JUNG, Gun Kie (110-409 Woosung Apt, 5-4 270 Hagye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-230, KR)
Claims
[1] A method for generating a high temperature using a cavitation, wherein a fluid, introduced into first and second rotary units, rotating in opposite directions, through respective inlet ports thereof, passes both through a plurality of inclined through holes formed in first and second rotary tubs of the first rotary unit and a plurality of inclined through holes formed in first and second rotary tubs of the second rotary unit, the rotary tubs of the rotary units being positioned opposite each other received in an annular space, and collides on discs having rough surfaces of the rotary units, thus forming air bubbles, which then explode, wherein formation and explosion of air bubbles are repeated while the fluid passes through the inclined through holes located in a multilayered structure of the rotary tubs of the first and second rotary units, so that the fluid absorbs thermal energy and is discharged outside a cylindrical housing through an outlet port thereof.
[2] An apparatus for generating a high temperature using a cavitation, comprising: a cylindrical housing, which is open at opposite ends thereof so as to oppositely receive first and second rotary units at the opposite open ends and has an outlet port in a circumferential surface thereof so as to discharge a fluid outside the housing; and the first and second rotary units, in each of which a first rotary tub and a second rotary tub, respectively having a plurality of inclined through holes, are concentrically mounted to a disc, having an inlet port, such that an annular space is defined between the first and second rotary tubs, wherein the first and second rotary tubs of each of the first and second rotary units are alternately received in the annular space of an opposite rotary unit and, when the first and second rotary units are rotated in opposite directions, a fluid passes through the through holes in the first and second rotary units.
[3] The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the through holes formed in each of the first and second rotary tubs of the first and second rotary units are inclined in directions opposite to inclination directions of the through holes formed in an adjacent rotary tub.
[4] The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second rotary tubs of the first and second rotary units is provided on a surface thereof with a plurality of protrusions, which are configured to have hemispherical, cubic or pyramid shapes.
[5] The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second rotary tubs of the first and second rotary units is provided with a rough surface, which is formed to resemble sand spread on the surface or through knurling.
[6] The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second rotary tubs of the first and second rotary units is provided on a surface thereof with embossments.
[7] The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each of the first and second rotary tubs of the first and second rotary units is configured to have a truncated conical shape.
[8] The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein each of the through holes is configured to have a rectangular shape.
[9] The method according to claim 2, wherein the fluid passes through the through holes at a flowing speed of 20,000~40,000mm/s. |
Description
METHOD FOR GENERATING HIGH TEMPERATURE USING CAVITATION AND APPARATUS THEREOF
Technical Field
[1] The present invention relates, in general, to methods and apparatuses for generating a high temperature using cavitation and, more particularly, to a method and apparatus for generating a high temperature using cavitation, in which, according to the theory whereby fluid pressure on the surface of an object moving in a fluid at a high speed is reduced, the temperature of a fluid is raised by cavitation generated in a fluid introduced into rotary units rotating in opposite directions. Background Art
[2] Generally, a boiler system, which has been typically used as an apparatus for heating rooms and supplying hot water, is configured to heat water to a predetermined temperature, thus making hot water, and supply the hot water through a hot water supply pipe, thus heating rooms using the radiant heat of the hot water prior to recovering the water using a circulation pump. Thus, the boiler system has a close relationship with the life of modern people because it is widely used as an apparatus for heating rooms and supplying hot water to homes and as a power source for generating power required for industrial activity in a plurality of industrial fields.
[3] In recent years, according to an improvement in the technique, boilers having improved performance and configured to be easily manipulated have been proposed, but they have complicated constructions, thus requiring highly skilled workers to install, manage and repair them. Further, the importance of effective heat treatment for the incidental facilities and fuels of the boilers gathers strength.
[4] To date, the basic concept of boilers, in which each boiler provides a heat source using fuel oil, fuel gas or electricity, heats rooms and supplies hot water using a circulation pump has not been changed, but a reduction in the fuel consumption of boilers and an improvement in the performance of circulation pumps have been activ ely studied.
[5] Thus, a conventional boiler has a system in which a gas or oil boiler heats water using a combustion chamber and an electric boiler heats water using a heating unit and, thereafter, hot water produced by the boiler, regardless of the type thereof, is circulated by a circulation pump.
[6] In an effort to improve the above-mentioned construction of a conventional boiler,
Korean U.M. Registration Number 393281 and Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication Number 2006-115302 proposed boilers. In each of the boilers disclosed in Korean U.M. Registration Number 393281 and Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication Number 2006-115302, a plurality of through holes capable of increasing the volume of a chamber are formed between a stator and a cylindrical protrusion of a rotor, or are formed both in the stator and in the cylindrical protrusion of the rotor. When the rotor is rotated at a high speed, heat is produced by friction between fluid molecules in the through holes, so that the boilers can heat gas or fluid to a predetermined temperature using the frictional heat of the fluid molecules without using an external heat source.
[7] Fbwever, it is noted that each of the boilers disclosed in Korean U.M. Registration
Number 393281 and Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication Number 2006-115302 heats a fluid through adiabatic compression and isothermal expansion. Further, in the second step shown in FIG. 2 of Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication Number 2006-115302, vortices are produced in gaps. This is based on vortex theory, and produces heat while repeating the process from the first step to the fourth step. Fbwever, the technique of producing heat using the vortex theory is problematic in that it has low thermal efficiency.
[8] Each of Russian Patent Application Number 2002119773/06 (filed on July 22, 2002 and entitled "Cavitation- Vortex Heat Generator") and Russian Patent Application Number 2004120521/06 (filed on July 5, 2004 and entitled "Cavitation-Turbulent Heat Generator") proposed a technique of generating cavitation using a plurality of through holes located outside a rotary disc. However, the Russian patents are problematic in that the rotary disc is oriented vertically, so that there is a high difference between the rotating speed of the inside holes and that of the outside holes, and in that a method of increasing the surface area capable of producing cavitation is required. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem
[9] Accordingly, the present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the construction of the related art, and is intended to provide method and apparatus for generating a high temperature using cavitation, which provides high thermal efficiency, is environment-friendly, improves convenience of maintenance and management of a thermal engine, improves the convenience of use of the apparatus, removes dangerous elements, and reduces costs. Technical Solution
[10] In an aspect, the present invention provides a method for generating a high temperature using cavitation, wherein a fluid, introduced into first and second rotary units, rotating in opposite directions, through respective inlet ports thereof, passes both through a plurality of inclined through holes formed in first and second rotary tubs of the first rotary unit and through a plurality of inclined through holes formed in first and second rotary tubs of the second rotary unit, the rotary tubs of the rotary units being positioned opposite each other in an annular space, and collides on discs having rough surfaces of the rotary units, thus forming air bubbles, which then explode, wherein the formation and explosion of air bubbles are repeated while the fluid passes through the inclined through holes located in a multilayered structure of the rotary tubs of the first and second rotary units, so that the fluid absorbs thermal energy and is discharged outside a cylindrical housing through an outlet port thereof.
[11] In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for generating a high temperature using cavitation, comprising: a cylindrical housing, which is open at opposite ends thereof so as to oppositely receive first and second rotary units at the opposite open ends and has an outlet port in a circumferential surface thereof so as to discharge a fluid outside the housing; and the first and second rotary units, in each of which a first rotary tub and a second rotary tub, respectively having a plurality of inclined through holes, are concentrically mounted to a disc, having an inlet port, such that an annular space is defined between the first and second rotary tubs, wherein the first and second rotary tubs of each of the first and second rotary units are alternately received in the annular space of an opposite rotary unit and, when the first and second rotary units are rotated in opposite directions, a fluid passes through the through holes in the first and second rotary units.
Advantageous Effects
[12] As described above, the method and apparatus for generating a high temperature using cavitation according to the present invention produces a high temperature fluid through cavitation generated in a fluid introduced into rotary units rotating in opposite directions according to the theory whereby fluid pressure on the surface of an object moving in a fluid at a high speed is reduced, thus providing high thermal efficiency, being environment-friendly, improving the convenience of maintenance and management of a thermal engine, improving the convenience of use of the apparatus, removing dangerous elements, and reducing costs. Brief Description of the Drawings
[13] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the construction of a high temperature generating apparatus adapting the technique of the present invention;
[14] FIG. 2 is a front sectional view illustrating the construction of the high temperature generating apparatus adapting the technique of the present invention;
[15] FIG. 3 is a sectional view illustrating an assembly of rotary units, which are important elements of the present invention;
[16] FIG. 4 through FIG. 8 are views illustrating the shapes of the surfaces of the rotary tubs constituting the rotary units, which are important elements of the present invention;
[17] FIG. 9 is a view illustrating an example of locations of cavitations generated around the rotary tubs when the rotary units, which are important elements of the present invention, are operated;
[18] FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 are views illustrating the shapes of holes formed in the rotary tubs, which are important elements of the present invention;
[19] FIG. 12 is a view illustrating another embodiment of the present invention;
[20] FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating the relationship between a cavitation index and a flow rate; and
[21] FIG. 14 is a sectional view illustrating the path of a fluid flow when fluid passes through the holes formed in the rotary tubs of the present invention. Mode for the Invention
[22] Hereinbelow, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[23] FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the construction of a high temperature generating apparatus adapting the technique of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front sectional view illustrating the construction of the high temperature generating apparatus adapting the technique of the present invention. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the technique by which a high temperature is generated using cavitation according to the present invention is realized by a method in which an inlet fluid, introduced into the high temperature generating apparatus through respective inlet ports 11 and 21 of first and second rotary units 10 and 20, which are oppositely fitted into an annular space 40 and are rotated in opposite directions, passes through a plurality of inclined through holes 10a- 1, 10b- 1, 2Oa-I and 2Ob-I of rotary tubs 10a, 10b, 20a and 20b of the first and second rotary units 10 and 20. After the inlet fluid passes through the through holes, the fluid collides on respective discs 12 and 22 of the two rotary units 10 and 20, thus generating air bubbles. The air bubbles pass through the plurality of
arranged through holes 10a- 1, 10b- 1, 2Oa-I and 2Ob-I of the rotary tubs 10a, 10b, 20a and 20b and explode, so that the fluid absorbs thermal energy and becomes high temperature fluid. The high temperature fluid is discharged from the apparatus through an outlet port 31 of a cylindrical housing 30.
[24] The method according to the present invention is performed in the high temperature generating apparatus, which generates a high temperature using cavitation and comprises a cylindrical housing 30. The cylindrical housing 30 is open at opposite ends thereof so as to receive the rotary units 10 and 20 at opposite open ends and has the outlet port 31 in the circumferential surface thereof so as to discharge the high temperature fluid outside the housing 40. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, in each of the first and second rotary units 10 and 20, a first rotary tub 10a, 20a and a second rotary tub 10b, 20b, each having a cylindrical shape and respectively having a plurality of inclined through holes lOa-1, 2Oa-I, 10b- 1, 2Ob-I, are concentrically mounted to a disc 12, 22, having an inlet port 11, 21, such that an annular space 40 is defined between the two rotary tubs 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b. The first and second rotary tubs 10a, 10b, 20a, 20b of each of the first and second rotary units 10 and 20 are alternately received in the annular space 40 of an opposite rotary unit 10, 20. When the first rotary unit 10 and the second rotary unit 20 are rotated in opposite directions, the inlet fluid passes through the through holes lOa-1, lOb-1, 2Oa-I and 2Ob-I of the two rotary units 10 and 20.
[25] As shown in FIG. 12, the shape of the first rotary tubs 10a and 20a and the second rotary tubs 10b and 20b may be modified into a truncated conical shape instead of the cylindrical shape. Further, it is preferred that the plurality of inclined through holes be formed in the first rotary tubs and the second rotary tubs such that the through holes of each rotary tub are inclined in directions opposite the inclination directions of the through holes formed in an adjacent rotary tub. Further, the shape of each of the through holes may be configured to have a circular shape, as shown in the drawings of the preferred embodiment. Fbwever, as shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the shape of the through holes may be modified to a rectangular shape or an oval shape.
[26] As shown in FIGS. 4 through FIG. 8, the surface of each of the first rotary tubs 10a and 20a and the second rotary tubs 10b and 20b of the rotary units 10 and 20 is configured to have a rough surface, which is formed by protrusions provided on the surface. The protrusions may be formed as if hemispherical or cubic sand were spread on the surface. Alternatively, the protrusions formed on the surface of each rotary tub may be realized through knurling or by forming pyramids on the surface. As a further alternative, the protrusions formed on the surface of each rotary tub may be realized by
embossments formed on the surface. The reason why the first rotary tubs 10a and 20a and the second rotary tubs 10b and 20b are configured to have rough surfaces is that the rough surfaces increase the efficiency of generation of cavitation in the fluid by 50% or more.
[27] Hereinbelow, the operation and effect of the present invention having the above- mentioned construction will be described. As shown in FIG. 2 through FIG. 9, when the high temperature generating apparatus of the present invention is operated, the first and second rotary tubs 10a and 10b of the first rotary unit 10 and the first and second rotary tubs 20a and 20b of the second rotary unit 20, which are alternately inserted into the annular spaces 40 of opposite rotary units 10 and 20, are rotated in opposite directions and, at the same time, fluid is introduced into the apparatus through the inlet ports 11 and 21 of the two rotary units 10 and 20.
[28] In the above state, the through holes 10a- 1, 10b- 1, 2Oa-I and 2Ob-I of the rotary tubs are configured to have inclination angles (gradient), thus increasing the flowing speed of the fluid. Compared to vertical through holes, the inclined through holes lOa-1, lOb-1, 2Oa-I and 2Ob-I increase the flowing speed of the fluid by 5-10%.
[29] The fluid pressure on the surfaces of the rotary tubs moving at high speeds in the inlet fluid is reduced. In the above state, when the fluid pressure is reduced to be lower than the saturated vapor pressure of the fluid, vapor may be generated from the fluid or air may escape from the water, thus producing air bubbles and generating cavitation.
[30] In the present invention, the process of generating the cavitation is executed as follows. An inlet fluid, which has been introduced into the rotary units 10 and 20 through respective inlet ports 11 and 21, passes through the through holes 10a- 1 in the first rotary tub 10a of the first rotary unit 10. In the above state, the fluid, which has passed through the through holes 10a- 1 in the first rotary tub 10a of the first rotary unit 10, may pass through or may not pass through the through holes 2Oa-I of the first rotary tub 20a of the second rotary unit 20 according to the positional relationship between the through holes 10a and 20a. As shown in FIG. 14, when the through holes lOa-1 in the first rotary tub 10a of the first rotary unit 10 are instantaneously aligned with the through holes 2Oa-I of the first rotary tub 20a of the second rotary unit 20, the fluid, which flows from the through holes 10a- 1 in the first rotary tub 10a of the first rotary unit 10, can pass through the through holes 2Oa-I in the first rotary tub 20a of the second rotary unit 20 due to fluid pressure.
[31] Fbwever, when the through holes 10a- 1 in the first rotary tub 10a of the first rotary unit 10 are not aligned with the through holes 2Oa-I in the first rotary tub 20a of the
second rotary unit 20, the fluid, which flows from the through holes 10a- 1 in the first rotary tub 10a of the first rotary unit 10, collides with the surface of the rotary tub 20a of the second rotary unit 20. Here, because the rotary unit 20 is configured to have a rough surface, as shown in FIG. 4, the fluid is dispersed and produces air bubbles.
[32] Thus, the fluid, which flows from the through holes 10a- 1 in the first rotary tub 10a of the first rotary unit 10, may produce air bubbles in the gap between the first rotary tub 10a of the first rotary unit 10 and the first rotary tub 20a of the second rotary unit 20. The air bubbles produced in the gap are instantaneously exploded due to pressure.
[33] The repeated instantaneous formation and explosion of air bubbles in the apparatus is called "cavitation" in the present invention. Such generated cavitations having small sizes are integrated with each other, thus forming large-sized cavitations. When the size of a large-sized cavitation has been increased to a predetermined limit size or when the pressure of the large-sized cavitation is increased to a saturated vapor pressure, the cavitation explodes. In the above state, the pressure inside the cavitation is equal to or higher than about l,000atm and the temperature inside the cavitation is equal to or higher than 5,000 0 C, so that the cavitation can make the fluid become a high temperature fluid.
[34] The generation of cavitation is sensitive to variation in the flowing speed of the fluid.
That is, the generation of cavitation is increased in proportion to the flowing speed of the fluid until the flowing speed reaches a predetermined speed. However, if the flowing speed exceeds the predetermined speed, the generation of cavitation is reduced.
[35] For example, as shown in FIG. 13, the cavitation is initially generated at the time at which the flowing speed of the fluid has reached 10,000mm/s. Fbwever, after the flow speed exceeds 45,000mm/s, the generation of cavitation is reduced. Thus, it is noted that the apparatus has maximum operational efficiency within a flowing speed range of 20,000~40,000mm/s.
[36] Compared to rotary units having smooth surfaces, the rotary units configured to have rough surfaces, as described above, increase the flow speed of the fluid by 3% or more under the condition in which the rotating speeds of the rotary units are maintained at the same speeds as those of the rotary units having the smooth surfaces.
[37] Reviewing the theory thereof, the initial conditions for the generation of cavitation have a close relationship with a Reynolds number. The relationship between the Reynolds number Re, which is a dimensionless number, and the flow speed V(m/s) of the fluid, the diameter D(m) of a pipe and the coefficient of kinetic viscosity v(m7s) of
the fluid is expressed by the equation 1. [38] Equation 1
[39] VD
Re = v
[40] Wherein the value of Re exceeds 4000, the fluid always flows in a turbulent flow. As the value of Re is increased, cavitation can efficiently occur. The value of Re has the closest relationship with the flowing speed of the fluid. Further, when the cavitation index is defined as follows and the relationship between the cavitation index and the flowing speed of the fluid is investigated through experimentation, it is noted that, as shown in the graph of FIG. 13 and expressed by the equation 2, the generation of cavitation increases in proportion to the increase in the flowing speed of the fluid in the same manner as in the relationship between the cavitation index and the flowing speed of the fluid.
[41] Equation 2
[42] p p
>vl
[43] wherein σ: cavitation index, Poo: fluid pressure, V∞: fluid flowing speed, p: fluid density and PV: saturated vapor pressure of fluid [44] As shown in FIG. 9 through FIG. 14, the fluid, which has passed both through the first and second rotary tubs of the first rotary unit 10 and through the first and second rotary tubs of the second rotary unit 20 while repeatedly generating cavitation, is temporarily received in the cylindrical housing 30 and is discharged outside the apparatus through the outlet port 31. [45] Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the first and second rotary tubs of each of the first and second rotary units may be configured as cylindrical tubs or truncated conical tubs.
Here, the comparison of the surface areas between a disc, a cylindrical tub and a truncated conical tub are as follows. [46] Surface area of a disc = πr2
[47] wherein π: the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter and r: radius
[48] Surface area of a cylindrical tub = 2πrd
[49] wherein d: width of the cylindrical tub
[50] Surface of a truncated conical tub = 1/2 R 2 θ - 1/2 r 2 θ wherein R: radius when the
conical tub is developed, θ: angle when the conical tub is developed, and r: radius of an upper circle of the truncated conical tub
[51] In the above equations expressing the surface areas, if r < 2d, in other words, when the width d is higher than r/2, it is possible to efficiently increase the surface area. Further, when a plurality of cylindrical tubs is arranged in an overlapping structure, the space inside the apparatus can be more efficiently used. Further, if the rotary tubs are configured as truncated conical tubs, the tubs can provide enlarged surface areas. Fbwever, the spatial utilization of the cylindrical tub is more efficient than that of the conical tub, and thus the cylindrical tub and the conical tub may be selectively used in the present invention according to the conditions.
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