BACKGROUND

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to methods of treating tissue, and more specifically to methods of treating adipose tissue prior to implantation.

[0002] Autologous fat transfer is a process that can be used for cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. During autologous fat transfer, adipose tissue is harvested from one portion of a patient's body and is reimplanted in a different anatomic site. Generally, the harvested tissue is processed before reimplantation to remove undesirable substances such as pharmaceuticals introduced into the tissue during harvesting, and/or to increase the concentration of viable cells by removing excess fluids and non-viable materials such as extracellular matrix proteins and blood.

[0003] In the past, physicians have used various processing conditions in an attempt to improve the quality of adipose tissues for reimplantation. For example, poloxamers have been used in an attempt to stabilize or alter adipocyte cell membranes. Such approaches, however, may be overly complicated or expensive.

[0004] Current methods for processing adipose tissue for autologous fat transfer are effective but may be improved to provide higher-quality tissue for reimplantation. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides improved methods for processing tissue for autologous fat transfer.

[0005] According to certain embodiments, a method of treating tissue is provided. The method can comprise selecting a tissue comprising adipocytes for implantation; contacting the tissue with a detergent at a concentration and time sufficient to remove non-viable materials from the tissue; and rinsing the tissue to remove the detergent.

[0006] In addition, according to certain embodiments, tissue compositions comprising adipocyte-containing tissues prepared according to the disclosed methods are also provided. Also provided are methods of treatment comprising harvesting adipose tissue, processing the tissue according to any of the disclosed methods, and reimplanting the tissue into a patient.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0007] Reference will now be made in detail to certain exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure, certain examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.

[0008] In this application, the use of the singular includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise. Also in this application, the use of "or" means "and/or" unless stated otherwise. Furthermore, the use of the term "including," as well as other forms, such as "includes" and "included," are not limiting. Any range described herein will be understood to include the endpoints and all values between the end points.

[0009] The section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the subject matter described. All documents, or portions of documents, cited in this application, including but not limited to patents, patent applications, articles, books, and treatises, are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety for any purpose.

[0010] Autologous fat transfer is a procedure that involves harvesting a patient's adipose tissue for implantation elsewhere in the patient's body. Adipose tissue grafting involves a number of steps, which can include: collecting;

processing, and/or implantation of the tissue.

[0011] Harvested adipose tissue, as may be used for fat transfer, may contain substances that can adversely affect the viability of adipose cells after implantation. For example, harvested adipose tissue may contain Ringer's lactate solution, epinephrine, blood, and free lipids, as well as particulates including extracellular matrix. Some of these substances, including blood, free lipids and collagen, can incite an inflammatory response that may adversely impact the ability of the adipose tissue to successfully integrate upon implantation.

[0012] Moreover, in some cases, it is desirable to control the number of adipocytes per unit volume of tissue to be implanted. For example, certain substances such as water, blood, and extracellular matrix proteins may be reabsorbed or broken down by the body after implantation. Accordingly, the volume of tissue that is implanted can decrease significantly after implantation, thereby inadequately filling an implantation site. It may, therefore, be desirable to remove certain amounts of water, blood, proteins, and/or materials other than adipocytes in order to increase the concentration of adipocytes per unit volume of tissue prior to reimplantation.

[0013] Harvested adipose tissue is often washed with crystalloid solutions such as sterile saline solutions or Ringer's lactate to decrease the amount of nonviable materials or contaminants in the adipose tissue. Washing with such solutions, however, may not remove sufficient amounts of non-viable materials or contaminants. The present disclosure provides enhanced methods of treatment of harvested tissue to improve tissue viability after implantation. In certain

embodiments, the present disclosure provides an improved method to wash harvested tissue to remove substances that may adversely affect a tissue graft after implantation. Further, washing the tissue according to the methods of the present disclosure can result in an increased concentration of viable adipocytes per unit of tissue. In certain embodiments, the tissue is prepared such that the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue is at least two times the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue in unprocessed human adipose tissue.

[0014] In various embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure provide more effective washing, which results in increased removal rates of deleterious or non-viable substances compared to washing with saline or Ringer's lactate solutions. In one embodiment, the tissue treated according to the methods of the present disclosure has an increased likelihood of remaining viable after implantation. Furthermore, after rinsing, water may be removed from the tissue by drying, suction, compression, or other suitable means in order to increase the concentration of adipocytes prior to implantation.

[0015] In various embodiments, the methods include washing tissue with biocompatible detergents. In various embodiments, the detergent is a nonionic detergent. In certain embodiments, the detergent may also be referred to as a washing agent or surfactant. Detergents may include commercially sold detergents, as well a solutions prepared by the dilution of commercially available detergents. Detergents useful in the present disclosure are nontoxic, medical grade, and/or biocompatible detergents.

[0016] In certain embodiments, the detergents are approved for human and veterinary use. In various embodiments, the detergents meet the standards of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), the European Pharmacopoeia (EP), the British Pharmacopoeia, and/or the International Pharmacopoeia. In certain embodiments, the detergents meet the standards of the United States Pharmacopoeia and the National Formulary (USP-NF). Non-exclusive examples of detergents useful in the methods of the present disclosure include TWEEN and TRITON-X. In certain embodiments, the detergent can include common soaps formed of synthetic surfactants and/or animal derived surfactants (e.g., tallow). In some embodiments, the detergent comprises a biocompatible detergent. In some embodiments, the detergent comprises a surfactant that is not a poloxamer.

[0017] Washing of adipose tissue may be carried using a variety of techniques and processing conditions. In certain embodiments, the removal of nonviable material from the harvested tissue may be further enhanced by maximization of the tissue surface brought into contact with the detergent. In certain

embodiments, enhanced surface contact is achieved by agitating the tissue and/or the washing solution. Agitation can include mechanical stirring, shaking, and/or pressurized application of washing fluid to achieve a fluidized bed-like behavior.

[0018] In some embodiments, the detergent and non-viable materials are removed from the tissue by rinsing prior to implantation. In some embodiments, the tissue is rinsed with sterile saline. In some embodiments, the washed tissue is rinsed more than once until desired removal of the detergent and/or non-viable materials is achieved.

[0019] The methods of the present disclosure can be performed under conditions sufficient to effectively remove non-viable materials that may lead to undesirable tissue inflammation. The methods of the present disclosure are also directed to the removal of non-viable material, such that the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue is greater than the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue in unprocessed human adipose tissue. In one embodiment, the methods of the present disclosure are used to prepare tissue such that the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue is at least two times the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue in unprocessed human adipose tissue.

[0020] The methods of the present disclosure can be performed using a variety of different devices and/or systems. For example, washing according to the methods of the present disclosure can be performed using any suitable container such as a liposuction collection system, a bag, or other biocompatible container. In addition, specialized washing systems may be used. For example, a suitable device for collecting, washing, and/or processing adipose tissue is discussed in U.S.

Provisional Patent Application Number 61/653,011 , which was filed on May 20, 2012, and is titled "Device for Harvesting, Processing, and Transferring Adipose Tissue."

[0021] In various embodiments, tissue compositions are also provided. The tissue compositions can comprise adipocyte-containing tissues prepared according to to any of the foregoing methods. In some embodiments, tissue compositions comprise adipose tissue, and the tissue is prepared such that the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue is greater than the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue in unprocessed human adipose tissue. In other embodiments, the tissue is prepared such that the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue is at least two times the number of viable adipocytes per volume of tissue in unprocessed human adipose tissue.

[0022] Also provided are methods of treatment using tissues prepared according to any of the forgoing methods. In certain embodiments, the methods comprise harvesting adipose tissue, treating the tissue according to any of the methods described herein, and implanting the tissue. [0023] It will be appreciated that, although the exemplary methods described herein are suitable for processing of tissue for autologous fat transfer, the methods can be used for other types of fat transfer, including allogeneic and xenogeneic procedures.

[0024] It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts that other suitable modifications and adaptations to the methods and applications described herein are suitable and may be made without departing from the scope of the invention or any embodiment thereof. While the invention has been described in connection with certain embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms set forth, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.