Art Domain

The invention falls in area of methods for liquids purifying, especially fluids purifying, from harmful admixtures and microorganisms, and is possible to use for not only water purifying in natural reservoirs but in communal economy at water purifying or to purifying of municipal and industrial sewage water and sediments as well. Method for liquids purifying is also usable in energetic, chemistry and metallurgy at physic-chemical modification of all sorts of liquid media including melts and gases.

Present prior art

There is known a method of water conditioning by complex of electric incidence of electric fields with voltage reaching value of piercing current in sizes 1-100 kV/cm, as described in publication Jakovlev S.V.and colleagues " Technology of electro-chemistry water conditioning" (Leningrad, Strojizdat 1987, page 207). Disadvantage of this way of water purifying method is its low productivity, namely only 4Ol / hour at load 1kW and energy demand depending on quality of conditioned water from 0.1 to δkWhour/ m ³

There is also in knowledge method of water conditioning by ozonization according to publication Orlov V.A " Water ozonization" (Moscow, Strojizdat, 1984,page 89) where is mentioned that optimum dose of ozone is from 0,25 to 1 ,25 mg/liter, when his usage and mixing with water allows reducing of dose of used coagulants .In this way is possible to achieve quality of purifying, suitable for sanitary standard in standpoint of bacteria and viruses content.

Water purifying is possible to carry out by simultaneously proceeding electro-coagulation and electro-floatation, as mentioned for example in patent US 3,822,204, wherein liquid goes through described arrangement above tabular electrodes in lower part of electro- floater above its bottom. The electrodes gas bubbles then fetch up solid elements of impurities on surface of liquid. Contemporary electrochemical modification of liquids and electro- floatation is then described for example in patents US 3,893,900 or GB 1411388 and combination of electrochemical modification and ozonization for example in patent CZ 284039.

Mutual disadvantage of all featured methods and devices for purifying and water conditioning is their relatively low productivity, backwardness of continuance of purifying process and imperfection of coordination of synchronous continuance of gas-dynamic and electro-physical modification of liquid.

Essence of the invention

Increasing of the quality of purifying of small and big capacities of liquids from harmful pollutants and microorganisms at contemporary decrease of operating costs, solves method for liquids purifying, especially fluids purifying, from harmful admixtures and microorganisms by using aerating and incidence of electrical discharge. Essence of the invention is that purified liquid is remited to gas-dynamic dispersion by the help of air blasting, which is at first preliminary ionized in non-homogenous electrostatic field of coronary discharges, at voltage between electrodes in values from 3 to 80 kV and more, but not more than 10 millions V, at strength of current of coronae between electrodes in range of values 10 till 1000 mA and at specific load of electrical discharges in range of values from 0,1 to 1OkWh on 1m ³ Of conditioned fluid.

Further essence of the invention is that gas-dynamic dispersion of liquid is provided in canals sloping down below angles 30-50° to level of purified liquid at flow velocity of blasted air 10 to lOOm/s, at hydraulic resistance of canals in range of values from 1 ,5 to

1OkPa and at specific consumption of dispersed water from 0,1 to 30 kg on 1m ³ of blasted air.

Another essence of the invention is that blasted air is supported before ionization by reagents with high specific resistance exceeding values 10 ⁷ Ohm. cm, whose quantity of dosage varies between 1 to 100 g/m ³ of blasted air.

Finally is essence of the invention that reagents are chosen from groups CaO or SiO ₂ or AI ₂ O ₃ and that air blasting into purified water is realized by high-speed ventilator

Connection of gas-dynamic process of dispersion of conditioned water with electro- physic process of ionization of ventilator air, which disperses water, made possible removing of all diffusion speed limitation of process of physic-chemical interactions of the substances in liquid and gaseous phase. Further advantage is successful safe conditions for oxidation of harmful admixtures and destructed structures of microorganisms by highly active free radicals, atoms, and molecules of ozone and oxidized complex of oxygen and nitrogen atoms. Regarding to matter, that basic technical parameters of the process, mean flow speed of gas, regulation of liquid level high in used purifying device, voltage on electrodes and intensity of fluxion of coronary discharges between electrodes, are easily adjustable and controllable in wide scale of technical parameters combinations, method for purifying is possible to use and easily adapt to different capacities and level of liquid contamination. Because used processes of dispersion of conditioned water and processes of ionization of ventilator air by coronary electrical discharges are thermodynamically reliable, there is further increase of reliability of function and decrease of demands on operating and maintenance of used device. Inconsiderable contribution is then minimal consumption of reagents, whereby there is further decrease of expenses on purifying process.

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Description of the pictures on enclosed drawings

For illustration of introduced invention applied for purification of free levels of natural waters, such as lakes, ponds, dam reservoirs or rivers, is enclosed basic scheme of device for method application, wherein fig.1 is ground plan view of masked off arrangement whose body is created with hull of the vessel and fig.2 is transverse vertical cut of this device in level A-A.

Examples of carry out of the invention

Examplei :

For purification of surface layers of natural water in water reservoirs, where was detected excessive concentration of microorganisms, for example of anabaena and organic compounds with phosphorus content, phenols, and surface active substances, such as detergents, it is used floating type device, whereby is claimed method realized.

Described device is created with hollow oblong body 1, consisting of side walls 101 , bottom 102 procured with median gullet 103, from arrowy forward panel 104, tail panel 105 and upper removable lid 106, whereby is tank for realization of purifying process created. In front panel 104 there are two balanced head openings 107 allowing inflow of polluted water, in tail panel 105 and spouts 108 for outfall of purified water and in upper part of the side walls 101 sets of lateral windows 109. In the area of head opennings 107 is in the tank placed ventilator 2, procured partly with incoming neck 21 allowing supply of suctioned air and partly with reservoir 3 of the reagents. On air outlet from ventilator 2 is ionizer 4 placed, created by set of electrodes

41 , lined up on high voltage generator 5. Ionizer 4, mean his electrodes 41 , are placed in air chamber 6, inclosed in down direction with unpent shell 7, whose lower part is procured with crossway upwards sideway guided canals 71 sloped to horizontal level below angle 30-50° and delimited by upper barriers 72 and lower barriers 73. Above outfall of the canals 71 , collectors 8 of drops are set and beside outfall canals 71 are side walls 101 of the body 1 guided lateral chambers 110 created. Into lateral chambers 110 are by its suction branches 91 lead in pumps 9, by the help of these is purified water brought in into lower part of filters 10, created for example by granular filters with suctable coal of subbase high 0,5-2m and speed of filtration of 1m/min. Pure water is lead away form upper part of the filters 10 through spouts 108 back to water reservoir.

For realization of described device has been used moderated pressure ventilator 2 of load 60.000 m ³ /hour at exit pressure 5kPa, whose power consumption vary between values 80-85kW. As high voltage generator 5 has been used aggregates with supply voltage 380 V, high voltage to 8OkV, whereas current density for smooth coronary electrodes 41 has been leveled 0,08 - 0,1mA/m.

At water purification is air from ventilator 2 lead in between electrodes 41 of ionizer 4, which generate free electrons and free radicals, whose sate air. Then is air lead in canals 71 filled with polluted water in blow through way. At this blowing through at speed 10-100 m/s at specific consumption of dispersive water from 0,1 to 30 kg/m ³ , which depends on high of level in body 1 tank, water effectively disperses onto a large number of drops and foam with large active surface of liquid and gaseous phase interaction, when hydraulic resistance of canals 71 is 1.5-10 kPa. Used ventilator air goes through, through drops collectors 8 and then is lead away through lateral windows 109 of the body 1. Foam from oxygenated organic compounds and microorganisms is lead away out of upper part of lateral chambers 110 by the help of non- illustrated special pump to cultivation and sediments from inorganic harmful substances settled in median gullet 103 at bottom 102 of the body 1 is regularly removed by the help of as well non- illustrated sludge pump.

For the away of water purification processes by the help of reagents are coagulants, flocculants and adsorbents lead in ventilator air through reservoir 3, whose implicate increasing of concentration of free electrons in conditioned water pursuant to their adsorption on surface of solid adsorbents particles with high specific electric resistance in values more than 10 ⁷ Ohm.cm. Inside of canals 71 those particles transfer its electric charges for microorganisms and organic compound destruction and settle at the bottom 102, from where are like sediment drainaged.

Example 2

Technically modified device has been checked out for gas purification from aluminous electrolyzes of metallurgical factory by the help of solution Na ₂ CO ₃ , where capacity of purified gas was approximately 360m3/hour, temperature of gases incoming into device 42-50° C, temperature of gases coming out of device 18-25°C and hydraulic resistance of gases 0,94-2kPa. According to chemical analysis in the composition of purified gas has been found 32-92g/l Na ₂ CO ₃ , 7-60 g/l NaHCO ₃ and 18-30g/l NaF.

At analysis of purified gases then measured value of gas dustiness before entering of the device was 0,16 to 0,27g/m ³ and after passage through device in values 0,026 to 0,073 g/m ³ , which presents 85% level of dust and tar purification. At detection of HF content in gas, before entering of the device values were in range from 1 to 7 mg/m ³ and after passage through device values were from 0 to 0,88 mg/m ³ , which presents achievement of level of gas purification from HF 70 to 100%.

Example 3

Proposed method has been tested at gas purification from dust coal of steam producing steam boiler in quantity 40t/hour and heated up by glance coal. At this process, capacity of out coming gases was 100,000 m ³ /hour, starting

gas dustiness 12,29 to 35,8 g/m ³ and hydraulic resistance of device 1 ,4kPa and residual dustiness of out coming gases 0,160 to 0,276 g/m ³ . The level of gas purification is approximately equal to value of 99%.

Industrial application

Method for liquids purifying, especially fluids purifying, from harmful admixtures and microorganism according to the invention is possible to use for not only water purifying in natural reservoirs but in communal economy at water purifying or to purifying of municipal and industrial sewage water and sediments as well. Method for liquids purifying is also usable in energetic, chemistry and metallurgy at physic-chemical modification of all sorts of liquid media including melts and gases.