SVENSSON STIG-AAKE (SE)
| WO1988005001A1 | 1988-07-14 |
| DE3112901A1 | 1982-02-25 | |||
| DE1556867A1 | 1970-01-15 | |||
| EP0274882A1 | 1988-07-20 | |||
| EP0444362A2 | 1991-09-04 |
| 1. | A method for transporting vehicles, primarily cars, by means of a seagoing vessel, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by loading the vehicles into cassettes which include at least one floor or storey, with each floor or storey including a vehicle driveway; loading said cassettes by driving the vehicles onto a ranp, or the like, and onto said driveay; positioning the vehicles one after the other until the cassette has been loaded with the desired number of vehicles; transporting the cassette onto the vessel; offloading the vehicles in the reverse order, such that the cassette is first transported from the vessel to a quay; and by later driving the vehicles from the cassettes with the aid of a ramp or the like. |
| 2. | A method according to Claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by providin each cassette with two floors or stories, each floor or storey being intended to accommodate three vehicles, one after the other. |
| 3. | A method according to Claim 1 or 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by providing each cassette with attachment devices in the upper and the lower part of the cassette framework, and using said attachment devices to lift the cassette or cassettes onto a vessel with the aid of known container lifting yokes. |
| 4. | A method according to Claim l, 2 or 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by coupling the cassettes together to form a multicassette unit with said cassettes connected either sidebyside and/or one upon the other, and lifting and transporting the cassettes in their ulticassetteunit form. |
| 5. | A method according to Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by providing the casset±e with wheels and pulling the cassette onboard or onto land with the aid of a pulling vehicle, or alternatively providing the cassette with an individual motor and drive mechanism so that the cassette can be driven onboard or on land autσmotively. |
| 6. | A method according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d by using a plurality of cassettes, and by placing the cassettes in relation to one another such that vehicles are able to drive on the driveways from one cassette over to another cassette. |
| 7. | A method according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d by using adjustable ramps, and by adjusting the setting of said ramps successively in a manner to connect the driveways with the quay or like platform structure. |
| 8. | A system for transporting vehicles, primarily cars, by means of a seagoing vessel, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the system includes one or more cassettes (1; 30, 31; 32; 40, 41) which include at least one floor or storey (25); in that each floor or storey includes a vehicle driveway (610); in that one or both ends (11, 12) of each driveway can be connected to ramps (13; 15) so disposed that the vehicles (29) can be driven onto a ramp or the like and to said driveways (610) , where the vehicles can be positioned one after the other until the cassette has been loaded with a desired number of vehicles; in that the cassette is intended to be transported onboard the vessel (43); and in that when offloading the cassette (1; 30, 31; 40; 41) the cassette is intended to be transported from the vessel and later connected to ramps (13; 15) of said kind for driving the vehicles from the cassette. |
| 9. | A system according to Claim 8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each cassette (40) includes two floors or stories (2, 3), where each storey or floor is intended to accommodate three vehicles positioned one after the other. |
| 10. | A system according to Claim 8 or 9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that each cassette is equipped with attachment devices in the upper and the lower part of the cassette framework, wherein the attachment devices are intended for lifting the cassette or cassettes onto said vessel by means (43) of known container lifting yokes (45). |
| 11. | A system accroding to Claim 8, 9 or 10, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the cassettes (40) are provided with means for coupling the cas¬ settes together in a manner to form a multicassetteunit with the cassette positioned sidebyside and/or one upon the other, this multicassette unit being intended to be lifted and transported in its unit form. |
| 12. | A system according to Claim 8, 9, 10 or 11, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the cassette (1; 30, 31) is provided with wheels (22) ; and in that the cassette is intended to be drawn onto the vessel or onto the land by ireans of a pulling vehicle, or alternatively the cassette is provided with an individual motor (27) and an individual drive mechanism of a known kind so that the cassette (32) can be driven onto the vessel or onto the land automσtively. |
| 13. | A system according to Claim 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the cassettes (30, 31; 32) are so constructed that when positioned one behind the other, the driveways (610) of two sequen¬ tially arranged cassettes (30, 31; 32) will coact in a manner to enable vehicles to be driven on driveways from one cassette over to another cassette. |
| 14. | A system according to Claim 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13, c h a r a c ¬ t e r i z e d in that the ramps (13; 15) can be adjusted to successive settings in a manner to connect the driveways (610) with the quay or like platform structure. |
The present invention relates to a method and to a system for transporting vehicles, primarily cars, by ship.
It is very usual to transport cars by sea, when so is possible. The trans ¬ portation of all cars between continents which have no land connections takes place by sea.
One of the methods most commonly vised today involves driving the cars onto the ship, or corresponding transport vessel, with the aid of ramps which extend between quay and ship. The cars are driven onto the ship one after the other and are parked on different decks in the ship. Because one such ship takes onboard a large number of cars, an extremely long time is taken to load the ship, despite the simultaneous use of several ramps. This also applies to offloading the ship.
The time taken to load and offload a car-transporting vessel encompasses several hours. This creates particular problems when the ship is loaded and offloaded during the nighttime.
Because the cars are driven onboard ship and are driven off the ship, the cars are liable to suffer considerable damage, resulting in extensive costs.
The present invention relates to a fully novel method for loading and offloading cars onto and from ships. This novel method solves the aforesaid drawbacks associated with known methods.
Ωe present invention thus relates to a method for transporting vehicles, primarily cars, by sea and is characterized in that the vehicles are loaded into cassettes which include at least one floor plan, wherein each floor includes a driveway; in that the vehicles are loaded by driving the vehicles onto a ramp, or corresponding device, and onto said driveway where the vehicles are placed in line one after the other until the cassett has been loaded with the desired number of vehicles; in that the cassette is then transported onto the vessel; and in that the cars are offloaded from the vessel in the reverse order, in which the cassette is first
transported from the vessel onto the quay and the vehicles are driven from the cassette with the aid of a ramp or some like device.
The invention also relates to an arrangement of the aforesaid kind, which is mainly characterized by the features set forth in Claim 8.
The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to an exemplifying embodiment thereof and also with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which - Figure 1 is a side view of an inventive cassette;
Figure 2 is a rear view of the cassette shown in Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a cassette floor from above;
Figure 4 is a front view of part of a cassette, and indicates sche ¬ matically the number of cars present in the cassette; - Figure 5 illustrates two sequentially located cassettes, and a ramp; Figure 6 illustrates a cassette equipped with drive machinery; - Figure 7 shows a cassette lifted onto a transport lorry;
Figure 8 illustrates transportation of the cassette by means of a vehicle transporter; and - Figure 9 illustrates lifting of a cassette onto a vessel.
Figures 1-4 illustrate one exemplifying embodiment of an inventive system.
The system includes one or more cassettes, of which one cassette, referenc 1, is shown in Figures 1-4. Each cassette 1 has at least one floor or storey 2-5, and each floor or storey includes at least one driveway.
According to a first, preferred embodiment of the invention, each cassette 40 includes only two floors, where each floor is intended to accommodate three cars, one behind the other, see Figure 7.
Furthermore, according to this first embodiment, each cassette is equipped with conventional, standardized attachment devices (not shown) on the uppe and the lower part of the cassette framework, these attachment devices bei used to lift the cassette or casettes onboard the vessel, by means of a known container lifting yoke.
According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the cassettes can
be coupled together to form a unit which comprises several cassettes placed side-by-side and/or one above the other, said cassette unit being intended to be lifted and transported in its unit form. Figure 9 illustrate two such units 40, 41 which have been lifted onboard by means of one and the same hoist and by means of a container crane 42 onboard a vessel 43.
Thus, according to this first embodiment of the invention, the attachment devices of each cassette are so dimensioned as to enable the cassette, or cassette unit, to be lifted by a conventional container yoke 45.
For instance, a cassette 40 or a cassette unit having two floors, with each floor accommodating three cars, can be lifted onto a vehicle trans ¬ porter 44, see Figure 7, at the factory site, transported to a quay, see Figure 8, and then lifted onto a vessel 43 in a so-called container lift.
As will be understood, the cars can be transported to the quay alongside which the vessel is moored by rail instead of by road.
When the vessel has reached its destination, the cassette units are lifted from the vessel and then onto a car transporter for further transportation to their place of delivery. Alternatively, the cars, vehicles, can be driven from their cassettes on the quay side, or corresponding landing place, for further transportation in same other way.
According to this embodiment, in which the cassettes can be transported both by road and by sea, the vehicles can be driven into respective cas ¬ settes on the factory site and then transported in their cassettes to their final destination, without needing to be driven. Because car manu ¬ facturers manufacture vehicles to an ever-increasing extent for a given ultimate customer, the possibility of placing selected vehicles in a given cassette intended for transportation to a given car retailer from which said customers have ordered their vehicles is highly advantageous. The arrangemant of car transportation according to the present invention results in lower costs for ranging the vehicles both before and after long-distance transportation in comparison with transport techniques used at present.
Figure 2 illustrates another embodiment of the invention in which the
cassettes are provided with a plurality of mutually parallel driveways 6-
10. The construction of the cassettes will be described in detail in conjunction with this second embodiment of the invention, this construction principle being common to the first and the second embodiment of the invention.
The driveways 6-10 on each floor are so constructed that one or both ends
11, 12 of the driveways can be connected to ramps 13, see Figure 5. The ramps 13 are arranged so that the vehicles 29 can be driven from the quay side onto a ramp, or like device, and onto said driveways, where the vehicles are positioned one behind the other, until the cassette has been loaded with the desired number of vehicles.
Figure 5 illustrates schematically the possibility of angling one and the same ramp 13 to the horizontal plane, as indicated by the arrows 14, and also shows that the ramps can be displaced vertically, in the manner illustrated by the chain line 15.
Thus, the aforesaid ramps can be positioned in successive order so as to connect the various driveways with the quay or the like.
Figures 2 and 4 are rear views of the cassette. According to the exempli ¬ fying embodiment, the driveways have the form of tracks 16, 17 in which the wheels of the vehicles run. A floor plate 18 or like device is mounted between the tracks. The cassettes are constructed of horizontal beams 19 and vertical posts 20 and a number of braces or ties 21, which together form a frame-lattice structure. This structure is conveniently constructed from steel beams and steel plates of standard design. The cassettes are therefore relatively cheap to produce. The configuration of the cassettes can be varied in many ways, obvious to one skilled in this art, depending on the number of floors desired, the number of driveways on each floor, and the type of the vehicle which the cassettes are intended to carry.
Modern cars have essentially the same width and breadth measurements. The driveways provided in the cassettes can therefore be constructed in a manner which will enable the vehicles to be densely packed.
Subsequent to driving the maximum number of vehicles into the cassette,
the cassette is prepared for transportation onto the vessel. When offloadin the cassette, the cassette is transported from the vessel to the quay side and then connected to ramps of the aforesaid kind for driving the vehicles onto the quay or some like platform structure. The cassettes are therefore provided with wheels 22, 23.
According to one embodiment, the cassette is intended to be pulled onboard or onto the quay side by means of a pulling vehicle. To this end, each cassette is provided with a suitable coupling 24 by means of which the pulling vehicle can be coupled to the cassette. As an alternative to a pulling vehicle, the cassettes may be pulled onboard or onto the quay with the aid of cables or chains.
Alternatively, each cassette 32 may be provided with four wheels, or wheel-pairs 25, 26, and an individual motor 27 and known drive mechanisms, so that the cassette can be driven onto the vessel or off the vessel by means of its own driving mechanism, i.e. automotively, as illustrated in Figure 6.
The cassettes may include two or more floors and more than one parallel driveway on each floor. Furthermore, each driveway will have a length which will enable at least two cars to be placed one behind the other. This means that each cassette is able to accommodate several vehicles.
According to one important embodiment, the cassettes are constructed so as to enable them to be placed behind one another, to coact with driveways of two sequentially arranged cassettes so that vehicles can be driven on driveways from one cassette 30 over to another cassette 31, as illustrated in Figure 1. In practice, plates can be laid-out in the tracks 16, 17, in a manner to form a bridge for each driveway between two neighbouring cassettes. This construction can also be vised advantageously in the afore- described first embodiment of the invention.
According to one preferred embodiment, the cassettes can be coupled mechan cally with the aid of appropriate, known coupling devices, such as bolts, hooks or the like. Cassettes which are coupled together in this way will have good stability when transported onto the vessel.
Furthermore, cassettes can be coupled together with the intention of utilizing the total loading capacity of the cassettes to better effect. Assume that the lengths of the vehicles loaded into a cassette mean that each cassette is able to accommodate two and a half vehicles positioned in line, one after the other on a driveway. By coupling two cassettes together, the resultant cassette unit will accommodate five vehicles, or cars, on each driveway instead of four vehicles.
The inventive method can thus be applied in a manner which will enable vehicles to be loaded into one or more cassettes which include a number of floors, where each floor includes a number of parallel driveways. When loading the cassettes, vehicles can be driven onto the ramps, or the like, from the quay side, or the like, onto the driveways, where the vehicles, or cars, are placed in line with one another until a desired number of cassettes have been loaded with a desired number of vehicles. As shown in Figure 5, when loading and offloading the cassettes, a number of cassettes are preferably placed one after the other, whereby a number of cassettes are loaded or offloaded simultaneously with the aid of one and the same ramp. The cassettes are then transported onto the vessel. Offloading is effected in the reverse order, wherein the cassettes are transported from the vessel to the quay and the vehicles are driven out of the cassettes onto the quay, or the like with the aid of a ramp.
It will be evident from the aforegoing that the time-consuming task of loading and offloading vehicles, namely the driving of vehicles onto and the driving of vehicles off transporters, is effected on land and thus irrespective of whether the vessel is tied along side a quay or not. This means that cars can be transported to and from the cassettes at those times during which personnel are available and during the daytime. Further- more, the method affords the important advantage of enabling vehicles to be driven straight forwards when driving the vehicles into and out of the cassettes, which greatly reduces the risk of damaging the vehicles during vehicle loading and vehicle offloading operations, in comparison with the situation when vehicles are loaded and offloaded when using conventional techniques.
The present invention thus provides time-savings, cost-savings and enables the work to be planned so that the aforesaid advantages can be achieved.
It will be understood that the invention is not restricted to the described embodiments and that modifications can be made. For instance, the cassettes may be given different constructions and different sizes to the cassettes described by way of example.
Accordingly, the present invention shall not be considered to be restricted to the described and illustrated embodiments, since modifications and changes can be made within the scope of the following Claims.