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Title:
METHOD FOR REMOVING COATING FROM LOW-E GLASSES WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE COATING
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2020/171793
Kind Code:
A2
Abstract:
The invention is related to an electro-chemical disposal/removal of the conductive coating (1b) from the glass (1a) surface in desired manners from the Low-e glasses which have an electrically conductive transparent coating on one surface, suitable for heat treatment (Heat Treatment Coated Glass) and tempering process (heat and chemical).

Inventors:
AYDEŞKİN MUSTAFA (TR)
Application Number:
PCT/TR2020/050135
Publication Date:
August 27, 2020
Filing Date:
February 21, 2020
Export Citation:
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Assignee:
AYDEŞKİN MUSTAFA (TR)
International Classes:
C03C17/36
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
MAKRO PATENT MARKA VE FIKRI HAKLAR DANISMANLIK ORGANIZASYON LIMITED SIRKETI (TR)
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Claims:
CLAIMS

1- Method for removing coating from the glasses (la) having an electrically conductive coating on one surface, characterized in that; it comprises the following process steps in order to remove/move away the coating (lb) from the glass (la) which is suitable for heat treatment (HeatTreatmentCoatedGlass) and tempering process by means of electrochemical and galvanic oxidation reaction:

performing masking process by the masking material (4) in order to determine the electrically conductive areas on the coating (lb) on the glass (la),

connecting CATHODE pole of DC electric power source to one edge of the glass (la) within the electrolyte fluid (2) outside the electrolyte fluid (2),

connecting the ANODE electric pole of DC electric power source by means of placing electrode metal to the electrolyte fluid in which the glass (la) is located, applying direct current based on the size of the area where the coating (lb) will be removed from the glass (la) surface.

2 Method for removing coating from the glasses (la) having an electrically conductive coating on one of its surface according to Claim 1, characterized in that; the electrode metal (3) which is connected with the Anode pole is an oxidizing agent and is mixed to the electrolyte fluid (2) by means of passing from the metallic state to the ionic state.

3 Method for removing coating from the glasses (la) having an electrically conductive coating on one of its surface according to Claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that; a reduction reaction occurs on the coating (lb) on the surface of the glass (la) to which the electrode ions in the electrolyte fluid (2) is connected to the cathode pole.

4 Method for removing coating from the glasses (lb) having an electrically conductive coating on one of its surface according to Claim 1 or claim 3, characterized in that; the electrode metal coated on the coating (lb) on the glass (la) gains noble metal characteristic.

5 Method for removing coating from the glasses (la) having an electrically conductive coating on one of its surface according to Claim 1 or claim 4, characterized in that; galvanic corrosion reaction is occurred between the coating (lb) on the glass (la) and the electrode metal (3).

6- Method for removing coating from the glasses (la) having an electrically conductive coating on one of its surface according to Claim 1 or claim 5, characterized in that; in galvanic corrosion reaction, it is continued to apply electricity to the electrode metal (3) and the glass (la) until the complete coating (lb) on the surface of the glass where masking is not performed is removed and is mixed to the electrolyte fluid (2).

7- Method for removing coating from the glasses (la) having an electrically conductive coating on one of its surface according to Claim 1 or claim 6, characterized in that; after the coating removal process, the masking material (4) is cleaned from the glass (la).

8- Electrode metal (3) according to Claim 1, characterized in that; electrode metals (3) which do not lead to passivation reaction on the glass (la) are used.

9- Electrode metal (3) according to Claim 1 and claim 8, characterized in that; tin metal which does not lead to passivation reaction on the glass (la) is used.

10- Electrode metal (3) according to Claim 1 and claim 8, characterized in that; lead metal which does not lead to passivation reaction on the glass (la) is used.

11- Electrode metal according to Claim 1 and claim 8, characterized in that; tin and lead metal alloys which do not lead to passivation reaction on the glass (la) are used.

12- Electrolyte fluid (2) according to Claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that;

electrolyte fluids (2) which comprises salt water or weak chemical bond providing electric transmission between the anode and cathode poles are used.

13- Electrolyte fluid (2) according to Claim 1 and claim 12, characterized in that;

vinegar which provides electric transmission between the anode and cathode poles is used.

14- Masking material (4) according to claim 1, characterized in that; masking chemicals according to the Rosh directives are used.

Description:
METHOD FOR REMOVING COATING FROM LOW-E GLASSES WITH ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE COATING

Technical Field The invention is related to an electro-chemical disposal/removal of the conductive coating from the glass surface in desired manners from the Low-e glasses which has an electrically conductive transparent coating on one surface, suitable for heat treatment (Heat Treatment Coated Glass) and tempering process (heat and chemical)

Transparent ITO (indium tin oxide) coatings are used in materials such as glass and film (PET, PVS, ABS, etc.) for providing electrical conductivity. Since this coating is costly, has limited physical and chemical resistance, in the present invention, it is disclosed a coating removal process from the glasses which have an electrically conductive transparent coating on one surface, suitable for heat treatment (Heat Treatment Coated Glass) and chemical tempering process. The commercial name of these glasses with better physical and chemical resistance than ITO coating is known as Low-e (low emission). Although there is a plurality of glass types with the same name, the only type which is suitable for heat treatment and chemical tempering is Low-e. In the present invention, Low-e glass which is suitable for heat treatment and chemical tempering is employed. When the invention is described below, the term Low-e refers to a Low-e glass type that is suitable for heat treatment and chemical tempering.

By means of the inventive method, it is aimed to remove the electrically conductive coating from Low-e glasses in desired level, shape, thickness and form and to be used as a capacitive touch panel, capacitive button, radio and radio antenna.

State of the Art Today, materials such as glass and film (PET, PVC, ABS, etc.) are used for the sensors such as the capacitive touch panel, capacitive button, radio and radio antenna etc. In order to provide electrical conductivity of the coating on these materials, it is required to have specific forms. Different techniques such as removing the coating or making a specific coating etc. are employed for this process. As a well-known method for removing the coating; there is an application No CN 102033650. After a silver coating is made on the ITO coating on the glass surface in this application, a masking with screen printing dried with infrared heaters and laser etching method is disclosed. Accordingly, on the ITO coating on the surface of the glass, a silver coating is made in a vacuumed and nitrogen filled environment. Subsequently, a protective coating is performed with the serigraphy on the areas which will not be etched so that the laser beam does not conduct any damage and dried in an infrared furnace. After this process, etching is performed by means of laser. In the etching process described here, +- 10 microns and 1 mm dimensions are mentioned.

Another well-known method is the application No CN 103914195. A laser etching process similar to the abovementioned method is disclosed in this application. A laser etching process is disclosed after the conductive ink coating is performed on the glass surface with ITO coating. Measures of 0,01 (100 microns) for the laser beam and implementation used and 0.1 mm (1000 microns) for the distance between two etching areas are provided.

Low-e glasses are used as an alternative to ITO glasses in the present application subject to the invention. Another coating is not performed on the glass for electrical conductivity. Electro-chemical method is used for the sections to be removed from the glass. Removal process of the coating with nano-sized thickness or coating disposal process in a manner such that coating with nano-sized thickness still remains, is performed. The coating removal process is performed in both tempered and non-tempered glasses. The laser etching method is a very expensive method compared to the present invention based on its high energy consumption and long process duration. Accordingly, the inventive method has distinctive characteristics compared to the abovementioned two methods.

The method which is known for removing coating from Low-e glass surface is the application No US 8927069. In this method, it is disclosed that the etching is performed by employing laser in certain forms and intervals in order to allow the passage of the Radio Frequency signals from the glass surface and thus the machine system therefor. Herein, the diameter of the laser used for the removal of the coating is between 10 to 200 microns. It is performed up to the nano-scale in our application. Little losses in the transparency of the glass are not important because it is aimed to perform etching for the passage of RF signals in this known method. However, loss of view is a critical issue for the capacitive sensor screen panels and buttons. For this reason, the smallest loss in the transparency of the glass leads to negative results. Therefore, by means of this known method, it is impossible to make capacitive sensing glasses. In our application, there is no change in the transparency of the glass. This known laser etching method is a long-lasting process. The laser machines are systems which have high energy consumption and precise settings. Also the tubes which constitute the laser beam cannot be recycled. For these reasons, the process of etching coating by means of laser is a system which is more expensive and energy consuming system compared to the method disclosed in our application. The coating removal process from the glasses subject to the heat treatment or chemical tempering cannot be performed with this known method. In the glasses subject to the heat treatment or chemical tempering, when any process which generates heat is applied, then it is knows that the glass is broken. Since there is no process in our application generating heat, in the glasses subject to heat treatment or chemical tempering and also in glasses on which no process is applied, the coating removal is performed.

Another known method is the coating method in specific forms in order to form conductive areas on the material (glass, film etc.) to be used. Another method which is known in relation to this is the application No US 6106681. In this application, coating with Indium oxide and tin oxide powders for providing conductive areas on the glass surface is disclosed. It is disclosed that masking is performed by means of an adhesive tape in the non-conductive areas and how the adhesive tape is cleaned after the coating is carried out.

There are distinctive differences between the present invention and this known method. There is no coating method with ITO or another conductive in our method. It is a method for forming conductive and insulative areas by using appropriate Low-e glasses with conductive coating to the heat treatment. The only process which is similar with the present invention is the adhesive tape used in the masking process. However, there are also differences here. The masking tape in our method is used for the protection of the areas which are required to be conductive during the electro-mechanical process. After the process is completed, it is directly removed and the product is completed. Specific washing methods for removing the adhesive tape are disclosed in the abovementioned known method. There are distinctive differences between said method and the inventive method.

Another method known is the application No US 2004014397. In this application, it is disclosed a removal of coating processes from the glass surface coated by ITO in order to form an electroluminescence light source. It is aimed to form conductive and insulative areas on the glass surface coated with ITO and to activate the electroluminescence light in a regional manner. Therefore, it is employed a tape which is cut in a manner such that it adheres on the ITO coating surface in order to protect the areas which will remain conductive. Subsequently, the coating is removed from the surface of the glass by means of physical abrasion substances. The areas subject to the abrasion process lose their transparency, since the abrasion method is used in this known method. Also, the areas where the process is applied are large. However, these do not prevent from reaching the aim of this known method.

ITO glass is not used in our application. Also the transparency of the glass does not change in the areas where the coating is removed. For this reason, in our application, transparent capacitive sensors and capacitive screens (touchscreen) are made. It is not possible with the abovementioned method. There are distinctive differences with these aspects.

Another method known is the application No US 2003011575. In this application, ITO coated films are separated by using laser for the conductive and non-conductive areas. A capacitive sensor is formed by means of adhering two ITO-coated films to each other and to the carrier plates by means of an adhesive tape which is adhesive on both sides. In this known method, although both conductive and non-conductive areas are formed, it is totally different from the materials and method used of our application.

Another known method is the application No WO 2007/122752. Although the method described in this application and the method in our application are deemed as similar, there are distinctive differences. In this known method, it is aimed to remove entirely the coating from surface of the ITO coated glasses and to reuse thereof. Therefore, it is disclosed a system for removing the coating on the surface of the glass completely. Also, in order to remove the coating completely, electrodes with different shapes are prepared. It is disclosed that the distance between these electrodes and the locations of the electrodes are required to be determined in certain sizes. Also, in order to remove the coating from the glass in this method, it is disclosed that there is a hydrogen reaction and the coating is removed from the glass with this reaction. The consumed electrical values are very high compared to the method used in our application. After the coating removal process, washing with a brush process is initiated.

The distinctive differences between our invention and this known method are as the following:

1- The known method is conducted for ITO-coated glasses. In the present invention, Low-e glasses are used. 2- In the known method; the electrode system used is that the electrodes are copper metal and the electric value used is for ITO glasses. This method does not perform removal of the coating from the low-e glasses. Because Low-e glasses are multi-layered and consist of materials different from each other.

3- It is aimed to remove the ITO coating on the surface of the glass and to reuse the glass in the known method. It is aimed to form conductive and insulative areas with different shapes in the electrically conductive coating on the surface of the Low-e glass in our invention.

4- It is disclosed in the known method that as a result of the hydrogen reaction, ITO coating is separated from the glass and mixes with the electrolyte fluid. On the other hand, in the present invention, first of all, rather than the hydrogen reaction, metal ions pass onto the Low-e through the electrolyte liquid, then separation from the glass processes takes place by means of a chemical bond formed between these metal ions and Low-e coating.

5- Although the ITO coating seems to be suitable for areal removal process in the known method, this is not the case. Because there is no masking process on the coating surface. For this reason, based on the resistance change of the coating, while it is removed from the glass, the conductive areas do not have sharp edges. The coating near to the electrode is further moved away. When it becomes distant to the electrode, the coating moves away less from the glass surface. If we describe the process in an instant manner, the hydrogen reaction occurs within a conical area located between the ITO coating from the glass surface and the electrode. The coating which is in the closest area to the electrode moves away in a faster manner and in a shorter period of time. Thus, this does not allow for providing conductive and insulative areas on the glass surface by means of this known method. On the other hand, in the present invention, the masking process is performed on the Low-e glass surface for conductive and insulative areas with required form and size. This leads to the separation of the edges of the conductive and insulative areas in a straight manner. In addition to this, no resistance change occurs because no coating is removed in the conductive areas.

6- A linear motion of the glass on the mechanism such as rollers etc. is disclosed in the known method. This leads to a linear unidirectional motion of the coating removal process. Since the capacitive button cannot perform coating removal process with geometric shapes such as circular etc. from the glass, it cannot make conductive insulative areas and multiple areas. On the other hand, in the present invention, there is not any active process. Since the masking process is performed based on the requirement, conductive and insulative areas with any kind of geometric shape and different sizes are formed in a simultaneous manner. Thus this allows for making multi-touch capacitive sensors and button-shaped sensors.

7- The quantity of electricity used in the known method is 6 amperes/150 volt DC. On the other hand, in our invention for the same sized area, 0,6 ampere/30 volt DC electricity is sufficient.

8- In the known method, the coating removal process will take too much time since the process will be repeated step by step in case the electrodes used in the coating removal process are made in a single row. Since the electrodes are abraded in different sizes, equal removal process cannot be performed on the coating. The distance between the electrodes used in our invention and the glass is not important. It will be sufficient that they are in the same electrolytic fluid.

Another method which is known is the application No US 4734174. Silver, Titanium dioxide, Gold and Platinum metals are coated on the total surface of a material which is insulating in the name of a starting film in this application. In order to form conductive regions on this coating, a pattern from one of Aluminium, Chrome, Copper, Nickel or Stainless metals is prepared. In order to prepare the pattern, the complete surface of the mould metal is coated with a photo-resistive paint and exposure is performed based on the required forms. Subsequently, the starting film and the pattern are joined by means of putting non-aqueous electrolyte salt therein. DC voltage is applied by means of connecting Cathode to the metal form and Anode electrical pole is connected to the starting film. In this phase, between the areas in the metal form which are not coated with photo-resistive coating and the starting film, an electron flow occurs. As a consequence of that, the conductive coating in these areas of the starting film passes to the metal form and these areas are made insulative. In areas coated with photo-resistive coating, since electrolyte transfer does not happen, these areas remain conductive in the starting film.

The distinctive differences between our invention and this known method are as the following:

1- Although the photo-resistive method as mentioned in the above mentioned known method is used as masking process in our application, other steps are totally different from each other. 2- Coating is not performed in our application; coated Low-e glass is used.

3- Although conductive and insulative areas are made by means of the electro-chemical method in this known method, the electro-chemical process in our application takes place only at the beginning of the reaction. Following this process, coating removal is performed by means of chemical bond creation.

4- Metal forms coated with photo-resistive coating are used for forming conductive and insulative areas in this known method. There is no pattern in our application. Only there are electrode metals for starting the reaction and achieve its sustainability. The form and size of these metals is not important.

5- Anode pole is connected to the electrode metals, Cathode pole is connected to the Low-e glass in our application. Anode pole is connected to the starting film in other words material forming conductive and insulative areas, Cathode pole is connected to the pattern in the known method. This difference in poles shows that the electro chemical process is different. It has a distinctive characteristic with our application.

6- Aluminium, Chrome, Copper, Nickel or Stainless Metals are used in the known method. On the other hand in our application, Lead, Tin or alloys of these metals are used.

7- In the known method, a method for creating a LCD display is disclosed. It is not possible to form a transparent capacitive sensor by this method. On the other hand in our application transparent capacitive sensors can be made.

8- In our application conductive and insulative areas are formed on Low-e glass with masking process. The processes such as preparing pattern, performing masking, performing coating by vapour deposition method for the conductive surface and the following processes are both very complex and costly. As it is mentioned further in the application of the known method, since the electrolyte salt is a specific chemical and the coating removal process is precise, it is a more difficult production process compared to our invention.

9- In order to create conductive areas, Silver, Titanium Dioxide, Gold and Platinum metals coated with the vapour deposition method, is more expensive than Low-e glass in our application based on both the coating method and the cost of these metals.

Another method which is known in relation to the conductive coating removal method is the application No US 2006226025. In order not to find any similarity between this application which is a coating removal process on metal surfaces and our application, this application is examined. In this known method, in order to remove coating from a metal part, an electro chemical method and thus a system for this are disclosed. The material from which the coating will be removed in this application is metal, but in our application it is Low-e glass. The electrolyte fluid used in the known method is Sulphuric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid, Nitric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide. On the other hand in our invention, the electrolyte fluid is vinegar, salt water or electrolyte fluid to which weak chemical is bound. The recycle of the chemicals in the known method, is considered as a hazardous waste in relation with its environmental and human health harms. The electrolyte fluid of our invention is not harmful. In this method Platinum is used as an electrolyte metal and also there is no limit for the operating temperature. On the other hand in our application, Lead, Tin or alloys of these metals are used. There is not any restriction for the operation temperature. In this known method, coating removal process as a reaction is realized electro-chemically. For this purpose, the cathode pole is connected to the platinum which is placed in the hazardous acid fluids mentioned above; Anode pole is connected to the metal whose coating will be removed. In our application Cathode pole is connected to the glass and Anode pole is connected to the electrode metal. Thus this shows that the electro-chemical reaction has distinctive characteristic and different.

There are distinctive differences between abovementioned method and the inventive coating removal method. These differences are described in detail. In the methods where process is performed with the electro-chemical, Low-e glass is not used. The low-e glasses have superiorities compared to other coated glasses such as they are cheaper, have higher chemical and physical resistance, and are subjected to heat treatment and chemical tempering. In addition to this, based on the structure of the coating on the surface of the Low-e glass and the used materials, coating removal process cannot be realized on the Low-e glass surface by means of the electro-chemical reaction in any of the above mentioned known methods. For this process the method described in our application is required to be used.

The Main Factors Constituting the Invention

In this invention; it is aimed to develop capacitive sensor screen, button and touch sensor screen glasses, ITO coated glasses and products which are cheaper than films, have superior chemical and physical resistance, and are appropriate to heat treatment and chemical tempering process. In accordance with this aim, Low-e glasses which are suitable for heat treatment (HeatTreatmentCoatedGlass) and chemical tempering are used. The electrically conductive coating on these glasses is described in detail in the following applications No US20180297891, US20170190612, EP3033311, US2013209828 and US7771830 In these applications, in the coating applied on the glass the following materials are used, Ti, V, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Zr, Hf, Al, Nb, Ni, Cr, Mo, Ta, Si or allow based on a least one of these materials NiCr, Ti, Zn, Zr, Sn, Nb, ITO, TiOx, ZnxSnyOz, ZnO, SnOx, ZNxAIXOz, AINx or alloy materials comprising at least one of them. In order to remove this multi layered coating from the glass as shown in Figure 1, electrolysis reaction based on the electron transfer method with electricity alone is not sufficient.

In order to clarify the coating removal process in the application, the following information about the electron changes of metals, electro-chemical reactions and corrosion reaction are given.

Passivation reaction is a protective oxide layer which is formed on the surface of the metal and its alloys, is very thin. Particularly, it happens in chrome, iron, nickel, titanium and alloys of the metals. The coating removal process with known method is not performed in Low-e glasses since these metals are used therein.

In the electrolysis reaction; Anode pole is connected to one of the two metals included in a conductive electrolyte fluid and Cathode pole is connected to the other. In the reaction here, the metal in the Anode pole passes into the electrolyte fluid in an ionic manner. Then, it adheres onto the metal which is connected to the Cathode pole and transforms into metallic form again. Therefore, coating is made by electrolysis. Abrasion occurs in the anode pole.

Another issue is the corrosion. Each metal has a unique desire to be dissolved in an electrolytic manner without any external electrical flow effect. This characteristic specific to the metals is expressed as an electro-chemical potential value. The potential of each metal compared to a standard electrode is defined by means of half battery cell. The electron release demands of the metals are determined by means of the potentials measured in half battery cells. The potential of the Hydrogen electrode which is accepted as the reference electrode in half battery cells is taken as zero. Potential difference between said hydrogen electrode and other metals is measured. In this manner, Electro Motor Forces of the metals are formed. In case the electron release demand of the metal which is tested according to the half battery cell method is more than the hydrogen electrode, the potential of this metal is negative. Accordingly, the potential values of the Tin and Lead metals which are used in the application are as follows: Tin (Sn) =-0,136 Volt, Lead (Pb) =-0,126 Volt and these two metals are included within the non-inert metal Anodic class. The galvanic corrosion; in case two different metals contact each other or are present in an electrolyte fluid, in the metal which has lower corrosion resistance, dissolution in other words corrosion (abrasion) occurs. As it is known, the Tin and Lead are the metals which have the best corrosion resistance. Tin plating process has been performed during many years in order to protect many metals against the corrosion. In addition to this, Tin is not toxic or a toxic metal. For these reasons food containers, tin cans are coated with Tin.

Information which is necessary for the application is the masking process. The masking process which is used as an intermediate process in many fields is performed in order to protect the areas which are required not to be influenced by the process to be performed on a surface. It can be done with different methods based on the process to be made. In the following the masking methods used in our application are described. a- The masking performed by means of materials such as the adhesive tape, pvc, foil, label etc.: The adhesive material cutting process is performed in a manner such that the areas required to remain conductive are protected on Low-e glass. Then after it is adhered onto the glass and coating removal process is initiated. After the process is completed then this tape is cleaned from the glass. This masking method is used in a non-precise and low quantity (for example sample product preparation etc.) study b- The masking process performed by means of using water based paints or paints according to the Rosh directives: Together with the serigraphy method, paint is printed on the glass surface with serigraphy since the corresponding areas to the coated areas to be removed from the glass are left empty. Then in order to remove the conductive coating in the unpainted areas, the process is continued. This application is used for serial production having 0,5 mm and ticker sizes

c- The masking process performed with dyes known as photo-resistive and cured with UV light: Paint which is hardened by ultraviolet (UV) light is applied on the surface of the glass by means of methods such as serigraphy, roller etc. Subsequently, an exposure film or a material having the same characteristics are placed on the glass and UV light is given such that the areas correspond to the coated areas which are required to remain on the glass are prepared to be empty. The sections that are not hardened due to the film are washed with a dissolving chemical. The coating removal process is continued from the glass where the paint hardened by the UV light remains. In our application, the coating size to be removed from the surface of the glass is used in the serial production of the products between 0,5 mm to 0,08 mm. d- Another masking method is the photolithography. In this method, photo-resistive paint is used as per above. However, in order to perform curing process in smaller sizes in the exposure process the UV paint of the glass is enabled to be hardened by means of using an exposure film or lens assembly of the material having the same characteristics. The paint which is not hardened is cleaned by washing in the solvent.

Then coating removal process is initiated. This is used in very precise applications that require nano-interval coating removal process.

Description of the Invention

The system made for achieving the aim of the invention is described herein below by means of referring to the attached figures. In these figures;

Figure 1- is the view of the structure of Low-e glass suitable for heat treatment and tempering process in which the allow materials are shown in a detailed manner.

Figure 2- is the view of the general structure of Low-e glass suitable for heat treatment and tempering process. Figure 3- is the detailed model view of the areas in which masking process is performed in a specific form and masking process is not performed.

Figure 4- is the view of the manner of connecting the electric power source to the glass and the electrode metal within the electrolyte fluid tank.

Figure 5- is a model view of the conductive areas remains after the coating removal process and the insulative areas where the coating is removed.

The parts in the figure are enumerated one by one and the parts correspond to these numbers are defined in the following:

1) Low-e glass

a) Glass

b) Coating

2) Electrolytic Fluid

3) Electrode Metal

4) Masking material

5) Electric transmission and connection materials

6) Electrolyte fluid tank A) Transparent conductive area

B) Insulative area

Used Materials

® Low-e glass (l)suitable for (HeatTreatmentCoatedGlass) and chemical tempering process

® Electrolytic Fluid (2): Vinegar,

® Electrode Metal (3): Tin, Tin Lead alloy or other alloys of these two metals,

® Electric Power Source: DC power source (2 amperes/ 60 Volts),

* Masking materials (4)

® Electric transmission and connection materials (5)

® Electrolyte fluid tank (6): There is electrolytic fluid (2) therein. It is the tank with insulating characteristic wherein the Low-e glass (1) to which coating removal process will be applied is placed and processed by electrolysis method.

The masking process is performed by means of the masking materials (2) with any of the abovementioned methods in a manner such that the areas from which the electrically conductive coating on one surface of the Low-e glass (1) will be removed are left empty. Then Low-e glass (1) is located in the electrolyte fluid tank (6) in a manner such that its one edge is outside the electrolyte fluid (2) (vinegar). The CATHODE pole of DC electric power source is connected to the end of the Low-e glass (1) which is outside the electrolyte fluid (2) (vinegar). Once more, an electrode metal (3) is placed on any edge of the electrolyte fluid tank (6) where the electrolyte fluid (2) and Low-e glass (1) are available. The ANODE electric pole of DC electric power source is connected to the electrode metal (3).

Direct current is applied based on the size of the area where the coating (lb) will be removed from the glass (la) surface. This values is approximately; 1,5-6, 5 mA/cm A 2, 40 volt DC. Although the process time is independent from the dimension of the area, the current is reduced when the coating size to be removed from the glass (la) approaches to nano size and the duration is extended. This process is provided to be slower but more stable. Then, the masking material (4) on Low-e glass (1) is cleaned and the transparent conductive (A) and insulative (B) areas on the surface of the glass (la) are come in sight.

As it may be considered in the process mentioned above, Cathode pole is connected to the Low-e glass (1). In fact, in the known technique, Anode pole is connected to the material of the coating (lb) which will be removed. However, coating (lb) removal process from the surface of Low-e glass (1) cannot be made with this method. When the Anode pole is connected to the glass (la), the passivation reaction described with the abovementioned information occurs. The reason for this is that; the passivation demand of the coating (lb) chemicals on the glass (1) is more than the demand for passing to ionic status. For this reason, in the inventive method Cathode pole is connected to the Low-e glass (1).

The coating removal process is performed by means of the realisation of a few reactions at the same time. The electrode metal (3) which is connected with the Anode pole in the beginning is preferably tin (Sn) metal oxidizing agent and is mixed to the electrolyte fluid (2) by means of passing from the metallic state to the ionic state.

General Formula: M - M n+ + ne

Subsequently, a reduction reaction occurs on the surface of the glass (la), ionic tin in the electrolyte fluid (2) is coupled with the conductive coating (lb) on the glass (1) surface and transforms into metallic form and the coating (lb) on the surface of the glass (la) is tin plated.

General Formula: M n+ + ne - M

The coated tin on the glass (la) in this reaction gains noble metal characteristic. Thus, this starts the Galvanic Reaction between the coating (lb) on the glass (1) and the tin metal. In order to enable this reaction to continue until coating (lb) is removed from the glass (la) completely, electric is continued to be applied to the glass (la). Since the coating (lb) materials on Low-e glass (1) are different and have multi-layers, tin metal transfer to the surface of the glass is required to be continued. When the Galvanic Reaction is completed, the coating (lb) on the glass (la) is mixed into the electrolyte fluid (2) in a manner such that it is bonded to the tin metal and it is in film form. This situation provides quality in coating removal process, tracking the process duration and ease of filtering since the electrolyte fluid (2) is mixed therein as a film.

After the coating removal process, the masking material (4) is cleaned from the glass (la). Therefore, without any abrasion of the surface of the glass (la), transparent electrically conductive (A) and insulative (B) areas are formed. The transparent conductive areas (A) refer to the coating (lb) remaining from the coating removal process, on the other hand the insulative areas (B) refer to the glass (la) surfaces where the coating was removed. The reason for preferring tin as an electrode metal (3) in this invention is that; it is harmless to the environment and human health with its standard electron potential. Also, during studies, other metals studied such as chrome, nickel, silver caused passivation reaction on the glass.

In all known coating removal methods glass subject to heat treatment or chemical tempering is not used. The reason for this is that ITO coating is not suitable for heat treatment or chemical tempering. In the known coating removal process from Low-e glass (1), since laser is used, it leads to heating on the surface of the glass (la) for a short duration. However it is known that; if local temperature difference occurs on the glasses subject to tempering, the glass will be broken. For this reason, tempered glass cannot be used. On the other hand in our application, according to the above mentioned inventive method, Low-e glass (1) suitable for heat treatment which is tempered or non-tempered is used. No heat is formed during the process.

The chemicals which are used in the coating removal process in known methods are harmful to the environment and human health, their recycle is expensive and difficult. In the inventive method, salt water, vinegar, electrolyte fluids (2) are used for providing electric transmission between the Anode and Cathode poles. However as an electrolytic fluid (2) vinegar is used. The reason for using vinegar as an electrolyte fluid (2) is that; it does not create harmful waste and its recycling is easy.

Together with the abovementioned invention, sensors such as the capacitive touch panel, capacitive button, radio and radio antenna etc. which are transparent and have superior physical and chemical resistance are made from the Low-e glass (1) which is tempered or non-tempered, is suitable for heat treatment, and is an alternative to the ITO coated products. The method used has lower cost than its equivalents and it does not create waste which is harmful to both the environment and the human health.

As the masking materials (4), chemical suitable to the Rosh Directives are used.

Again together with the method disclosed is this invention, resistance value adjustment is made by means of leaving conductive areas at different intervals and with different shapes on the coating on the surface of used Low-2 glass (1) which is used as a heat generator. Thus this leads to the production of a glass panel heater or cooker which is more effective and cost- efficient by means of consuming low electricity.