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Title:
MODULAR SPECTRUM-BASED ANALYZING AND TRANSMITTING DEVICE
Document Type and Number:
WIPO Patent Application WO/2017/027882
Kind Code:
A1
Abstract:
A portable tactical transmitting and receiving device comprising a ruggedized tactical frame, and computing module, a payload module, an omnidirectional and directional antenna. The device frame is configured to be man portable and conveniently held by a single user while maintaining the capability to transmit and receive on multiple bands of spectrum. Additionally, the configuration of the device may conveniently allow tactical users to detect, attack or infiltrate radio frequency based networks and systems.

Inventors:
RANDOLPH LUCIAN (US)
Application Number:
PCT/US2016/047067
Publication Date:
February 16, 2017
Filing Date:
August 15, 2016
Export Citation:
Click for automatic bibliography generation   Help
Assignee:
RANDOLPH LUCIAN (US)
International Classes:
G01S3/04; G01S7/41; H04J3/06
Foreign References:
US20140036065A12014-02-06
US4998636A1991-03-12
US20140266787A12014-09-18
US20100028725A12010-02-04
US6735450B12004-05-11
US20070229727A12007-10-04
Other References:
RHODE ET AL.: "News from Rohde&Schwarz", NEWS FROM ROHDE&SCHWARZ NUMBER 194 (2007/III, pages 1 - 84, Retrieved from the Internet
Attorney, Agent or Firm:
GILTINAN, William G. (US)
Download PDF:
Claims:
CLAIMS

I claim,

I . A hardened portable devic for' anal sing spectrum from targeted, source, said device comprising:

a shock resistant frame;

a directional antenna mounted on said frame adapted to detect a first

predetermined -range pf spectrum;

an omnidirectional antenna mounted on said frame adapted to detect a second predetermined range of spectrum ;

a primar processor mounted on said frame and adapted to analyze spectrum; display mounted on said frame and. adapted to :reeeive video output from said, primar processor, said video output being adapted to display a visualization of said first pre-determined spectrum and said second pre-detemiined spectrum;

a payloa module mounted on said frame;

said pay toad module being adapted to communicate with said primary processor; said payload module comprising a field programmable gate array;

said payload module .being, adapted to receive spectrum data from said directional antenna and from said, omnidirectional antenna;

a portable power unit adapted to supply power io said payload module and to said primary processor;

said field programmable gate array being adapted to receive at least one first set of computer readable instruction from said pr imary processor and at least one second set of compater readable instructions from said primary processor* wherein said at. least one first set of computer readable Histtueiioiis comprise a software defined radio adapted to process at least portion, of said first predetermined range of spectrum, and said at bast one second set of computer readable instructions comprise a soft ware defined radio adapted to process at. least one- ortion of said second predetermined range of spectrum.

2. The device of Claim 1 wherein said frame further comprises:

generally rectangular first sub-frame comprising an upper member and a lowe member arranged generally parallel and operatively connected -at the ends by a front member and a rear member ;

a generally .rectangular second sub-frame arranged generally .perpendicular to said first sub-frame comprising a left member and a right member arranged generally parallel to each other and operatively connected at the ends by a top member and bottom member;

said generally rectangular second sub- frame further comprising a middle member positioned generally halfway between said top member and said bottom member and operative ly connected to said left member and said right member;

said 'bottom member of said second sub-frame being operably connected to said lower member of said first sub-frame and said middle member of said second sub-frame being operatively connected to said upper member of said first sub-frame, whereby the intersection of said first sub- frame and said second sub-frame defines a .rear -mounting bay between said rear member and said middle member and a forward mounting bay between said middle member and said front member wherein said payioad module and said primary processor are., mounted within said .mounting bays.

3, The device of Claim 2 further comprising a neck strap attached to said frame,

4. The device of Claim 2 further comprising a belt adapted to hold said portable power unit.

5. The device of Claim 1 wherein said portable power .unit is a battery,

6, The device of Claim 5 wherein said portable power unit is a fuel ce il

?, The device of Claim 1 further comprising a plurality of setisors in communication with said primary processor.

8. The device of Claim 7 wherein at least one of said plurality of sensors is selected from a group consisting of: a GPS receiver, aceelerometer, gyroscope, and

magnetometer.

9. The device of Claim 1. wherein said plurality of sensors is adapted to provide position and orientation information to said primary processor.

10. The device of Claim 1 wherein said directional antenna comprises a plurality of antennas wherein said plurality of -antennas- is adapted to operate on. multiple b nds of spectrum.

1 1. The- device of Claim 1 wherein said omnidirectional antenna comprises a plurality of antennas wherein said plurality of antennas is adapted to operate on multiple bands of spectrum.

.12, The device of Claim i wherein said omnidirectional antenna comprises at least an informatiort-ex.chs.nge antenna mounted on said frame and adapted to transmit GPS data and spectrum data between said primary processor and a network adapted to transmit said GPS data and said spectrum data to a remote processing facility, whereby said remote processing facility may process said GPS data and said spectrum data.

13. The device of Claim 1 wherein said irame is formed of military-grade PVC tubing and elbows covered with shock absorbing material.

1 . The device of Claim 1 wherein said 'frame is formed of injection-molded plastic comprising two case halves joined by a! least one hinge and at least one closure substantially opposite said at least one hinge.

15. A portable device for receiving and transmitting signals, comprising a shock absorbing frame comprising a first mounting bay and a second mounting bay;

an antenna array mounted to said frame, said antenna array oojt¾>risi«g

a first, removable antenna modul comprising a directional antenna adapted to receive or transniii at least a first signal in a predetermined range of spectrum, and

a second removable antenna module comprising an omnidirectional antenna adapted to. receive or r nsmit at least one second signal in a second predetermined range- of .spectrum;

a computer module mounted within said .first mounting bay, said computer module comprising a proc ssin unit, a memory coupled to said processing unit, and a ruggedked. outer ease;

a payload module mounted within said second mounting bay, said payload module in communication with said computer module and said antenna array, said payload module comprising at least one non-transitory media comprising computer readable instructions adapted for digital signal processing,

wherein said compute module receives signal data from said payload module and said computer module generates at least one program to analyze and/or process said signal data;

an interface module in communication with said computer module, said interface module comprising a display adapted to receive video output from said computer module, wherein output of at least, one program is displayed on said display, and an input device adapted to provide a user interface in communication with said computer module and said display;

a sensor suite in communication with said computer module, comprising at least one of a GPS receiver, accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer, wherein data from said sensor suite is .adapted to provide position and orientation information to said computer module;

a power regulator coupled to said payload module and said computer module; and a user replaceable power uni separat from said, frame, wherein said user replaceable power source is operably connected to said power regulator.

16, A portable device for receiving and transmitting signals, comprising

shock, absorbing .frame, said frame- comprising.

a generally .rectangular first sub-frame comprising an upper member and a lower member arranged generally parallel and operativeiy connected at the ends by a front member and a rear member,

a generally rectangular second sub-frame arranged generally perpendicular to said first sub-frame comprising a left member and a right member arranged generally parallel to each other and operativeiy connected at. the ends by a top member and bottom member, said generally rectangular second sub-frame further comprising a middle member positioned generally halfway between, said top member and said bottom member and operativeiy connected to said left member and said right member,

wherein said bottom member of said second sub- frame is operably connected to said lower member of said first sub-frame and said middl member of said second suf frame is ©peratively connected to said upper member of said first stib-frarrie, whereby the Intersection of said first sub-frame and said second sub- frame defines a rear mounting av between said rear member and said middle membe and a forward mounting bay between said middle member and said front member;

a removable antenna array comprising,

a first antenna module mounted to said frame generally forward of said second pair of parallel members, wherein said first antenna module comprises a directional antenna adapted to receive or transmit at least a first signal in a predetermined range of .spectrum, and

a second antenna module mounted towards the upper half and forward of said second pair of parallel members, wherein said second antenna module' comprises an omnidirectional antenna adapted to receive or transmit at least one second signal in a second predetermined range of spectrum;

a removable computer module mounted within at least one mounting bay, said computer module comprising a processing unit, a memory coupled to the processing unit, and a ruggedized outer case;

a removable payioad module mounted within at least one mounting bay, said payioad. module in conitiTimieaiion with said computer module and said, antenna array, said payioad module comprising at least one non- transitory media comprising at least one computer readable instruction, said at least one computer readable instruction comprising a software defined radio;

an interface module in communication with said computer module, said interface module comprising a display adapted to recei ve video output from said computer module, whereby video output of at least one program is displayed on said display, and an input device adapted to pr ide a user interface hi communication with said computer module and said display;

a plurality of sensors in cGmmimication with said computer module, wherein at least, one of said plurality of sensors is adapted to provide position and orientation information to said computer module;

a power regulator coupled to said payioad module and said, computer module; a user replaceable power unit separate from said, frame, wherein said user replaceable power unit is operably connected to said power regulator,

17. The portable device for receiving and transmitting signals of Claim 16 wherein said removable payioad module further comprises a visualization, module.

1 S. The portable device for receiving and transmitting signals of Claim 17 wherein the visualization module comprises at least one computer readable instruction adapted for receiving data from said plurality of sensors, said antenna array, and a source of transmission signal location data, wherein said computer readable instruction renders graphics representing signal locations and. displays said graphics on said display,

19. The portable device for receiving and transmitting signals of Claim .1.6 wherein said removable payioad module comprises a field programmable gate array.

20. The device of Claim 16 wherein at least one of said plarality o f sensors is selected from. a. roup consisting of: a GPS receiver, aceeleromeler, gyroscope, arid

magnetometer.

Description:
Title: MODULAR SPECTRUM-BASED ANALYZING AMD

TRANSMITTING DEVICE

Inventor: Lueiarc Randolph

[0(161] This utility application includes material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to th facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office files or records, but otherwise reserves ail copyright rights whatsoever,

[0662]This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application numbers 62/307,845 and 62/204,545 which are hereby incorporated in their entirety.

FIELD OF USE

[0Ό03] The presently disclosed innovations relate in general to the field of speetrunv based analyzers and armaments, and in particular, to a portable device for detecting and measuring spectrams across a broad range in tactical military field applications, whether on a battlefield or within a surveillance area, and for optionally transmitting interfering or disruptive signals, or delivering digital pay load .modules to networks, a a tactical cyber assault weapon,

BACKGROUND

[0604] Spectrum analyzers, have been described in. references including U.S. Patent Nos. 6,512,788 and 7,123.181. Radio frequency weapons have been described in references including U.S. Patent. Mo. 7,948,426. Spread spectrum techniques for modulating data payload modules have been described in references including U.S. Patent No. 7,869,409. Techniques for the visualization of radio frequency transmission sources have been described in references including U.S. Publication No. 2014/0036065 Al . The foregoing; publications are hereby incorporated herein by .reference.

[OOeSjThe present invention addresses limitations in, and provides advantages over, previously known apparatuses and methods, including those disclosed in the foregoing references. Features and advantages offered by embodiments described herein include, but are not limited to, enhanced portability, durability, and capability, particularly, when used in die field durin .military operations,

SUMMARY

[0006] One exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a hardened portable device for analyzing spectrum from a targeted source. The exemplary device has a frame of shock resistant tubes, a directional antenna mounted on the frame adapted to detect a first predetermined range of spectrum, and an omnidirectional antenna mounted on the frame adapted to detect a second predetermined, range of spectrum, A primary processor is mounted on the. frame and adapted to analyze- spectrum .data. A. display is mounted on the frame and adapted to receive video output from the primary processor. The video output may include a display of a visualization of spectrum detection and analysis.

[00071 A payload module is mounted on the frame and is connected, in communication with the primary processor. The- payload module is adapted to receive spectrum data from the directional antenna and from the omnidirectional antenna, and the module may optionally include a field programmable gate array capable of being configured as a plurality of software-defined radios. A portable power unit supplies power to the payload module and to the primary processor. Where a field programmable gate array capable- of being- configured as a software-defined radio is used, the array may be adapted to receive at least one first set of computer readable mstractioiis from the primary processor and at least one second set of computer readable instructions from the primary processor. The first set of computer readable instructions may comprise a software-defined radio adapted to process at least a first portion of a first predetermined range of spectrum, and the second set of computer readable instructions may comprise a second software-defined, radi adapted to process a second predetermined range of spectrum,

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP THE DRAWINGS

[0008] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following more particular description as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which reference characters refer to the same parts throughout, the various views. The drawing are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon Illustrating principles of the embodiment,

[0009] Fig. 1 is a side vie of an embodiment of a device according to the. present invention.

[0010] Fig. 2 is the side view opposite to Fig. 1 of the embodiment of Fig. 1.

[001.1] Fig. 3 is a front view of the embodiment of Fig. I .

[0012] Fig. 4 is a rear view of the embodiment of Fig. 1.

[0013] Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the embodiment of Fig. 1.

[0 14] Fig. 6 Is a perspective view of an embodiment of a belt and poweh capable- of receiving a portable power unit capable of powering the embodiment of Fig. 1, [0015] Fig, 7 is an illustration representing the view of displa screen displaying m embodiment of a: signal source visualization according to the present, invention.

£0016] Fig, 8 is an illustration representing the vie of display screen displaying an alternate: embodiment of a signal source visualization accordin t the present invention, 001:?] Fig. 9 is a illustration representing the view of display screen displaying another alternate embodiment of signal source visualization of the present invention.

[00183 Fig. 10 is an illustration representing the view of display screen displaying another embodiment of a signal source visualization of the present invention,

[00.19] Fig. 11 is an illustration in schematic form of an embodiment of a system according to the present invention comprisin multiple portable devices in communication with one another and wit a wide area network.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0020] Reference will no be made in detail to certain embodiments of the presently disclosed invention, features of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 10021] Embodiments according to the present disclosure may serve as a tactical cyber assault weapon that includes spectrum search and analysis capabilities. One enitodirnent of th present invention may conveniently be called a Phaser. The range of spectrum searched and analyzed may depend on the pay oad module implemented on the device and the antennas incorporated into the device. An advantage of an embodiment for the presently disclosed invention may be the modularity aspect of the payioad module and antennas, which may permit different ranges of spectrums to be analyzed by changing payioad modules and/or antennas to suit the needs of particular .mission. Such changes may further involve changing software on non-transitory media connected the primary processor to enable of enhance communication with a given payload module or altering the overall capability set of the Phaser, in addition, a benefit of certain, embodiments may be the ability to incorporate variotis antennas (which may be a -single antenna or an antenna array) of varying designs for receiving or transmitting arious spectrum portions,

[0022] A benefit of the device's frame comprising of tubing, in accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, may be appreciated when the frame is used to house antennas having different lengths fo receiving a broad rang of specirems, optionally with a switching module capable of switching among antennas having different lengths in rapid succession. Antennas located outsid of the frame may provide the advantage of receiving additional spectrum ranges and being interchangeable on or off the field, A further object for certain embodiments may concern the ability to attack targets via. a directional antenna. In attack or offense mode, a transmitted signal propagated by the directional antenna may be used, for example and without limitation, to overload a cell tower, deploy malware onto a wireless network, interfere with the operation of an improvised explosive device, or overheat or melt targets. In certain embodiments, the payload module or primary processor ma also include an. optional wired interface such as an Ethernet port, USB port, serial port, or the like, capable of delivering malware to a wired network or disconnected device.

[0023] Where field deployment in a potentially hostile environment is necessary, it can be desirable to increase, deployment times by reducing power consumption and to decrease likelihood of detection by lowering signal and hea emissions. Benefits of certain emlx>diments, therefore, may- also include a device capable of operating in a passive, surveillance or defease mode in which transmission of signals is eliminated, minimized, or limited to directional emissions. Such embodiment may also offer low thernso-ontpnt to deter detection, of. the device and low energy consumption to promote extended life of a portable power unit, such as a battery pack or fuel cell, for powering the device. A further benefit may include the low noise level of the device, which is another advantageous attribute for avoiding detection. Utilizing in the primary · processor one or more micro-primary processors having sufficient heat sinks may also be beneficial to .reducing the device's noise level as the need for .fens and other active cooling devices can be eliminated or minimized when appropriate heat sinks are used, in certain embodiments* the primary processor case may act as a part of a heat sine system.

[0024] Additional advantages tha may be appreciated in tactical military field application, include the durability ami w ter-resistance of certain, embodiments. Further, a benefit of embodiments ma include the device's form factor, light weigh and small size, which would allow an individual to carry the device as a squad-level weapon. The use of a belt adapted to hold the power unit and a neck strap or shoulder strap for holding the device may be appreciated, as well for certain embodiments as such features can make it easier for a person to carry the device or to operate it in the field by allowing it to be supported, without requiring both hands. A farther benefit, may■ be. that the size, dimension and balance of the device may be similar to that of an assault weapon, so that a soldier may carry and handle the device with ease and familiarity in tactical military field applications. Accordingly, certain embodiments for military applications may include a device that is field deployable, portable, sturdy, and configured to be carried for long distances .and capable- of use by a -single person without the need for tables, tripods, or other supports, which would then, be optional depending on. mission parameters,

£002-5] An object for certain embodiments may be an information-exchange, capability so that information from the field may be exchanged among devices and with third parties. Such embodiments may include a small form-factor satellite- antenna that allows the device to communicate with a network and optionally transmit data to remote computers through that network. Other exemplary embodiments may include, live connections to other devices fielded in proximity to each other. Such devices may be in communication vi a wireless network to other devices, such as integrated into the Electronic Warfare Planning and Management Tool (EWPMT). The EWPMT provides the initial integrated Electronic Warfare System (IEWS) capability by coordinating and synchronizing operations from Army battalions to the task force level. An embodiment of an EWPMT is described in B. Pollacheck, New Army Tool Enhances Eleclmnic Warfare Capabilities, PEO JEW&S Public Affairs Office (March 2, 2015) {available at http://www.army.mil/article/143720), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

C0 26] In certai embodiments such communications may include locally processed or data or the results of locally performed analysis;. In other embodiments, such communications may include communications to or from the device user. In certain embodiments, such communications or transmissions may include raw or only lightly processed data which may be analyzed by remote process facilities, such as a comparatively close base camp or a remote facility with greater computing capabilit such a -remotely located data center Operated by an intelligence . agency. Where such transmissions ' are not convenient or necessary, another advantage of a embodiment of the presently disclosed invention ma he removable storage media for data, which may be physically transported to another location for analysis or use during -debriefing.

[01 27] inclusion o a standard Ethernet port or wireless networking capability can facilitate pre-deployment programming or -configuration, post-deployment, data transmission, or in-field access to networks. It will thus be seen thai advantages of embodiments according to the present disclosure allow receipt and transmission of data irom a plurality of sources including through secure satellite, wired or wireless networks accessed in the field, through third party wireless networks, or by using removable storage media,

[0028] Other benefits of embodiments may include the ability for the device to accurately determine its location, conveniently through use ' of a Global Positioning System (GPS) functionality, other positional sensors such as inertia! sensors, or b triangulation with, or signal analysis of, radio sources with known locations (i.e. a fixed ground transmitter, or device within communication range with its own location information, or a remote mobile station such as an aircraft with a known location at a given moment). Locattonal awareness not. only allows for improved localisation of detected signals, but. also for determining the location of signal sources by iriangulation based on multiple data points from a single device, or coordinated data from, two or more- devices or other direction finding apparatuses. It will be understood that location data from other sources such as, without limitation, cellular towers or wireless acces points may be used in addition to GPS, or in lieu of it when necessary. For example, and without limitation, two or more Phaser devices in the field may provide data points for triangtdation of locations of target signals- or Phaser devices. In. one exemplary embodiment, the location could be a location of ¾n. unknown signal source detected by one of the Phaser devices. In this example, two or more Phaser devices .may be in range and receiving signals from the source signal, or target, with each Phaser receiving slightly different signal characteristics based on each Phaser's relative position to the target The Phasers may connect with each other via a secure network, such as an encrypted radio channel to share this information, after which one or more of the Phaser devices' primar y processors would calculate a relative or absolute location, using known signal analysis and triangulation methods. In a preferred embodiment, each Phaser may already he in radio communication with each other via a secure tactical network. When connected in real time via a secure tactical network, each Phaser may be sharing its position information, and received signal information, continuously to other Phasers and/or other tactical wide area networks or via other channels of communication, such as a satellite uplink.

[0029] Each Phaser may take its own signal data and the signal data from one or more other Phasers, communicated over the secure network, and process that data to determine the location of the target. In some embodiments, two or more Phasers may create a secure network between each other using the omnidirectional antennas.. The signal from the target signal source ma als be received by the omnidirectional, antennas. The two Phasers may also transmit their own position based on internal, location or geo- positioning, such as inertial positional information or GPS capability. When a Phaser knows its own location, that information may be combined with the distinct signal characteristics ' of other Phasers 5 received signals to deiermiue location ' of the- target signal source.

[0030] If internal, position information is not known by each Phaser, or only known by one of the: Phasers, the system may be adapted to provide location information with only the known location of one Phaser device. For example, a single Phaser using, both an omnidirectional antenna and a directional antenna can establish radio communication with a Phaser that has lost internal position information. The directional antenna on the first Phaser ma measure signal strength in a direction, to determine the relative direction of both a second Phaser and a target signal source. The second Phaser may also use a directional antenna to find the relative direction of the firs Phaser and the target- signal source. Using a combination of the measured directions, signal strength, and other signal characteristics shared between the two Phasers via the secure network formed with the omnidirectional antennas, a location of the target signal source and the second Phaser may be determined. Such capabilities can improve battlefield awareness by providing means of location determination in the absence of GPS data or partial device failures. 10031] Further, multiple bands of spectrum may be used to enhance, augment or verify any location calculation or determination. For example, if two Phasers each have antennas and. payload. modules configured to operate on a band x of spectrum (or a portion thereof), the signal calculation for .location may take place using signal data from band x. The Phasers, while in radio communication, could then each cycle through different payload module configurations, such as reconfiguring a software defined radio in the payload module, to operate on different band of spectrum, such as band y (or a portion therof), which may still be in the operational range of the antennas. This may allow the Phasers to perform geo-location and iriangulaikm processes from signals from multiple bands of. spectrum. This ma be advantageous: in environments with significant signal noise or disruption, such as high F usage or active jamming by an adversary,

[01 32] in some embodiments, the inclusion of additional Phaser devices enhances reliability and precision of the location determining calculation processes by adding data points and signal information for processing locally, in a command center, or in a central processing facility linked by a wider area network such as a satellite network.

[0033] The .modularity aspect of embodiments according to the present disclosure may provide still further benefits in certain applications, lix particular, by separating antennas and processing capability from the payload module:, different payload modules may be added to provide capabilities that are optimized for particular missions. For example, and without limitation, certain embodiments may include payload modules with digital signal primary processors and software-based radios for advanced signal detection and analysis, while other payload modules may include network analysis or malware deployment capabilities focused more on particular types of data networks and lesser signal analysis capabilities. Other embodiments may include a payload module capable of performing advanced signal analysts adapted to support a visualisation tool which processes and locates received, stored, and detected signals and renders them on a display.

ΟΘ343 Further modularizing by separating antennas from processing and payload modules may provide further advantages, including when an array of antennas having different lengths are incorporated for sending or receiving a broad range of spectrums are accessible together with a payload. .module capable of communicating with a variety of antennas. This configuration would enable the device to switch between antennas of different lengths or characteristics without any need to physically plug and unplug different an ennas for scanning or accessing different speetrums. Where fewer antennas are needed, antennas (or payload modules) may also be switched by plugging or unplugging,

100353 In some embodiments, the device may further include the benefit of a multifunction display (MFD), touc screen, control pad, tonchpad and/or keyboard for accessing and controlling the functionality of the device ("I/O devices"). In such embodiments the I/O device may conveniently interface directly with the computing: module, which will in turn interface with the payload module, which will in turn interface with the antennas. Where near silent operation light minimization are desired, haptic vibration units wired to the computing mod tile may be used as a further I/O device to enable feedback to the user, without, requiring use of a light-generating display . By way of example for illustration purposes only, while one user .may desire a visible display on a touch screen that indicates signal strengt or direction, another user may prefer the touch screen to remain dark and to hav signal strength or direction indicated by the intensity of vibrations delivered b one or more haptic vibration units that can be held by, or attached to, the operator.

[01)36] Certain embodiments ma also include the benefit of a payload module comprising hardware, software, and/or field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), An advantage for embodiments may include a FPGA which may cycle through different radio ranges or provide multiple payload module functionality. For example, where analysis and detection of signals by software-based radios is needed, a payload module with an FPGA may be reconfigured at the direction of or by, the primary processor to simulate the operation of a variety of software-based radios, snstead of requiring the transport of multiple distinct radios into the field or requiring multiple pieces of software- based radio hardware to be built into the payload module. Wit suitable FPG As, the transitioning, ' from one configuration to another can be quite rapid, thereby enabling such embodiments to cycle through a variety of software-based radio configurations, one after another, during the signal detection and analysis processes. Where such capability is not needed, a payload module with distinct radios or special purpose signal processing capability may be used. The modularity of the payload module thus enables a wide range of mission-specific configurations.

|0(Ι3?] By using modular payload modules with different capabilities, the type of spectrum to be analyzed and their industry applications ' may include: electrical signals, electromagnetic signals, radio signals, radar, acoustic signals, telecommunication* signals, cellular signals, !iequency-hoppmg spread spectrum (FHSS), direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), time-hopping spread spectrum (I ' HSS), chirp spread spectrum (CSS), etc, in certain embodiments, the payload module may comprise computer readable instructions to be executed by a payload module primary processor in order to generate computer program for analyzing spectrum data for certain types of signals (a signal primary processor payload module), in even further embodiments , the payload. module may comprise computer readable instructions to be executed by a payload module primary processor in order to generate a computer program for locating and rendering transmission source data that can be rendered on a screen by the primary processor. It will thus be seen that the use of modular payload modules as disclosed herein provides a platform for spectrum analysis and spectrum-based operations, as op osed to a purpose-built device optimized for a predefined set of missions.

£0038] in. accordance with certain embodiments, Bluetooth technology, Wi-Fi technology and/or a wired connection ma provide communication capabilities between any of the following components: the payload module, the primary processor, and the I/O device(s). In some embodiments, the power unit may supply power to any of the following components: the payload module, the primary processor, and the 3/0 devices, it will be noted that supplying power to such devices may be direct (i.e. via a connection from the power unit to the component} or indirect (e.g. supply of power to the primary processor, which then, distributes power to the I/O d viee(s) and or the payload module). Thus, a portable power unit adapted to supply power to the payload module and the primary processor ma do so either directly, or indirectly, with the resulting configuration still being within the scope of the invention regardless of which component(s) ha ve direct or indirect power unit connections, in certain embodiments, the power unit is located in close proximity to the device. In some embodiments, the power unit may be mounted on a belt of the individual carrying the device. Alternatively, the power unit may be mounted on the frame of the device. Convenient power supplies include lithium ion batteries or fuel cells.

0Θ39] In accordance with certain embodiments, the spectrum to be analyzed by the device may include a variety of targeted sources of spectrum, such as cellular devices and Wi-Fi capable devices. In certain embodiments, the device has no limits on what type of spectrum it can target. For example, the device may receive and analyze any and all radio transmissions between the frequencies of 1. Hz to 25 GH . Accordingly, the device may target any source that transmits any type of electromagnetic radiation in thai range, e.g. garage door openers, waikie talkies, police radios, combat .airplane communications equipment, baby .monitors, short-wave radio, home alarm systems, grocery stor automatic door openers, remote control toys, and satellites- The list for all of the potential targeted spectrum would be very long indeed because the number of apparatuses and systems tha create electromagnetic radiation which can be targeted by the device is unfathomably large and almost all such targets can be used to trigger an lED,

[0040] Additional exemplary embodiments, may include a visualization aspect. For example, a MFD may provide a visualization of the radio frequencies being transmitted in a g ven area. As the antenna receives transmissions from the environment, a. visualization, or virtual RF map may he displayed on the screen representing the signais the device is receiving. In a further exemplary embodiment, multiple devices may be fielded In proximity to each other. With multiple devices deployed simultaneously, received signals can be triangulated and a distance and direction accurately determined as was noted above. Based on these coordinates and integration of signals from multiple- devices, a display may show a visualization of the signals which represents the distance to the source as well as frequency and signal strength, as well as ' other data. The. result i an RF map that provides situational awareness -on the spectrum level, as an enhancement to situational awareness on a visual level or an infrared level.

[0041 ] in a further exemplary embodiment the display ma present a predictive visualization of RF transmission. For example, based on databases, such as those maintained by local communication regulatory bodies, a visualization may include prediction of expected transmission sources on screen or other I/O device. For example, in the direction the device is aimed, where the local database shows a specific transmission of a specific frequency at a specific location, the visualization tool can calculate the location of that specified source in relation to the device by using the GPS coordinates or other position dat of the device and those available for locations listed in. the database or other sources. Then, using an internal compass or other positioning sensors within the device, such as pitch, roil and yaw sensors, the- visualization tool may render on the display the sources from the database in their specified location and. frequencies when, the device is pointed m the direction of where thai specified source is listed to lie in the database.

|0(f42] The result may be, as a user of the device scans an area by pointing the device in ¾ direction, the sources of transmissions i the area, as listed in the database, appear on the screen. In some embodiments, the visualization tool may display a physical object, such as tower, where a tower is listed at that location in a database. In other embodiment, the visualization tool may display a graphic consisting of concentric lines propagating away from where the source is predicted to be. It is understood that many different graphical, virtual or visualization mechanisms may be displayed on a screen to represent transmissions and or sources of transtnisslons and those listed are merely exemplary.

[01)43] in a further exemplary -embodiment, the predictive transmission visualization may be overlaid upon a second visualization. For example, a second visualizatio may be rendered based on a feed from a camera. In this embodiment, the display would show what the camera is seeing in front of the device as the device is pointed in a direction. In other embodiments, the camera ma be located on a user or another device. In even further embodiments, the camera may be- located on a satellite, aircraft or an unmanned aerial system. It Is understood that a camera feed can have many alternate locations or platforms and those discussed within are: not limited, but merely exemplary. It is understood that any camera feed may provide the second visualisation .rendering.

[01 44] In some embodiments* the predictive transmission rendering may be overlaid, upon the rendering from the camera teed. For example, a frontal view front a camera pointed at a transmitting tower may show a tower. Overlaid upon the tower may be a graphical representation of the signal transmitting from the tower. In an alternate exemplary embodiment, the- camera feed may be a top view of art area, such s from an aircraft or a satellite. In this embodiment, the visualisation tool would render the graphic representation of transmissio of the tower upon the top down, or map -view, iron* the camera feed,

9045'] In some embodiments, a large area may be. displayed from a camera feed. In further embodttnents, the large area rendered on the display may remain static, for example, in an accurate compass position relative to the user of the device. In further embodiments, the static visualization from the camera feed may remain stationary on the screen while a user turns the device. In this embodiment, as the user turns the device, the predicted transmission visualisation would appear rendered overlaid on the camera feed for areas of the location shown by the camera feed for which the device is pointed.

0Θ463 In further embodiments a visualisation tool, may display a constant ma view of an area with the predictive transmissions rendered throughout the entire map view, in a further embodiment such as this, zoom and map functions may allow the user to focus in on a specific area where the display would only show that specific area and the predicted transmissions for that area. [0 47] In a further embodiment, received transmission signals may be displayed by the visualization tool For example, as user pans the device in a certain direction, signals received by the antennas may he displayed by the visualization tool, la this embodiment, the received transmission signals may be rendered o the displa simultaneously with the predictive transmission signals. In other embodiments, only the received transmissions may be dis layed.

[0048] In some embodiments, the visualization tool may display a physical object, such as tower, to -represent: the received transmission,, in other emb diments the visualization tool may display a graphic consisting of concentric lines propagating away from a poin where the source is received from. It is understood that many different graphical, virtual or visualization mechanisms may be displayed on a touchscreen to represent transmissions and/or source of transmissions and those listed are- merely exemplary. ! 0(149] In a further exemplary embodiment, the received transmission visualization may be overlaid upon a second visualization, for example, a second visualization may be rendered based on a feed from a camera overlaid on a dispiay showing received signal data. In this embodiment, the display would show what the camera or antennas are seeing in front of the device as the device is pointed in a direction. In other embodiments, the camera may be located on a user or another device. In even further embodiments, the camera may be- located on a satellite, aircraft or an. unmanned aerial system, it is understood that a camera feed can have many alternate locations or platforms and those discussed within are not limited but merely exemplary. It is understood that any camera feed may provide the second visualization rendering. [0050] In some embodiments, the received transmission rendering ma be overlaid upon the renderin from the camera feed. For example, a frontal, view from a camera pointed at a transmitting tower may show a tower. Overlaid upon the tower may be a graphical representation of th sig al received from the tower, in an alternate exemplary embodiment... the camera feed may b a top view of an area, such as from . an aircraft, or a satellite, in this embodiment, the visualisation tool would render the graphic representation of the received signal from the tower upon the top down, or map view, from the c mera feed.

[0051 } In some embodiments, a large area may be. displayed ' from a camera feed. In further embodiments, the large area rendered on the display may remain static, for example, in an accurate compass position relative to the user of the device. In further embodiments, the static visualization from the camera feed may- emain, stationary on the screen while a user turns the device. In this embodiment, as the user turns the device, the received signal or transmission visualization would appear rendered overlaid on the camera feed for areas of the location shown by the camera feed for which the device is pointed,

[0052] In further embodiments a visualization tool may display a constant map view of an area with the received transmissions rendered throughout the entire map view. In a further embodiment such as this, zoom and map functions may allow the user to focus in on a specific area where the display would only show that specific area and the actual transmissions received for that area,

[0053] In another exemplary embodiment, the second visualization may he a predicted transmission source as mentioned above, hi this embodiment, Che visualization tool would render the actual received transmissions as graphic representations upon graphic representations of the predictive transmissions based on the databases. In this embodiment, signals may be detected and rendered graphically by the visualization tool, in places where the database does not list a transmission ' source. Through this ■representation,, a oser ma defect and pinpoint, unknown or anrecorded transmission sources as distinguished from known sources. This may allow a soldier in the field, or team, of soldiers equipped with one or multiple devices, to locate adversary signal transmissions and the sources transmitting the signals: as being distinct from presumably benign signal sources. In a preferred embodiment, the graphical representation of the received signals would be different from the graphical representation of the predicted, signals. For example, for a received signal, propagating lines form the location may be thick solid line and the propagating line from the predicted source may be dashed, thinner lines. In some embodiments, certain representations may be distinguished b levels of transparency on the display.

[0054] In still yet further exemplary embodiments, a third visualization may be applied. For example, the first visualization may be the actual received transmissions from the devices antenna. The second visualization may be. the rendering of the predicted transmission based. -on the databases or other information. The third visualization may be from a camera feed. In this embodiment, ail three visualization may be rendered simultaneously to display a live view from a camera of an area with the predicted and received signals represented graphically over the view from the camera.

[0055] hi an alternate exemplary embodiment, the third visualization may be a map. in another embodiment, the third visualization may be a virtual representation of a city, building or cluster of -structures. In another ' exemplar embodiment, the third visualization may be from a feed from a. forward looking infrared (FUR) sensor. In some embodiments, any number of valuable feeds may be overlaid by the visualization tool to provide the user with a comprehensive view of the area in front of the device, which could include, visible light, infrared red, radio frequency, acoustics, motion sensors, and any other sensory perception feed thai the user may desire.

[0056] With reference now to Figures 1 -6, an embodiment of a hardened portable device for · analyzing spectrum from a targeted source according to the present disclosure s shown. The embodiment illustrated is a portable device 1. tor analyzing spectrum, from one or more signal sources. The device 1 may comprise a shock resistant frame 4, which may conveniently be made of hollow tubes 5 formed of a durable material such as, but not limited to, military grade PVC pipes which offer strength, durability, light, weight, and RF signal permeability. Those skilled in the art will also recognize thai alternate embodiments of a shock resistant frame (not illustrated) may conveniently be in the form of a fully enclosing case (not illustrated), or a case with openings for a primary processor, a pay!oad module, or both (not illustrated). Preferably, the frame will be of sufficient thicknesses and materials (preferably plastics) to provide shock resistance capable of withstanding a fell from at least one foot and preferably from at least six feet..

£0Θ5? I Such a shock-resistant frame (whether ' fully enclosing or with openings) may be made utilizing injection molding (injecting liquid plastic into a complex, shaped mold) or thermof rming (melting sheets of plastic over a shaped mold) in which two halves of the frame shape are fabricated and joined by a hinge or other connecting system such that a complex hollow tubular interior is created when the two halve are joined. One such embodiment {not illustrated) could have a very similar shape overall to the previously described frame manufactured from PVC tube, wit two openings. i«. the front and rear that could accommodate interchangeable primary processor and payload modules exposed to the elements in the same manner as. shown in the figure. An alternate embodiment of a frame fabricated from injection molding or ihermoforming (not illustrated) may also be shaped in such a way to create unique multi-chambered hollow tubular spaces, that cannot be fabricated utilizing simple cylindrical tubes, which could, hav more than, two sections that join togethe into one final frame assembly and can accommodate placing the interchangeable processors and pay.leads inside the frame i such a manner as to provide: additional protection from the elements or other benefits such as reduced weight and size, but still allow them to be accessed, upgraded or replaced from the outside.

0058} in this same manner, an alternate embodiment of a shock-resistant frame (not illustrated) can be built by injection molding or thermoforming to have internal tubular- shaped hollow spaces to accommodate additional user or mission changeable components such as, but not limited to, antennas, digital storage media and/or power-supplies. As such components can be within hollow tubes 5 in frame 4 as illustrated, such components can also be within tubular spaces formed within a. therrnoformed or injection-molded, case. For the purposes of this disclosure, it will be understood that "tube" or "tubular" is intended to encompass any shape that provides a hollow interior, regardless of whether the interior shape or exterior shape are round, rectangular, triangular, or irregular, it will also be. understood that a reference to a component being mounted "on" a frame, "to" a frame,, or "onto" a frame may refer to components mounted on the exterior of the frame or on the interior of " the frame, within, the h llow interior, or .molded/into the frame itself.

[0O$9]Those skilled in. the art will recognize that the an embodiment of an injection molded frame thai is fabricated from liquid plastic, could also contain numerous additional components thai could be built into the material of the frame- assembly such as, but not limited to, heat-mitigation systems like heat-pipes and heat sink plates, wiring harnesses, and/or other types of physical systems like impact protection and electrical connecting hardware. Such an em odiment of an injection-molded frame could optionally enclose one or more .antennas or other device ^components and have an overall, exterior shape that allows it to be held and deployed in ah easier fashion, including by incorporating such elements as ergonomical!y shaped or . positioned hand grips, shoulder stock and/or QUI interfaces into ' the .frame,

[0060]The device 1 ma further comprise a directional antenna 8, which may also be referred to as an antenna array where multiple antenna elements are included in a single component and may be adapted to detect a predetermined range of the spectrum. It will be understood that, herein, the term "adapted" will mean dimensioned, shaped, configured and/or programmed. Accordingly, directional antenna 8 may be dimensioned, shaped, configured, and/or programmed to- detect, a predetermined range of spectrum.

[0061] In -some embodiments, directional antenna 22 may conveniently be i the form of an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas, possibly of different lengths, deployed in different sections. Device 1 may further comprise a second antenna 22 mounted on frame 4. The second antenna may be adapted to detect a second predetermined range of the - ' spectrum. In. a preferred exemplary embodiment, the second antenna may be an omnidirectional antenna or a array of ommdireetional antennas. 10062] In. other embodiments, an. internal: antenna (not illustrated) may be deployed within hollow tubes 5 or otherwis within an injection-molded- or thermoformed frame (not i! kiStrated). One emb dime t of such an internal antenna (not. illustrated) would be an antenna array in the form of a plurality of wires in different lengths, with a switching module capable of switching between such wires, thereby providing an internal array capable of detecting signals in a range of spectrum; by switching (and. in some cases very rapidly switching) between antenna wires of different lengths. Internal antennas as described ma be directional or omnidirectional

[0063] The abilit of device 1 to detect broader ranges of signals is enhanced by the use of multiple antennas, each optimized ' for a particular portion of the spectrum..

9 ' 064j The device 1 may further comprise a primary processor 9 mounted on the frame 4. The primary processor 9 may be adapted to receive data directly from any one or more antennas or from payload module 12. Payload module 12 may conveniently operably connect to directional antenna 8 and/or an optional omnidirectional antenna 22 and/or an internal antenna {not illustrated) and/or other antennas (not illustrated). Device 1 may further comprise a removable data storage unit. 11 that may be operativeiy connected to the primary processor 9 and may be further adapted to stor data daring operation or for later analysis.

[0065] As is discussed above, the device I may farther comprise a payload module .12 mounted on the frame 4 that may be adapted to communicate with the primary processor 9. The payload module 1.2 .ma comprise computer readable instructions to be executed by a pay-load processor (not illustrated) operably connected to specialized signal processing- components (not Illustrated}, or may comprise- -configurable processing means such, as one or more PPGAs (not shown) and/or one of more purpose-built hardware- devices (not shown) such as radio or signal processors. Where an FPGA is used, it may be an FPGA adapted to be configured to act as a software-defined radio. Primary processor 9 may be adapted to generate one or more sets of instructions to cause the FPGA to be configured as one of a pluralit of software-defined radios or to execute programs that analyze a . subset (portion) of spectrum data. The payload modul 1.2 as illustrated i modular and adapted to be unmounted from the frame 4. A second similarly s zed payload module (not shown) may then be mounted on the frame 4 and may he adapted to communicate with the primary processor 9 in order to generate one or more programs that analyze a second set of spectrum data or to provide a second set of pay-load, module capabilities. This configuration allows for multiple specialized payload modules 12 to be used with device 1, thereby allowing device ! to he configured with specialized signal processing or radio capabilities depending on mission parameters,

f 0066|The device 1 may further comprise a screen 15 to serve as an I/O device, mounted on the .frame 4. The screen 15 may he adapted to receive video output from the primary processor 9. The video output of a program may be displayed on the screen 15. Where the screen 15 is a touch screen, input from a user may be received through screen 15. Alternatively, a keyboard (not shown) I/O device or other I/O device (not illustrated) in operational connection with primary processor 9 may lie utilized by the user to provide data to primary processor 9 and/or communicate data from primary processor 9, [0β67] The device 1 may further comprise a portable power unit 17 (shown in Fig, 6) that may be adapted t supply power to the pay load module 12 arid the primary processor 9. As is noted above, such connection may be direct or indirect. While power unit 17 may conveniently be a rechargeable lithium-km battery pack or a -fuel cell, a nom ■reehargeabte battery may. also he used. Configuring power unit 17 to be belt mounted can make the devic 1. more convenient to carry and use, and provide improved balance.

[0068] As further shown in Figs. 1-6, in accordance with certain embodiments, the device 1 may further comprise a n ck strap 18 that may he adapted to be worn by a user of the device 1. The neck strap 18 may be further adapted to support, the device 1. The device I may further .comprise a belt 19 adapted to be worn by a user of the device 1 and may be further adapted to support power unit 17, which may be electrically connected to at leas primary processor 9.

! 0(169] in some embodiments, the screen 15 may be a touchscreen adapted to interface with a program residing in non-transitory computer-readable memory (not shown) within or operably connected to primary processor 9, The device I may further comprise a touchpad 20 mounted on the frame 4, The touchpad 20, another example of an I/O device, may he operatively connected to. the primary processor 9. The touchpad 20 may be further adapted to interface with a program stored in non-transitory compute readable memory (not shown) within or operably connected, to primary processor 9. The device ί may further comprise a keyboard (not shown, and another example of an I/O device) which may be separate or mounted on the frame 4 and operatively connected to the primar processor 9. The keyboard may also he adapted to interface with a program. I certain embodi nts, the keyboard and other I/O devices may be operativel connected to the primary processor 9 wireiessl (e.g. via Bluetooth technology) or by electrical connection (wired).

[0070] The directional antenna 8 is operabiy connected to primary processor 9 in. addition to, or instead of, payload module 12 and may be adapted to transmit signals to a target. The transmitted signal may optionally he disruptive to the operation of the target or may optionally be intended to communicate with it. It will thus be- understood that the modular characteristic of device- 1 allows for the use of multiple a tennas of different configurations. Where special processing (such as the creation and use of software- defined or hardware radios or use of signal processing software) are needed, such antennas .may be connected to payload -modul 12. Where processing needs are within the capabilities of primary processor 9, such antennas can be connected directly to primary processor 9. Thus, with multiple antennas, some or all may be connected to either primary processor or payload module .12 depending o the needs of the mission.

[0071 ] The device 1 may further comprise an omnidirectional antenna (not shown), which in some embodiments may be an information-exchange antenna adapted to transmit data which may optionally include GPS data and spectrum data between the primary processor 9 and a network (not illustrated). The network may be adapted to communicate the OPS data and the spectrum data, to a remote processing facility, which ma be, without limitation, a battlefield or regional operations post, or a remote processing facility in a remote intelligence center such, a the National Security Agency. The remote processing facility may be adapted to process the GPS data and the spectrum data. The mformation-exehange antenna may be a satellite antenna. In addition, the information-exchange antenna may be removable and may connect via a USB connection The information exchange- a t na, may also be used to transmit other .i formation from the user of the device that is provided to the device through an I/O device,

[01 72] in some embodiments, the network m y he adapted for the transmission of GPS data and spectrum data from a plurality of devices I , The remote processing facility may be adapted to process the GPS data and the spectrum data of the plurality of devices.

[0073] Referring to Figure 1.1, a system comprising multiple devices and networks is illustrated in schematic form., Field deployed devices 200 Ί may each be device 1, previously described, carried by a soldier. Field deployed devices 2001. may communicate vi first .network - 2002, preferabl a secure wireless battlefield network, through omnidirectional antennas on device- 1. Field deployed devices 2001 may further communicate via. optional satellite antennas on. device 1, to satellite 2030, on a second wireless network 2003, which i also preferably secure battlefield network. Field command center 2010 may be a field command station, mobile signal processing operation, or even an aircraft within RF range configured to communicate on second network 2003. Central processing center 2020 is a remote processing center, such as a national intelligence agency facility also configured to conimunicate on second network 2003. Certain of field deployed, devices 2001 may be within radio range of field, command center 2010 and may communicate directly with field command center 2010 via a third network 2004, also preferably a secure, wireless battlefield network.

[0074] As can be seen in Fig. 11, field deployed devices 2001 may communicate on one or more of first network 2002, second network 2003 or third network 2004, depending on their location and capabilities. The result is a combined ' communications network that is fault-tolerant should a given field deployed device 2001 be unable to communicate with one or mare of first network 2(M)2, second network. 2003, or third network 2004 (assuming it can connect to at least one). In such case such .field leployed device would still be in communication (and possibly full communication depending o network bandwidth availability) with ail other network participants. The ability to share data in this way may lie advantageous a it allows for analysis of combined data (e.g. for triangulation or enhanced signal processing of multiple signal sources or a single signal source .from multiple locations) by any network participant, depending on the computing: and bandwidth capabilities of that participant. The result Is a fault-tolerant, highly flexible spectrum analysis, communication and/or attack system comprising multiple device 1 and a plurality of wireless networks 2002, 2003, 2004,

[01)75] Referring again to Figs. 1 -6, the device 1 may further comprise one or more haptlc vibration units 29, which can be floating on wires connected to primary processor 9 or mounted on the frame 4 and adapted to transmit vibration data from the primary processor 9 to a user for the purposes described above. The device 1 may further comprise an Ethernet pott (not shown) adapted to transmit data, including but not limited to spectrum data, between the primary processor 9 and a network (not shown). The device I may further comprise a wireless network interface (not shown) or a. cellular network interface ' (not shown), also connected to primary processor 9 and also capable of transmitting data on network (not shown).

[0076] The benefit of the various applications and functionalities for the device 1 be realized by the assortment of payload modules 12 which may be used by virtue of the modular nature, of devic 1. Payload modules 12 may include .embodiments that, include certain software-defined radios (SDR), hardware radios, and/or hardware and- software programs adapted for signal processing, encryption, decryption and analysis. For example, a spectrum analyzer and direction findin system may be included which may comprise a high speed USB interfaced DSP spectrum analyzer ( 1 MHz to 9,4 GHz); internal DSP hardware added for frequency range increase (9 kHz to 9,4 GHz),; internal integrated low noise pre amp circuitry; internal integrated high precision time-base circuitry; internal integrated 10 GHz real-time peak power-meter circuitry; and internal Integrated audio signal tracker circuitry to drive a headphone jack and/or haptk vibrators (which may be connected directly to payload module 12, or to primary processor 9). A Wi-Fi and ceil phone capture and injection attack system may be included which may comprise Wi-Fi injection hardware for an optimized USB~based capture and injectio device that delivers- complete visibility int 802,11 a/b g/n wireless networks- and LTE and GSM injection hardware for an optimized USB-based capture and injectio device that delivers complete visibility into LTE and GSM wireless cellular networks. Those of skill in the art will recognize such devices and will readily understand how any such device, or other radio and signal processing device, could be adapted to be included in a payload module 12.

[01)77] The primary processor 9 on device 1 may also include, customized spectrum analyzer software with integrated power meter, which may be Microsoft Windows-based or adapted to operate on another operating system such as a custom Linux kernel. Use of standard operating systems and the modular nature of device 1 improve flexibility by allowing access to a greater variety of software than would be available for a closed architecture software system, or a less modular embedded device. The- software may provide/generai /enable/siippoit the following: high-resolution spectrum display of Clear Write, AVG, Mm Max, Shadow, Peak, RMS etc.; provider display with variety of pre- stored providers and editor for creating custom providers; marker function with unlimited number of " markers (M , MAX, AVG, Delta, OBW, etc ; support custom skins and. styles, complete surface free -customizable; intuitive operation (drag and drop, zoom, short-keys etc.); support for unlimited number of graphics (spectrum, waterfall, histogram, etc.); multi window support and windo sizes freely adjustable. Software support for multiple resolutions (e en 4K. monitors); creation of "pseudo" analyzers measuring various signals with different scanning parameters and frequency ranges (e.g. GSM, WLAN and Tetra); storage; of each measurement and personal sessions; replay function, recorded measurements can be replaved in full length; print function, direct print-out (also as pdt) of the results / graph; no limitation of the recording size (besides size of S-SD); supports a multitude of pre-saved limits (e.g. EN5501 1 , EN55022, ICKIRP), displayable as graph or bar chart; average values, maximum values, period for Mas, AVG calculation etc, freely adjostable; limit Editor to store and edit custom or user defined limits; trigger function, free programming of alarms or messages for exceeding pre-saved limits; Image suppression mode, suppression of ambient interferers (e.g. GSM, 3G, Radio) to perform EMC measurements withou an EMC chamber; statistical view of frequently measured results within a Sweep area; perfect for klentification and characterization of sporadic signals, no results get lost; measurement data in form of a "he t map" in the frequenc (X-axis) and time-plane (Y-axis); better analysis of time- based signals, perfect for long-term measurement; ongoing storage and scrolling of the Waterfall; built-in power meter allows for th .measurement of the radiated power within a frequency range / channel bandwidth, which is useful for analyzing WLAN, 30, LTE or Zi Bee Channels; built-in Day log function allows tor a graphical trend carve of the peak values over the entire measurement period, which is useful for measuring systems with time- varying power; powerful and convenient undo / redo function with complete- change history; built-in calibration function for storage of custom antenna and pre-amp data; and, basic demodulation function (AM/FM/PM),

[0078] Certain embodiments of primary processor 9 may include non-volatile computer- readable memory containing applications that enable functionalities for the device 1 which may be restricted to military or law enforcement use in the United States, including the following; Wi-Fi sniffer software thai detects and identifies SSID and users which ma have full capture and injectio capabilities; LTE and GS sniffer software tha detects and identifies SSID and users which may have full capture and injection capabilities; and, cognitive eyher-attack. software having specialized software packages which deliver complete access into modern PC operating systems.

[0079] in some embodiments, the directional antenna 8 may comprise a hypersensitive log periodic antenna with range from 400 MHz up to 25 GHz, a 15 iB pre-ampHfter, and waterproof housing. A second omnidirectional antenna may be optional in accordance with certain embodiments, and it. may comprise a separate magnetic helical coil antenna (not illustrated) with range from kHz to 400 MHz. Alternatively, the second antenna (not illustrated) may comprise an internal frame antenna (as described above) preferably with range from 9 kHz to 400 MHz.

[0080] GPS data may he generated by a GPS component (no shown), which ma include a built-in micr SD card reader for loading mission specific satellite- maps, and which may be operably connected to primary processor 9. The GPS component may correlate data from, direction .finding into radio frequency heat maps. The GPS component may have log/store the GPS data on a micro SD card. The GPS component may include anti-spoof software, waterproof housing and a built-in backup battery. Data from the GPS component may be displayed on display 15 through primary processor 9, or via a dedicated display (not illustrated).

f 0081 j In some embodiments, the device 1 may further include a sensor bundle (not illustrated), which, may include any of the following components: an ambient light sensor; an UV index sensor; a gamma detector; a thermometer; a relative humidity: sensor; a noise level detection circuit; a digital output barometer; a gyroscope; a 3D magnetometer and digital compass: a 3D accelerometer and tilt meter; a three-axis magnetic field sensor; a liquid petroleum gas detector; a carton monoxide detector; a ozone detector; and a nitrogen dioxide detector. All such sensors may be operably connected to primary processor 9 and may collect data that can be recorded, analyzed, or transmitted as described herein, The ability to collect data from a plurality of sensors enables a range of capabilities that can enhance geolocation capabilities, signal processing capabilities, and improve battlefield awareness.

[01)82] Additional benefits for some embodiment may include certai aspects of the CPU, monitor and pay!oad module enclosure- for primary processor 9, In an embodiment, primary processor 9 m include a raggedized and waterproof Intel 5th Generation BroadweH i5-5250U workstation personnel computer (PC), an Intel 64~b.it Core i5 2.7GHz (turbo mode) dual primary processor CPU, a heat pipe passive vertical CPU cooling system Integrated into a finned outside enclosure, a HD61GG graphics card, VGA ami HDM! Ports, a 128 GB solid state drive, 8 GB DDR3 memory, 5 USB ports (4 USB 2.0 and 1 USB 3.0), 10/100/1000 Gigabit LAN, 6-34 VDC in ut, an. intelligen power unit set to UPS mode with custom shutdown voltage, a Windows 7 professional 64- bit operating system, and an IP67 rated 18 pin waterproof connector to attac to display 15. External, waterproof cabling connecting primary processor 9 and payload module 12 and/or display 1.5, may comprise .1 x 18 inch single ended USB cable terminated in mini USS connector, twelve inch doubled ended USB cable to connect to waterproof payload module 12 enclosure, and a twelve inch double ended DC power cable to connect to waterproof payload module 12 enclosure from power unit 1.7 or primary processor 9. Ex tra waterproof cabling may include 2 x 2 meter single end USB 2.0 cables, 1 x 2 meter single ended LAN cable, and 1 x 2 meter single ended HDM1 cable,

[01)83] A rugge ked and waterproof 8 " LCD monitor having touchscreen 15 may include 600 NIT LED backlighting, sunlight readable with anti-re.flect.ive enhancements, lightweight waterproof aluminum/plastic enclosure, 640 x 480 to 1280 x 1024 (native 800 x 600), VGA input, 6-34 VDC, VESA mount holes on rear of monitor enclosure for attaching to the frame, high density projective capacitive glass touch screen, and 12 inch waterproof cable with VGA, USB and DC power to connect to the enclosure of primary processor 9.

£ΘΘ84] A ruggedked and waterproof enclosure for the payload module 12, in accordance with certain embodiments, may include a waterproof enclosure with flat side plates and internal .mounting plates (not illustrated) to hold radio cards, cables and connectors included for connection to a CPU enclosure, waterproof on/off switch with integrated LED, waterproof DC input connector for attachment to the CPU, waterproof USB connector for attachment to CPU and external sensors (described above), waterproof receiving antenna connector for attachment to multiple antennas, waterproof transmission antenna, connector for attachment to multiple antennas, waterproof multi-connector output for attachment to the haptie vibration system, waterproof audio output connector for headphones or haptie- audi sensors, waterproof DC output to .drive external pre-amp and external sensor options, and DC-! 8GHz SMA 12V SPDT RF microwave coaxial switch with a waterproof button. Device .1 may further include an ergo touchpad 20 and a 2.4 GHz wireless mini keyboard 21 with multi-touch capabilitie as I/O devices.

[0085] In an embodiment, the device I may include frame 4 and mounting hardware comprising: ten ieet of black UV resistant industrial vinyl tube (hollow tubes 5); eight black UV resistant industrial vinyl elbows; two black UV resistant .industrial vinyl tees; two black UV resistant industrial vinyl crosses; four Picatinny rail scope adapters for monitor mounts; two Dayton Audio " 22 x .14 mm bone conducting transducer for haptie vibrators 55; and, corresponding metric nuts, screws and washers.

[0086] in accordance with certain embodiments, the power and RF connectors for the device 1 may include the following: three 2-pin .15 A ΪΡ68 waterproof electric screw connector plug sockets; a SMA female to jack nut panel mount o-ring waterproof connector F F; an ' USB mini B male to USB A female for G PS cable; a 6" SMA male to SMA right angle male plug jumper pigtail cable- RG31.6; 5590/2590 battery pouch; a BB-2590/5590 watertight cap and cable; a BA.-5590 non-rechargeable battery ( 15V/30V) 17; and, a 12V 5 A custom AC adapter.

[0087] The device I may include shielding on primary processor 9 and/or payload module 12 {which may conveniently be integrated into their respective enclosures) and/or any of a plurality of .antennas, which shielding may -optionally be adapted to resist " an EMP or similar, interfering signal.. Such enclosures may also conveniently include waterproofing and be hardened to sustain a drop onto a hard surface from at least four feet. Accordingly, the following may be utiliz d : an ABS Shield around a primary LogPer antenna; two- ABS straps for the primary processor 9; four ABS straps for the pay load module 12; an ABS monitor bracket for the screen 15; an ABS center support bracket; an ABS ergo touchpad 20 bracket; 280 grams of black silicon rubber compound for bumpers and haptic covers; a waterproof 3.5 mm stereo panel mount jack; four sponge, neoprene rubber with adhesive - 1/2" thick x 6" long x 2" wide; a sponge neoprene rubber with adhesive - 1/8" thick x 10" long x 8" wide; one or tw 5-gram " pack of tfesiccant for the enclosure of the pay load module 12; and, a. thermal compound for enelo sure of the payload module 12.

[0088] In certain embodiments, the following -components may also be utilized for power unit 17: a BB-2590 large rechargeable battery; a BB-25 0 small battery charger having more than ten hours recharge; a BB-2590 pass-thru charger 12/24 V output with S BUS having less than four-hours recharge; a 12V 1.8A AC adapter for pass-thru charger with SAB connector; , a . Pelican Case with customized paddin inserts, water- resistant bone conducting headphones: a Jenny 600 - 25W Fuel Cell b SFC; Ultraceil XX55 - SOW Fuel Cell by BreirtronJcs; a large conformal battery by Palladium; and, a small conformal battery by Palladium.

[0089] In some embodiments, the primary processor 9 may be upgraded. The device 1 may include the any of the following: an Intel 5th Generation Broadwell Core i7-5557U 3.2GHz (turbo mode) quad primary processor GPU; a 256 (IB solid state drive; 512 GB solid state drive; 16 GB DDR3 memory, Dual HDMI ports; two to four video capture channels; a 10 Gbs. bidirectional Thunderbolt Port; wireless n/g/h LAN; Bluetooth; GPS; HD audio; USB imaging flash drive kit; and .multiple serial ports such RS232, RS422, or RS485.

0 .903 The SDR and software may also be upgraded to include a 6 GHz real-time spectrum analyzer and direction finding system, including: a high speed USB interfaced DSP spectrum analyzer (1 Hz*/9 kHz - 6 GHz); 40 MHz real-time bandwidth; 32 MByte video RAM; 128 MB SDRAM; 400 MHz Deal Core Blaekfk DSP; 250 MSPS 14 Bit Dual (2 x 125 MSPS I/Q) ADC; 600 MSPS 1.6-Bit DAC; 72 K ECP3 FPGA; and, 15 dB internal low noise preamplifier. An embodiment of ayload module 1:2 ma comprise a 12 GHz real- lime spectrum analyzer and direction finding system may be utilized, including; a high speed USB interfaced DSP spectrum analyzer ( 1 Hz^ kHz - 12 GHz); 80MHz real-time bandwidth (optionai. 160/320 MHz); 64 MByte video RAM; 256 MB SDRAM; 60 MHz Dual Core Bkiekfin DSP; 500 MSPS 14-Bit Dual (2 x .125 MSPS l/Q) ADC; 800 MSPS 16Bit DAC; 240 K ECP3 FPGA; and a 15 dB internal low noise preamplifier. A 1 GHz. real-time spectrum, analyzer and direction finding system may be utilized, including; a high speed USB interfaced DSP spectrum analyzer (1 Hz/9 kHz -- 16 GHz); 80 MHz real-time bandwidth (optional 160/320 MHz); 64 MByte video RAM; 256 MB SDRAM:; 600 MHz dual core Biaektm DSP; 500 MSPS 14 Bit Dual (2 x 125 MSPS l/Q) ADC; 800 MSPS 16-Bit DAC; 240 K EC.P3 FPGA; and, a 15 dB internal low noise preamplifier. A 25 GHz real-time spectrum analyzer and direction finding system may be utilized, including: a high speed USB interfaced DSP spectrum analyzer (1 Hz*/9kHz - 25 GHz); 80 MHz real-time bandwidth (optional. 160 320 MHz}; 64 MByte video RAM; 256 MB SDRAM; 600 MHz Dual Core Blaekiin DSP; 500 MSPS 14-Bit Dual (2 x 125 MSPS 1/Q) ADC; 800 MSPS 16~Bit DAC; 240 ECP3 FPGA; and, a L dB internal tow noise preamplifier. The following- m also be utilized: low frequency and resolution extension 1 Hz - 40 MHz (Deal 16-Bit 105 ' s s ADC); 6 GHz tracking and IQ~ generator; internal integrated Ultra low phase noise pre mp circuitry; and, internal integrated high precision OCXO time base circuitry,

[0091] Additional benefits of the device 1 may be realized by the upgraded SDR equipment and software for certain Hiaser real-time spectrum analyzers: incorporated into pay toad module 12. This may include certain extremely low noise signal processing (- 170 dBhVH ' z) by eliminating noisy components in the RF path, and the analysis of even highest frequencies up to 25 GHz which may be achieved by the elimination of upper lying local oscillator (LO) frequencies. The device 1 may include real-time spectrum analysis by using polyphase filter technology. Typical real-time analyzers may be based on a Fourier analysis (performed either within payioad module 12 or by primary processor 9), but the device 1 may use a receiving method with two staggered combs which may be produced by a. polyphase filter. Unlike a Fourier analysis, polyphase filterin may cover more than one interval of sampling points based on the number of frequency points. This may allow for any filter, such as a real Gauss filter, to be used, without limitation of the slope, due to a predetermined interval. To avoid gaps in the frequency/time diagram, two spatially (and temporal) staggered filter combs may be used in the analysis computations. This technology may allow for the finding of even the smallest and weakest target signals, The device 1 may also include real-time streaming iirnctionality implemented on primary ' processor 9 or in payioad module 1.2. Contrary to existing real-time spectrum analyzers which may not allow ' uninterrupted data logging, the device 1. may stream data continuously and may save the data gap-free en the CPU via the high-speed USB interface. Such real-time streaming may offer a variety of aew applications, many of which were previously inconceivable from a handheld, field, deployable device. These may include the recording, and repeated playing of any signal or a subsequent, and the complete decoding of complete recorded digital signals like GSM, TET A, etc.

[0092] In -accordance with certain embodiments * payioad module; 12 or primary processor 9 of device .1. may perform an δ ultra-fast DOS sweep. A fast "classical" spectrum analyzer mode may foe offered by means of the 8 ultra-fast DOS sweep mode, in addition to LO- odulation, the device I may have a DDS-synthesizer available with up to 800 MSPS l/Q for extremely fast frequency hops of the local oscillator. This technology may allow sophisticated measuring programs over the full frequency range, which is currently up to 25 GHz, An advantage of such embodiments includes a device 1 having an accelerated sweep rate far faster than any other currently available spectrum analyzers on the market.

[00 33 In some embodiments,, an expandable frequency range dow to 1 Hz may be realized as a. benefit. Payioad module 12 may be fitted with a hardware frequency extension down to 1 Hz such that the input signal may be internally diverted to a second RF path which is optimized for low frequency processing. The low frequency path may offer a frequency range from 1 Hz up to 40 MHz. This path may use a high-performance 16-Bit AD converter with 105 MSPS. This resolution enhancement from 14-Bit to 16-Bit improves the dynamic range from 80 dB (14-Bit) to 100 dB (16-Bit). This path Is a fully capable real-time function controllable by μ$ DDS sweep. The low frequency path

( I Hz - 40 MHz / 16-Bit) and the radio frequency path (9 kHz - 25 GHz / 14-Bit) may be seamless and transparent to an user, except for the extreme improvement in the dynamic range,

0 .943 In some embodiments, payloa module 12 of device 1 .may include an interchangeable RF front-end. The complete front-end of the device 1 , which include a custom AD/DAs, may be interc angeable and may be replaced at any time with the latest technology. The front-end interface ma be open source and allow users: to customize the front-end for their own development applications. Open source customization ma allow for new applications to be developed by end-users for specific mission profiles,

[0095] The software and hardware of the device L m accordance with certain embodiments, may have signal processing powered by an. ECP3 PPGA, or Viriex~7 XMC equivalent or better, which may also include a vector primary processor for statistical analysis and demodulation. Together with the powerful Dual Core Blackfin DSP-CPU, and driven by the workstation- level on board CPU, the device 1 may capture, analyze and track even the most complex signals. Within the analogue process, the signal may be sampled by a real 14-Bit AID converter with up to 500 MSPS (250 MSPS I/Q) data rate. This process may have dynamic range of 80 clB An optional 16-Bit A/D converter with 100 d.B dynamic range (I Hz - 40 MHz) may be added. The device 1 ma be controlled either by the unit's touch screen .15, by a wired multifunctional touchpad 20, or via custom-hotkeys on an wireless keyboard/controller (not shown). An optional tracking generator may allow for the analysis of others networks such as cable and direct antenna measurements. The integrated waterproof GPS-recei^er, along with the gyro sensor and digital compass, may detect the exact position and orientation of the device 1 at any time. The: de vice 1 may also log the : location of the measurement and can store weeks of data on a micro SD card. The on board sensors, together with the integrated GPS and dat logger, may enable a complete- and seamless recording of field measurements and the ..automatic generation of an R.F heat map, which may be superimposed onto user supplied satellite maps. This may allow for the 3D visualisation of target signals across the actual terrain where the signals were detec ted.

[0096] In certain embodiments, multiple pay load module option combination may be implemented -on a device 1 depending on mission and available pay load module. Pay load module: options may b : reconfignrable and upgradeable, Payload .module options ma include the following: Broad range EMS (Electromagnetic Spectrum) capture and analysis system, for standoff detection and analysi of entire EM speetro.ro (currently from I Hz to 25 GHz, but it will get greater over time); Direction findin and geo- !ocation system, for standoff detection and tracking of target transmissions in the EM spectrum; High-speed wireless mesh battlefield communication network system, for sending spectrum SA data into the JEMSO cloud and for creating a self-forming, self- healing, field distributed spectrum sensor system; Cognitive 1SR (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance) radio transceiver system, for accessing, decrypting, emulating and listening to known radio communication systems; Cognitive TCP IP penetration, capture and injection system, for the automated assault of specific internet, web or cyber systems; WiFi penetration, capture and injection system, for nearby but standoff direct wireless access of WiFi networks, for instance; LIB (4th generation cell phone) penetration, capture and injection system, for nearby but standoff direct wireless access of 4th generation cell phones and networks, for instance; Smartphone penetration, capture; and injection system, tor nearby but standoff direct wireless access of iOS and Android devices, for instance; GSM (2nd and 3rd generation cell phone) penetration, capture and injection system, for nearby but standoff direct wireless access of 2nd and. 3rd generation cell phones and networks, for instance; Satellite phone penetration, capture and injection system, for nearby but standoff direct wireless access of satellite phones and networks, for instance; Wi ax penetration, capture and injection system, for standoff wireless access to WiMax networks; Gigabit LAN and hardline telephone penetration, capture and injection system, for onsite or hardline access of target LANs and traditional land line phone networks; KBG (Nuclear) - Gamma radiation and nuclear material detection system, for computerized geiger counter arid radiation meter; NBC (Chemical) - Toxic chemical and hydrocarbon sensor system, for detection of known toxic chemicals and hydrocarbons; NBC (Biological) - Organic and biological material sensor system, for detecting known and newly discovered biological agents and organic toxins; Standoff ground penetrating radar system, for detecting underground !EDs or mines and disturbed earth, for instance; Electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor system, for detecting metallic and low metallic buried explosives, for instance; Infrared, thermal night, vision and ambient starlight, imaging system, such as a computerized FLIR system; Terahertz wave radar imaging system, for detection, of trace amoimts of explosi ves, gas leaks, chemicals and nuclear material and for imaging through clothes and walls; Millimeter wave radar imaging system, for standoff imaging through clothes and walls; Backscatter X-ray imaging system, for standoff imaging through clothes and walls; Beam- formed, point-to-point, frequency-hopping, high-speed communication system, for creating an ad-hoc. point-to-point, network for secure communication between Phaser devices which are miles apart; Short range, directional, defensive and offensive EM jamming system, for jamming EDs and disrupting enemy spectrum operations; Thermal pulse radar motion detector and perimeter defense system, for delecting hidden rooms, seeing through wails, aerial drone detection and for detecting heat and movement at a distance; Ambient Video reconnaissance and cognitive environmental threat detection system, which may include 1080P HD video and programmable cognitive facial recognition; Ambient Audio reconnaissance and cognitive environmental threat analysis system, which may include multiple microphones that may be programmed for any 3-D audio function such as cognitive audio recognition, voice stress: analysis, safecracking, gun shot or audio triangulat km, active audible caneeUat cm, etc.; Laser range- finding, targeting and identification system, lor airsirike guidance; Satellite communication detection, interception and jamming system, which may he based on ability to transmit and receive in the 8 GHz to 25 GHz range; Infrared Laser illumination system, for enhancing night vision capabilities; Video surveillance spectral defeat system, which include a system of flashing lights to defeat facial recognition and video surveillance cameras; Finger and palm print scanner and cognitive identification system, for device security and field identification of known targets; Iris scanner and cognitive identification system, for device security and field identification of known, targets; Laser scanning 3-D modeling system, for creating accurate 3-D models of real geographic locations, physical structures, ' buildings and rooms (both inside and out) and even whole people, faces or objects down to millimeter level accuracy; Holographic projection system, for displaying three-dimensional holographic images; Night vision, defeat system, for attacking enemy night vision capabilities; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance scanner, for small scale, close range, MR! * Thermal and photo spectroscopy scanner, for field identification of chemical, organic and biological samples; Laser-guided putee-pmnped directed energy system, which may use graphene- base super-capacitors for accurate delivery of concentrated static pulse charge to electrically destroy computers, electronic communication systems, drones and hard targets; Self-destruct system, for preventing the device from failing into enemy hands; and. Counter-intelligence covert tracking system, for allowing the device to MI into enemy hands for tracking purposes,

[0097] In certain embodiments, the frame 4 of device 1 may comprise a main chassis containing a built-in switchabie first antenna array. The frame- 4 may include ambidextrous hand grips 33. The frame 4, and components mounted upon it, may be covered in padded camouflage, The chassis of the frame 4 may comprise hardened polyvinyl and may include shoulder strap mounts and Picatmny rails on -front bars. A replaceable waterproof battery in a hardened shell, may be mounted within the frame 4. A display 15, such as a tilting LED monitor may be mounted in a waterproof case upon the frame 4. An upgradeable open-source FPGA-based SDR may be mounted as a payload module 12 in a hardened oil-tilled case upon the frame 4, to accordance with certain embodiments, the device 1 may comprise a man-portable, tactical, field deployed, cyber assault, multi-sensor and spectrum situational awareness platform. The platform may be utilized as a battlefield weapon. Th platform may comprise a modular system with components sepai-able and upgradeabie/changeahle on a chassis that is configured, based on the volume and weight of the system, into a rifle or camcorder shaped all-in-one device L The layout of the- device 1 permits it to be balanced and used in a similar position that a user may holder a rifle or large camcorder, A benefit for this configuration is that the device 1. may be comfortably used for longer periods of time by a user. The primary processor 9 and the payload .module- 12 may be located in separate upgradeable sections of the frame 4» and their positions ma be switched relative to one another within the frame 4. Alternatively, the primary processor 9 and the payload module 12 may be adjacently located in the same section of the frame 4, The hand grips 33, and an optional should/chest pad (not shown), may be moved for balance. A viewfinder (not shown) may be included for identifying targeted sources of a spectrum, in surveillance mode and/or a target in attack mode. The viewfinder may be adjusted up and down on .aft upright bar of the; frame 4, The: viewfinder and the touchpad 20 may be relocated cm the frame- 4 for left-eye viewing, through the viewfinder and. left-hand use of the touchpad 20. The antenna polarization may be changed in fixed attachment by rotating the device 1 by 90 degrees, or a rotation mechanism may be used to allow the device 1 to remain upright so that only the antenna is rotated.

[0098] With reference now to Figures 7-10 embodiments of a visualization are shown. In Fig. 7 an embodiment of a display is illustrated. In this embodiment, a visualization tool may render graphics at the location of known transmission sources. A towe 1401 is displayed at the location relative to the device as the device is pointed in the. direction of the tower, if the user would aim the device to the left or to the right, the tower graphic would move opposite the direction of the device, maintaining accurate reference. The visualization tool may render a tower 1401 graphic at a location based on the listing of a transmitting tower in a data base. A number of data bases of known or recorded transmission sources exist. One such database is OpenCelilD available at ' http://opencelIid.org which is hereby incorporated by reference. In some embodiments, a database provides the location of the tower and the device's GPS or other position sensors provide the location of the device. The visualization tool processes the location information and renders graphics on the screen as they ' should appear based on the position of the de vice relative to any external signal or signal sources, la one exemplary embodiment, known transmission signals may be- represented by solid concentric circles 1402. in Fig. 7, the tower .1401 is a known, source and its transmission are known signals, -such as from a listing in a database. In alternate embodiments, only a tower 14 1 may be shown, where a tower is listed in a database as being located there, but the database lacks any" information about the · transmission; signal In further embodiments, additional details about the signals may be displayed next to the concentric circles representing signals 1402. For example, next to the concentric circles representing signals 1402, an embodiment ma include text listing the frequency and other transmission data provided in the database or from other sources,

[0099] In Fig, S, an alternate embodiment of a visualization is illustrated. In this embodiment., the display is represented as if the device is pointed towards a transmitting tower, Tbe tower 1503 may be represented from a listing in a database. The solid concentric. ' circles representing signals 1502 represent the known transmission source .from, the tower 1503, such as a radio tower. The dashed concentric circles representing signals 1502 represen the transmission signals received by the device from the tower 1503. in other embodiments, the display may list the details of the transmissions themselves. In such an embodiment, a soldier using the device can compare what a known signal, source should be transmitting,: and what the tower is actually transmitting. For example, if the tower was supposed to be transmitting a cellular LTE network, but the device is received an unidentified frequency and broadcast from the tower, the soldier may be cued to investigate the received signal further, to determine if it adversarial signal R > 8 also shows a, second set of solid 1502 and- dashed 1502 concentric circles representing signals. This graphic represents where a database lists a source without any physical characteristics of the source. For example, a source could be a tower, a wireless router, a satellite dish, or other transmitter. Where the physical structure is not listed or otherwise available, only a signal graphic may be represented. The dashed circles 1502 represent the actual signals received from the source.

OlOOj Fig. 9 represents a display with a camera view displayed on the screen, in this example, the camera is aimed at a town 160L With the device aimed at the town i the same orientation as the device, sources of transmissions are rendered on the screen as overlaid graphical representations by the visualization tool. The camer shows a satellite dish 1602 on a roof. In this example, the satellite dish is a known transmission source, such as that of a local television station. The visualization tool renders solid concentric circles representing signals 1603 where the database lists the signal from the satellite dish. Over both the camera feed and solid concentric circles representing signals 1603 the visualization tool renders a. graphic representing the actual signals being transmitted by the satellite dish as dashed -concentric circles representing signals 1604. in the same view, an additional received signal is represented in the top corner of a building by the same graphic of concentric circles representing signals 1604.

[00101] Fig. 10 illustrates a display with a map rendered with graphical representations over it. The location of the soldier icon 1701 representing a soldier wielding e device 1 is shown. Known, sources of transmissions, are displayed as solid concentric circles .representing signals 1703 and 1704 through the area on the map, rendered by th visualisation tool in this example, the solid concentric circles, such as those at 1703 may represent a cellular tower listed in a database, The solid concentric circles- at 1704 may represent a radio broadcast tower listed in -a database. Dashed concentric circles representing signals .1702 and 1705 represent received signals. In this embodiment, the device may be setup with certain antenna modules s that it cannot receive the frequencies from the cellular tower and. radio broadcast tower. This may be done because cellular and radio towers are not relevant to the mission at hand. Here, the antenna module may be setup to received frequencies from btTrst--transniission radios often used by adversaries. The dashed concentric circles representing signals 1702 and .1705 represen received signals in the hand that the- antenna module is setup to receive. From this embodiment, the soldier represented by icon 1701 can visualize on the screen, a map showing where adversaries are transmitting from and other transmissions in the area. However, the screen displays a signal source received from the cellular tower in a different band than cellular networks operate. This allows the device 1 users to discover that the cellular tower is being used to transmit sources other than cellular transmissions. The payload module 12 could then analyze the signals received from the cellular tower., if the signals turned out to be adversarial an airstrike or similar attack could be directed at the cellular tower.

[00 J 02| bt some embodiments, the present invention may be referred to as a hardened portable device for analyzing spectrum from a targeted source. The device may comprising a frame ' comprising shock resistant tubes and two antennas; a directional. antenna mounted on the frame and adapted to detect a first predetermined range of spectrum and an omnidirectional, antenna mounted on the frame adapted to detect a second predetermined range of spectrum. The antennas may receive .a signal and communicate it to a payloa module adapted or configured for a range of spectrum in which the signal resides. Also, the antennas may transmit signals received from a payload module. The payload modul may be in communication with a primary processor, which is mounted on the frame and adapted to analyze the spectrum, as it is received from the payload module.

[0(8103} A displa may be mounted on the frame and adapted to receive video output front he primar processor. The vi deo output from the primary processor may be a visualization of aspects of the different spectrums received from the antennas, such as the first pre-detennined spectrum and the second predetermined spectrum.

0010 1 The payload module may also be mounted on the irame. The modularity aspect allows for removability and swap-ability of different payload modules in a tactical environment. The payload module or payload may be connected to and in communication with the primary processor, where the primary processor acts a central processing unit for information and data from the payload module. The payload module may process signals received from the antennas, and pass the processed signal data to the primar processor, or pass through the raw signal data from the antennas t be analyzed or processed by a program executed by the primary processor.

[00 J 05| i some embodiments, the payload module or payload may include or comprise a field programmable gate array. The payload module, may be adapted to receive: spectrum data from said directional antenna and f om, said omnidirectional antenna. Power is provided to the- payload module and primary processor, as well as distributed to other components, such as he display, from, a portabie power mm. The portable power unit may be attached to the device, or not attached to the device. In some embo imen s the power unit may carried on a belt and connected to the device vi a power cord.

00106] In some embodiments, the payload modul may be a software defined radio. In even further exemplary embodiments, the payload module may comprise field programmable gate array, where the field programmable gate array may receive a. first set of computer readable instructions from the primary processor. In some embodiments* the- first set of computer readable instructions: may ca s the field programmable gale array to configure as a software defined radio for. a specific range of Spectrum, or portion of specific range of -spectrum. Farther, the field programmable gate array may receive a second set of computer readable instructions from the primary processor, wherein the second set of computer readable instructions comprise a software defmed radio adapted to process at least, one portion of a second predetermined range of spectrum, a previously undermined range of spectrum, or a portion of either.

[001071 Referring to Figures 1 -5, in one exemplary embodiment, the frame may be made of hollow tubes 5, and of a material that provides hardened characteristics, such as shock absorption.. The tubes may be- arranged in to a first sub-frame 50 and a second sub-frame 60, and attached together. In some embodiments, the sub-frames may have a generally rectangular shape. In other embodiments, the sub-frames may take different shapes that provide for an tactical use, such as a three-dimensional equilateral triangle arrangement. [0®1®?] The first. ' sub-frame 50 may have an upper member 51 and lower member 52 arranged generally parallel and operabl connected ai a front, end by a front member 53 and ai a rear end by a rear member 54. The four members may be connected, by shock absorbing mechanisms, such as rounded rubber joint boots 55<

|001O7]The. second sub-frame 60 may be similarly constructed, but in an orientation perpendicular to the first sub-fram 50, The second sub-frame 60 may be perpendicular to the first sub- frame 50 on two axis. The second sub-frame 60 may have a left member 61 and ' a right membe 62 arranged generally parallel to each othe aid operatively connected at the ends by a top member 63 and bottom member 64. The second sub- frame 60 may also have a middle member 65 positioned generally halfway between the top member 63 and the bottom member 64 and operatively connected to the left member 6! and the right member 62. In some embodiments, the middle member 65 may act as a cross bar .for the entire frame 4.

[00107]The first sub-frame 50 and second sub-frame 60 may be operably attached wherein the bottom member 64 of the second sub-frame 60 is operably connected to the lower member 52 of the first sub-frame 50. in some embodiments, the attachment of the bottom member 64 and lower membe 52 may create a junction where the bottom member 64 rests upon the lower member 52 approximately halfway along the length of the bottom, member 64, and at. approximately halfway along the length of the lower member 52,

[00107]The middle member 65 of the second sub-frame 60 may be connected to the upper member 51 of the first sub-frame 50 approximately halfway along the length of the middle member 64 and approximatel halfway along the length of the upper member 5.1 , The intersection of the first sub- frame 50 and second sub-frame 60 may effecti vely divide the first sab- frame 50 in half, creating a forward frame portion and a rear frame portion. The members of the first sub-frame 50 in the forward portion define an area which may be referred to as a forward mounting bay 70, Within the forward mounting bay 70, components- may be attached to the upper member 51 and lower member 5.2 to secure a component in the forward mounting bay 70. A component may also be attached to the front member 53 of the first sub-frame 50, as well as the bottom member 64 and middle member 65 of the .second sob- frame 60.

[O tOTjThe. members of the first sub-frame- 50 in the rear portion define an area which may be referred to as a rear mounting, bay 71. Within the rear ' mounting pay 71, components may be attached to the upper member 51 and lower member 52 to secure the componen in the rear mounting bay 71. A component may also be ' attached to the rear member 54 of the first sub-frame 50, as well as the bottom member 64 and middle member 65 of the second sub- frame 60. The payload module and the primary processor may be mounted in either the forward mounting bay 70 or the rear mounting bay 71.

ϊ 0010711η some embodiments, the frame may further comprise a neck strap that may allow a user to more conveniently bear the- weight of the device. In some embodiments, the neck strap may be attached to the frame with loops of one end of the neck strap wrapping around the right member of the second sub-frame under the middle member, and the other end wrapping around the left member of the second sub-frame under the middle member. In some embodiments, a belt may be included with the device to carry a portable power unit, in some embodiments, the belt may have a pouch adapted to cany a battery. In other embodiments the belt may b adapted t cany fuel cell. [0 1. ( 7 J In other exemplary embodiments, t he device may include a plurality of sensors, sometimes, referred to as a sensor suite. The plurality of sensors may include, but is limited to a GPS receiver, aeceierometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer. The plurality of sensors may be in ' communication with the primary processor, such as connected by cables, and provide information to the primary processor. For example, the plurality of sensors may provide position and orientation informatio to said primary processor.

[0Θ 10711» alternate exemplary embodiments, the. directional, antenna, may be an antenna array, or a plurality of antenna adapted to operate o multiple bands of spectrum, in other-exemplary embodiments, the omnidirectional antenna may comprise a plurality of antennas adapted to operate on multiple bands of spectrum. In even further emb d ments, the omnidirectional antenna may comprise an information-exchange antenna adapted to transmit GPS data and spectrum data between the device, such as from the primary processor and a network. The network may be adapted to farther transmit the GPS data and spectrum data to a remote processing facility for processing or other uses.

[00107Jm some embodiments, the primary processor may be part, of a computer module. Modular aspects allow for quick upgrades and modifications, or replacements. A computer .module may include a processing unit, a memory coupled to the processing unit, and lie housed in a ruggedized or hardened outer case. The payload module may similarly be modular, and the payload module may contain different components or software for different tasks. For example, the payload module may comprise non- transitory media of computer readable instructions adapted for digital signal processing. The pay ad module may store multiple sets of non-transitory media or computer readable i st uctions. The computer readable instructions, may be executed b the pay ad module for paybad modules which include processing capabilities, in other embodiments, the computer readable instructions* may be communicated to the computer module, or a primary processor, for execution. In some embodiments, the computer readable instructions may generate a program, or populate the memory modules on a field programmable gate array to create a software defined radio, in some embodiments, a generated program may be adapted to analyze and/or process signal data ' , or p tions of spectrum.

i00 7|The device may include- an interface ■' module in co mmncation with, the computer module. The interface module may have- a display adapted to receive video output f om the computer module, such as the output of a program.. The interface module may also include an input device adapted to provide a user interface in communication with the computer module and the display. A sensor suite, or plurality of sensors may also be included in the device, where the sensor suite or plurality of sensors are in communication with the computer module or a primary processor. Sensors may include, but are not limited to, a GPS receiver, acceieroraeter, gyroscope, and magnetometer, i n some embodiments the sensor suite or plurality of sensors may be adapted to provide position and orientation information.

£00107 JThe device ma further include a power regulator for stepping voltage to the preferred voltage for powering the pay ad module, paybad module, computer module, primary processor, interface module, signal transmissions, plurality of sensors and/or other components. In some embodiments a user replaceable power unit separate from. the frame may provide source power to the regulator.

[0 107] In some embodiments, the interface module, may furthe include an visualization module * The visualization module may be comprised of computer readable instructions adapted for receiving data from a plurality of sensors and the antennas or antenna arrays and display the sources of that data with reference to a location or orientation. Further, the computer readable instructions may integrate data from a source of transmission signal, location data, such as a .database, and render graphics representing: signal locations on the display.

0108] While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to an embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein, without departing from, the spirit and scope of the invention.