The subject matter of the invention concerns the method of generating electromotive force in an electric machine with rotating magnetic dipoles and an electric machine to implement this method.

There is known a solution of the electric machine described in the patent specification No. DE 19852650 having a casing comprising two opposite co-axial disc elements with the same outer diameters, with rolling bearings placed centrally and the machine shaft positioned through them, with the inner space of the casing closed with the cylindrical cover placed on the outer edges of its disc elements. In the middle of the casing, three round ferromagnetic plates are located, evenly spaced and rigidly fixed to the machine shaft. On both external ferromagnetic plates there are pointing inward permanent magnets in the form of circular sectors that completely fill the accessible surface of these plates. Streams of magnetic fields of permanent magnets are oriented perpendicularly to the surface of ferromagnetic plates, magnetic poles of neighboring magnets are oriented alternately, and their magnetic circuits are closed locally, on the one side by ferromagnetic material of appropriate external ferromagnetic plates on which these magnets are embedded on the other side, through the air gap between the magnets and the ferrorriagetic material of the central ferromagnetic plate. In both air gaps there is a winding of the machine, the bundle of which is formed in V shape as many times as the number of permanent magnets on each side, and the angle of opening of individual winding bundles corresponds to the angle of edges of individual permanent magnets. The winding bundle passes from the air gap on one side of the central ferromagnetic, plate to the second air gap on the other side of the plate, and is parallel to the magnet planes, covering a central ferromagnetic plate on both sides. The' winding boundle is moved a short distance from the central plate as well as from the surface of the permanent magnets. The winding is fastened to the cylindrical cover of the casing in places of the upper bending of the boundle. The known electric machine can function as an alternating current generator as well as, after proper modification of the winding, it may function of a synchronous motor. Its operation is based on the rotary motion of the plates mounted on the shaft and the permanent magnets connected with them, which generate a whirling magnetic field streams that act inductively on the stationary winding of the machine. >

Patent specification No. PL 172452 describes a permanent magnet synchronous machine, equipped with a stator comprising two separate coaxial ferromagnetic cores with an armature winding, between which there is a multipolar ring-shaped field magnet with permanent magnets located on the rotor. The stator cores have on one of their side surfaces, facing the active surface of the field magnet, the same teeth and grooves grouped in symmetrically distributed circumferential phase sectors. Radial symmetry axes of teeth adjacent to each other and belonging to the same phase sector are shifted from each other by an angle equal to the double pole pitch value of the field magnet. The radial symmetry planes of the corresponding teeth located in the phase sectors of the cores on the opposing sides of the field magnet are shifted from each other by an angle equal to the field magnet pole pitch. The sides of the armature winding coils are positioned in the intersectoral grooves located between the extreme sectoral teeth belonging to the peripheral neighboring phase sectors. The armature winding is composed of arched coils. The coil span is equal to the span of one phase sector.

The active sides of the coils lie in the intersectoral grooves, and the end connections are arranged along the circumference of the cores. In the intersectoral grooves, toroidal coils may be wound around the entire cross section of the core. The armature winding can be placed on both cores or only on one of them. In addition, an electro-magnetic system that performs the reversible function of an electric generator and an electric motor, which is intended for mounting in an assembly of a car wheel hub is known from US Pat. No. 7,902,708.

On the hub axle there is a central gear that is meshed with four the same gears spaced 90 ° apart. On these wheels there is a ring toothed on the inside, passing through the centers located at 90 ° four bundles of windings of electric magnetic units, the ends of which are led to the four associated output systems. The said ring is divided into an even number of alternating sections, half of which have their own permanent magnetic field, and the other half is devoid of such a field. The ring coupled with the hub axis causes during the movement of the vehicle the creation of electromotive force in the windings of the electro-magnetic units - if the device is used as a generator or after supplying energy from an external power source- the device works as a motor supporting the drive system or braking system.

The electric machine solutions, as part of prior art, are characterized by the classical mechanical power transmission via an axially placed drive shaft. This method is widely used in many designs of engines and generators. However, in some energy facilities, such as, for example, small, home wind farms, it may be appropriate to use tubular masts for windmills as load-bearing structures for integrated current generators. The implementation of this assumption is shown in the solution according to the indention. In the case of windmills, it is possible to coaxially place the power generator on the windmill mast or on another tubular component. In other machine applications, as an electric generator or motor, due to the longitudinal shape and possible relatively small diameter, the device can be placed in difficult to access, various narrow spaces of the objects.

The method of generating the electromotive force according to the invention consists in that the magnetic dipoles formed in the annular tube are rotated inside of a toroid formed of at least one stator winding so that the magnetic field lines of the magnetic dipoles in their rotary motion intersect the windings of the stator winding, inducing an electromotive force therein. The rotation of the magnetic dipoles takes place by affecting the tube formed from them, preferably by a transmission belt surrounding it, driven from an external source of torque. The electric machine according to the invention has a toroidal carcass, preferably with a rectangular cross-section, consisting of an outer wall and an inner wall, which are connected to each 'other on both sides by means of connecting elements, preferably in the form of two identical rings. Inside the carcass, there is a rotatable element in the form of a tube with an annular section with magnetic dipoles distributed along its perimeter, bearing supported in relation to the outer wall and / or the inner wall. Magnetic field lines of magnetic dipoles are ordered in planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotating element. Across the carcass toroid there are bundles of windings covering it. In addition, preferably at the perimeter of the outer wall there are separated two areas free from the windings through which the closed loop of the transmission belt is conducted, which surrounds the rotating element on the side and the outer pulley on the other side.

The method and the electric machine according to the invention are used, in particular, in local wind energy facilities as a generator of electric energy and in the form of an electric motor for driving light objects such as electric drone. The subject matter of the invention can also be used as a device to conduct the reversible function of the generator and the motor in electric vehicles.

The subject matter of the invention is shown in the example in the figures, in which Fig. 1 shows the reference drawing of the machine, Fig. 2 - its orthogonal projection of the side to reveal the rotating element bearing support, Fig. 3 shows a rotating element in an axonometric view, Fig. 4 is an exploded view of the carcass , while Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show attachment of longitudinal connecting elements to the outer rings and inner rings, respectively.

The electric machine has a toroidal carcass 1 in the form of a cylindrical cage, consisting of an outer wall 2 and a centrally located inner wall 3, which are connected to each other at both edges by means of annular connecting elements 4a and 4b with a cross-shaped profile U. The outer wall 2 consists of two circular outer rings 5a and 5b, connected to each other by three evenly spaced longitudinal external elements 6 in the form of metal angles. Their flattened ends are attached to outer rings 5a and 5b via insulating washers 7 by means of external screws 8. Similarly, inner wall 3 is constructed of two circular inner rings 9a and 9b connected to each other by three equally spaced longitudinal inner elements 10 in the form of metal angles. Their flattened ends are attached to the inner rings 9a and 9b via insulating washers 1 1 by means of internal screws 12. The use of the insulating washers 7 and 1 1 is to prevent the formation of short circuits, respectively between the longitudinal external elements 6 and the longitudinal inner elements 10. The connecting elements 4a and 4b are arranged tightly between the edges of the outer rings 5a and 5b and the edges of the inner rings 9a and 9b, and are permanently connected to these rings with metal screws not shown in the figure. Inside the carcass 1 , at an equal distance from the outer wall 2 and the inner wall 3, a rotating element 14 is arranged, which is bearing supported on both sides with respect to the inner wall 3 by means of rolling bearings 13a and 13b, seated between the edges of the inner surface of the rotating element 14, and both inner rings 9a and 9b. The rotating element 14 is in the form of an aluminum pipe with an annular section and is divided into a drive part and a magnetically active part. The drive part is a slightly concave transfer belt track 15 placed on the circumference of this element, while the magnetically active part consists of magnetic dipoles 16 in the form of sets of neodymium magnets glued on this element. The magnetic field lines of the magnets are ordered in unidirectional planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotating element 14. Along the perimeter of the carcass 1 , between the outer elements 6 and respectively, between the inner elements 10, transverse winding bundles 17 are included. In addition, at the circumference of the carcass 1 , two free of winding bundles locations are sectioned 17, through which a closed loop of the transfer belt 18 is conducted. It encircles the track of the transfer belt 15 and the outer pulley 19, enabling transmission of the drive, depending on the machine application, from the external drive system to the rotating element 14 - in the case of using the machine as the generator, or from the rotating element 14 for external load - in the case of using the machine as the engine. The machine shown in the example is designed to work as a generator. It is driven by a transfer belt 18, transmitting rotary motion from the external pulley 19 to the transfer belt track 15 of the rotating element 14. The rotational magnetic dipoles induce in the winding boundles 17 distributed on the carcass periphery 1 electromotive forces with a value proportional to the sum of the length of individual windings in the magnetic field of magnetic dipoles, the angular velocity of the rotating element 14 and magnetic induction stream at magnetic permeability, i.e. the air, close to unity. The winding packages 17 are arranged flat between adjacent external elements 6 and, respectively, adjacent internal elements 10, as close as possible to the rotating element 14. This is to maintain the minimum air gap between the magnetic dipoles and the winding packages 17, resulting in maximum coupling between them. The outer edges of the outer elements 6 and, respectively, the outer edges of the inner elements 10 are at the same time the support bases for, not shown in the picture, the outer casing and the inner casing of the machine structure.

An advantage of the machine solution according to the invention is the possibility of relatively free forming of its dimensions in terms of the ratio of the width of the structure to its length, which makes it possible to adapt the machine to individual design needs depending on its destination. It is also possible to directly embed the machine according to the invention on masts of small home wind turbines - in the case of its use as an electric current generator. Another advantageous feature of the machine is its relatively small weight in relation to dimensions, which results from the use of a minimum amount of steel elements in the construction, including the lack of a stator's ferromagnetic core. This advantage prefers the solution of an electric machine according to the invention for applications in light flying and floating objects, e.g. air and water drones.