The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to methods for erecting monolithic buildings using external and internal non- detachable formwork and lightweight concrete as a filler.

The task of the invention

During the construction of monolithic wall structures in removable and non- detachable formwork, there are a number of problems:

High labor intensity and cost of construction due to the large amount of finishing work after the construction of the frame and walls of the building;

High labor costs for the installation and removal of formwork panels during stripping;

Damage and wear of removable formwork panels;

A long period of drying and curing of concrete when using non- detachable formwork and , as a result, a decrease in the frost resistance of walls;

Low thermal and acoustic resistance of walls made using non- detachable formwork and lightweight cellular concrete;

Low construction rates due to the need for technological breaks for drying and curing of concrete;

Errors in the design and low accuracy of the walls being erectedassociated with insufficient care and qualifications of workers;

Insufficiently high quality of concrete of floors and columns due to uneven drying of the surface and inner layers and the occurrence of thermal stresses in the elements of the floor during drying because of this. Technical field

There is a known method of erecting monolithic walls of buildings and structures in non-detachable formwork (Russian patent No. 2198988 MPK E04G 11/02 published on February 20, 2003), in which the non-detachable formwork panels are held in the design position by flexible ties, and the non-detachable formwork is filled with concrete in layers, followed by the installation of new formwork floors .

The disadvantages of the proposed method of erecting monolithic walls in non-detachable formwork are: installation of formwork panels in the design position and their fixation for the period of pouring concrete without an external frame supporting the formwork is difficult; the need to seal the formwork floors before pouring to avoid concrete leakage through the formwork slots; uneven outer surface of the walls, and numerous cracks require further plastering and puttying; long drying time of monolithic concrete due to its drying only through the surfaces of poorly vapor-permeable formwork floors; the possibility of pouring concrete into the formwork only from above is inconvenient when constructing monolithic walls in frame buildings;

A known method of using non-detachable formwork in the construction of monolithic walls and a device for fixing formwork panels - Russian patent No. 2138607 (MPK E04G 17/065, published 09/27/1999) including plates of non-detachable formwork with coaxial holes, pieces of reinforcement that perform the function of studs, nuts, spacers elements in the form of cylindrical, conical or biconical bushings, the inner diameter of which is 0.1 - 0.2 diameters larger than the diameter of the reinforcement segments. The disadvantages of the proposed method of erecting monolithic walls in non-detachable formwork and devices for fixing formwork panels are: installation of formwork panels in the design position and their fixation for the period of pouring concrete without an external frame supporting the formwork is difficult; long drying time of monolithic concrete inside the formwork; the need to manufacture (weld) a reinforcing cage; uneven (profiled) lower surface of a monolithic ceiling, requiring additional work to decorate the ceiling;

The closest of the known inventions is a patent describing retainers and remote formwork elements (US patent No. 5761874 IPC E04B 1/38 published 08/21/1996) including elements of the outer frame of the formwork, formwork floors with through holes, longitudinal and transverse remote and fastening devices, consisting of 7 elements allowing to build monolithic concrete walls.

The disadvantages of the proposed system of structures for the construction of monolithic walls are: long drying time of monolithic concrete inside the formwork due to vapor-tight formwork and lack of internal ventilation; a large number of elements of fixing devices, their complexity and price; significant labor costs for assembling the formwork of a monolithic wall due to the large number of fixing devices loss of used metal separators and nuts fixing the device that remain in the body of the monolithic wall; the metal rods of remote fasteners left in the monolithic wall create multiple “cold bridges” in the wall, which worsen the thermal insulation properties of the walls.

An important problem of cast -in-place floors in non-detachable formwork is the slow drying of cast-in-situ concrete inside the formwork. The use of non-detachable formwork made of materials that prevent the passage of steam, for example, waterproof gypsum plasterboard, glass -magnesite and glass-concrete floors, leads to the fact that monolithic concrete inside the formwork does not dry out for several years after curing. The design humidity of 15...20%, and, accordingly, the strength and thermal conductivity of the floors is achieved in 2-3 years of operation of the building, which delays the commissioning of structures or their delivery with violations of building codes. When negative temperatures occur, the moisture inside such a concrete floor freezes, the formed ice crystals destroy the cement stone, which leads to a loss of structural strength. High- density concrete also has a high thermal conductivity, so floors constructed in this way do not protect the premises from fluctuations in outside temperatures, which is why the end parts of the floors become "cold bridges" and they have to be additionally insulated.

In addition, in the construction of monolithic structures, in particular in the method of monolithic floor structures, there are a number of problems: High labor intensity and cost of construction due to the large amount of finishing work after the construction of the frame and walls of the building;

High labor costs for the installation and removal of formwork panels; Damage and rapid wear of removable formwork panels;

Long drying time and curing of concrete inside non-detachable formwork;

Low thermal and acoustic resistance of the manufactured ceilings;

Low construction rates due to the necessary technological breaks for drying and curing of concrete;

Inaccuracies in the formwork and low accuracy of the erected floors associated with insufficient care and qualification of workers; Insufficiently high quality of the floors due to uneven drying of the surface and inner layers and the occurrence of thermal stresses in the elements of the floor due to this.

A monolithic floor is known (Russian patent No. 2165501 MPK E04V 5/40, published on April 20, 2001), including a non-detachable metal formwork made of profiled decking, a reinforcing cage, monolithic concrete with layers of polystyrene concrete .

A known method of erecting walls, ceilings in non-detachable formwork (Canadian patent No. 2144681 IPC E04G 11/06 published 09/16/1999), including non-detachable formwork, external frame, bushings and fasteners.

The disadvantages of a monolithic ceiling in non-detachable form work are: uneven upper surface of the floor, requiring further labor-intensive processing; long drying time of monolithic concrete due to its drying only through the upper surface; the need to manufacture (weld) a reinforcing cage; uneven (profiled) lower surface of a monolithic ceiling, requiring additional work to decorate the ceiling.

Also known is a construction method and a construction system (U.S. Pat. No. 4094110 IPC( 5) E04B 1/32 published 03/24/1976)

The inner shell of an arched or domed structure, according to this patent, is built from plastic heat-insulating panels, on which a layer of concrete is applied on the outside, and a layer of decorative plaster on the inside.

The disadvantage of this method of building an arched or domed structure is the following: the shell of an insulated dome or arch structure is assembled from many fragile, relatively small polystyrene panels, connected together with screws and metal reinforcing meshes. In order to collect and then evenly apply concrete outside on such a relatively fragile shell, especially in the upper part of the structure, it is necessary to erect scaffolding around the shell, which increases the cost and complicates the method of construction; in order to apply a layer of protective and decorative plaster on the inside of the polystyrene shell, it is necessary to build scaffolding inside the structure, which increases the cost and complicates the construction method; to perform "wet" technological processes to give the outer and inner shells a smooth finished look, it is necessary to spend a large amount of manual labor, this increases the cost and increases the construction time; heat-insulating polystyrene, after the expiration of the service life of the arched structure, will need to be separated from concrete and plaster and disposed of so as not to harm nature, and this significantly increases the cost of the disposal process;

Closest to the proposed invention is an arched structure (Russian patent No. 2021435, IPC (5) E04B1/32 Published: 10/15/1994) in which heat-insulating plates are used for insulation.

The arched structure is made in a prefabricated monolithic version and includes foundation blocks on which thin-walled curvilinear elements of non-detachable formwork made of concrete are installed, interconnected in a lock. Thin-walled curvilinear elements are provided with stiffening ribs formed during concreting. Heat-insulating plates are laid between the stiffening ribs. The disadvantage of this design and the method of its construction is the following: thin-walled concrete curvilinear elements are used for mounting the hangar frame, in which reinforcing metal trusses are embedded. Their manufacture at the factory, delivery to the construction site and installation, due to their fragility and large size, significantly complicates the method of erecting an arched structure; reinforcement outlets made on curved elements, in the form of grids or trusses, are greater than the thickness of the layer of heatinsulating plates, and after laying a layer of concrete over the plates, they become reinforced hangar stiffeners. But at the same time, they are also "bridges of cold", which through them enters the inner surface of the shell. This worsens the heat-insulating properties of the structure of the arched structure. for laying blocks of insulation, performing "wet" technological processes of laying concrete and giving the outer shell a smooth finished look, it is necessary to spend a large amount of manual labor, this increases the cost and increases the construction time; the disposal of this arch structure after the expiration of its service life presents significant difficulties and entails high costs. The high strength of concrete, the presence of metal reinforcement and heatinsulating plates in the internal structure requires high labor and energy costs for their separation and disposal, and can harm nature.

Thus, for the three main types of monolithic concrete structures - vertical walls and columns, horizontal floors and arched structures, the main disadvantages are:

Great labor intensity

The duration of the technological cycle of concrete drying Low strength

The need for labor-intensive and lengthy finishing work, As well as specific disadvantages due to each type of design.

Additional disadvantages:

For vertical structures - a large number of elements of fixing devices, their complexity and price; significant labor costs for assembling the formwork of a monolithic wall due to the large number of fixing devices loss of used metal separators and nuts, fixing devices that remain in the body of a monolithic wall; metal rods left in a monolithic wall, bushings of mounting fasteners create multiple "cold bridges" in the wall, which worsen the thermal insulation properties of the walls.

For horizontal structures or floors - uneven upper surface of the floor, requiring further labor-intensive processing; long drying time of monolithic concrete due to its drying only through the upper surface; the need to manufacture (weld) a reinforcing cage; uneven (profiled) lower surface of a monolithic ceiling, requiring additional work to decorate the ceiling.

For arched structures - the presence of curvilinear heavy concrete elements with reinforcing trusses; reinforcing elements and outlets that become "cold bridges"; complexity and laboriousness of finishing curvilinear surfaces.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of funds, labor and materials in the construction of monolithic structures in non-detachable formwork, accelerate the drying of concrete and reduce the construction and commissioning of buildings and structures. Also, the purpose of the invention is to improve performance, such as:

Improving heat and sound insulation characteristics, energy saving, aesthetic perception.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in order to reduce the cost and increase the speed of construction during the construction of monolithic structures, walls and columns in non-detachable formwork, a temporary external support frame is used, consisting of plastic panels, wooden or metal beams, where pre-cut plates of vapor-permeable non- detachable formwork are installed with coaxial mounting and one-sided technological holes in them. The plates installed in the supporting frame in the design position are fastened together by fasteners through vapor- permeable mounting bushings. The bushings have through holes along the axis, protrusions and depressions on the outer surface, which provide sealing and fix the reinforcement inside the wall. Concrete is poured through technological holes, which, after filling to their level, are closed with sealing plugs, and subsequent pouring is carried out through a technological hole located above. Erected walls, ceilings, arches after removing the outer frame, to speed up drying, can be blown with air or gas.

In the prototype and analogues, when erecting floors in a non- detachable formwork, only the lower, moreover, non -vapour- proof form work floor is used, which increases the drying time of concrete, leads to an increase in the delivery time of objects, additional labor and material costs in the construction of buildings and structures.

The set of features characterizing the known construction methods and devices does not ensure the achievement of new properties, and only the presence of the above distinctive features allows obtaining new properties, a new technical result. According to the invention, a method for erecting monolithic building structures with non-detachable formwork includes the following operations: a) cutting non-detachable formwork floors according to the drawings with making a number of regular fixing and technological holes in them, b) installation at the outer frame, c ) fastening to the frame at least one vapor-permeable non- detachable formwork floor, d) installation on the floor in the mounting holes of the mounting vapor-permeable bushings, e) installation of fittings in grooves on the surface of the bushings, f) installation of non-detachable formwork for the rest of the floors g) installing and tightening fasteners, h) pouring concrete inside the formwork through technological openings, installing vapor-permeable plugs in technological openings, i ) stripping at the outer frame after the concrete has set.

To ensure pore formation in concrete, a layer of pore former is applied to the inner surface of the vapor-permeable formwork floors before pouring concrete ;

Additionally, the reinforcement is installed in the grooves of the outer surface of the mounting bushings before the installation of the second formwork floor;

As the formwork space is filled with concrete through the technological holes, and its level is controlled in the technological holes, vapor-permeable plugs are installed.

The system for the construction of monolithic concrete structures by the above method includes a collapsible external frame having racks with longitudinal and transverse beams, or shields, external vapor-permeable non-detachable formwork floors with mounting and technological holes, vapor-permeable mounting bushings and plugs of technological holes, fasteners.

At the same time, the mounting bushings are made of a porous nonheat-conducting material, for example, porous plastic or wood, have a through axial hole and regular protrusions and/or grooves made on its outer surface, the width and depth of which correspond to the size of the reinforcement and ensure its fixation.

Thus, these bushings provide precise fixation of non-detachable formwork floors relative to each other, fixation and binding of reinforcement, as well as effective removal of steam from liquid concrete. Moreover, they are part of the reinforcing matrix, providing high structural strength without increasing weight, as well as increased steam generation due to the developed surface of protrusions and grooves in contact with wet concrete, while increasing the stiffness of concrete, (new technical solution).

Appropriate protrusions and grooves can also be used to fix various service fittings such as cables, pipes, etc.

The use of the claimed method and system is suitable both for vertical structures, for example, walls, columns, etc., and for horizontal structures, for example, ceilings, floors, roofs, etc. Some differences in the order of pouring, the location of technological holes on one side for horizontal structures, different load requirements for top and bottom non- detachable formwork, etc. In such cases, the mounting bushings can also serve as beacons for subsequent coatings, different floor levels, etc.

The presence of an external frame, strong external formwork plates, mounting bushings, temporary fasteners allows you to remove the formwork in the proposed method earlier, without waiting for the complete curing of cellular concrete inside the formwork when it reaches 30 ... (new technical solution). The use of vapor-permeable bushings with annular grooves in their body allows reinforcing bars to be non-detachable in the body of the bushing without additional devices by quickly pushing and snapping the reinforcement into the grooves, which reduces the installation time of internal reinforcement, reduces material consumption, eliminates the need for welding or tying reinforcement and speeds up construction (new technical solution).

Sealing individual sections of walls, rooms, or large compartments of newly built structures and creating increased or decreased air or gas pressure inside allows you to adjust the intensity of air circulation through porous bushings and vapor-permeable walls and perform controlled drying of cellular concrete inside the formwork (new technical solution).

Controlled drying of monolithic cellular concrete inside the walls ensures that they reach low thermal conductivity faster and shorter construction times (new technical solution).

The differences indicated in the above application provide the achievement of the following new technical results - reducing the cost of funds, labor and materials in the preparation and casting of monolithic floors in non-detachable formwork and accelerating the construction of buildings and structures.

The production of monolithic floors using smooth non-detachable formwork simultaneously for the lower, upper and side surfaces of the floor can significantly reduce the cost of subsequent finishing work and significantly increase the speed of construction (new technical solution).

The use of strong, smooth, thin cement floors and a temporary external frame, mounting bushings and fasteners as formwork allows you to get a solid, stable structure before pouring liquid concrete, which easily takes on external loads and a significant weight of liquid concrete and allows you to get a solid floor structure after hardening of concrete at low consumption of materials (new technical solution).

Cutting, contour according to the drawings, applied on the floors of technological holes for pouring concrete and holes for fasteners in the floor floors of columns, in the upper, lower, end vapor-permeable plates of non- detachable formwork, which are performed at the factory or directly at the construction site, reduce the time for assembling the formwork by place of application (new technical solution).

The manufacture of both the lower and upper surfaces of monolithic floors using non-detachable formwork at the same time can significantly increase the speed of construction and reduce the turnaround cycle of the formwork frame, since it allows preparatory and some stripping work without waiting for the concrete to completely harden (new technical solution).

The use of vapor-permeable formwork solves the problem of high- quality drying and curing of monolithic concrete inside the formwork due to more uniform and smoothed vapor diffusion in all layers of concrete through the surface of the upper, lower and side formwork floors (new technical solution).

The use of porous vapor-permeable bushings and plugs of technological holes inside the formwork due to the diffusion of excess moisture in the form of steam from the inner layers of a monolithic concrete mass through porous vapor-permeable bushings and plugs of technological holes regularly located in the ceiling, and this solves the problem of rapid drying of monolithic cellular concrete (new technical solution ).

Obtaining high strength of the floor structure due to the systemic effect resulting from the interaction of the loose inner layer of concrete with dense formwork floors spaced at a certain distance and connected by mounting bushings and reinforcement. This creates a new robust matrix construction, (new technical solution). In order to accelerate the construction of buildings and structures using monolithic floors, concrete is poured into non-detachable formwork with a smooth front surface. This eliminates the subsequent plastering of ceilings, rough flooring, which speeds up construction time (new technical solution).

The application of a blowing agent (for example, aluminum powder) on the inner surfaces of the vapor-permeable formwork floors makes it possible to achieve guaranteed filling of the space under the upper formwork floor, since when concrete comes into contact with aluminum powder, they enter into a chemical reaction to form foamed concrete, which creates internal pressure inside the formwork and due to this concrete is compacted, fills all voids and cavities (new technical solution).

The application of a blowing agent on the inner surfaces of the floors of vapor-permeable formwork leads to the fact that when the formwork is poured with dense concrete in the zone of contact of concrete with the lower, end and top floors, under the influence of the blowing agent (aluminum powder), layers of cellular concrete are formed, due to which part of the floor floor receives new quality properties - low thermal conductivity and good sound insulation (new technical solution).

The foregoing indicates that there is a causal relationship between the distinctive features and the technical result. According to the information available to the applicant, the proposed set of essential features that characterize the essence of the invention is not known from the prior art, therefore, the invention meets the criterion of "novelty".

The essence of the claimed invention does not follow for a specialist explicitly from the prior art. The set of features that characterize the known devices does not provide the achievement of new properties, and only the presence of distinctive features makes it possible to obtain new properties, a new technical result. Therefore, the proposed method and system of structures meet the criterion of "inventive step".

Brief description of the drawings

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials:

FIG. 1 - shows a variant of the technological scheme for the implementation of the method of erecting vertical structures;

FIG. 2 - shows a side view with a section of the wall using a vapor- permeable formwork

FIG. 3 - shows a top view of the frame structure of the columns with formwork;

FIG. 4 - shows the design options for the outer frame of the formwork of walls and columns;

FIG. 5 - shows the designs of the vapor-permeable bushing;

FIG. 6 shows the design options for the vapor-permeable plug of technological holes.

FIG. 7 - shows a variant of the technological scheme for the implementation of the method of erection of horizontal structures;

FIG. 8 - shows a side view with a section of the construction of the ceiling using a vapor-permeable formwork;

FIG. 9 - shows a sectional view of the floor with the use of vapor- permeable formwork and vapor-permeable mounting bushings;

FIG. 10 - shows a variant of the technological scheme for the implementation of the method of erecting arched structures;

FIG. 11 - shows a sectional view of the arched structure using a vapor-permeable formwork;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a fragment of the arch with the use of vapor-permeable formwork and vapor-permeable mounting bushins in the process of filling with concrete. Example 1 of the invention with vertical walls (static)

In FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the method for erecting monolithic walls in non-detachable formwork, which includes the operations:

Installation of external and internal removable frame;

Marking and cutting of formwork floors according to the drawing;

Installation of non-detachable formwork floors in the frame in the design position;

Installation of mounting vapor-permeable bushings, studs, nuts and gaskets;

Screed of formwork plates and frame with fasteners (nuts, wedges);

Installation of thrust racks;

Pouring the concrete mixture through technological holes into the formwork;

Installation of plugs for technological holes in concrete-filled areas;

Unwinding and removing the studs from the mounting bushings;

Removal of thrust racks;

Removing the outer frame;

Purging the built monolithic section of the structure with air or gas;

In FIG. 2 shows a section and a side view of a monolithic cellular concrete wall being erected, including columns e 1 , outer frame formwork 2, with support posts 3, vapor-permeable formwork floors 4, vapor- permeable bushings 5, fasteners 6, technological holes 7 and vapor- permeable plugs of technological holes 8. Reinforcing bars 9 are installed in the bushing holders 5, a sealing tape 10 is attached to the joints of the formwork plates, and concrete 11 is poured into the formwork through the pipe of the device 12.

Figure 3 shows a top view of the outer plastic frame 2, column formwork with support posts 3, vapor- permeable formwork plates 4, vapor- permeable bushings 5, fasteners 6, a sealing tape 10 is attached to the joints of the formwork plates. Also shown is a variant of the plastic outer frame 2 of the column with holes 13 and sections in the planes A-A and B- B

Figure 4 shows a variant of the design of the plastic outer frame 2 with holes 13 for access to technological holes and steam outlet.

Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a remote vapor-permeable sleeve 5 with an axial inner hole 14, annular protrusions on the end sides 15 and grooves 16 on the outer surface of the sleeve.

Figure 6 shows a view and section of a porous vapor-permeable sleeve 8 with annular protrusions on the outer cylindrical surface.

Example 1 of the invention with vertical walls (dynamics)

The objectives of the invention are to speed up construction, reduce the cost of funds, labor and materials during the construction of monolithic walls in non-detachable formwork using lightweight cellular concrete, create a method for controlled drying of concrete inside the formwork and reduce the commissioning time of buildings and structures.

To increase the speed of construction and reduce costs, a nonremovable vapor-permeable formwork 4 is used, which is installed in a temporary outer frame 1 or 2 and connected by fasteners 6 with mounting bushins 5. connection of the formwork and pouring cellular concrete 11 into a single wall. This reduces the cost of metal during construction.

To reduce material costs during the construction of monolithic walls of columns allows the external power frame holding the non-detachable formwork at the time of pouring cellular concrete inside. Moreover, such a frame can be made of longitudinal 2 and transverse 1 beams, as shown in figure 2, or in the form of a plastic panel 2 with holes 13 for access to technological holes 7 for pouring concrete 11 .

When using non-detachable formwork for erecting columns, vapor- permeable bushings 5, unlike monolithic walls, are installed in mutually perpendicular planes, alternating through one. This will ensure reliable fastening of all four formwork floors 4. At the same time, the sealing tape 10 installed at the junction of the floors 4 prevents leakage of cellular or heavy concrete 11 through the corner joints of the formwork floors. Plastic or metal structures can be used as an external rigid frame 2 in the case of columns ( Fig. 3). At the same time, in a plastic or metal plate 2 of a rigid frame, there are windows 13 for access to technological holes 7 for pouring concrete.

If, however, increased strength of the wall structure is required, for example, for external enclosing structures, reinforcing bars 9 inside the formwork can be installed and non-detachable in holders of vapor- permeable bushings 5.

The speed of construction increases due to preliminary preparation - cutting of formwork floors 4 and their assembly at the place of use using an external frame 1 or 2 with telescopic racks 3, mounting bushins 5, fasteners 6.

At the initial stage - when installing formwork 4 and pouring liquid concrete 9, a rigid connection of floors and columns of formwork 4 and concrete 11 is achieved through an external frame 1 or 2, with telescopic props 3, mounting bushins 5 and fasteners 6 (nuts, bolts, studs , rods, wedge clamps).

The diameters of the technological holes 7, the loading device pipe for supplying concrete into the formwork 12, and the plugs of the technological holes 8 are coordinated with each other so that the loading device pipe and the plug have minimal gaps with the technological hole, and the loading device pipe and the plug have shoulders that ensure their sealing .

An increase in the speed of construction is also achieved by accelerating the speed of building a wall. To do this, vapor-permeable formwork floors 4 are installed in the racks or frame floors 1 or 2 in the design position. Mounting bushins 5 are installed between the non- detachable formwork floors 4, which are non-detachable with fasteners 6, for example, studs and nuts. Adjustment bushins 5 provide the required distance between the formwork floors, and fastening devices 6 and telescopic racks 3 fix the frame and formwork floors in the design position. At the same time, both halves of the frame 1 .2, both formwork floors 4 are non-detachable simultaneously on each of the wall sections with one stud with nuts. This can significantly reduce the time for assembling the wall formwork. The annular grooves 14 in the vapor-permeable distance sleeve 4 also allow to reduce the time of erection of a monolithic wall, which allow the reinforcing bars 9 to be non-detachable in the body of the sleeve without additional devices, by quickly pushing and snapping the reinforcement into the grooves 14. the formwork plates are glued from the inside with sealing adhesive tape 10 to prevent concrete leaks . pouring the inter -form space. The pouring of concrete 11 into the formwork is carried out by means of a pouring pipe 12 through the technological holes 7 in the floor 4 until the concrete reaches the level of the hole 7, after which the pipe 12 is removed, and the hole 7 is closed with a plug 8 and the pouring continues through the technological holes located above.

After pouring cellular concrete 11 inside the non-detachable formwork and its hardening, the outer frame 1 , 2 is removed and used for further construction. At the same time, it is possible to remove the frame 1 , 2 and racks 3 without waiting for the final hardening of concrete 11 , but when it reaches 30 ... 40% of the design strength. This significantly increases the turnover of the frame.

After removing the frame 1 ,2, the walls are blown with air or gas through the holes 13 in the vapor-permeable bushings, for example, by partially sealing the window and door openings of the room and creating increased pressure in it, and in the case of low humidity of the ambient air, by creating a reduced pressure inside the room.

The use of the proposed method and system of structures allows to reduce the cost of funds, labor and materials in the construction of monolithic floors and columns in non-detachable formwork and speed up the commissioning of buildings and structures.

In addition to vapor-permeable plates and bushings, all other parts of the complex - scaffolding, frames, fittings and machines , are produced and widely used in construction. Therefore, the transition to a new method of erecting monolithic ceilings and columns will not be technically and organizationally difficult.

Example 2 of the invention of the construction of ceilings in non- detachable formwork (Fig.7).

The technological scheme includes operations:

Installation of racks and lower beams of the outer frame;

Marking and cutting formwork floors with holes according to the drawing;

Installation of permanent formwork floors in the design position;

Applying a blowing agent to the inner surface of the formwork panels;

Installation of mounting vapor-permeable bushings, studs, nuts and gaskets;

Installing and fixing fittings in the grooves of the mounting bushings;

Installation of beams of the upper part of the formwork frame;

Fixing the outer frame and formwork floors with fasteners;

Pouring concrete mixture into technological holes;

Installation of plugs for technological holes in concrete-filled areas;

Setting and hardening of concrete;

Disassembly and removal of fasteners; Dismantling of the upper and lower beams and racks of the outer frame;

Installation of temporary supporting floor racks;

In FIG. 8 shows a variant of the technological scheme of the method of erecting monolithic floors in non-detachable formwork. It includes a frame consisting of transverse 1 and longitudinal beams 2, telescopic racks 3, non-detachable formwork floors 4, straight and tripod vapor-permeable mounting bushins 5, fasteners 6, technological holes 7, vapor-permeable plugs of technological holes 8, formwork rods 9, sealing tape 10 and concrete 11

In FIG. 9 shows a section of a monolithic floor in a non-detachable formwork and a system of structures for implementing the method of erecting floors, which include: longitudinal and end beams 1 , 2, non- detachable formwork floors 4, straight and tripod vapor-permeable mounting bushins 5, fasteners 6, technological holes 7, vapor-permeable plugs of technological holes 8, formwork bars 9, sealing tape 10 and heavy concrete 11 and porous concrete 13.

Example 2 in dynamics.

On the finished base (Fig. 8), a temporary external frame is installed in the design position with racks 3, transverse 2 and longitudinal 1 beams on which pre-marked and drilled floors of the lower formwork 4 are laid on which by means of three-legged and straight bushings 5, fasteners 6 and side beams 2 floors of non-detachable side formwork 4 are fixed. Fasteners 6 are inserted into the holes in the beams of the outer frame 1 , 2 and formwork floors 4, on which mounting bushings are put on top. In the housings of the bushings 5 there are protrusions and grooves 16, the width and depth of which is equal to the size of the inserted reinforcement 9, the upper formwork floors 4, the upper beams of the outer frame 1 ,2 are laid over the bushings and this entire structure is clamped with fasteners 6, for example, studs, nuts or wedges. At the same time, both frame beams 1 and both formwork floors 4 are non-detachable simultaneously on each of the floor sections with one fastener. This allows to significantly reduce the time for assembling the floor formwork. Formwork floors are installed immediately on the entire floor area or on its part (grip) and can be additionally installed in the course of pouring between the formwork space. The joints of the formwork floors are glued from the inside with a sealing tape 10 to prevent concrete leakage, after which concrete 11 is poured into the formwork from above or from the side through the technological holes 7. Adjustment bushings 5 provide the desired distance between the formwork floors 4, and fasteners 6 and racks 1 fix the frame and floors formwork 4 in the design position. A layer of blowing agent is applied to the surface of the floors 4 , which, in contact with concrete 11 , forms a small layer of foamed cellular concrete, which creates additional pressure, compacts and levels the concrete.

The speed of construction increases due to preliminary preparation - cutting of formwork floors 4 and its assembly at the place of use using an external frame, mounting bushins, braces and fasteners.

After pouring concrete 11 into the non-detachable formwork and its hardening, the beams 2 and 3 of the outer frame with the posts 1 are removed and used for further construction, and the non-detachable formwork 4 remains in place. This reduces the complexity of the construction, no additional wet finishing of floors and ceilings of structures is required. At the same time, it is possible to remove the frame without waiting for the final hardening of concrete, but when it reaches 30 ... 40% of the design strength, which significantly increases the turnover of the elements of the outer frame. Both before and after the removal of the outer frame through the vapor-permeable surface of the formwork floors 4, vapor- permeable bushings 5 and vapor-permeable plugs 8, the concrete dries quickly and gains design strength. The design humidity is 15...20%, the strength and thermal conductivity of the floors is achieved depending on the weather conditions in 2-5 months, and not within a few years, which speeds up the commissioning of structures and their delivery without violating building codes. Foamed concrete in the surface layers of the floors has a low thermal conductivity, so the floors erected in this way do not become "cold bridges" and do not need to be additionally insulated.

The use of the proposed method and system of structures allows to reduce the cost of funds, labor and materials in the construction of monolithic ceilings in non-detachable formwork and speed up the commissioning of buildings and structures.

The method of erecting ceilings in non-detachable formwork and a set of structures is applicable in the construction of modern buildings and structures. In addition to vapor-permeable bushings, all other parts of the complex - scaffolding, frames, vapor-permeable floors, fittings and machines , are produced and widely used in construction. Therefore, the transition to a new method of erecting monolithic ceilings will not be technically and organizationally difficult.

Example 3. A method of erecting arched structures.

The method of erecting arched structures in non-detachable formwork ( Fig. 10) includes the following operations: installation of an internal removable frame; marking and cutting of formwork floors according to the drawing; installation of non-detachable formwork floors in the frame in the design position; installation of mounting vapor-permeable bushings, studs, nuts; installation of external frame beams; screed of formwork plates and frame with fasteners (nuts, wedges); pouring the concrete mixture through technological holes into the formwork; installation of plugsof technological openings on the sites filled with concrete; curing of concrete; disassembly and removal of fasteners from the mounting bushings; removal of the inner frame; removal of external frame beams; purging a built-in monolithic structure with air or gas;

The arched structure, at the stage of assembling temporary inner and outer frames and pouring the formwork with concrete (Fig. 11), includes vertical posts and horizontal scaffolds 3 installed on the foundation 17.

On the section of the monolithic wall of the arched structure (Fig. 12), internal continuous 1 and external split beams 2 of the temporary frame, floors of internal and external non-detachable formwork 4, vapor-permeable mounting bushings 5 and fastening devices 6, technological holes 7 in non- detachable formwork floors, technological plugs holes 8, cellular concrete 11 and concrete supply device 12 and sealing tapes 10.

The sectional view of the mounting vapor-permeable sleeve 5 shown in figure 5 shows that the sleeve consists of a body 14 made of porous plastic, wood, or other vapor-permeable material in the form of a cylinder, triangular, rectangular polygonal parallelepiped with an axial hole 13, and regular grooves 16 on the side surface . Figure 6 shows a view and section of a vapor-permeable sleeve 8 made of porous plastic having annular deformable protrusions 15 on the side cylindrical surface.

Example 3. Description in dynamics

The arched structure is constructed as follows:

A strip or pile foundation 17 is arranged on a leveled site and the internal frame of the arched structure 3 is installed. The frame 3 consists of a number of vertical posts, horizontal scaffolds and internal arched beams 1 . On the arched beams 1 , across the entire width of the grip, row by row, close to each other, they lay pre-cut internal flexible cement vapor- permeable floors 4. Fasteners 6 are inserted into the holes in the floors 4 and beams 1 , on which vapor-permeable mounting bushins 5 are put on. From above, on fasteners 6 and bushins 5, pre-cut external vapor- permeable cement formwork boards are installed close to each other 4. On the ends of the fasteners 6, sharpening from the outer plates 4, put on the outer split beams 2 of the frame, which have corresponding holes for this. After that, the outer and inner formwork floors 4 and the arcs of the removable frame 1 are pulled together with fasteners 6 (nuts, wedges). Then the joints of the outer and inner floors are glued with sealing tapes 10. A concrete supply device 12 is inserted into the technological holes 7 in the formwork floors and cellular concrete 11 is poured into the formwork.

After filling the formwork to the level of the technological hole 7, a plug 8 is inserted into it, and the subsequent pouring of concrete , according to the regulations, is carried out through the technological holes 7 located above. 2 and the inner frame 1 of the racks and scaffolds 3. After that, similar actions are performed on the next grip, thus increasing the length of the arched structure. After the casting of monolithic arched and straight or spherical end walls of the arched structure is completed, the built-in monolithic structure is blown with air or gas to accelerate the drying of concrete inside the monolithic walls.

Industrial Applicability

Due to the low specific gravity of cellular concrete and the low weight of the entire arched structure, it is possible to build it on a light foundation. An insulated arched hangar can serve as a warm garage for storing cars, a warm storage room, a freezer, as a warehouse, industrial, administrative, sports and other facility.

The use of an insulated arch structure in animal husbandry will allow growing healthy livestock in it with minimal energy consumption for maintaining livestock buildings in areas with both cold and hot climates.