Micro Power Plant for Biomass Generation Systems

1 - INVENTION TECHNICAL FIELD

The following descriptive inform, to the current application of the invention, refers to the development of a micro power plant, being formed basically of a boiler, a turbine and generator, making doable co-generations systems of low scale, in a maximum of 2000KVA, being possible due to the innovations in the conception of the project, as the boiler assembling over a solid base and modular groups of the turbine with a generator over a common base (skid) integrated. Conceptually, those MPPs aim the use of residues of vegetal biomass as a renewable energy source, replacing fossil fuels, meaning to achieve the sustainable development and avoiding the emission of green house gases.

By adopting those new conceptions a compact co-generation system is obtained, at low cost and being highly reliable to be applied at agro industries, wood industries, sugar mill sector and others proceedings that are related to the biomass production, resulting in residues from its main activities.

The product identified as micro power plant (MPP) is a bundle of new equipments, developed from the scale reduction of back pressure and condensation turbines, properly coupled to gear box and electrical generators adequate to the operation in a continuum regime. In an analogical way, compact boilers were conceived to be structured over a chassis in order to simplify the installation.

The concept of MPP complies the use of boilers already allocated in the facilities of potential clients, adding in this case, only the turbo generator and

respective panels with the purpose of total or partial generation of the energy demanded by the unit or community, and they could or not, being connected to concessionary electricity distribution nets or others, in any tension class or supplying frequency. Therefore, the present invention is distinguished by: integration and commercialization of products, by the service attendance on the supplying of electricity with the tension and current desired, and by being produced by the turbo generator of the supplying company. 2. TECHNIC STATE The application of the Rankine* cycles, based on steam turbine, is renowned to great generation scales, however its utilization to the thermal electricity generated by low power, meaning, power below or equal to 2000KVA, is not recognized as a concept of thermal power application.

*The Rankine cycle works similarly like the Joule cycle, with some differences due to the state changes: liquid-steam and steam-liquid. It is mainly used at facilities of steam turbines.

The concept of micro thermal power is compatible with the stream of power defined by ANEEL (Agenda Nacional de Energia Eletrica), like a micro generation, to be developed specifically to reach this stream of power demand. This stream consists a set of technologies to the generation of a energy-environmental solution of the employ of residues of biomass as a energy source.

The document MU 7.601.741 mentions the existence of a generator that does the task, in a single manner, of collecting the gas from the blastfurnace and lead it to the boiler installed at the glendon, converting the gas into flames,

heating the steam boiler. The steam boiler leads the steam to a turbine coupled to electrical generator, which sends energy to a command panel where occurs all the energy distribution to the industry.

More specific to the case in question is the document UM 7.800.219 5 revealing equipments of generation and/or co-generation of electricity to supplementing, complementing, supplying or providing totally or partially the electricity used and the reduction of the cost of the electrical energy, comprising a generator or generators set, supplied by a turbine or turbines of any type of cycle or supplied by any type of fuel or boilers of any type of fuel or trough thermal utilization o of the unit consumer of electricity, being these installed inside moving containers or not or any other type of civil construction, with one or more transformers or not, with one or more disjunctions or not of protection to the energy generated at the generator, with one or more disjunctions or not to the transference of the energy generated by the generator or a generator group to the already existing power 5 distribution net, where is predicted the existence or not of a protector disjuncture at the entrance of electricity on the consumer of electricity unit and any other equipments or optional that may be needed with the purpose to obtain the necessary security for the installation and the reduction of costs of the electricity used. 0 Another document that predicts co-generation is showed at MU

8.203.195 where is disposed an electricity generation system, by the steam pressure in the boiler outlet for industries and companies. Encompassed by the service executed in the electricity supplying, in the tension and current desired, be produced by turbo generator of the supplier company.

Also generating energy from residues there is the document Pl 0.204.673 for the power plant from the conversion of urban solid wastes (garbage), encompassed by a reception well, a rolling bridge, a lacerate bag system, a magnate metal separator conveyor, a external grinding, a continuous elevator, a 5 primary dryer coupled with a cyclone, for pre-drying, a second continuous elevator, a first storage silo, a third continuous elevator, a reduction dryer with a coupled cyclone, for the final drying, a magnate conveyor with a continuous transport device, a internal grinding, a conic receptor, a vacuum system, a combustion chamber from incinerator to the gas, finally, operating a generator that produces the electricity. i o All this documents present the real dimension of the state-of-art for the co-generation system.

The micro power plant proposed regard the generation scale reduction and practice flexibility of chassis insertion integrated for the turbo generator and the boiler set as a route to reduce the costs with civil construction and saving time 15 during the implementation, reducing expressively the construction labor in the field.

The development of the micro power plant in general look for not aggregate final client costs.

Therefore, not intent in the state-of-art presented a document that anticipates the project in question. 0 3. INVENTION SUMMARY

Therefore, due to the considerations regarding the state-of-art before discussed is objective of the current application of invention, the development of a micro power plant from biomass co-generation systems.

Its known that from a long time, the practices used to build small scale

thermal power plants, corresponding to the range below 1 ,6 MW, not suitable to the economical feasibility of the projects. This scenario was against the thermoelectric generation potential in Brazil, where prevail, in number, capacities in the range of 1 MW.

5 With the development of the micro power plant (MPP) concept the expectations for the investment in small scale increased. This success is due to the fact of the manufacture and fittings of the equipments in reduced scales, allowing reaching the established power through the utilization of the available resources.

The manufactured equipments with the small scale purpose presents o much lower costs compared found in conventional equipments. The MPP is sold in a unique package, having the main equipments previously coupled. The turbine and the generator are transported assembled and coupled until the implementation site.

The boiler, another important component in a MPP, is also transported in its original final form until the place designated in the project, if the client do not has a boiler 5 that could be utilized. The complexities and the costs associated to the transportation; in this cases are compensated by the reduction of the building costs and by the considerable optimization of the implementation period of the project.

4. FIGURES DESCRIPTIONS

The characterization of the current document for the proposed invention 0 patent is developed by representative drawings of the micro power plants from biomass co-generation systems, in such a way that all the system could be fully reproduced with adequate technique, allowing fully characterization of the functionality of the aimed object.

Starting from the elaborated figures, that express the best form or the

preferential form to develop the idealized product, is elaborated the descriptive report section, through of a detailed and consecutive numeration, where it clarify the aspects that could be understand by the adopted representation, in such a way to determine clearly the aimed protection.

5 This figures are merely illustrative, that could present variations, as long as they do not diverse the requested in the beginning.

In this case we have the following:

Picture 1 : shows a top view complete micro power plant representation, showing the furnace, boiler, pipes, control center and the turbo- i o generator connected to the boiler trough the steam lines.

Picture 2: shows a front view of the Micro Power Plant; Picture 3: shows the Micro Power Plant lateral view; Picture 4: shows the turbo-generator integrated base front orthogonal view; Picture 5: shows a top orthogonal view;

15 Picture 6: shows the turbo-generator orthogonal lateral view and;

Picture 7: shows a generator panel;

5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF J_HE PREFERENTIAL METHOD OF THE INVENTION MANUFACTURE

The primary energy source is the vegetable biomass, mainly produced 0 residues from agro industries, wood industries sugar mills sector, and other types of generated biomass from industrial or artesian process.

The combustion of these residues in the fumacei in the compact boiler 2 developed specifically for the characteristics of the fuel to be used, generates steam between 8kgf/cm ^£ a 42Kg^Cm" pressure ranges, in equipments of

water-tube or fired-tube. Those boilers are conceived over single chassis, which could, exceptionally, be structured over a masonry structure.

The steam is lead through proper pipes 5 of its drain components and protection to the turbo-generator set 4. In a backpressure conception (atmospheric or pressurized up to 10kgf/cnV), or even of vacuum concept.

The turbines may be simple or multiply stages, being the steam escape may be a open system by the simple discharge in the atmosphere pressure 13, or process heat, or vent 16 and manometrical atmosphere pressure, or vacuum through shell tube condensing system, water or other fluid, or even air compensators through plate equipments.

From the turbine set in motion 10, the rotation velocity may be or not be reduced through a velocity breaker 7, of its respective couplings of high and low velocities. On the side of the coupling of low velocity is coupled the electrical generator 8, that has the air entrance 11 on the back and lateral side 12, and assembled over a integrated common base (skid) 3, with the possibility of having tensions 12, poles and several frequencies, according to the characteristics necessary to the applications.

The operational control can be view on panel 15. From the generator, cables carry the energy to panel 9, which restricts that energy in means of tension, frequency, electric current and by phase and others.

The turbine velocity regulator keeps the rotation condition of the system In accordance with the charge variations. For that, it is employed a mechanical or electronically velocity regulator.

From panel 9 the tension may be elevated through of transformers for inside distribution conditions or even, be added a panel of interconnection, which promotes the parallelism with the concessionary net or other manner of distribution net.

equipment.

5- MICRO POWER PLANT FROM BIOMASS COGENERATION SYSTEM, according to the claiming 1 and characterized by the fact that from the turbine 10 starting, the rotation velocity can or can not be reduced through the gear

5 box 7, of its respective high and low velocity couplings.

6- MICRO POWER PLANT FROM BIOMASS COGENERATION SYSTEM, according to the claiming 1 and characterized by the fact that the low velocity coupling side is coupled the electricity generator 8, containing air entrance 11 in the posterior part and lateral exit 12, and build over an integrated common i o base (skid) 3, which can have tensions, poles and diversified frequencies, according to the necessary characteristics to the application.

7- MICRO POWER PLANT FROM BIOMASS COGENERATION SYSTEM, according to the claiming 1 and characterized by the fact that the from the generator cabling brings energy to the panel 9, which conditions this energy in

15 tension terms, as well as presents tension, frequency, electric current by phase and others indicators (remarking generators that have the tension control integrated with its structure.

8- MICRO POWER PLANT FROM BIOMASS COGENERATION SYSTEM, according to the claiming 1 and characterized by the fact that the turbine 0 velocity regulator maintains the turbo-generator rotation conditions according to its charge variations, in and for which, use a velocity regulator which can be mechanical or electrical.