FOR CIVIL USE

The present invention relates to an automatic system created for the decontamination of indoor air, dedicated to clean rooms and all indoor environments for civil use, in which a decontamination of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms is required, and a decrease in the particles in suspension with the objective to allow 24 hours a day, continuously : 1. the total elimination of the microbiological component suspended in the air and on surfaces;

2. the reduction of the suspended particle component;

3. the reduction of allergens;

4. the reduction of odors and VOC's; 5. the reduction of the amount of ventilation with the consequent energy saving necessary to control the system with the same ISO classification;

6. the decontamination of the pipes used in the plant, 7. the decontamination of the filters used in the pipeline with consequent greater effectiveness and duration over time.

The process referred to in the invention represented here was designed for classified environments, both ISO and non, which require purified and decontaminated air, and industrially declined according to the type of application. It was created to be installed in all indoor civil and industrial environments in which the use of always decontaminated and controlled air is required, such as, for example, those of the pharmaceutical industry in primis, food or cosmetics. But also in public and private healthcare environments, such as hospitals, clinics, outpatient clinics, where you can find surgical rooms, intensive care units, infectious wards, specialist diagnostic environments such as CT, MRI, PET-C, regarding fixed installations both public and private, and mobile dedicated to medical diagnostics or diagnostics; or research environments where a controlled environment is required, and all other civil areas in which the bacterial and viral load is to be reduced to counteract the contagiousness of the environment in the event of bacterial and viral infections. Furthermore, from these more advanced solutions a more simplified one for residential use can be derived.

The prior art . Clean rooms .

1.Clean rooms are the classic example of the use of Controlled Mechanical Ventilation which we define HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) or UTA (Air Handling Unit) which are sized with coarser inlet filters to stop larger particles and filters in exit to the environment to stop the smaller ones.

2.The decontamination level defines the indoor air quality which, in turn, is defined by two main parameters summarized as follows:

1. reduction of microparticles (which include microorganisms), according to ISO tables; the environments are then classified according to the number of particles detected.

2. With reference to Figure 7 we can see that the standard is UNI EN ISO 14644 Annex 1 and in reference 10 we note that an operating room with high decontamination needs is defined as ISO 5, while clean rooms are usually ISO 7 - ISO 8. With reference 20 and 30 we see that the classification is due to the number of suspended particles starting from 0.1 pm, but more generally measurable from 0.5 pm and defined as Particle Matters (PM 0.5-1-2, 5-5-10 etc.). They are detectable with particle counters, and the measurement must be carried out "in operation", ie with the clean room in use by the operators inside it. 3. the count of colony-forming units (cfu) of bacteria, viruses, fungi and spores remaining after the use of various types of disinfectants, to control the level of microbiological contamination. Living microbes, such as viruses, bacteria, spores, molds and fungi in order to move in the air need a support to which they can anchor and feed on, generally dust and water droplets in suspension. But the main source of biological pollutants is man himself with his metabolic activity, the scales of the skin, nose, throat, hands, clothes, hair, shoes, etc.; and the most effective way of contagion is made up of direct contact, and from humans the pathogens spread in the air and then settle on furniture, walls, floors, etc.; in addition, speaking, sneezing, coughing, exudation spread moist particles (droplets) containing infectious agents. These are deposited or evaporated or remain in suspension in the air for a long time, forming the so-called nuclei of droplets which in the presence of humidity can condense water vapor and constitute microbial aerosols.

With reference to Figure 8, reference 10 designates the GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) classes and the related corresponding ISOs, and reference 20 designates the limit values of cfu for each class, using sedimentation plates for 4 hours that collect by gravity as much as exists suspended in the air; then for 7 days it will be counted how many and which colonies of microorganisms will grow.

Controlled ventilation to date in clean rooms. It is known that most particles and dusts are produced in the environment, especially in the workplace, and therefore by passing all the air in an environment through appropriate filters over and over again, the level of microbiological contamination should remain under control; provided that the maintenance of the filters has been adequate.

As for the dilution of the environmental concentration of microbial agents, it depends more on the geometry of the intake and return of the air, on the measurement of the return air, and on the paths that the air makes in the room in question rather than on its quantity.

Ambient air filtration is used to keep the concentration of biological agents and particulates below the correct limits set by the purification class. While the introduction of external air serves to dilute and maintain the environmental concentrations of gas and other gaseous pollutants within the correct limits, even in the case of anomalous emissions.

It is also known that the main purpose of ventilation is not only to ensure acceptable thermo-hygrometric conditions for users, a noble and important purpose, but also to ensure the absence of microbiological contaminants and to keep the environment within concentration limits, of the particles according to the class of environmental characteristics required, defined in degrees of cleanliness, from A to D (ISO 5 ÷ 8). It is known that filters of an adequate level retain most of the particles present in the air that passes through them and are classified according to the degree of filtration: with HEPA filters (High Efficiency Particulate Air filter) a particular high efficiency filtration system is indicated, of fluids (liquids or gases). HEPA filters belong to the category of so-called "absolute filters", which also includes ULPA filters. More specifically, the H14 filters at the entrance to the environment are used to stop up to 99.995% any possible polluting particle in suspension and which can deposit on surfaces.

Air recirculation.

Normally an image with a pejorative, if not negative connotation is associated with the concept of air recirculation, while the concept of outside air is associated with the idea of cleanliness, a saving spring breeze and is intended as absolute safety. It should be noted that the expression "air recirculation" does not mean that the external ventilation air is totally eliminated, but rather the number of changes/hour of a certain environment using the two airs (external-internal). On the outside, the task of replacement and dilution remains, while on the inside the task of contributing to the removal of microbial agents after filtering.

As for the dilution of the environmental concentration of microbial agents, it depends more on the geometry of the intake and return of the air, on the measurement of the return air, and on the paths that the air makes in the room in question rather than on its quantity. Ambient air filtration, on the other hand, serves to keep the concentration of biological agents and particulates below the correct limits set by the purification class. The introduction of external air helps the dilution and maintenance within the correct limits of the environmental concentrations of gas and other gaseous pollutants, even in the case of anomalous emissions. The introduction of external air serves above all to cope with the metabolic needs of the people present in the room, or to create an indoor air quality with high purity standards and maintain them over time regardless of the variation of internal polluting loads.

It should be noted that the expression "air recirculation" does not mean that the external ventilation air is totally eliminated, but rather that the number of changes/hour of a certain environment is dosed using the two airs (external-internal). On the outside, the task of replacement and dilution remains in the percentage chosen according to the case, while on the inside the task of contributing to the removal of microbial agents after filtering.

HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) or AHU (Air Handling Unit) in clean rooms. Currently, the result of air purification according to ISO classes is carried out with HVAC which exploit the presence of air ducts to allow the exchange of air inside the environment, using fans both to send the air into the environment and than to extract it.

With reference to figure 9, in the specific case of clean rooms, the air is allowed to enter the environment from above after being filtered with absolute filters (HEPA) with reference 10, and is taken from below (references 20a and 20b). In this way the suspended particles are pushed towards the ground and sucked towards the HVAC.

To achieve this virtuous circle, with reference to the simplified diagram of Figure 10, an HVAC sized according to the environment to be decontaminated is installed, with reference (10), connected to the white room (80) chamber via delivery and (60) return (40) channels, using HEPA filters with reference (50). The air enters from the outside from channel (30), passes through the medium filter F7/9 (70b) and is sent to the clean room by passing through the absolute filters in an adequate number for the environment (50); it is then taken up from below and filtered with coarse G4 filters to protect the heat recovery unit (70a). From this point, usually 75% of the volume returns to the environment (80) and

25% is expelled outside. HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) or AHU (Air

Handling Unit) for civil use environments. At the state of the art, most of the environments for civil use, such as schools, kindergartens, offices, do not have any type of internal ventilation. In more recent environments, in many cases, Controlled Mechanical Ventilation can be found, with HVACs that serve both to create a change of air and also to heat or cool the environment, often through heat pumps and fan coils. With reference to Figure (28) we can see how two lines (20) of hot and cold water are connected to the HVAC (10) for heating or summer cooling of the air, which is conveyed to the fan coils (40) and (50), or with floor or wall nets. The air arrives from the channels of the HVAC itself and is then recycled into the environment to heat or cool. Inlet filters are usually F7 with medium filtration, with no purification control and no decontamination control.

HVAC (Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning) or AHU (Air Handling Unit) for mobile type environments used for medical diagnostics or therapy. At the state of the art, most international mobile systems are used for medical analysis, or diagnostics with mammography screening, CT, MRI, PET-CT, and diagnostics and angiographic therapy, both vascular and cardiac. In the vast majority they do not have any kind of organized internal ventilation, but only air extractors and heating and cooling. In more recent environments, in many cases, Controlled Mechanical Ventilation can be found, with HVACs that are used to ventilate and heat pumps that generate the heating or cooling of the environment with fan convectors. In most cases they have no control over the certified decontamination process.

Current cleanroom control methods . Limitations and drawbacks of the state of the art .

In summary, clean rooms are environments that control the number of suspended particles in the ambient air through filtration, and in which the staff work, who contaminate the same environment with their presence. There are different degrees of air purity required according to the type of processing they are associated with. They are found both in pharmaceuticals and in cosmetics, in medical research, but also in the food industry, meat processing, etc.

The limit of this classification method is the fact that it is concentrated on the number of suspended particles, both in "at rest" conditions, that is, in the absence of personnel, and "in operation", with the internal personnel carrying out work in controlled environment. Since the particle measurements are performed once every 6 months, and the measurements of microbiological decontamination equally, if all goes well, it is obvious to think that it is difficult to guarantee compliance with the conditions detected on the day of the checks.

Another big problem are the HEPA filters, which are replaced when the pressure switches connected to them reach a predetermined value of filter arrest, or rather of wear, with the suspicion that in the meantime it will have already been abundantly contaminated by bacteria, viruses, molds and spores to varying degrees.

Current methods of control of civil environments. Limitations and drawbacks of the state of the art .

In summary, in civil environments, the best we can find is Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (VMC), but without any kind of control of the purification and decontamination of indoor air. Normally there is no type of air circulation except through doors and windows. Since the energy saving regulations lead designers to seal the rooms to save energy, if forced ventilation of the indoor air is not implemented, a growth of the internal bacterial load is induced, creating a further possibility of internal microbiological contamination.

Object of the invention.

The object of this solution is to find an automatic decontamination process for controlled environments, such as clean rooms and environments for civil use, with the relative pipes and filters, through the control of the gas plasma of the air itself, produced by a set consisting of 1 or more cold plasma generators with SDBD technology, according to the needs of the environment to be decontaminated. The generators produce a strong ionization of the air which is dynamically transformed into plasma, and the system uses as the main indicator of the process the controlled quantity of Ozone present during the decontamination cycle, which is necessary for the decontamination of bacteria, viruses, molds, fungi. and different types of spores. The flow, recycling and subsequent exchange of indoor air is controlled by an HVAC system during the entire process. In this way, a safe and repeatable decontamination will be obtained over time.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become evident from reading the following description provided by way of non-limiting example, with the aid of the figures illustrated in the attached tables.

The following description and the related drawings are to be considered purely illustrative and therefore not limitative of the present invention, which can be implemented in various embodiments.

In particular, the main application of the present invention are clean rooms used above all in the pharmaceutical, hospital, electronic and more generally in all applications in which the materials handled require a purified and decontaminated environment in order not to pollute them.

The goal is a 24-hour continuous decontamination cycle of the environment, implemented through different degrees of plasma gas diluted in the air circulating in the system, at room temperature. Dry air plasma gas, at ambient temperature.

Although it is a known art, overcoming it consists in the dynamic use of cold plasma obtained from SDBD electrostatic generators to purify and microbiologically decontaminate indoor confined environments and environments for civil use, by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially ozone, relative humidity of the air and, at high levels of ionization, also of nitrogen.

The essence of the project and the heart of the system is the SDBD (Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge) cold plasma reactor, created with studies for aeronautical fluid dynamics, but used here above all for the shape suitable for the flow of air, for the resistance to high speeds of the itself, and for the modularity and scalability of the system. The cold plasma generated is a type of plasma of the air itself, that is, a collection of positive, negative and electron ions in an overall neutral gas, characterized by a high density of electrons and a low energy of the same. The gas turns into plasma when it is in an environment subjected to a high electric field. The plasma gas that is generated at atmospheric pressure is nothing more than an electrostatic discharge that has particular characteristics.

With reference to Figure 4, the genesis of the discharges referred to in reference 50a and 50b, is induced by a system composed of a glass-ceramic dielectric with reference 10, two aluminum electrodes with reference 20a and 20b, and is induced by an electric field with reference 60a and 60b, of sufficient intensity to ionize the gas, in this case air with reference 40 flowing into the channels via the HVAC. The high electric field with alternating power supply accelerates the electrons that collide with the molecules and which, due to their mass, are practically stationary with respect to the electrons, and give them a rather high energy.

Under operating pressure and acceleration conditions, electrons possess energies of the order of molecular bonding energies, and frequently collide with air molecules, transferring most of their energy through inelastic collisions, during which energy transfer is observed, and in turn cause the emission of secondary electrons or the promotion of molecules into excited states. This emission of secondary electrons produces a chain process, called an avalanche, and under these conditions the process self-propagates and collapses into a single electrical discharge (streamer breakdown). Normally this is spatially limited to cylindrical channels a few micrometers in diameter called discharge channels or streamers. The barrier has a double function: it decreases the duration of the discharge, thus preventing the formation of sparks, and allows a good spatial distribution of the same over the entire surface. The types of electronic interactions and chemical reactions in dry air plasma gas, at room temperature. The inelastic interaction of the electrons with the molecules of the air and of the latter with the species formed, can give rise to different classes of reactions, which are well represented in Figure 5. As can be seen from the table, the interactions are both electronic and atomic between atoms and molecules, and are divided into four basic classes:

1. Electron towards the molecule;

2. Atom towards the molecule; 3. Both electronic and atomic decomposition;

4. Synthesis, both electronic and atomic.

As shown in Figure 6, the dynamic reactions to the passage of air are different, but we can represent them in the following 4 groups: 1. Oxygen

2. Water

3. Hydrogen

4. Nitrogen

It is known, and the existing bibliography is rich in laboratory tests in this regard, that the plasma produced by discharge through dielectric (SDBD - Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge) produces reactive species of which the main ones are related to Oxygen (ROS Reactive Oxigen Species), both oxidizing and reducing agents, of which the main sterilant is Ozone (03). At low energy doses, nitrogen does not react, which remains almost inactive. Due to the presence of humidity in the air, even the water reacts by producing OH hydroxyls with oxidizing properties.

This interaction is very dynamic and is the key to the decontamination of microorganisms present in suspension and also to the aggregation of microparticles into macro particles which in turn fall to the ground by gravity.

The most important reactions for the system are those related to Ozone because they are more easily detectable by sensors on the market, and allow a fine adjustment of the action and dilution of the plasma, with consequent good control of the ionization process of the air and the related decontamination cycle.

Microbiological decontamination with dry cold plasma gas.

The solution described herein provides for the generation of air plasma at room temperature and dry, ie without the production or addition of disinfectants or steam. Plasma decontamination is due to the generation of a mix of oxidizing products such as ozone, and other oxygen derivatives (more particularly ROS), and the small amount of H202 contained in the residual humidity of the air. With reference to Figure 11, we can see that the mechanism of action is lipid peroxidation, which generates biologically active compounds that at the cellular level cause irreparable damage to the phospholipids of the cell membrane. Lipid peroxidation is expressed in its ability to oxidize amino acids irreversibly altering the structure and function of proteins. The amino acids most sensitive to the action of free radicals are proline, histidine, those containing thiol groups (cysteine and methionine) and aromatic groups (phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan) (Menzel et al., 1971).

With reference to Figure 12 we can see from studies in the bibliography, that some types of bacteria can be oxidized with various exposure times ranging from less than 20 minutes (reference 10, 20 and 30), to a maximum of 60 minutes for molds., with a range of minimum 230 ppb (parts per billion) with reference to 20, to a maximum of 4,100 ppb for certain types of viruses.

Resistance to microorganisms.

With reference to Figure 13 we can see that the resistance of microorganisms is in increasing order to reach mycobacteria, which are characterized by the presence of an unusually thick cell wall and an unusual pathogenic structure. This complex cell wall gives mycobacteria the advantage of being completely impermeable to some of the substances most used in medical therapy, including some of the more common antibiotics.

The spores are characterized by a high resistance to disinfectant agents, and can be understood as two different living products: in the kingdom of plants and fungi, these are reproductive cells which, by germinating, produce a new individual. But among bacteria, on the other hand, it is a vital phase that serves for extreme survival. In both cases they are able to disperse in the environment to resist adverse conditions and, subsequently, generate (or regenerate) a viable individual, in habitats more or less suitable for their living conditions (optimal temperature, presence of water and nitrient substances).

Decontamination and sterilization. So we can say that we speak of decontamination when there is the possibility of oxidizing and annihilating all microorganisms except the spores of the most resistant bacteria. While we can speak of sterilization, the annihilation of any living microorganism. Air purification in clean rooms and indoor civil environments.

According to the ISO 14644-1 rules we can consider as purification the reduction of particles suspended in the air due to the action of the filters, combined with the recirculation of 70-75% of the ambient air, to which 25% of external air must be added..

Plasma-induced reduction of microparticles: in addition to microbiological decontamination, there is also a second mechanism induced by plasma, namely the aggregation of micro- dust molecules and suspended spores, which grow larger and become macromolecules, which fall to the ground by gravity. With reference to Figure (20), this characteristic was tested for 8 months in a large environment used as a clean room, operating 8 hours a day, classified IS08 and with reference (30) defined by a range of 352.00 ÷ 3.520.000 particles with a diameter equal to or greater than 0.5 pm referred to in reference (20), therefore very light and suspended in the ambient air. The chamber with an environmental volume of 386 m is equipped with very powerful HVAC with a flow rate of 21,000 m ³ /h of supply air, of which 16,000 from recirculation and 5,000 from outside air. The measurements, carried out by an external qualified person, and in 3 different points with different processes referred to in reference (10), with PMS Lasair 300 particle counter equipment, show that before the use of the system in the air there were from 1,600,000 to 1,800.000 particles of 0.5 pm, while after 7 days of use of the gas plasma system, the same particles have been reduced to 857,000 on average, referred to in the reference (40), with an average reduction of 50%. This mechanism is valid for any confined environment whose number of suspended particles is to be controlled for the ISO classification .

The microbiological decontamination process: with reference to Figure (14), Ozone was chosen as the main indicator for the control of the decontamination process; because, despite being very unstable in itself, it instead has a rather stable conversion process into oxygen. In fact at room temperature between 20 and 30 degrees centigrade, the ozone decays and turns back into molecular oxygen with a constant half-life. Measured in PPM (Parts Per Million), or in PPB (Parts per Billion) according to the type of application (in the case of a ppb clean room), the amount of

Ozone present in the air is halved in a time that can be constantly detected between 8 and 10 minutes. Furthermore, ozone control is more easily detectable with sensors currently on the market. These characteristics have allowed us to develop plasma generators that could support a certain amount of Ozone over time, able to replace the progressive decay after the first 10 minutes of work, with the necessary quantity of plasma suitable for maintaining a certain value, of Ozone suitable for decontamination and air purification.

1)The tests carried out to control decontamination provided for a subdivision of the space into 6 areas as required by the IS014664-1 standard and before the use of the plasma, a sedimentation plate was left for each area for 4 hours during the working period of the personal, that is "in operation". Then the plasma system was switched on for 7 consecutive days with an automatic daytime cycle "in operation" and an automatic night cycle without personnel ("at rest"), as better explained below. The 6 plates before and after the use of the plasma were left to incubate for 7 days and then the colony-forming units were counted both before and after use. With reference to Figure (18), the table represents on the left (10), the 6 positions of the plates with the dates before and after the plasma, with the reference (20) the results before the plasma and with (30) after the plasma for 7 days. With the reference (40) the limit for an ISO 8 clean room. With the reference (50) we see the average of the cfu before and after, with an average of lufc/4h (decrease of

94%). With reference to Figure (19), we can note in point (10) that for high-level operating theaters it is necessary to remain less than or equal to 5 cfu. With 1 cfu on average we are well below the limit with an important disinfection in a work site considered

"difficult ". )The automatic cycle of decontamination and cold plasma purification . )The dynamic operation takes into account the type of application in which the watershed is the presence of people inside or not. A typical application example is the clean room, or any room where people can stay. In all cases, this general protocol will be followed: )During the day, or when there is staff inside the room, the system will have a virtuous cycle, in which a certain percentage of air from the outside will be introduced, which will be filtered, and its temperature and humidity will be dynamically controlled; the air will be forced into the plasma generator, which will ionize it and change its composition in order to eliminate the pollutants contained. The air will be taken from the environment, constantly measured by the sensors, which measure 02, 03, N02, temperature, humidity, flow rate, VOC (IDA), flow rate in m3/h, while the PM ^ 0.5pm, from 1, 5pm, 5pm and 10 pm are measured in situ with only dedicated equipment such as particle counters, to validate the type of process implemented. The control unit will automatically control both the external and internal air opening and closing shutters, in order to reuse the air by checking the parameters set, and letting it enter again according to the settings. The plasma control values will be used to maintain the reference Ozone value around a range of 40 ÷ 50 ppb.

5)At night, or in the absence of people, the operation will be different from the previous one and the automatic system will follow the following procedure.

A. A complete recirculation of indoor air will be activated.

B. The plasma function will be increased to generate higher Ozone levels, from 300ppb to lppm and beyond up to lOppm, the maximum control limit of the sensor, for several hours according to the volume to be treated, and a simultaneous certain amount of nitrogen dioxide (N02). The combination of the two gases plus the hydrogen peroxide (H202) in small quantities due to the humidity of the air, will serve to reinforce the decontaminated action: the exchange of air volumes will be determined experimentally using both the air flow of the general HVAC system (when already installed) in combination with the internal HVAC of the system, the continuous measurements of the internal sensors.

C. Both the bacterial part and that of the suspended particles in the environment are measured in situ, especially as regards PM ^0.5 pm. Generally, a night decontamination cycle is assumed with several hours with complete air recirculation. In this way the system will also decontaminate the affected pipes and filters.

D. After the decontamination cycle, the Ozone value will be lowered back to the basic one, within a constant range of 40 ÷ 50 ppb/h. With reference to the diagram in Figure (14), in the example we can see the Ozone trend programmed from 12.00 the day before, until 06.30 the next morning. On the left with reference (10) the constantly monitored parameters, while below we can see the date, time and the relative value measured and stored in memory. On the right with reference (40) the real-time value and the maximum and minimum limits within which the plasma generators are activated and deactivated and the alarm limit in which all the shutters open for safety to allow air to flow from the outside and expel it.

The diagram represented with reference (20) represents the ozone trend from 12 to 6.30 the following day. The sinusoidal shape is given by the inertia due to the delayed reading depending on the volume of the environment and the mix of air that is blown, so it must always be considered an average value. The reference (50) indicates the type of impulse that is given to obtain the desired average value and for example 25/100 - 1516 means a primary impulse with 25 Ton and 100 Toff and limits 150/160 to obtain an average value of 150 ppb and so on up to 40/100-1718 to obtain an average value of 225 ppb/h.

In Figure (15) the same diagram is compared with CO2 - PM1 - Humidity - and VOC (Volatile Organic Compound): we can see that as the ozone concentration increases, with the same humidity, CO2 remains constant, on which cold plasma has no effect, while PM1 suspended particles and VOC's drastically decrease.

To obtain this characteristic curve automatically, the hardware and software system has been set and adapted to manage the air flow so that it can be recycled at 100% "at rest" and then automatically expelled at 25-30% and recycled 70-75% "in operation" at the end of the cycle; once the necessary mix has been identified, the plasma generators automatically manage the necessary amount of ozone during the process of rising, maintaining and decaying with the transformation into air.

With reference to Figure (1), the invention consists of five distinct modules:

HVAC module with internal piping referred to in reference

(10).

Reference sensor module (70). 1 or more reference cold plasma generator modules (110).

1 or more modules with 6 reference plasma discharge cards (80).

Control module 90 containing commands and controls from PLC, graphic interface, Internet connection, power supply (100) and plasma generators (110).

Integration of a monitoring device, including a mobile radio terminal (for example: a mobile phone, a tablet or a PC) designed for remote process management

A server to acquire data from sensors through a data acquisition platform, i.e. a data archive server (for example a hard disk or SSD), i.e. a local storage and archiving system

A data transmission module via GPRS or UMTS or later (preferably with TCP/IP network protocol) A telemetry gateway (for example the A850 Telemetry

Gateway) suitable for processing data by means of a wireless technology on a public network (for example 3G/4G/5G, or later) or private (public or private hot-spots, e.g. Wi-Fi or Li-Fi). HVAC module (10)

The system described here uses an Air Handling Unit (HVAC) indicated as a whole with the reference (10), with electronically controlled ventilation, double flow, with heat recovery, and is made up as described below.. The HVAC is used to circulate the air within the environment to be decontaminated and purified (with reference 120), to set the desired flow rate and the speed of the air itself. Referred to an environment volume of about 400 m , the flow rate must be around 250 m ³ /h, equivalent to 0.60 air recirculations per minute, obtained with an inlet channel with the reference (40), with a diameter of 160. mm and at the outlet with the channel (50), with 0 160 mm, in order to recycle the cold plasma up to a maximum of 100% within the volume to be purified. In the case, the general HVAC will predominate "in operation" while it will be reduced to a minimum "at rest". The HVAC air handling unit, reference (10) in Figure 1, communicates with a 0160 mm supply air inlet duct or duct, indicated with the reference (20), which intercepts air from outside or from the HVAC ducts (if existing), and with an exhaust air duct to the outside or into the HVAC duct, and indicated with the reference (30). These channels have a maximum flow rate of 300 - 600 m ³ /h. More specifically, the flow of air arriving from the outside enters through the supply air inlet channel with the reference (20) and reaches the HVAC with the reference (10); between the duct/duct (20) and the HVAC unit (10) there is a butterfly valve/damper with the reference Ml which allows you to "dose" the inlet air flow. In particular, when the Ml damper is closed, the air coming from the supply air inlet duct (20) does not enter the air handling unit (10). Then it passes through the heat recovery unit (16) attracted by the fan (14), and through the discharge boards of the plasma generator; subsequently the flow rate is measured through a flow switch (60) and enters the environment to be purified (120).

Similarly, the flow of air from the air handling unit

(10) exits through the channel with the reference (30) and reaches the outside or the HVAC channel, if any. A butterfly valve / damper M2 is interposed between the air handling unit (10) and the duct (30) which allows you to "dose" the outgoing air flow. In particular, when the M2 damper is closed, the exhausted air coming from the air handling unit (10) cannot enter the air expulsion channel (30). Downstream of the valve or damper Ml (i.e. in the portion of the duct between the damper Ml and the air handling unit (10) it is possible to provide a diverter module indicated with PL1, while upstream of the valve/damper M2 (i.e. in the portion of the duct between the air handling unit 10 and the damper M2) it is possible to insert a diverter module indicated with PL2. The diverter modules PL1 and PL2 are modules with one input and a plurality of outputs designed to receive and distribute the air in different directions These modules allow to increase the flexibility of the system by being able to redirect the air in different directions in the eventuality to serve different contiguous environments, and being able to achieve a pressure control.

The HVAC air handling unit (10) includes two fans with references (12) and (14), one for supply/intake of air (indicated with reference 12) and the other for intake and exhaust exhaust air (indicated with reference 14). More specifically, the fan (12) is called the suction fan, which draws air from the outside, conveys it to the supply air inlet channel (20) and sends it inside the HVAC air handling unit (10). The second fan (14) is an emission fan that draws air from inside the HVAC air handling unit (10) and sends it to the outside through the expulsion channel (30).

The HVAC air handling unit (10) can also include a heat recovery module (16). This module (16) allows the exchange of heat between the inlet and expulsion air flows to recover heat and reduce the temperature difference between the two flows. The heat recovery unit (16) is a hexagonal solid of synthetic material, drilled in a honeycomb, in which separate flows flow the supply and output air, of which a flow transfers the heat energy to the other, from the hottest to the coldest gas, in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics. In this way, the temperature of the incoming air will be very similar to that outgoing from the environment, whether it is warmer or cooled. In various embodiments the HVAC air handling unit (10) can comprise two mechanical air purification filters: the first, with the reference (16a) is placed at the inlet of the recuperator (16) and one, with the reference (16b), leaving the recuperator (16). These filters (16a) and (16b) are used to stop all the particles contained in the air, down to smaller and smaller sizes, according to a precise classification governed by the EN779 standards, giving the air a first mechanical filtration, subsequently increased also from any recirculation. A high efficiency filter 16a in class F7 or F9 is usually placed at the inlet, which stops substances up to the size of 0.4 pm. This filter (16a) also has a second function, namely that of preserving the heat exchanger (16) from any dust, which would greatly limit its efficiency over time; in this regard, dynamic pressure switches are connected to the filters (16a) and (16b) which indicate when the filters are clogged and need to be replaced. The same is true for the outlet filter (16b), of the G4 type, slightly coarser, which protects the heat recovery unit (16) from any micro-dust contained in the outgoing internal air. In particular, the HVAC air handling unit (10) is in communication with two further channels with references (40) and (50). The channel (40) is the air delivery channel in the controlled environment with the reference (120), either directly or through the existing HVAC channel, while the channel (50) is the room air intake channel (120 ) or through the existing HVAC recovery channel. The return air that enters the channel (50) is sent back to the HVAC (10) through the channel (25). As previously described, the ducts (20), (30), (40) and (50) for transporting the air that enter and exit the HVAC unit (10) are equipped with electrically controlled dampers indicated in the figure with the references Ml, M2, and M3. More specifically, these dampers allow to open completely, close completely or regulate the passage of the air flow in the air transport ducts (20), (30), (40) and (50) and have different possible positions: valve in position 90° indicates open valve and maximum air passage, 0° damper indicates the valve completely closed and the absence of air passage, while a different indication, for example 45° indicates an intermediate position of the valve, with a flow of 50% controlled air. More specifically, the damper indicated by Ml controls the amount of external air required, or its opening and/or closing allows more or less air to reach the air handling unit (10). Similarly, the damper indicated with M2 controls the amount of air expelled from the air handling unit (10). 100% air recirculation

For the construction of the purification cycle it is essential that the air can be recirculated at 100% throughout the decontamination cycle, and it is vital that the action of the shutters is coordinated; to create 100% complete air recirculation, the shutters must be positioned as follows:

1. M390° open; 2. Ml-M20° closed; by doing so, the return air will be forced to pass from channel 50 through channel 25, and enter the HVAC 10 module again through the PL1 diverter. The recirculation of the same air for a period of about 4 hours allows the plasma gas to perform its decontamination function, and create a repeatable and safe process.

Sensor module 70

In various embodiments, the system described here comprises a sensor module (70) of Figure 1, containing the various sensors for detecting the main parameters of the air. The sensor module (70) is placed at the first air intake from the environment to be decontaminated with reference (120), through the channel with reference (50). The sensor board is placed before the filter (16b) and the M3 damper and the duct (25); in this way the return air will be continuously checked regardless of how it is used.

Comparing with Figure 20 and reference (30), the following sensors can be installed as needed: 1. 0 ₂ %,

2. 0 ÷ 10,000 ppb O ₃ ,

3. VOC,

4. CO ₂ ppm,

5. PM1 particles of lpgr/m ³ 6. PM2.5 particles of 2.5pgr/m ³

7. PM10 particles of 10pgr/m ³ 8. Temperature in degrees centigrade

9. CO ppm,

10. O ₃ from 10 ÷ 100 ppm,

11. KPa pressure, 12. Flow rate in m ³ /h,

13. Humidity in%,

14. NO ₂ in ppb.

In the specific case of decontamination in clean rooms or civil environments, the most important are: 1. O ₃ in ppb,

2. NO ₂

3. the scope,

4. the temperature,

5. humidity. The sensors detect the set values every 30 seconds, and supply the data to the control unit in Figure 1 with reference (100), which stores all the data in local memory for up to a week and then loses them or stores them in the cloud. The data is displayed in various forms on the monitor inserted in the control system, or directly on any PC connected via the Internet to the system itself.

The data can also be downloaded in XLM format (Microsoft Excel) and reconstructed and analyzed as needed.

1 or more modules (110) for generating the high voltage necessary for the production of SDBD cold plasma

The architecture of the high voltage generators has been designed to be modular, in order to comply with various possible application needs and for safety reasons. The plasma generators are composed of 1 or more separate modules, with separate power supplies and connected to 1 or more sets of 6 or more SDBD discharge cards separated from each other with reference (80) in figure 1. The generators are positioned in Figure 1 with reference (110), inside the control module (90), and connected to the boards (80) by means of cables of predetermined length since the whole generation system works with precise resonant frequencies. The generated signal is sinusoidal, in high voltage at 3.5 KV and frequency 30KHz, of which the power supply is 12 Volts, the current draw is around 10 Amps, and a power of about 120 Watts each.

The packet sinusoidal pulse method for plasma generation In order to obtain the control of discharges and therefore the relative control of indicators such as Ozone and NO2, it was necessary to modulate the amount of discharges over time and to dose the amount of energy useful for the predetermined result. In relation to the example in Figure 16, we can see that the sequence of high voltage and frequency pulses can be modulated in packets or "bursts" defined in a "Duty Cycle", which is defined Ton with the reference (10) the time in which for a certain number of msec is transmitted, and subsequently a Toff with reference (20), in which the generator is switched off. In the example we obtain a Ton 10 msec and a Toff of 100msec; in this way it is transmitted with a Duty Cycle of 9%, but which can be increased up to 100%, in which Ton is always on and Toff at zero. In relation to Figure (17), vice versa if you want to dilute the quantity of energy emitted even more finely, you can insert a secondary Duty Cycle, which overlaps the first; in this case the secondary Ton continues for the seconds set with the same burst sequence of the primary Duty Cycle (reference 10) and the Toff with the seconds set (reference 20). In the example in figure 17, the secondary Duty Cycle is 40%, with 4 sec Ton and 6 seconds Toff.

Two Modules (80) with six download cards each.

The discharge modules that generate the plasma are composed of 1 or more sets, each of which has 6 or more boards arranged in a comb and in line with the air flow exiting the HVAC module, so that the air passes between the elements generating the electrical micro-discharges. With reference to Figure 1, the boards are positioned downstream of the fan with reference (14), of delivery, before the channel (40) entering the room (120).

With reference to Figure 2, the 6 ceramic glass cards are inserted vertically in the direction of the supply air flow; they are fixed to a mother board and on both sides are provided with an aluminum foil, where electric discharges arise at the edges. The boards are spaced 25 mm apart and the air is forced to flow between them generating the plasma. With reference to Figure 3, each element of the set is composed of a ceramic glass card with reference (10), 140 mm long and 100 mm wide; each side of the card is covered with an aluminum tape with reference 20 and 30. The tape is 0.2mm thick and 40mm high. The choice of aluminum is due to its conductive properties but also to the fact that it is non magnetic. The discharges, with reference (40), according to the pulse pattern will be intermittent to continuous, a few millimeters high and blue in color. Furthermore, for the plasma control, a pulsed sinusoidal voltage was used; also an innovative concept, already validated both in theoretical simulations of the chemical kinetics of plasma and in prototype testing.

Command module (100) with PLCs, graphic interface, and power supply (90).

With reference to Figure 1, the command module (90) controls all parts of the system:

1. The HVAC module with reference (16), including fans

(12) and (14) 2. The M1-M2-M3 dampers,

3. The touch screen monitor,

4. The sensor module,

5. The two high voltage generation modules necessary for the production of cold plasma with reference (110), 6. The two sets of discharge boards necessary for the generation of the plasma with reference (80) 7. The flow switch with reference (60) for measuring the air speed and its flow rate,

8. The display on a graphic interface on a touch screen monitor of all measured parameters, with reference (130),

9. The automatic programming of all the parameters necessary for the decontamination cycle,

10. Several PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) systems perform the task of the automated management of the whole system, analyzing the data of different types of gas, evaluating their tendency, allowing variations in the air mixture, allowing continuous self-diagnosis of efficiency of the components, of the maintenance of the memorized set-points and of the energy efficiency levels of the system.

Graphic interface .

System status .

When the whole system is on, it communicates through the touch screen monitor (130) in figure 1 and as described in the image in Figure 20, in which we can see on the left the scheme of the system and the state of the dampers with reference (10), the state of the primary and secondary Ton and Toff, the plasma status if on or off with reference (20), and on the right 5 columns with reference (30), of which the first on the left indicates the real-time status of the controlled gas values, and the following the minimum, maximum and alarm values set. The plasma is turned on when it falls below the minimum level, and is turned off when the maximum level is exceeded, in order to keep the values within a set range. If the alarm level was exceeded, all the shutters would be opened and external air would be allowed to enter in the maximum capacity of 330 m3/h, which would immediately cool the environment.

Preset configuration.

With the Configuration key with reference (40) of Figure 20 you are sent to a page for configuring and saving the operating presets of the system. In the new page of Figure 23, on the left with the reference (10) the name of the preset, and with the reference (20) the minimum, maximum and alarm values of each parameter. Once limits have been chosen, they can be added, modified or deleted using the keys with the reference (60). In case of adding the preset, the name or code will be displayed on the left in the window with the reference (10). On the right with the reference (30) the values of the work environment to be decontaminated and the air flows chosen for the purpose are set. At the bottom right, the settings relating to the selected Ton and Toff, and the key with the reference (50) which refers to a time band page

Time slot. Figure 24 relates to the presets with the daily and/or weekly programming times, and with the reference (10) the hours of the day are indicated, and of which the type of preset can be chosen for each hour; pressing the button (20) the preset menu will appear and you can choose one.

Data . Again with reference to figure 20, with the reference

(50) by pressing the Data button you are sent back to a subsequent page represented by figure 14. With the reference (10) we can see on the left all the elements controlled by the sensors and their value represented as a trend over time, and sliding on the monitor. On the right with the reference (20), the ozone graph of about 18 hours, with the reference (30) the values with date and time, and with the reference (40) the limits set with the relative alarm. You can change the scales of values and see even just one hour in an enlarged view.

The two main configura ions .

In any case, the proposed decontamination system must be adaptable to the environment in which it is installed, since it is presumed that the existing clean rooms have their own HVAC system already in operation and the proposed system has the task of improving the existing performance, with one study of the characteristics before installation, with an adaptation of the functionalities to the intended purpose, and a verification and testing relating to the purification and decontamination performance after installation. Based on the existing installations and the experience carried out in clean rooms, and in civil environments, the system can be declined in two solutions, depending on whether or not there is already a controlled ventilation with HVAC: 1. A first configuration with internal HVAC; in this case as an integration for the decontamination of a functioning installed HVAC.

2. A second configuration without internal HVAC; when the clean room is first designed or for civil environments, with only one general HVAC.

System with internal HVAC.

In the example of Figure 10 in 3D and analytically in the diagram of Figure 22, the system II in complete configuration as per the diagram already described in Figure 1, will integrate an existing system with reference (20), which according to the type of environment (120) will introduce external air from the duct (10) to the extent of 25% of the total, which will be mixed with the return air (50), and sent to the environment (120). The same air will be taken from the duct (40) and expelled 25% through the duct (60), while 75% will be recirculated again.

The installation will take place by flanking the cold plasma system with reference (80), in which a portion of the air will be taken from the main return duct (40) through the channel (70); the air will pass through the sensors that will analyze all the parameters already described above, and the percentage in ppb of the ozone present in the environment will be used as a reference; the air will be forced through the cold plasma generators (110) experimentally adjusted for the purpose, and reintroduced through the channel (100). The two channels (130) for the intake of external air, and (120) for the expulsion, will be used in the event of an alarm by letting in fresh air at maximum capacity, or in the absence of CO2 sensors in the existing HVAC system, when the C02 for various reasons was too high. System without internal HVAC.

With reference to Figure 25 in 3D we can see that, when designing an HVAC for Clean Room or for civil use environments where an ISO classification of purification and decontamination is required, it is possible to avoid including HVAC in the innovative system represented here. With reference to Figure 26, in this specific case the sensor module will be inserted into the delivery pipe first and immediately after, before entering the room, the two cold plasma discharge modules, so that the selected and above- described parameters can always be controlled., but above all the reference value of Ozone.

With reference to Figure 27, the concept and the work cycle are very similar to the previous one; the variation lies in the fact that the HVAC ducts can be used, without adding another one. With reference to the diagram in Figure

27, the external air is drawn in through the channel (40) of the HVAC (30), with a percentage of 25% of the total flow enters and mixes with that of 75% of recirculation ( 60) coming from the environment, passes first through the F9 filters (90), then through the sensor module (20), and lastly into the cold plasma discharge module (30) also described in Figure 3D 26, and enters the environment. It is then taken up by the channel (70), 25% expelled from the channel (50) and

75% recirculated by the channel (60).

Detailed description of the purification and decontamination cycle with internal HVAC for clean rooms, with existing HVAC and internal HVAC in the system.

The purification and decontamination process involves the following implementation time schedule, with the aim of creating the standard curve of the chosen indicator, referred to in Figure (14), namely Ozone; for example, for an environment with volume of 400m3 and 21,000 m3/h, the presets "in operation" will be set with personnel inside with a Ton 12msec and 100msec Toff and minimum limits 40ppb and maximum 50ppb, from 7.00 to 19.00, and we will keep the concentration of Ozone within the legal and safety limits; while "at rest" that is from 19.00 to 23.00 at night we can choose a decontamination preset around 170-200ppb, and then go up to 600ppb for two hours with Ton 50msec and Toff 100msec, minimum limit 580ppb and maximum 600ppb and 700 ppb alarm. We will obtain a diagram similar to the one in the figure in which during the day we will have very low values of Ozone but with the plasma active and at night or in the absence of personnel we will obtain much higher values to decontaminate more incisively.

1. With reference to Figure (15), it can be observed that when the concentration of Ozone rises, the PM1 and VOC's drop while C02 and humidity in percentages remain constant, as well as N02 that borders on zero.

2. Below is the step by step programming sequence of the automatic cycle: The first operation is the preset of the data shown in figure 23. In particular:

1. the volume of the room in question set in m ;

2. the flow rate of around 400 m ³ /h, in order to have a recirculation of the entire volume in 1 hour; 3. air exchange with 100% recirculation;

4. programming of day and night presets and for a manual decontamination cycle which contain all the values of the parameters to be controlled, of which the main ones;

5. Ozone "in operation" with the minimum limits of 45 ppm and the maximum 50 ppb;

6. 80 ppb alarm;

7. Ozone "at rest" from 250-300 to 580-600ppb.

8. NO2 from 0 to 20 ppb alarm at 30 ppb;

9. Save all presets with a name or code. 10. All presets are entered per hour according to the daily and night programming; 11. This operation activates the ignition of the system with the plasma;

12. Again with reference to Figure (14) we can follow the various phases of the cycle 13. With reference to Figure (1), the system starts with the starting of the fans, in which the first with reference (12) pushes towards the heat recovery unit and the second with reference (14) sucks the air towards the boards of the plasma that in the meantime they will unload according to the schedule; the air at speed passes through the sets of boards and enters the environment (120), and slowly exits, reciprocating the environment once per hour;

14. in the meantime the Ml and M2 dampers have closed while the M3 damper is open; therefore there is no air exchange both inwards and outwards and therefore the flow is forced to pass through the channel (25), enter the PL1 and return to follow the same path until the shutters are programmed differently;

15. Then the generated plasma continues to flow in the environment (120) and returns to pass through the high voltage boards;

16. With reference to Figure (22), the primary HVAC will have to be reprogrammed to decrease the total volume to the minimum possible "at rest", so that the plasma concentration is higher in order to increase the effectiveness of the decontamination. While "in operation" it will return to the total programmed volume.

17. At the same time the sensors continue to measure all the parameters, of which the main indicator is Ozone, which in about 30 minutes will rise up to the maximum set value, at which point the plasma generation will stop and start again only when the value will drop below the minimum value set, creating the sinusoidal curve that defines the decontamination cycle of which the diagram Figure (14) and (15). 18. Returning to figure (14) we will have a rise time of

03 variable from 30 minutes to 1 hour, with reference (10), then the sinusoidal plateau for the programmed time and the return directly or passing from various successive steps, to the values "In operation" during the day with the staff inside.

19. During the testing phase, the results obtained, especially the particles ^5pm, will be checked with the particle counter to determine the ISO classification. It is known that clean rooms are usually oversized in order to better stay within the desired classification.

20. With the use of plasma, the total volume of air will be decreased because it will be possible to accurately determine the purification and decontamination process. For example, if the results were closer to the minimum than that ISO class, the total volumes of air needed could be reduced while remaining within the limits of the same, thus reducing the energy used for the same purpose.

Description of the purification and decontamination cycle (system without internal HVAC), for clean rooms in first installation.

In this case, since it is a new design and first installation, the proposed system does not include internal HVAC and will only use the main one, which will be adjusted according to the results due to cold plasma and day and night cycles or fast decontamination.

With reference to Figure 27, the process will include the same decontamination cycle described above, in which the goal of creating the standard curve of the chosen indicator, referred to in Figure (14), namely Ozone.

As an example, for an environment with a volume of 400m3 and 15,000 m ³ /h, the plasma "in operation" will be activated such as to have an Ozone concentration of 40 ÷ 50 ppb and at night or "at rest" at different levels up to at about 600 ppb for at least two hours. In this way, the HVAC will be adjusted as follows:

1. "in operation" to have 15,000 m3/h of which 75% recirculation equal to 11,750 m3/h of air and 25% equal to 3,750 m3/h of external air.

2. "at rest", but especially at night or on holidays, the HVAC will have to be regulated with 100% recirculation, and the total volume decreased to 800 m3/h, so that the plasma gas can stagnate, exchanging the air due times an hour and can better decontaminate the environment and filters.

Description of the purification and decontamination cycle (system without internal HVAC), dedicated to civil environments both with existing HVAC and in first installation.

Also in these cases the same concepts expressed previously apply. But since these are civil environments, intended as offices, schools, museums, etc., the volumes of air used are usually much lower. For example, for offices of 400 m2, equal to approximately 1,800 m ³ , the HVAC will be designed to slightly exceed 2,000 m ³ /h, with a variable air exchange from 0.5 ÷ 2.0 times per hour, according to the different environments, attendance of staff/visitors, use (such as bathrooms), and expected size and crowding. Referring to Figure 26, the control system (70) will include the PLCs, power supplies and Internet connection, the sensor module (30) and the two sets of plasma discharge boards (40); while the two reference plasma generators (60) will be external and close to the plenum. In this case the pipes will have a diameter in a range of 200 ÷ 300 mm reference (50), and the plenum that will contain the sensor module (30) and the two sets of discharge boards (40) will have dimensions 400x400 mm (reference 10) x 1300 mm long (ref 20. Of the Regulations with reference to Figure 27, the HVAC

(30) will have an inlet of external air (40), which will be immediately mixed with recirculating air, it will pass the coarser filter F7/9, where the particles will be retained up to 95%, then it will pass into the sensor module where the control parameters are measured in real time, and then into the discharge cards for the generation of the plasma gas, before entering the various environments. In each room there will be air intake grilles which, through the channel (70), will arrive again at the HVAC (30) and will then be recycled at 75% and expelled at 25%, With reference (60), and so on. Street.

The purification and decontamination process will be the same as the previous ones, but with some variations due to the different methods of use, as follows:

1. "in operation", with the Ozone reference values at 40- 50ppb; but since there will be separate environments destined for different uses, it will also be necessary to carefully evaluate the positioning of O ₃ - CO ₂ sensors inside the most crowded environments, both due to the concentration of CO ₂ and for Ozone, which must always remain within the programmed limits. In the case of C02 that is too high, more fresh air will enter from the outside by varying the mix, for example, from 75% to 70% of recirculation and from 25% to 30% of external air. 2. "at rest", the same settings previously described apply, with high Ozone values, up to 600 ppb and more, if necessary. All entrances must always be alarmed and additional safety devices must be added.

The innovation .

1) In summary, the innovation of the cold plasma gas purification and decontamination system, dry, and at room temperature, mainly lies in the following characteristics that distinguish it:

2)Although known, the SDBD (Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge) cold plasma was born and has been studied mainly for aeronautical applications related to the fluid dynamics of aircraft wings, while in this case the novelty lies in the application linked to air purification..

3) The state of the art for indoor air purification and decontamination applications can be divided into several broad categories:

4) Clean rooms, where the number of suspended particles in the indoor air is important and linked to the classification relating to the International Standards ISO 14664-1. With the help of the innovation represented here, there is a decrease of about 50% of the suspended particles with 0 0.5 pm and above, all other parameters being equal. Always with the aid of the automatic system shown here, a complete decontamination of the clean room is possible, continuously for 24 hours a day. 5) Civil type environments in which normally, if there is an

HVAC, it is related only to the exchange of air, and at most, but not always, to the C02 value present in the environments, to increase the quantity of air coming from outside to dilute its concentration. The innovation in this case lies in the fact of being able to consistently reduce the bacterial load present in the environments during the day (in operation), and being able to decontaminate during the night or in the absence of personnel (at rest).

6)The new international standards now also take into account energy consumption and since clean rooms are always oversized in terms of air exchange volumes, the innovation of the process represented here lies in the fact that, with the same ISO classification, you can greatly reduce the volumes of air needed, with an energy saving that reaches a decrease of up to 50% Unfortunately, currently the state of the art in most cases is to have no Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (see schools, kindergartens, offices, museums, etc.) and therefore only a one-off manual disinfection is carried out, in which there is no control of the process. At the maximum of automation we find ozone generators that emit known quantities of gas in pgr/m3, according to the volume of the room, and therefore the first time the window or door is opened, one returns to the previous situation. 7)The innovation in the process represented here is evident, and lies in the fact that first of all a Controlled Mechanical Ventilation is obtained (when it does not exist), and which includes an air purification and a microbiological decontamination with continuous control of the plasma gas dosage, diluted in air changes, 24 hours a day, in complete safety. )Another innovation, both for clean rooms and for civil environments, of the dry, low temperature air plasma gas system, allows to keep clean and decontaminated always, 24 hours a day, both the pipes necessary for the system, and the filters necessary for the purification of indoor air.)A further innovation lies in the fact that the decontamination declaration is carried out by a qualified third party, downstream of an installation in the testing phase, and certifies no longer a measurement carried out at the moment, but a repeatable and verifiable process over time.