The presently disclosed enibodiinents are related, in general to cellular networks. More particularly, the presently disclosed embodiments are related to methods and systems lor operating one or more cellular networks.

BACKGROUND Of INVENTION

Advancements m the field of telecommunication sector have led to a tremendous increase in the number o f mobile users . To provid e radio co verage to the Increasing iiuniher of mobile users,, the number of cellular networks in most of the developed nations has also increased. Cellular networks such as 2G/ GSM, 3G/ UMTS, 40/ LTE, LTE-Advanced and SG networks are used predominantly i n most of the developing and developed nations, Some of the legacy cellular networks such as GSM, 3G/ U MTS provide coverage to a large area using less number of cellular towers. However,, the data transmission rate of these networks is very low. On. the other hand, state of the art cellular networks such as the 4G and 5G cellular networks provide high data transmission rate but require a more number of cellular towers as compared to the 26 and 3G networks;

In some scenarios multiple networks may be used to serve the same geographical area. However, with the use of multiple networks, the cost of maintenance and energy consumption also increases. Further, the battery consumption rate of any user equipment largely depends on the type of network services that are accessed by the cellular network If a cellular network with a high data transmission rate is accessed, the charging level of the battery in. the user equipment/mobile device also drops quickly. Further, the mobile traffic load conditions In a particular geographical area may change periodically which results in under use or over use of the cellular network capability. Further limitations and disadvantages ofconventional and traditional approaches will become apparentto one of skill in. the art, through comparison of described systems with some aspects of the present disclosure, as set forth in the remainder of the present application and with reference to the accompanying figures.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

According to embodiments illustrated herein, there may be provided a method for operatiiig one or more cellular networks "based on mobile traffic load condition. The method may monitor a set o f cellular reworks in a geographi cal area to rece ive mobile traffi c load condition corresponding to a set of mobile devices m the geographical area. In one embodiment, the mobile traffic load condition may be determined periodically after a predefined time interval; Further, each cellular network from the set of cellular networks may provide radio coverage to the set of mobile devices in the geographical area. The set of cellular networks include a set. of low data transmission rate Cellular network, a set of medium data. transmission rate cellular networks, and a set of high data transmission rate-cellular networks. The method may -.further compute a bandwidth threshold level based on the mobile traffic toad condition corresponding to the set of mobile devices. At this step, the bandwidth threshold level is computed based on the mobile traffic load condition. The bandwidth threshold level is further used for activating or deactivating the one or more network cells. Further, the predefined time interval is considered since, the mobile traffic load conditions may change after each predefined time interval and accordingly the one or more network: cells may be activated. The method may further activate after each predefined traffic interval, one or more network cells corresponding to the set of low data transmission rate cellular network in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile devices when the bandwidth threshold level is below a first predefined threshold value. The predefined time interval Is used to check the network traffic condition after the predefined time interval and accordingly take the decision on which cells need to be activated/deactivated. Further, the network traffic load condition, is already considered while computing the bandwidth threshold level. The method may further activate after each predefined time interval, one or more network cells corresponding to each of the set of low data transmission rate cellular network and the set of medium data transmission rate cellular networks in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile devices, when the bandwidth threshold level is between the first predefined threshold value and a second predefined threshold value. The method may -farther activate after each predefined time interval one or more network cells corresponding to each, of the set of low data transmission rate cellular network, the set of medium data transmission rate cellular networks, and the set of high data transmission rate cellular .networks in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile devices, when the bandwidth threshold level Is above, the second predefined threshold value. The method may farther -deactivate the remaining network cells in the geographical area after each predefined traffic, interval

According to embodiments-illustrated herein, there-may be provided a system that comprises one Or more processors configured to operating or more cellular networks based on mobile traffic load condition. The one or more: processors may be configured to monitor a set of cellular networks in a geographical area to receive mobile traffic load condition corresponding to a set of mobile devices in the geographical area, in one embodiment the mobile traffic load condition may be determined periodically after a predefined time interval. Further, each cellular network from the set of cellular networks may provide radio coverage to the set of mobile devices in the geographical area. The set of cellular networks -Include a set of low data transmission /rate cellular network, a set of medium data: transmission rate cellular networks, and a set of high data transmission, rate cellular networks. The one or more processors: may be further configured to compute a bandwidth threshold level based on the mobile traffic load condition corresponding to the set of mobile devices. The one or more processors may be further configured to activate after each predefined, time interval one or more network ceils corresponding to the set of low data transmission rate cellular network in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile devices when the bandwidth threshold level Is below a first predefined-threshold value. The one or .more processors may be iisrther configured to activate after each predefined time Interval, one or more network cells corresponding to each of the set of low data transmission rate cellular network and the set of medium data transmission rate cellular networks in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile devices, when the bandwidth threshold levelis between the first predefmed threshold val ue anda second, predefined threshold value. The one or more processors may be further configured to activate after each predefined time interval one or more network cells corresponding to each of the set of low data transmission rate cellular network, the set of medtttm data transmission rate .cellular networks*, and the set of high data transmission rate cellular networks in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile devices, when the bandwidth threshold, level is above the second predefined threshold value. The one or more processors may be further configured. to deactivate the remaining network cells in. the geographical area after each predefined time interval.

According to embodiments illustrated, herein, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon, a set of computer-executable instructions forcausing a computer comprising one or more processors to monitor a set of cellular networks in a geographical area to receive mobile traffic load condition corresponding to a set of mobile devices in the geographical area. In one embodiment, the mobile traffic load condition may be determined, periodically after a predefined time interval. Further, each cellular network, from the set of cellular .networks may provide radio coverage to the set of mobile devices in the geographical area. The set of cellular networks include a set of low data transmission rate cellular network, a set of medium data, transmission rate cellular networks, and a set of high data transmission rate cellular networks. The one or more processors may be. further configured to compute a bandwidth threshold level based on the mobile traffic load condition corresponding to the set of mobile devices. The one or more processors may be further configured to activate after each predefined time Interval, one. or more network cells corresponding to the set of low data transmission rate cellular network in the geographical area to provision radio co verage to the set of mobile devices when the bandwidth threshold level is below a first predefined threshold value. The one or more processors may be further configured to activate after each predefined time interval, one or more network cells corresponding to each of the set of low data transmission rate cellular network and the set of medium data transmission rate cellular networks in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mo bi le devices, when the band width threshold level is between the first predefined threshold value and a second predefined threshold value. The due or more processors may be further configured to activate after each predefined time interval one or pore network cells corresponding to each of the set of low data transmission rate cellular network, the set of medium data transmission rate cellular networks, and the set of high data transmission rate cellular networks in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile, devices, when the bandwidth threshold level is above the second predefined threshold value. The one or more processors may be further configured to deactivate the remaining network cells in the geographical area after each predefined time interval

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying figures ifiustrate the various embodiments of systems, methods, and other aspects of the disclosure. Any person with ordinary skills in the art will appreciate that the illustrated element boundaries (e.g., boxes, groups of boxes, or other shapes) in the figures represent one example of the boundaries, in some examples, one element may be designed as multiple elements, or multiple elements may fee designed as one element in some examples,, an element shown as an internal component of one element may he implemented as an. external component in another, and vice versa. Further, the elements may not be drawn to scale.

Various embodiments will hereinafter be described in accordance with the appended figures, which, are provided to illustrate and not to limit the scope In any manner, wherein similar designations denote similar elements, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a network implementation in which various embodiments of the method and the system may be implemented;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram ofthe system configured to operate the set of cellular networks; PIG. 3 is a sequence diagram: illustrating sequence of steps performed by the system;

FIG. 4 discloses behavior of constraint parameters that impact the cellular network coverage;

FIG. 5 discloses graph representing behavior of coverage (fitness function) with change in the constraint parameters;

FIG. 6 discloses Cell Radii versus Receiver Sensitivity Power for Different MCSs; FIG. 7 discloses a graph of LTE data rate versus BW for different MCSs, at two antennas; FIG.8 discloses a graph of 5G Data rate versus a number of the antenna for different MCSs; FIG.. discloses a graph of hourly load profiles for various sites and total power consumption over the network traffic load;

PIG, 10 discloses comparison of Energy Savings between the Related Works and the Multi-RAT Switch Off/On Algorithm Proposed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present disclosure may be best understood with reference to the detailed figures and description set forth herein. Various- embodiments are discussed below with reference to the figures. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the detailed descriptionsgiven herein with respect to the figures are simply for explanatory purposes as the methods and systems may extend beyond the described embodiments. For example, the teachings presented ancl the needs of a particular application may yield -multiple alternative and suitable approaches to implement the functionality of any. detail described herein. Therefore, any approach may extend beyond the particular implementation choices in the following; embodiments described and. shown _*

References to "one embodiment/ "at least One embodiment," "an embodiment/' "one example," "an example/ "for example," and so on indicate that the embodiment(s) or example{s} may include a particular feature,, structure, characteristic, property, element,or limitationbutthatnot

every embodiment or -example necessarily includes that particular feature, structure, characteristic, property, element, or limitation. Further, repeated use of the phrase "in an embodiment does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment

Definitions: The following terms shall have, for the purposes of this application, the respective meanings set forth below.

A "cellular network" refers to at least one of, but is not limited to, a set of wireless networks, in an embodiment, the wireless network may be enabled through a set of radio transmitters and receivers mounted on a set of radio towers, in an embodiment, the cellular network may he controlled through a central server, hereafter referred to as the multi-RAT controller or- the system. A "mobile device" corresponds; to an electronic device Configured to connect with the cellular network for transrai tting and receiving data. The mobile device refers to at least one of but is not limited to, a cellphone, a computer, a laptop, a tablet a PDA, oran lOT device,

A "cellular network" corresponds to a set of medium -data transmission rate cellular networks, and a set of high data transmission rate cellular networks.

A "low data transmission rate cellular network" refers to a radio network with low data transmission rate. The low data transmission rate cellular network may he configured to provide radio coverage to a geographical area using less number of cellular towers as compared to the high data transmission rate cellular network, in on embodiment the low data transmission- rate cellular network may be one of 2G cellular network or a 3G cellular network.

A "medium data transmission rats eellidar network" refers to a radio network with moderate data, transmission rate:. The medium data transmission rate cellular network may fee configured- -to provide radio coverage to a:geographical area using more number of .cellular towers m compared to the: low data transmission rate cellular network. In on embodiment the medium, data transmission rate cellular network may he one of 4G cellular networks,

A "high data transmission rate cellular network" refers to a radio network with high data transmission rate. The high data transmission rate cellular network may be conflguredto provide radio coverage to a geographical area using more number of cellular towers as compared to the medium data transmission, rate cellular network, In on embodiment the high data transmission rate cellular network may he one of SG ce llular networks or any upcoming cellular network,

FIG.1 is a block diagram that illustrates a network implementation 100 in which various embodiments of the method and the system 102 may be implemented, in accordance with at least, one emhodtmest. The network implementation 100 describes the deployment topology of the mm-Wave SG small cell integrated with the underlay LTE/LTE-A (4G) and UMTS (3G) networks. The network implementation 100 may include a multi-RAT controller hereafter referred to as the system 102. The system 102 may bo configured to operate a set of cellular networks 106 in a geographical area 104, The topology of each cellular network in th e geographical, area is such that each cellular network in fee geographical area is configured to provide radio coverage to the user equipment's in the geographical area, hi an embodiment, the set of cellular networks 106 may include a set of low data transmission rate cellular network l.OSa, a set of medium- _: data transmission rate cellular networks 106b, and a set of high data transmission rate cellular networks 106c. Further, each of the set of low data transmission rate cellular network (106a), the set of medium data transmission rate cellular networks, and the set of high data transmission ^' rate cellular networks (106c) are configured to provide radio coverage at each. location in the geographical area (104) such that the mobile devices/ user equipment's in the geographical area 1,04 ntay communicate through each of the set of cellular networks 106. when activated, in one embodiment the system 102 is configured to receive mobile traffic load condition from the set of cellular networks. Based on the mobile traffic load condition the system 102 is configured to switch off/ on at least one cellular network for load balancing and coverage management, In one embodiment, the system 102 enables a method for exploitation of coexistence among the set of cellular networks 106 which include UMTS, LTE, and SG cellular networks in order to achieve energy savings with guaranteeing maximum coverage, prolong mobile device/user equipment (UE) battery lifetime, and flexibility and reliability algorithm. Since the power consumption grows proportionally with the number of cells., the system 102 is configured to switching off/on. cells according to the mobile traffic load conditions, if the traffic is low in a given area, high data transmission rate cellular networks such as SG cells may be switched off, and the radio coverage and service may be provided by the set of low data, transmission rate cellular network and the set of medium data transmission- rate cellular networks, such as the UMTS and LTE cells. Whereas, during the idle traffic both of the high and medium data transmission rate cellular networks such as 5G and LTE ceils may be switched off, and: the radio coverage and service .may be provided by the UMTS cells only. In on embodiment, the system.102 may benefit one or more telecommunication service providers in terms of network planning and implementation, with specific focus on green radio, krone embodiment, the system 102 enables aft overlaid network model of millimeter-Wave (mm- Wave) 5G small cell with massive Multiple-input Multiple- Output (M-MIMO) integrated with the: underlay 3G: (UMTS) and -4G (LTE) system, as -shewn in FIG. 1, to achieve balance- between performance (high data rate) and energy savings based on switching off/on strategy of the network cells.

Further the system 102 is configured to switched off/on the Base Stations (BSs) from the set of cellular networks 1.06 for management among multi-RAT of UMTS, LTE, and mm Wave. SG cellular networks, in one embodiment, the system 102 is configured for switching off/on the BSs according to traffic load conditions, while guaranteeing -service -and maximum coverage for users. Moreover, the invention takes into consideration of (i) legacy cellular networks (3G and 4G), (ii) long-term green radio solution (Post-BG), fib} flexible and reliable multi-RAT BSs switched Off/On algorithm, (lv) coverage and radio service, and (v) mobile -device/UE battery lifetime. In- one embodiment, the system 102 enables mm- Wave 5G small cell with M-MIMO; The physical layer technologies that are considered for SG wireless communications include M-MiMO techniques with mm-waves in small cell geometries, which consider the 5G transmission technologies for supporting an increase in the volume of traffic. Further, the system 102 enables: a Centralized-Radio Access Network (C-RAN ) architecture, in C-RAN, the BSs are evolved into a topology consisting of remote radio heads (RRHs] distributed at different, geographic locations and a baseband process unit-(BBU) pool in the wireless cloud at the system 102, The RRHs are connected to the wireless network cloud via front haul networks. Although optical fiber is needed for the front haul, a microwave link or nun-wave, may be used for some small radio site configurations, which provide (i) Reduce the equipment in the cell site cabin, hence reduce the cooling system size, allow fast data transfer and Low latency between MRAT server (central office) and cell sites, due to used D-RoF. In one embodiment the network topology involves overlaid mm-Wave SG small cell integrated with the underlay UMTS and LTE cells, as shows In FIG. 1. Further, the Multi-RAT BSs switching off/on algorithm. is disclosed; in FiG 3.

In one embodiment, the system 102 aims to achieve a balance between network performance and energy efficiency via a dynamic multi-RAT BSs switching off/on strategy based on the traffic load- conditions, in one embodiment, mobile traffic load conditions such as high, low, and idle may be considered by the system 102. The system: 102 further enables the BSs switching algorithm adapted to operate any cellular network from the set of cellular networks based on mobile traffic load condition. in one embodiment, when High Traffic Load (0.4≤ traffic load (l)≤ 1),the system 102 Is configured to operate the set of ce llular networks in such a way that a high speed data rate in addition to a full radio coverage area wi th high Quality of Service (QoS) is provided to the set of mobile devices in the geographical area. In tMs case, all cellular network BSs (UMTS, LTE, and SG) are active and operate with, full functionality to provide the best performance for the network and meet the needs of mobile su bscribers, However, the coverage priori ty may start from the mm- Wave SG small cells. Along with delivering data, the 5G BSs monitor the network traffic load condition on the mobile wireless network periodically and determines whether the SG BSs can be turned off when the -network traffic load condition drops below a certain threshold 1≤ 0,4, and stays below th e thresho ld for a certain peri od of time. in one embodiment, if the mobile traffic load condition drops (ie. 0.1≤ I≤ Q.4% the system. 102 is configured to enable energy saving by taking into consideration (i) fulfil the demand of the mobile subscribers; (ii) switch off the largest possible number of neighbouring, ceils, guaranteeing significant reductions in energy use; and (iii) provide fall radio coverage to the neighbouring .cells, and guaranteeing service during switch-off sessions, in this case, the SG BSs may he switched off, and service and coverage for users may be guaranteed by LTE and UMTS BSs. The SG switching off procedures involve three steps: (i) pre-processing state, (ii) decision state, (in) postprocessing state. In one embadimeiit, the connected link between the cell alar networks (UMTS, LTE, 5G) and the system 102, which in eludes -multi-RAT server may he (I) wireless link (microwave or -mm-wave); or (ii) wired link (optical fiber). Although optical fiber is .needed, a microwave link or mm-wave may be used for small radio site configurations-. d«e to local council requirement andirapractical to employ fiber optic cables in an area with limited access,

PHI -2 is- a block diagram that illustrates the system 102 configured to operate the set of cellular networks 106, in accordance with at least one embodiment. FIG, 2 is explained in conjunction with elements from FIG, 1. In an embodiment, the system 102 includes a processor 202, a memory 204, and data 206, The- memory 204 is configured to maintain modules 208. The modules 208 may comprise a load capturing module 210, a data processing module 212, a -network operator module 214 and other modules 216. The processor 202 may be communicatively coupled to the memory 204 and the nioduies -.in the. memory.

The processor 202 comprises suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code that may be configured, to execute a set of instructions stored in the memory 204. The processor 202 may Be implemented based on a number .of processor technologies known in the art. Examples of the processor 202 include, but not limited to, an X86-based processor, a Reduced instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) processor, a. Complex-instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, and/or other processor.

The. memory 204 comprises suitable logic, circuitry, interfaces, and/or code, that may he configured to store the set of Instructions, which are executed by the processor 202, In an embodiment, the memory 204 may be configured to store one or more programs, routines, or scripts that may be executed in coordination with the processor 202. The memory 204 may be implemented based on a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Hard Disk Drive (HDD), a storage server, and/or a Secure Digital (SD) card. In one embodiment, cloud storage space may be used as the memory 204. In one embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to operating- one or more cellular networks based on mobile traffic load condition. In one embodiment, the load capturing module 210 is configured to monitor a set of cellular networks. Irs a geographical area to receive mobile traffic load condition and battery level data corresponding to a set of mobile devices In the geographical area. In one embodiment the mobile traffic load condition may be determined periodically after a predefined time interval. Further, each cellular network from the set of cellular networks may provide radio coverage to the set of mobile devices in the geographical area. The set of cellular networks may include a set of low data transmission rate cellular network, a set of rnedi urn data transmission rate cellular networks, and a set of high data transmission rate cellular networks. In one embodiment th e s et of low data transmission rate cellular network may Include 2G cellular .networks and 3G/ UMTS cellular networks. In one embodiment, the set of medium, data transmission rate cellular networks includes LTE//TB-Advance/4G cellular networks, and a set of high data transmission rate cellular networks includes 5G cellular networks. in one embodiment, the data processing module 212 is configured to compute a bandwidth threshold level based on the mobile traffic load condition corresponding to the set of mobile devices in one embodiment, for the purpose of computing the bandwidth threshold level, the data processing module 212 is configured to classify the mobile traffic load condition into three different ranges namely an idle traffic condition when the mobile traffic load (A) fails between 0 to 0.1, a low traffic condition when the mobile traffic load (A) falls between 0.1 to 0,4, and high traffic condition when the mobile traffic load A is above 0.4 times of the network handling capacity the set of cellular networks combined together. It is to be understood that the range of idle traffic condition, low traffic condition and high traffic condition may differ from time to time, Once the mobile traffic load condition for a current time interval Is determined, in the next step, the date processing module 212 is configured to compute a bandwidth threshold level based on the mobile traffic load condition. The bandwidth threshold level indicated the type of cellular network required to handle the present network traffic load, condition, to one embodiment the bandwidth threshold level may be further calibrated based on the battery level data corresponding to the user equipment's. The battery charging level data may be captured from each user equipment/ mobile device in. the geographieal. area, for each cycle, if the battery charging level data indicates that the average battery charging level of the user equipment's is low, then the data processing module 212 is cooigureci to calibrate the baiidwidth threshold level such that the cellular networks that consume less user equipment battery are selected.

In one embodiment, the bandwidth threshold level Is computed in a cyclic manner after a predefined time interval The predefined time Interval may be in terms of 5 min, 10 min, 3.0- min and the like. After a predefined time interval, when the computed bandwidth threshold level is below a first predefined threshold value, the network-operating module 214 is configured to activate one or more network cells correspondingtotheset of low data transmission rate cellular network in the geographical area 104 to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile devices. In other words, if the bandwidth threshold level indicates that the mobile traffic load condition is idle, hi this case, the network ceils corresponding to the set of low data transmission rate cellular network such as 2G cellular networks or 3G/ UMTS cellular networks may he activated, for providing network coverage to the mobile devices in the geographical area, while rest of the cellular networks are deactivated. in one embodiment, after a predefined time interval, when the bandwidth threshold level computed falls between the first predefined threshold /value and. a second predefined threshold value., the network-operating module 214 is configured to activate one or inore network cells corresponding to each of the set of So w data transmission rate cellular network and the set of medium data transmission, rate cellular networks in the geographical area to provision radio coverage to the set of mobile devices, In other words, if the bandwidth threshold level indicates that the mobile traffic load condition is low, in this case, the network cells corresponding to the set of medium data, transmission rate cellular network such as LTE/LTE-Advance cellular network, 46 cellular networks may be activated for providing network coverage to the mobile devices in the geographical area, while rest of the cellular networks are deacti vated.

In one embodiment, after a predefined time interval, when the bandwidth threshold level computed is above the second predefined threshold value, the network-operating module 214 is configured to activate one or more network ceils corresponding to each of the set of low data transmission rate cellular network, the set of medium, data transmission rate cellular networks, and the set of high data transmission rate cellular networks in the geographical area to provision rad io coverage to the set of mobile devices, i n other words, ah the -cellular networks available in the geographical area may he activated in order to provide network coverage to the set of mobile devices in the geographical area. in one embodiment, the network-operating, module 214 is configured- compute the first predefined threshold value and second predefined threshold, value based on the size of geographical area and the active user handling capacity of each cellular network in. the geographical area. For example, if the geogra phical area 104 is of 500 sq km and the number of active users that can be handled by the cellular networks in the geographical area is 10000 active users, than based on these two parameters, the first predefined threshold value and second predefined .threshold value may be computed, for the geographical area 104, Further, the network-operating module 214 may be further configured to deactivate the remaining network cells in the geographical area after each predefined time interval. For: example, after each predefined time interval, based on. the bandwidth threshold level,, one or more network ceils in the geographical area are activated, whereas the remaining network cells in. the geographical area 104 are deactivated.

FIG, 3 is a sequence diagram 300 that illustrates a sequence of steps performed by the system 102 in order to operate the .set of cellular networks 106, in accordance with at least one embodiment The sequence diagram 300 is described In conjunction, with FIGS, 1 and 2. In one embodiment, the system 102 is configured to receive the mobile traffic load data and battery level data- from the set of UEs 108, Based on the mobile traffic load data and battery level data the system 102 is configured to compute the bandwidth threshold level Further, the bandwidth threshold level is compared with the first threshold value arid the second threshold: value in order to activate or deactivate one or more network eels in tlie set of cellular networks 106 as described in FIGS, 1 and 2.

Further, the sequence diagram 300 discloses the procedures for intelligent Cooperation Management among Multi-RAT of 5G, LTB, and UMTS Cells. The procedure takes into consideration the legacy cellular networks (3G and 4G),:and long-term green radio solution (Post- 5G). Further, as described in the sequence diagram 300, when the mobile traffic load condition is in low (i.e. 0.1 ·≤λ≤ 0.4) and idle -condition (0≤¾.≤ 0.1), the system 102 is configured to trigger the switching off/on procedure, which is classified into three phases: (i) pre-processing state, pfj decision state and (in) post- processing state. At the pre-processing stage, the network traffic load condition is determined. At the decision state, teed on the network traffic load, condition, the deei sioft of switching off/on one or more network cells is taken. Finally, at the post processing stage, the network traffic load condition is continuously monitored for identifying any changes in mobile traffic load, Further, the procedure disclosed in the sequence diagram 300 enables flexible and reliable rnuiti-RAT BSs switched Off/On, -algorithm, which guarantees cellular coverage & cadio service while prolonging the UE battery lifetime.

FIG. 4 discloses behavior of constraint parameters that impact the cellular network coverage (a) optimum constraints for LTE BS, (fa) optimum constraints for UMTS BS in a cellular network, in one the traditional network topologies with dense BSs deployments designed to serve during peak traffic leads to wastage of energy during low traffic hours. One to this, the BSs consume the highest proportion of energy in cellular networks, which make switch ofFyon approach,, enabled by the system 102, more desirable. When some BSs are switched off, radio coverage and service provisioning are assumed to be taken care of by the other base stations that are activated by the system 102. By this approach, the system 102 assures availability of network over the entire geographical area at all times. The coverage area of . BSs, and propagation environment along, with energy consumption are the main elements that are taken into account for implementation .and. evaluation. In one embodiment, the PS0 has been adopted to maximize tire LTB and UMTS cell coverage area during switch off session under five different constraints: (i) the (ii) the total antenna gain G,

(iii) the flexible BW (only applicable in ITE, not supported in UMTS), (w) the SINR, and (v) shadow fading σ. The impact of these parameters on the cell coverage-area is shown in FIGS.4(a) and (h). FIG. 4(a) represents optimum constraints for related parameters (SINR, bandwidth, transmitted power, antenna gain and shadowing effect) for LTE BS.

FIG. 4(b) represents optimum constraints for related parameters (SINR, transmitted power, antenna gain and shadowing effect) for UMTS BS,

FIG. 5 discloses graph 500 representing behavior of coverage (fitness function) with change in the constraint parameters. The constraints and G are the most important parameters for maintaining coverage attlie edge of a cell, where the SINR is low and the shadowing is high. When these constraints increase, the coverage also increases, as shown in the graph 500.

For the downlink data transmissions, the BSs select the MCS based on the cliannel quality indicator (CQI) feedback characteristics of the IIEV receiver, i.e., the SINR via a link adaptation procedure, FIG. 6a represents the relationship betwe en the radius o f the cell, Pmin and the MCS for the UMTS with Ptx= 46 dBrn and BW~ 5 MHz. FIG. 6b represents the relationship betweew the radius of the cell, Pmin and the MCS for LTE with Ptx= 40 dBm and BW= 10 MHz. FIG. 6c represents: the. relationship between the .radius, of the cell, Pmin and the MCS for SG small cell with Ptx= 32 dBm, BW= 500 MHz, and 28 GHz. FIG. 7 discloses a graph of LTB data rate versus BW for differed MCSs _f at two antennas, For an LTE system, the data rate is calculated in symbols per second, Furthermore, it is converted into bits per second based on the how many bits a symbol can carry, which is dependent on the MCS. Hence, for LTE with a .10 MHz SW there are 50 resource blocks (RBs).. each RB has 12 subcarriers, each subcarrier has seven symbols for normal CP, and the time of the slot is 0.5 rns. Hence, the total number of symbols per RB is 12x7x2 = 168 symbols per ms. Therefore, there are 8,400 symbols per ms. When 1/8 QPSK Is used at the edge of the cell (2 bits per symbol with coding rate 1/8), the data rate is observed, to be 2.1 Mbps for a single chain, and with 2x2 MIMO, the data rate will be two times th at of a single chain (i.e., 4.2 Mbps) as shown in PiiL 7. Regarding the UMTS network, assuming the physical capacity is modelled as the Shannon capacity, BW log2 (l+SINR). The present system 102 enables a cell -radius of 1 km , which corresponds to that of a cell in an idle traffic case. The lowest modulation rate (QPSK, 1/3 rate) supports a: 1 km cell radius, with the lowest data rate of 0,7 Mbps for the cell edge users,

FIG, 8 discloses a graph of SG Data rate versus a number of the antenna for different MCSs, at BW 500 MHz. For 5G mm -wave small cell with a 500 MHz BW, there are 694 resource blocks (RBs), where each RB has 12 subcarriers with suhcarrier space qo 60 kHz. In addition, each subearrier has seven symbols for normal CP and the time of the slot is 0.1 ms. Hence,, the number of symbols per RB. is 12x7x10 840 symbols per ms, making up 582,960 symbols per ms. When 1/8 QPSK. is used at the edge of the cell (2 bits per symbol with a coding rate of IfB), the data rate will be 0-146 Gbps for a single chain. Hence, with 8 antennas., the data rate will be eight times that of a single chain, i.e., 1.16? Gbps, In addition, with a high-order modulation 64QAM the total data rate with SO 0 MHz BW and 8 antennas is identified to be up to 22.4 Gbps. FIG. 8 summarizes the data rate versos MCS and antennas at 500 M Hz 8W,

FIG.9 discloses a graph of hourly load profiles for various sites and total power consumption over the mobile traffic load. Site 1 represent SG base stations, Site 2 represent LIB base stations and Site 3 represent UMTS base stations. The result shown that the system 102 enables balancing between network performance and energy efficiency via a dynamic multi-RAT BSs switching off/on strategy according to three mobile traffic load conditions (high, low, and idle}.

FIG, 10 discloses Comparison of /Energy Savings between the Related Works and the Multi-RAT Switch -Off/On Algorithm. Proposed, The algorithm enabled by the system 102 falls under switching off/on multi-RAT BSs (5G, ITE, UMTS). However, the 5G technology has only been actively discussed recently and at the moment the formal specification document is still in progress. Since there is very limited literature on. energy savings in SG especially related to power consumption of RF chains, the present system 102 is validated based on energy consumption model using the same approach (i.e, switching BSs off/or}}. The energy savings that, may he achieved is observed to be 88.7 kW per day {38,02%}, which translates into a 61.98 % reduction.

While the present disclosure has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood, by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be. substituted without departing from the scape of the present disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the present disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the present disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.