3D6, ELSET=distribution 98001, 60761 60207, 60770, 90761, 90207, 90770 98002, 62113 62122, 60207, 92113, 92122, 90207 98011, 61927 60232, 61930, 91927 118012, 100575, 100578, 100232, 110575, 110578, 110232 118021, 103319, 102982, 103322, 113319, 112982, 113322 118022, 104650, 104653, 102982, 114650, 114653, 112982 118031, 104836, 102957, 104845, 114836, 112957, 114845 118032, 103505, 103514, 102957, 113505, 113514, 112957 *ELEMENT, TYPE=C3D8R, ELSET=shaping 40001, 30001, 30016, 30463, 30460, 40001, 40016, 40463, 40460 40002, 30138, 30001, 30460, 30469, 40138, 40001, 40460, 40469 40003, 30029, 30002, 30397, 30402, 40029, 40002, 40397, 40402 40004, 30002, 30030, 30405, 30397, 40002,

64940, 55157, 55158, 55163, 55162, 65157, 65158, 65163, 65162 64941, 55166, 55164, 55158, 55157, 65166, 65164, 65158, 65157 64942, 55158, 55159, 55161, 55163, 65158, 65159, 65161, 65163 64943, 55164, 55165, 55159, 55158, 65164, 65165, 65159, 65158 64944, 55163, 55161, 55160, 55162, 65163, 65161, 65160, 65162 *ELEMENT, TYPE=C3D8R, ELSET=distribution 90279, 60008, 60139, 60902, 60788, 90008, 90139, 90902, 90788 90280, 60246, 60008, 60788, 60805, 90246, 90008, 90788, 90805 90281, 60176, 60009, 60185, 60567, 90176, 90009, 90185, 90567 90282, 60578, 60177, 60010, 60232, 90578, 90177, 90010, 90232 90283, 60233, 60812, 60186, 60011, 90233, 90812, 90186, 90011

114759, 105042, 105041, 105035, 105043, 115042, 115041, 115035, 115043 114760, 105036, 105040, 105042, 105037, 115036, 115040, 115042, 115037 114761, 105037, 105042, 105043, 105038, 115037, 115042, 115043, 115038 114762, 105040, 105039, 105041, 105042, 115040, 115039, 115041, 115042 ** *NSET,NSET=PULL-FRONT 42771, 42869, 44254, 52771, 52869, 54254 *NSET,NSET=PULL-REAR 40007, 40110, 41516, 50007, 50110, 51516 ** *ELSET,ELSET=TOPSHAPE 60001, 60002, 60003, 60004, 60005, 60006, 60007, 60008, 60009, 60010, 60011 60012, 60013, 60014, 60015, 60016, 60017, 60018, 60019, 60020, 60021, 60022 60023, 60024, 60025, 60026, 60027, 60028, 60029, 60030, 60031, 60032, 60033 60034, 60035, 60036, 60037, 60038, 60039, 60040, 60041, 60042, 60043, 60044

114740, 114741, 114742, 114743, 114744, 114745, 114746, 114747, 114748, 114749, 114750 114751, 114752, 114753, 114754, 114755, 114756, 114757, 114758, 114759, 114760, 114761 114762, 118001, 118002, 118011, 118012, 118021, 118022, 118031, 118032 ** *ELSET,ELSET=X000002 48001,48002,48003,48004,48011,48012,48013,48014,48021, 48022,48023,48024 48031,48032,48033,48034 *ELSET,ELSET=X000003 40001,40002,40003,40004,40005,40006,40007,40008,40009, 40010,40011>40012 40013,40014,40015,40016,40017,40018,40019,40020,40021 40022,40023,40024 40025,40026,40027,40028,40029,40030,40031,40032,40033, 40034,40035,40036 40037,40038,40039,40040,40041,40042,40043,40044,40045, 40046,40047,40048

44893,44894,44895,44896,44897,44898,44899,44900,44901, 44902,44903,44904 44905,44906,44907,44908,44909,44910,44911,44912,44913, 44914,44915,44916 44917,44918,44919,44920,44921,44922,44923,44924,44925, 44926,44927,44928 44929,44930,44931,44932,44933,44934,44935,44936,44937, 44938,44939,44940 44941,44942,44943,44944 *ELSET,ELSET=X000004 68002,68004,68012,68014,68022,68024,68032,68034,118001, 118002,118011,118012 118021,118022,118031,118032 *ELSET,ELSET=X000005 60001,60002,60003,60004,60005,60006,60007,60008,60009, 60010,60011,60012 60013,60014,60015,60016,60017,60018,60019,60020,60021, 60022,60023,60024 60025,60026,60027,60028,60029,60030,60031,60032,60033, 60034,60035,60036 60037,60038,60039,60040,60041,60042,60043,60044,60045, 60046,60047,60048 60049,60050,60051,60052,60053,60054,60055,60056,60057, 60058,60059,60060 60061,60062,60063,60064,60065,60066,60067,60068,60069, 60070,60071,60072 60073,60074,60075,60076,60077,60078,60079,60080,60081, 60082,60083,60084 60085,60086,60087,60088,60089,60090,60091,60092,60093, 60094,60095,60096 60097, 60098, 60099, 60100, 60101, 60102,60103, 60104, 60105, 60106,60107,60108

114707,114708,114709,114710,114711,114712,114713,114714, 114715,114716,114717 114718, 114719, 114720, 114721, 114722, 114723 , 114724, 114725, 114726,114727,114728 114729, 114730, 114731, 114732, 114733, 114734, 114735, 114736, 114737,114738,114739 114740,114741,114742,114743,114744,114745,114746,114747, 114748,114749,114750 114751,114752,114753,114754,114755,114756,114757,114758, 114759,114760,114761 114762, *ELSET,ELSET=XO00006 98001,98011,98021,98031,108001,108011,108021,108031, 118001,118011,118021 118031, *ELSET,ELSET=XOOO007 20001,40002,40003,40004,40005,40011,40012,40013,40014, 40015,40016,40017 40018,40019,40020,40021,40022,40023,40024,40025,40026 40027,40028,40029 40030,40031,40032,40033,40034,40035,40036,40037,40038 40039,40040,40115 40116,40119,40120,40121,40122,40123,40124,40125,40126, 40127,40128,40129

110310,110311,110312,110313,110314,110315,110316,110317, 110318,110319, 110320 110381,110382,110383,110384,110385,110386,110387,114284, 114285,114286, 114289 114290, 114291, 114292, 114293, 114294, 114295, 114296, 114297 114298,114299, 114300 114301,114302,114303,114304,114305,114306,114307,114308, 114309,114310, 114311 114312, 114313, 114314, 114315, 114316, 114317, 114318, 114319, 114320,114321, 114322 114323,114324,114325,114386,114387,114388,114389,114390, 114391,114392 *ELSET,ELSET=X000008 41336,41337,41338,41339,41340,41346,41347,41348,41349, 41350,41351,41352 41353,41354,41355,41356,41357,41358,41359,41360,41361, 41362,41363,41364 41365,41366,41367,41368,41369,41370,41371,41372,41373, 41374,41375,41450 41451,41454,41455,41456,41457,41458,41459,41460,41461, 41462,41463,41464 42671,42672,42673,42674,42675,42681,42682,42683,42684, 42685,42686,42687 42688,42689,42690,42691,42692,42693,42694,42695,42696, 42697,42698,42699

111634,111635,111636,111637,111638,111639,111640,111641, 111642,111643, 111644 111645,111646,111647,111648,111649,111650,111651,111652, 111653,111654, 111655 111716,111717,111718,111719,111720,111721,111722,112949, 112950,112951, 112954 112955,112956,112957,112958,112959,112960,112961,112962, 112963,112964, 112965 112966,112967,112968,112969,112970,112971,112972,112973, 112974,112975, 112976 112977,112978,112979,112980,112981,112982,112983,112984 112985,112986, 112987 112988,112989,112990,113051,113052,113053,113054,113055 113056,113057 *ELSET,ELSET=X000009 98002,98012,98022,98032,108002,108012,108022,108032, 118002,118012,118022 118032, *ELSET,ELSET=XOOOOIO 41345,41436,41437,41438,41439,41440,41441,41442,41443, 41444,41445,41446 41447,41448,41449,41452,42680,42771,42772,42773,42774, 42775,42776,42777 42778,42779,42780,42781,42782,42783,42784,42787,51345, 51436,51437,51438 51439,51440,51441,51442,51443,51444,51445,51446,51447, 51448,51449,51452 52680,52771,52772,52773,52774,52775,52776,52777,52778, 52779,52780,52781 52782,52783,52784,52787,61345,61436,61437,61438,61439, 61440,61441,61442 61443, 61444, 61445, 61446, 61447, 61448, 61449, 61452, 62680, 62771,62772,62773 62774,62775,62776,62777,62778,62779,62780,62781,62782, 62783,62784,62787 90388,90389,90419,90420,90428,90436,90444,90452,90460, 90468,90476,90484 90492,90500,90508,90516,90524,90532,90540,90548,90556, . 90564,90572,91618 91710, 91711, 91712, 91713, 91714, 91715, 92953, 93045, 93046, 93047,93048,93049 93050, 94393, 94394, 94424, 94425, 94433, 94441, 94449, 94457, 94465,94473,94481 94489,94497,94505,94513,94521, 94529,94537,94545,94553, 94561,94569,94577 100388,100389,100419,100420,100428,100436,100444, 100452,100460,100468, 100476 100484,100492,100500,100508,100516,100524,100532, 100540,100548,100556, 100564 100572,101618,101710,101711,101712,101713,101714, 101715,102953,103045, 103046 103047,103048,103049,103050,104393,104394,104424, 104425,104433,104441, 04449 104457,104465,104473,104481,104489,104497,104505, 104513,104521,104529, 104537 104545,104553,104561,104569, 104577,110388,110389, 110419,110420,110428, 110436 110444,110452,110460,110468,110476,110484,110492, 110500,110508,110516, 110524 110532,110540,110548,110556,110564,110572,111618, 111710,111711,111712, 111713 111714,111715,112953,113045,113046,113047,113048, 113049,113050,114393, 114394 114424,114425,114433,114441,114449,114457,114465, 114473,114481,114489, 114497 114505,114513,114521,114529,114537,114545,114553, 114561,114569,114577 *ELSET,ELSET=XOOOOII 40010,40101,40102,40103,40104,40105,40106,40107,40108, 40109,40110,40111 40112,40113,40114,40117,44015,44106,44107,44108,44109, 44110,44111,44112 44113,44114,44115,44116,44117,44118,44119,44122,50010, 50101,50102,50103 50104,50105,50106,50107,50108,50109,50110,50111,50112, 50113,50114,50117

111811,111819,111827,111835,111843,111851,111859,111867, 111875,111883, 111891 111899,111907,113058,113059,113089,113090,113098,113106, 113114,113122, 113130 113138, 113146, 113154, 113162, 113170 , 113178, 113186, 113194, 113202,113210, 113218 113226,113234,113242,114288,114380,114381,114382,114383, 114384,114385

END APPENDIX 3 FLUID LOADING EXAMPLE **DIAPER - FLUID ADDITION EMBODIMENT - Method 2 *HEADING ** UNITS ** Length = mm ** Time = msec ** Mass = grams ** Force = N ** Stress = MPa ** ** Note - only portions of input file relating to fluid addition changes are included herein. Refer to Appendix 1 for a standard dry file including node definition, element difinition, contact examples, etc.

** Definition of wet thicknesses ** Region: (Ll-9 :Picked) , (Controls:EC-1) *Elset, elset=_I4, internal 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, ... ... , 3496 ** Section: Ll-9 *Shell Section, elset=_I4, Composite, Controls=EC-l, Offset=0.456175 2.29, ,abs_r2 0.22, ,cover ** Region: (Ll-8 :Picked) , (Controls.-EC-I) *Elset, elset=_I5, internal 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, ... ..., 3761 ** Section: Ll-8 *Shell Section, elset=_I5, Composite, Controls=EC-l, Offset=0.491143 12.2,,abs_rl 0.22, ,cover ** Region: (Ll-4 :Picked) , (Controls:EC-1) *Elset, elset=_I12, internal, generate 2597, 2656, 1 ** Section: Ll-4 *Shell Section, elset=_I12, Composite, Controls=EC-l, Offset=0.310811 2.29,,abs_r2 0.22, ,cover 0.45, ,pub ** Region: (Ll-3 :Picked) , (Controls:EC-1) *Elset, elset=_I13, internal, generate 2657, 2812, 1 ** Section: Ll-3 *Shell Section, elset=_I13, Composite, Controls=EC-l, Offset=0.310811 2.29,,abs_r2 0.22, ,cover 0.45, ,pub ** Region: (Ll-7-.Picked) , (Controls :EC-1) *Elset, elset=_I15, internal, generate 3762, 3785, 1 ** Section: Ll-7 *Shell Section, elset=_I15, Composite, Controls=EC-l, Offset=0.456488 12.20, ,abs_rl 0.22, ,cover 0.45, ,pub

♦End Instance

** ** Definition of absorbent properties at varying saturations

♦Material, name=abs rl ♦Damping, alpha=0.02 ♦Density 0.00024, ♦Hyperfoam, n=3 -0.006939 21.4172, 0.0077043, 25., 0.00025899, -4.91048, o., 0. 0. 0. -0.0428417 22.6612, 0.0443775, 25., 0.00082775, -1.2478, 0-, 0. 0. 1. -0.016068 20.2784, 0.017417, 25., 0.00068687, -1.94632, o., 0. 0. 2. -0.017421 22.0776, 0.018581, 25., 0.00040253, -3.60798, o., 0. 0. 3. -0.019916 22.1649, 0.02113, 25., 0.00045415, -3.225, o., 0. 0. 4. ♦Material, name=abs_r2 ♦Damping, alpha=0.02 ♦Density 0.00024, ♦Hyperfoam, n=3 -0.006939, 21.4172, 0.0077043, 25., 0.00025899, -4.91048, o., 0. 0. 0. -0.016319, 22.5173, 0.017329, 25., 0.0003326, -4.17455, o., 0. 0. 4. -0.017712, 21.6224, 0.018958, 25., 0.00048611, -3.02368, o., 0. 0. 5. -0.016331, 21.0054, 0.017625, 25., 0.00055065, -2.64196, 0-, 0. 0. 6. -0.016385, 20.1398, 0.017719, 25., 0.00075518, -1.6208, o., 0. 0. 7. ** ** Initial Condition - Temperature specifying dry state ** ** Name: Sat_abs_props_rl Type: Temperature *Initial Conditions, type=TEMPERATURE absorbent-rl, 0. ** Name : Sat_abs_jprops_r2 Type : Temperature *Initial Conditions, type=TEMPERATURE absorbent-r2, 0. **

**

** ** STEP: Move to sitting - dry ** *Step, name=Step-7-sitl move to sitting *Dynamic, Explicit , 1000. *Bulk Viscosity 0.06, 1.2 ** ** BOUNDARY CONDITIONS - sitting movement ** ** Name: abduction Type: Connector displacement ** Applies To: hip-joint *Connector Motion, amplitude=ramp-to-one _abduction_CnSet_, 4, 0.524 _abduction_CnSet_, 5, 1.35 _abduction_CnSet_, 6 ** ** LOADS - initial gravity level ** ** Name: Diaper_grav Type: Gravity *Dload, op=NEW, amplitude=ramp-to-one wholediaper, GRAV, 0.00981, 1., 0., 0. ** ** FIELDS - dry absorbent properties ** ** Name : Sat_abs_j?rops_rl Type : Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=hold_const absorbent-rl, 0. ** Name: Sat_abs_props_r2 Type: Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=hold__const absorbent-r2, 0. ** ** OUTPUT REQUESTS ** *Restart, write, number interval=l, time marks=N0 ** ** FIELD OUTPUT: F-Output-1 ** *Output, field, variable=PRESELECT * * ** HISTORY OUTPUT: H-Output-1 ** *Output, history, variable=PRESELECT *End Step **

** ** STEP: Move to standing - dry ** *Step, name=Step-8-standl move to standing *Dynamic, Explicit , 1000. *Bulk Viscosity 0.06, 1.2 ** ** BOUNDARY CONDITIONS - movement of torso ** ** Name: abduction Type: Connector displacement ** Applies To: hip-joint *Connector Motion, amplitude=ramp-to-zero _abduction_CnSet_, 4, 0.524 _abduction_CnSet_, 5, 1.35 _abdu.ction_CnSet_, 6 ** ** LOADS - initial gravity level ** ** Name: Diaper_grav Type: Gravity *Dload, Op=NEW, amplitude=hold_const wholediaper, GRAV, 0.00981, 1., 0., 0. ** ** FIELDS - dry absorbent properties ** ** Name: Sat_abs__props_rl Type: Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=hold_const absorbent-rl, 0. ** Name : Sat_abs_j?rops_r2 Type : Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=hold_const ** ** OUTPUT REQUESTS ** *Restart, write, number interval=l, time marks=N0 ** ** FIELD OUTPUT: F-Output-1 ** *Output, field, variable=PRESELECT ** ** HISTORY OUTPUT: H-Output-1 ** *Output, history, variable=PRESELECT *End Step **

** ** STEP: Addition of fluid *Step, name=Step-9-fluidl *Dynamic, Explicit , 1000. *Bulk Viscosity 0.06, 1.2 ** ** LOADS - initial gravity and gravity due to fluid loading ** ** Name: Diaper_grav Type: Gravity *Dload, op=NEW, amplitude=hold_const wholediaper, GRAV, 0.00981, 1., 0., 0. ** Name: Saturation_Load_Rl Type: Gravity *Dload, Op=NEW, amplitude=ramp-to-one absorbent-rl, GRAV, 0.02534, 1., 0., 0. ** ** FIELDS - changing absorbent properties in region one ** ** Name: Sat_abs_j?rops_rl Type: Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=ramp-to-one absorbent-rl, 1. ** Name : Sat_abs_jprops_r2 Type : Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=hold_const absorbent-r2, 0. ** ** OUTPUT REQUESTS ** *Restart, write, number interval=l, time marks=N0 ** ** FIELD OUTPUT: F-Output-1 ** *0utput, field *Node Output U, V, A, RF *Element Output S, E, PE, PEEQ, LE, TEMP, FV *Contact Output CSTRESS, CFORCE ** ** HISTORY OUTPUT: H-Output-1 ** *Output, history, variable=PRESELECT *End Step **

** Repeated motion steps in wet condition **

** ** ** STEP: Relaxation Step ** *Step, name=Step-12-relax relax *Dynamic, Explicit , 1000. *Bulk Viscosity 0.06, 1.2 ** ** LOADS - initial gravity and gravity due to fluid loading ** ** Name: Diaper_grav Type: Gravity *Dload, op=NEW, amplitude=hold_const wholediaper, GRAV, 0.00981, 1., 0., 0. ** Name: Saturation_Load_Rl Type: Gravity *Dload, op=NEW, amplitude=hold_const absorbent-rl, GRAV, 0.02534, 1., 0., 0. ** ** FIELDS - wet absorbent properties in region one ** ** Name: Sat_abs_props_rl Type: Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=hold_const absorbent-rl, 1. ** Name : Sat_abs_jprops_r2 Type : Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=hold_const absorbent-r2, 0. ** Name: contract-elastic Type: Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=ramp-temp leg_flap_elatic, -0.5 ** Name: contract-waist-elas Type: Temperature *Temperature, amplitude=ramp-temp waist_elastics, -0.35238 ** ** OUTPUT REQUESTS ** *Restart, write, number interval=l, time marks=N0 ** ** FIELD OUTPUT: F-Output-1 ** *Output, field, variable=PRESELECT ** ** HISTORY OUTPUT: H-Output-1 ** *Output, history, variable=PRESELECT *End Step