Tijhuis, Willem (Kerkstraat 4a ED Nijverdal, NL-7442, NL)
Peddemors, Neeltje Aleida (Grote Maatweg 13 VN Wierden, NL-7642, NL)
Tijhuis, Willem (Kerkstraat 4a ED Nijverdal, NL-7442, NL)
| 1. | Method for removing mercury impurities from metal, comprising the steps of: treating the metal surface with a liquid containing a reducing agent; and rinsing the treated metal. |
| 2. | Method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal is immersed in the liquid containing a reducing agent. |
| 3. | Method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal is sprayed with the liquid containing a reducing agent. |
| 4. | Method as claimed in claims 13, wherein the liquid containing a reducing agent has a temperature of 30100°C, for instance 6095°C, more preferably 7590°C. |
| 5. | Method as claimed in claims 14, wherein the metal treated with reducing agent is subjected to an electrolysis. |
| 6. | Method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the electrolysis is performed at a negative voltage of10 to 80 V, preferably20 to60 V, more preferably30 to 50 V for preferably 560 minutes, more preferably 1050 minutes, such as 1030 minutes. |
| 7. | Method as claimed in claims 16, wherein the liquid containing a reducing agent and the rinsing liquid are cleaned and reused. |
| 8. | Method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the cleaning takes place by flocculation and sedimentation. |
| 9. | Method as claimed in claims 18, wherein the reducing agent contains a sulphite, such as sodium sulphite. |
| 10. | Plant for removing mercury impurities from metal, comprising: a treatment tank for treating the metal; means for treating the metal with liquid containing a reducing agent and with rinsing liquid; and tanks for receiving the liquid containing a reducing agent and the rinsing liquid. |
| 11. | Plant as claimed in claim 10, comprising means for performing an electrolysis in the treatment tank. |
| 12. | Plant as claimed in claim 10 or 11, wherein the treatment means comprise spraying means for spraying liquid on the metal. |
| 13. | Plant as claimed in claims 1012, wherein the treatment means comprise means for immersing the metal in the liquid containing a reducing agent. |
| 14. | Method as claimed in claims 19 or plant as claimed in claims 1013, wherein the metal comprises metal scrap, liquid tanks, such as for natural gas condensate, gas compressor parts. |
| 15. | Method or plant as claimed in claim 14, wherein the metal comprises the inner wall of a tank in which the cleaning method is performed. |
Metal which has come into contact with mercury- containing gases or liquids, such as natural gas condensate, have to be cleaned of the mercury as a result of this being absorbed in the metal. This generally means that the metal is melted down in a. melting furnace and the mercury is separated by mercury condensation. This is a process which uses much energy and, as a consequence of being melted down, the metal can moreover no longer be used in its original form.
The present invention has for its object to provide a method and plant for removing mercury impurities from metal which substantially does not have the above stated drawbacks, while the mercury impurities in the metal are reduced appreciably, for instance from 15-70 mg/cm2 to less than 0.010 mg/cm2. The process moreover has the advantage that substantially no (mercury) vapours are therein created, whereby the process is also less complicated.
The method for removing mercury impurities from metal is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: -treating the metal surface with a liquid containing a reducing agent; and -rinsing the treated metal.
The invention is based on the insight that the mercury present in the metal can be removed therefrom in relatively simple manner (not via the gas phase) by making use of liquid containing a reducing agent.
It is recommended to spray the metal with the reducing agent so that adhered impurities and impurities released from the metal can be easily removed. In
addition, it is recommended to immerse the metal temporarily in the liquid containing a reducing agent.
This has the additional advantage that, if an electrolysis must also be carried out, this electrolysis can take place while the metal is immersed in the liquid containing a reducing agent. In order to improve the activity of the reducing agent it is recommended to apply the liquid containing the reducing agent at increased temperature. These temperatures can lie above 100°C but, in order to avoid vapour formation as far as possible, this leads to a treatment under increased pressure. It is therefore recommended that the liquid containing a reducing agent has a temperature of 30-100°C, for instance 60-95°C, more preferably 75-90°C. An optimal practical temperature lies in the range of 81 to 83°C. It has moreover been established that by making use of this increased temperature the mercury exudates from the metal.
In order to cause the mercury cleaning to penetrate more deeply or to accelerate the cleaning, it is recommended that the metal treated with reducing agent be subjected to an electrolysis. In particular embodiments the electrolysis is performed at a negative (preferably direct) voltage of-10 to-80 V, preferably- 20 to-60 V, more preferably-30 to-50 V. The power used lies in the order of 200-2000 watt, preferably 500-1000 watt. The electrolysis can be performed in one treatment or in a number of partial treatments or pulses (2-30 pulses, preferably 5-20 pulses). Each pulse can be of 1- 20, preferably 2-10 seconds. The total time duration lies in the order of 0.5-60 minutes, more preferably 1-50 minutes, such as 5-30 minutes. The chosen values for the voltage, number of pulses and time duration depend on the degree of mercury contamination.
In order to avoid as far as possible the method producing large quantities of contaminated residual liquids, it is further recommended that the liquid containing a reducing agent and the rinsing liquid are
cleaned and reused. A good cleaning is obtained with relatively simple means and treatments if the cleaning takes place by flocculation and sedimentation.
An optimum reducing agent is found to be sulphite, in particular sodium sulphite. This sulphite can optionally be used in combination with a sulphide such as sodium sulphide. The relative mol ratio lies between 10: 1 and 1: 1, preferably 7: 1 and 3: 1, such as 5: 1. The reducing agent can be applied in relatively low concentrations such as 1-30% by weight, preferably 5-20W by weight, such as 10-15% by weight. In the case of sodium sulphite temperatures around 80-85°C are sufficient to achieve a good result within a time period of one hour.
Another aspect of the invention relates to plant for removing mercury impurities from metal. This plant comprises according to the invention: -a treatment tank for treating the metal; -means for treating the metal with liquid containing a reducing agent and with rinsing liquid; and -tanks for receiving the liquid containing the reducing agent and the rinsing liquid.
As stated above, it is further recommended that the plant comprises means for performing an electrolysis in the treatment tank, and/or spraying means for spraying liquid on the metal and/or means for immersing the metal in the liquid containing a reducing agent.
As mentioned above, a wide range of metals can be cleaned with the method and plant according to the invention.
Contaminated objects can for instance be processed to metal scrap which is then subjected to the method. It is however also possible to not first process objects to scrap but to subject them to the method as they are. Gas compressors and components such as housings thereof can be envisaged in this case. It is furthermore possible to treat liquid tanks which have been contaminated with mercury as a result of the contents
held therein. Of particular interest in this case is a liquid tank which is used to transport natural gas condensate.
The metal will generally be placed as scrap or as object parts in a tank which is then subjected in closed state to the different treatment steps according to the invention.
Mentioned and other features of the method and plant according to the invention will be further elucidated hereinbelow on the basis of two embodiments which are given only by way of example without the invention being deemed limited thereto. Reference is herein made to the annexed drawings, in which: figure 1 shows a flow diagram of a method and plant according to the invention for removing mercury from metal; figure 2 is a flow diagram showing the treatment of metal with liquid containing a reducing agent; figure 3 shows a flow diagram of the electrolysis process; figure 4 shows a flow diagram of the rinsing treatment; and figure 5 shows a variant of the process shown in figure 1.
Figure 1 shows an overview of the method and plant according to the invention for removing mercury from metal, in particular metal objects. The plant comprises a tank 1 which is provided at both its ends with displaceable walls whereby metal objects can be disposed in baskets or as such in tank 1. After the arrangement in tank 1, the treatment with liquid containing a reducing agent is carried out first.
Tanks 12 and 13 contain the liquid containing a reducing agent, in this case sodium sulphite in a concentration of 11% by weight. Tank 13 is provided with a heating spiral through which a liquid heated in heating unit 2 flows via conduits 13. The liquid containing a
reducing agent is fed from tank 13 to the spray pipes 33 disposed in tank 1 via the conduit 4 and high-pressure pump 5, at a pressure of for instance 120 bar, and valve 6.
The metal is sprayed under high pressure with liquid containing a reducing agent which via return conduit 7 is subsequently drained to a separating tank 11 via valve 8, pump 9 and conduit 10. Solids, including mercury compounds, are separated in separating tank 11 by sedimentation. The liquid is collected in tank 12 which is connected for liquid communication to tank 13. Tank 1 is likewise connected via a vapour line 16 and valve 15 to the two tanks 12 and 13. Spraying of the metal in tank 1 is carried out for roughly 30 minutes. The liquid containing a reducing agent herein retains its set temperature of about 82°C.
Return conduit 7 is then closed with valve 8 and tank 1 fills to a liquid level of about 80% of the tank volume so that all the metal for cleaning is immersed. The high-pressure pump 5 remains energized so that a rinsing movement is maintained in the liquid containing a reducing agent in tank 1. Once the desired liquid level has been reached in tank 1, liquid is again pumped via return conduit 7 to tanks 12 and 13 while mercury compounds formed in tank 11, such as mercury oxide and quicksilver, are separated. This treatment lasts about 40 minutes.
Electrolysis then takes place as shown in figure 3.
Electrodes 32 are disposed in tank 1. Using voltage source 31 a negative direct current at a voltage of 40 V is introduced into the liquid containing a reducing agent in tank 1. This electrolysis is performed for 15 minutes. The liquid is then drained from tank 1 via return conduit 7 and further rinsing takes place with liquid containing a reducing agent from tank 13 in order to discharge as many mercury impurities as possible from the metal arranged in tank 1.
This electrolysis has the purpose of largely removing from the metal the mercury present therein.
During the electrolysis oxygen is formed which additionally oxidizes the mercury impurities. The electrolysis process is performed for about 15 minutes.
Finally, the treated metal is rinsed in order to discharge residues of mercury impurities released from the metal. This rinsing process is shown in detail in figure 4. Water is supplied from clean water tank 17 via high-pressure pump 18, valve 19 and conduit 20 to the spray tubes disposed in tank 1. The water is fed back to tank 17 via conduit 7, valve 21, pump 22 and conduit 23.
This rinsing process lasts about 20 minutes. Provided for cleaning of the cleaning liquid is a tank 30 for treating the rinsing water. Water is fed from tank 17 via pump 26 and valve 27 to the tank 30 to which a flocculant, such as iron (III) chloride, is added. A coagulation is performed by increasing the pH to a value of for instance 7.5 to 8.5. The cleaned water is fed back via pump 29 to tank 17. The liquid can optionally be transferred in a manner not shown from tank 30 to tank 11 in order to carry out a sedimentation, possibly in the presence of further added polyelectrolyte.
The cleaning liquid, i. e. the sulphite liquid, can likewise be cleaned in a manner not shown in the tank 30.
Finally, figure 5 shows a method and plant corresponding with figure 1 for cleaning metal. In this case the electrolysis process is omitted because an adequate cleaning can take place by means of the treatment with the liquid containing a reducing agent.
It has been determined from experiments that, starting from metal with mercury impurities of 15 to 70 mg/cm2 in the process of figure 1, a decrease in the mercury concentration to less than 0.010 mg/cm2 can be achieved.
It was possible using the process of figure 5 to achieve the same result with metal having a lower initial concentration of mercury impurities.