METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A HYDROGEN ENRICHED FUEL USING MICROWAVE ASSISTED METHANE PLASMA DECOMPOSITION ON

CATALYST

Field of the Invention

[0001] This invention relates generally to the production of hydrogen fuels, and particularly to a method and a system for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel suitable for use as an alternative fuel.

Background of the Invention

[0002] Gaseous alternative fuels, such as hydrogen and natural gas, are valued for their clean burning characteristics in motor vehicle engines. Various processes have been developed for producing hydrogen. These processes include electrolysis, exotic water splitting, and separation from industrial waste streams.

[0003] Hydrogen can also be produced by reforming natural gas. Typically, a multi-step process is used to convert a hydrocarbon fuel, such as methane, propane or natural gas, into a high purity hydrogen gas stream. The steps of the process typically include (1) synthesis gas generation, (2) water-gas shift reaction, and (3) gas purification (e.g., CO and CO ₂ removal). The hydrogen gas stream can then be used for a variety of purposes including mixture with other gases to produce an alternative fuel.

[0004] For example, a particularly clean burning gaseous alternative fuel known as HYTHANE comprises a mixture of hydrogen and natural gas. The prefix "Hy" in HYTHANE is taken from hydrogen. The suffix "thane" in HYTHANE is taken from methane, which is the primary constituent of natural gas. HYTHANE is a registered trademark of Brehon Energy PLC. HYTHANE typically contains about 5% to 7% hydrogen by energy, which corresponds to 15% to 20% hydrogen by volume.

[0005] For producing hydrogen, one type of reformer called a "steam reformer" uses a hydrocarbon fuel and steam (H ₂ O). In the steam reformer, the hydrocarbon fuel is reacted in a heated reaction tube containing steam (H ₂ O) and one or more catalysts. In general, the production of a high purity hydrogen gas by

reforming requires high temperatures (800-900°C). Steam reforming also produces impurities, particularly CO and CO ₂ , which if not removed, are ultimately released to the atmosphere.

[0006] The production of a high purity hydrogen gas by reforming also requires large capital costs for the equipment, and large operating costs, particularly for power. In addition to these shortcomings, it is difficult to manufacture a compact embodiment of a steam reformer. It would be advantageous for a hydrogen production system to have a relatively compact size, such that alternative fuels could be produced at a facility the size of a gas station, rather than at a facility the size of a refinery.

[0007] Another process for producing hydrogen from natural gas involves the thermal decomposition of methane. For example, methane decomposes into hydrogen by the reaction:

CH ₄ = C + 2H ₂

For example, the thermal decomposition of natural gas has been used in the "Thermal Black Process" for producing carbon black and hydrogen. Using thermal decomposition, the energy requirements per mole of hydrogen produced (37.8 kJ/mol H ₂ ) is considerably less than the energy requirements of the steam reforming process (63.3 kJ/mol H ₂ ). However, the process still requires high temperatures (e.g., 1400 ⁰ C), high equipment costs, and high energy expenditures.

[0008] Recently, thermal decomposition of natural gas has been investigated in combination with various catalysts, which allow the reaction to proceed at lower temperatures. For example, US Patent No. 7,001,586 B2, to Wang et al. discloses a thermal decomposition process in which two catalysts having the formula Ni _x Mg _y O and Ni _x MgyCu _z O, respectively, are used to decompose methane to carbon and hydrogen. The former needs a lower temperature from about 425 ⁰ C to 625 ⁰ C, but the lifetime is shorter and the activity is lower. The latter's lifetime is longer and the activity is higher, but the required reaction temperature is much higher, from about 600°C to 775 ⁰ C. More importantly, however, these processes require high energy expenditures to heat the wall of the reactor, the gas and the catalysts.

[0009] Methane plasma has been used to convert methane into C2 (such as C ₂ H _2, , C ₂ H ₄ , C ₂ H ₆ ) and hydrogen. When microwave plasma is combined with a metal catalyst, the metal catalyst is heated by microwave energy. The combination of

methane microwave plasma with the metal catalyst as reported in the literature so far, can efficiently convert methane to C ₂ H ₂ ,, C ₂ H ₄ and C ₂ H ₆ and H2 is a by product. But the product gas comprises C2 and H ₂ with a stoichiometric relation, and can not be directly used as HYTHANE due to the high concentration of C2. In addition, the prior art catalysts are sensitive to carbon deposition, which deactivates the catalyst and decreases the production of both C2 and H ₂ .

[0010] It would be advantageous for a hydrogen production system to be capable of performance at lower temperatures and lower energy expenditures, with a variety of catalysts active for long periods, and with minimal carbon emissions (e.g., CO, CO ₂ ) and negligible higher order hydrocarbons. In addition, it would be advantageous for a hydrogen production system to have a size and configuration adaptable to the production of alternative fuels containing hydrogen. The present disclosure is directed to a method and a system for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel that overcomes many of the shortcomings of prior art hydrogen production systems.

[0011] The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations related therewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings. Similarly, the following embodiments and aspects thereof are described and illustrated in conjunction with a system and method, which are meant to be exemplary and illustrative, not limiting in scope.

Summary of the Invention

[0012] A method for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel includes the steps of providing a flow of methane gas at a selected flow rate, providing a catalyst, producing a methane plasma at a negative pressure using microwave irradiation at a selected microwave power, directing the methane plasma over the catalyst, and controlling the flow of methane gas and the microwave power to produce a product gas having a selected composition.

[0013] The method can be performed in a reactor having microwave transparent walls. In addition, the catalyst can comprise a metal, such as a Ni-based compound prepared by coprecipitation. During performance of the method, the metal catalyst is selectively heated by microwave energy, while the methane gas and

microwave transparent reactor walls maintain a low temperature. On the hot surface of the catalyst, the reactions of the hydrocarbons, CH ₄ , C ₂ H ₂ , C ₂ H ₄ , C ₂ H ₆ , and the radicals CH ₃ , CH ₂ , CH , H_ produce hydrogen (H ₂ ) and carbon (C) in solid fibrous form. In addition, some of the methane gas fails to react (methane slip) such that the product gas comprises methane, hydrogen and negligible higher order hydrocarbons.

[0014] The flow of methane gas and the microwave power can be controlled such that the composition of the product gas approximates the chemical composition of HYTHANE. For example, the product gas can comprise from about 10% to 30% hydrogen by volume, and from about 70% to 90% methane by volume. Advantageously, the product gas contains almost no carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, as the carbon contained in the converted methane is mainly removed as solid fibrous carbon, which drops out as a useful by-product. Further, the catalyst is selected and formulated to remain stable and active under operating conditions (e.g., gas flow rate, microwave power, catalyst amount), such that costs are minimized.

[0015] A system for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel includes a methane gas source configured to provide a methane gas flow; a reactor having a reaction chamber in flow communication with the methane gas source and with a vacuum pump; a microwave power source configured to form a methane plasma in the reaction chamber at a negative pressure; and a catalyst in the reaction chamber configured to contact the methane plasma and to initiate a reaction in which a product gas has a selected volumetric percentage of hydrogen and methane.

[0016] In an alternate embodiment of the method, the product gas is further processed to recover hydrogen in substantially pure form. To recover substantially pure hydrogen, the product gas can be flowed under a vacuum through a Pd/Ag membrane coated on a porous metal or ceramic substrate.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in the referenced figures of the drawings. It is intended that the embodiments and the figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than limiting.

[0018] Figure 1 is a flow diagram illustrating steps in a method for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic drawing of a system for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel;

[0020] Figures 3A and 3B are graphs showing hydrogen content (C _H2 (%)) on the y-axis versus forward watts (Forward Watts (W)) on the x-axis during practice of the method for different catalysts and no catalyst;

[0021] Figures 4A-4C are graphs showing the effects of catalyst pretreatment on CH ₄ conversion and H ₂ content in the outlet gas (product gas) expressed as "X _CH4 or C _R2 " on the y-axis versus reaction time (h) on the x-axis for the catalyst M81A1; and

[0022] Figures 5A-5B are graphs comparing the stability of the catalyst M81A1 at 80 watts and 110 watts expressed as "X _CH4 or Cm" on the y-axis versus reaction time (h) on the x-axis.

Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments

[0023] The following definitions are used in the present disclosure. HYTHANE means a hydrogen enriched alternative fuel comprised of hydrogen and methane and impurities included in hydrogen and natural gas.

[0024] Methane slip means unreacted methane which passes through a system without reacting.

[0025] Microwave irradiation means electromagnetic irradiation in the range of 0.3 to 300 GHz.

[0026] Negative pressure means a pressure less than atmospheric pressure (i.e., less than 1 arm).

Method

[0027] Referring to Figure 1 , steps in a method for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel are illustrated. The first step comprises "providing a flow of methane gas at a selected flow rate". By way of example, the methane gas can be in the form of pure methane gas. Alternately, the methane gas can be in the form of natural gas obtained from a "fossil fuel" deposit. Natural gas is typically about 90+% methane, along with small amounts of ethane, propane, higher hydrocarbons, and "inerts" like carbon dioxide or nitrogen. In addition, the methane gas can be supplied from a tank (or a pipeline) at a selected temperature and pressure. Preferably, the methane gas is

provided at about room temperature (20 to 25 ⁰ C), and at about atmospheric pressure (1 atmosphere). Further, the methane gas can be provided at the selected flow rate. In the examples to follow, the selected flow rate of the methane gas is about 120 ml/minute (STP).

[0028] As also shown in Figure 1 , the method includes the step of "providing a catalyst". Preferably, the catalyst is provided in the form of particles having a diameter of from 74 μm to 140 μm. In addition, the catalyst is preferably contained on a holder, which allows the methane gas to flow freely along the surfaces of the catalyst particles. In addition, catalysts in the form of metal oxides can be pre-treated using H ₂ to reduce the metal oxide to a metal.

[0029] A preferred metal for the catalyst comprises Ni, or an alloy containing Ni. For example, the metal can comprise NiAl, or Ni doped with Cu, Pd, Fe, Co, or an oxide such as MgO, ZnO, MO2O3 or SiO ₂ . Specific catalysts include NiIOO, N18IAL M93A1, Ni77Cul6Al, Ni54Cu27Al and Ni83Mg6Al. In addition, nickel based catalyst precursors can be prepared by coprecipitation from a mixed aqueous solution of nitrates with sodium carbonate.

[0030] The following Table 1 provides information on catalyst preparation of nickel-based precursors for the above catalysts. These catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation from a mixed aqueous solution of nitrates with sodium carbonate.

Table 1-Catalyst Preparation Catalyst Composition

1 NiIOO 100 wt. %NiO

2 M81A1 81 wt.%NiO-19 wt.%Al ₂ θ3

3 M93A1 93 wt. %NiO-7 wt.%Al ₂ θ3

4 Ni77Cul6Al 77 wt.%MO-16wt.%CuO-7 wt.%Al ₂ θ3

5 Ni54Cu27Al 54 wt.%MO-27 wt.%CuO-9 wt.%Al ₂ θ3

6 Ni83Mg6Al 83 wt.%M0-6 Wt.%MgO-l 1 wt.%Al ₂ O ₃

[0031] However, rather than Ni or an alloy thereof, the catalyst can comprise another metal, such as a metal selected from group VIII of the periodic table including Fe, Co, Ru, Pd and Pt. In any case, the catalyst is selected and formulated to remain stable under reaction conditions for long periods of time. In the examples to follow there was no indication that the catalyst was going to be deactivated, even after over 11 hours of reaction time.

[0032] As also shown in Figure 1 , the method includes the step of "producing a methane plasma under a negative pressure at a selected microwave power". This step can be performed using a conventional microwave generator and microwave circulator.

[0033] In the examples to follow, the microwave generator was operated at a power of about 70-140 watts. However, it is to be understood that the method can be practiced at a microwave power that is selected to achieve a desired product gas composition. For example, a representative range for the microwave power can be from 50 watts to 300 watts. Also in the examples to follow, the microwave generator was operated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz.

[0034] A negative pressure can be exerted on the methane plasma using a suitable mechanism such as a vacuum pump. In the examples to follow the negative pressure on the methane gas was about 60 mmHg. However, it is to be understood that the method of the invention can be practiced using a negative pressure of from 20 mmHg to 200 mmHg.

[0035] As also shown in Figure 1, the method includes the step of "directing the flow of methane gas over the catalyst". This step can be performed by placing the catalyst in a microwave transparent reactor having a reaction chamber in flow communication with a vacuum pump configured to contain the catalyst, and to direct the flow of methane gas over the catalyst. H ₂ and solid carbon in the form of solid fibrous carbon are formed on the surface of the catalyst.

[0036] As also shown in Figure 1, the method includes the step of "controlling the flow of methane gas and the microwave power to produce a product gas having a selected composition". This step can be performed using a microwave generator having variable power controls.

System

[0037] Referring to Figure 2, a system 10 for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel, in accordance with the previously described method, is illustrated. The system 10 includes a reactor 12, and a microwave generator 14. The system also includes a methane supply 16, a hydrogen supply 18, and an inert gas supply 20 in flow communication with the reactor 12.

[0038] The reactor 12 (Figure 2) can comprise a conventional tube reactor made of a microwave transparent material, such as quartz. In addition, the reactor 12 includes a sealed process chamber 22 having an inlet 26 in flow communication with a supply conduit 24.

[0039] The supply conduit 24 (Figure 2) is in flow communication with a methane conduit 28 via a union 30, which is in flow communication with the methane supply 16. In addition, the methane conduit 28 includes a methane mass flow controller 32 configured to remotely control the flow of methane gas into the reaction chamber 22, and shut off valves 34, 36 on either side of the methane mass flow controller 32. In the illustrative embodiment, the methane supply 16 is configured to provide pure methane. However, it is to be understood that the system 10 can include, and the method can be practiced, using another methane source, such as natural gas.

[0040] The supply conduit 24 (Figure 2) is also in flow communication with a hydrogen conduit 38 via a union 40, which is in flow communication with the hydrogen gas supply 18. The hydrogen conduit 38 includes a needle valve 42 configured to manually regulate the flow of hydrogen gas into the reaction chamber 22, and a rotameter 44 configured to measure the hydrogen flow.

[0041] The supply conduit 24 (Figure 2) is also in flow communication with an inert gas conduit 46, which is in flow communication with the inert gas supply 20. The inert gas can comprise Ar or another inert gas, such as He or Ne. The inert gas conduit 46 also includes an inert gas mass flow controller 48 configured to remotely control the flow of inert gas into the reaction chamber 22, and shut off valves 50, 52 on either side of the inert gas mass flow controller 48. The inert gas conduit 46 can be used to purge the reaction chamber 22.

[0042] In addition to the reaction chamber 22 (Figure 2), the reactor 12 includes a holder 54 configured to hold a catalyst 56 in the reaction chamber 22. As

with the reactor 12 and the walls of the reaction chamber 22, the holder 54 is made of a microwave transparent material. In addition, the holder 54 has a cup like configuration with openings that permit gas flow through the holder 54 and around the catalyst 56. The holder 54 also includes a handle 58 configured to permit removal of the holder 54 and the catalyst 56 from the reaction chamber 22.

[0043] The reactor 12 (Figure 2) also includes an outlet 60 in flow communication with the reaction chamber 22. The outlet 60 of the reactor 12 is configured to exhaust the product gas formed in the reaction chamber 22. The outlet 60 of the reactor 12 is in flow communication with a vacuum pump 78 configured to maintain a negative pressure in the reaction chamber 22. A pressure gage 80 is also provided for measuring the pressure in the reaction chamber 22. The outlet 60 of the reactor 12 is also in flow communication with a gas chromatograph 62 configured to analyze the chemical composition of the product gas exiting the reaction chamber 22. In addition, the gas chromatograph 62 is in flow communication with a vent 64 configured to vent product gases, which have been analyzed to the atmosphere. The outlet 60 of the reactor 12 can also be in flow communication with a product gas storage vessel 66 configured to store the product gas for future use.

[0044] The microwave generator 14 (Figure 2) of the system 10 is configured to direct microwave radiation through a microwave circulator 68, and through a three stub tuner 70, to irradiate the methane gas in the reaction chamber 22 to form the methane plasma. The microwave circulator 68 also includes a cooling system 72. In addition, a microwave adjust plug 74 is configured to remotely adjust the reflected power and the position of the plasma ball of the microwave generator 14.

[0045] The system 10 (Figure 2) also includes an infrared temperature sensor 76 configured to measure the temperature of the catalyst 56.

Examples

[0046] Using the previously described method (Figure 1), and the previously described system 10 (Figure 2), a hydrogen enriched fuel comprising CH ₄ and H ₂ was produced under the following conditions.

A. Pure methane gas (99.7% purity) was supplied through the methane supply conduit 28 to the reactor 12 (Figure X).

B. Methane flow rate (i.e., selected flow rate in Figure 1): 120 ml/minute.

C. Catalyst: M81A1, M93A1, NiIOO, Ni77Cul6Al, Ni54Cu27Al, or Ni83MgAl

D. Amount of catalyst 56 (Figure 2): 200 mg.

El . Catalyst 56 (Figure 2) not reduced, or alternately reduced;

E2. Catalyst 56 (Figure 2) was reduced for a period of several minutes in H ₂ plasma at a microwave power of 160W. For reducing the catalyst 56 (Figure 2), a flow of H ₂ gas was supplied through the hydrogen supply conduit 38 (Figure 2) to the reaction chamber 22 (Figure 2), and irradiated with microwave energy from the microwave generator 14 (Figure 2) to form a methane plasma.

F. Reaction pressure: 60 mmHg.

G. Microwave power (Forward Watts) applied to form the methane plasma: 70-140 W.

H. The catalyst was pretreated by H ₂ at 160 W for 20 minutes unless otherwise stated.

I. Products (hydrogen enriched fuel): H ₂ , C ₂ H ₂ , C ₂ H ₄ , C ₃ H ₈ , C ₃ H ₆ , C ₃ H ₄ and C ₄ .

J. H ₂ content in the product by volume: approximately 10% to 30%.

K. Unreacted methane: approximately 70% to 90%.

[0047] Figures 3A and 3B show the "Influence of forward Watts" (i.e., the microwave power for forming the methane plasma) on the production of H ₂ for different catalysts 56 (Figure 2) and for "no catalyst". In Figures 3 A and 3B, the x axis represents "Forward Watts", and the y axis represents the percentage content of H ₂ expressed as "C _H2 %". In Figure 3A, the hydrogen content in the product gas over the catalyst M81A1 is represented by squares, over the catalyst M93A1 is represented by circles, over the catalyst NiIOO is represented by triangles, and the hydrogen content with no catalyst is represented by inverted triangles. In Figure 3B, the hydrogen content in the product gas over the catalyst Ni77Cul6Al is represented by squares, over the catalyst Ni54Cu27Al is represented by circles, over the catalyst Ni83Mg6Al is represented by triangles, and the hydrogen content with no catalyst is represented by inverted triangles. A larger forward Watts leads to a higher hydrogen

content in the product gas. These figures demonstrate that the use of a catalyst increases the content of hydrogen in the product gas below approximately 90 W, but decreases the hydrogen content above approximately 90 W. The catalyst M81A1 has the best performance among the catalysts.

[0048] Table 2 shows the influence of forward Watts (microwave power for forming the methane plasma) on the product gas composition during performance of the method without a catalyst. It can be seen that while hydrogen content in the product gas increases with the increase of forward watts, the produced high order hydrocarbons also increase except that the content of C ₂ H ₂ remains nearly constant. The major hydrocarbons produced are C ₂ H ₄ and C ₂ H ₂ .

Table 2

Influence of forward Watts on product gas composition without catalyst

(measurement taken at 2 hr)

Composition (%)

7OW 8OW 9OW IOOW HOW

H ₂ 6.28 10.42 16.15 22.18 29.24

CH ₄ 90.49 84.85 77.58 70.65 62.01

C ₂ H ₄ 0.71 1.57 2.86 4.14 5.88

C ₂ H ₂ 2.21 2.72 2.77 2.40 2.04

C ₃ H ₆ 0.06 0.12 0.18 0.21 0.22

C ₃ H ₈ 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.22 0.27

C ₃ H ₄ 0.04 0.07 0.16 0.21 0.33

[0049] Table 3 shows the influence of forward Watts (microwave power for forming the methane plasma) on the product gas composition during performance of the method with the catalyst Ni81Al. As can be seen similarly to the case without catalysts (shown in Table 2), hydrogen and higher order hydrocarbons produced by the method increase with the increase in forward Watts except that C ₂ H ₂ content remains nearly constant. However, the produced C ₂ H ₄ over M81A1 is significantly reduced compared with no catalyst (Table 2). This result is particularly advantageous for an alternative fuel in the form of "HYTHANE".

Table 3

Influence of forward Watts on product gas composition with M81A1 catalyst

(measurement taken at 2 hr)

Composition (%)

7OW 8OW 9OW IOOW HOW 120W 140W

H ₂ 11.55 16.11 19.71 21.72 23.06 24.59 29.52

CH ₄ 85.67 80.39 76.48 74.07 72.33 70.25 62.95

C ₂ H ₄ 0.249 0.435 0.560 0.739 1.033 1.615 4.017

C ₂ H ₂ 2.341 2.695 2.817 2.982 3.014 2.969 2.766

C ₃ H ₆ 0.015 0.041 0.055 0.067 0.094 0.117 0.201

C ₃ H ₈ 0.131 0.233 0.270 0.314 0.339 0.338 0.342

C ₃ H ₄ 0.013 0.043 0.048 0.049 0.060 0.040 0.098

[0050] Figures 4A-4C are graphs showing the effects of catalyst pretreatment on CH ₄ and H ₂ conversion in the outlet gas (product gas) expressed as "X _CH4 or C _H2 " on the y-axis versus reaction time (h) on the x-axis for the catalyst M81A1. In Figure 4A, the method was performed with no pretreatment. In Figure 4B, the method was performed by pretreating the catalyst with H ₂ at 160 W for 20 minutes. In Figure 4C, the method was performed by pretreating the catalyst with CH ₄ at 120 W for 20 minutes. In Figures 4A-4C CH ₄ conversion is represented by squares, and H ₂ conversion is represented by circles. It was determined that pretreatment with hydrogen increases the activity of the catalyst at the beginning, but the activities of the catalyst with or without pretreatment become nearly the same after the catalyst reaches a stable stage.

[0051] Figures 5A-5B are graphs comparing the stability of the catalyst M81A1 at 80 Watts and 110 Watts expressed as "X _CH4 or C _H2 " on the y-axis versus reaction time (h) on the x-axis. In Figures 5A-5B, CH ₄ conversion is represented by squares, and H ₂ conversion is represented by circles. It was determined that the stability of M81A1 at 110 W is poor, but good at 80 W. In addition, the conversion of methane at 110 W decreases from about 21% to about 11% within 4.5 hours, while it is constant at 12% for 11 hours at 80 W.

[0052] From the preceding examples the following conclusions were reached.

(1) Although the catalyst can be pretreated with hydrogen (e.g., at 160 W for 20 minutes), pretreatment is not necessary for the practice of the method. The

pretreatment only helps the catalyst at the initial stage, but after some hours, the activities of the catalyst with or without pretreatment are nearly the same. This is important for practical operation.

(2) M81A1 is the preferred catalyst, as it functions to increase the hydrogen content of the product gas from about 10% without catalyst to about 15% with the M81A1 catalyst (i.e., a 50% improvement). The presence of the catalyst M81A1 also significantly decreases the content of higher order hydrocarbons in the product gas (particularly C ₂ H ₄ ) at 80 W. A low percentage of higher order hydrocarbons is important for "HYTHANE".

(3) In the presence of a catalyst, a microwave power of about 80 W is preferred for maintaining the stability of the catalyst, a higher forward Watts significantly decreases the stability of the catalyst.

Alternate Embodiment For Producing Pure Hydrogen

[0053] An alternate embodiment of the method includes the additional step of further processing the product gas to recover hydrogen in substantially pure form. One method for recovering pure hydrogen is to flow the product gas under a vacuum through a Pd/ Ag membrane coated on a porous metal or ceramic substrate. US Patent No. 6,165,438, to Willms et al., which is incorporated herein by reference, discloses an apparatus and method for the recovery of hydrogen from a gas containing hydrocarbons.

[0054] Thus the disclosure describes an improved method and system for producing a hydrogen enriched fuel. While the description has been with reference to certain preferred embodiments, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, certain changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the following claims.