SYWYK, Stefan (Chudoznia 4 m. 66, Lwow, 79044, UA)
BUSLOWICZ, Jerzy (ul. Aspekt 63 m. 9, Warszawa, PL-01-904, PL)
SYWYK, Stefan (Chudoznia 4 m. 66, Lwow, 79044, UA)
Claims
1. A mould for manufacturing plaster construction elements, particularly with thermoinsulating inserts of the elements or renewable inserts for forming voids in elements, having form of a multichambered chest composed of a rigid planar panel as a base of the mould, two deflecting along the longer edge of the base side walls comprising on which ends in a top part miscible cut-outs closing clamps of these side walls, wherein said side walls are articulatable fastened to the mould's base panel through two three-part profile hinges which central parts are disconnectable fastened to a lower surface of the mould's base panel and external arms of hinges disconnectable fastened to an external surface of side walls, wherein articulations of hinges are provided with elastically susceptible inserts, characterized in that, side walls (1) and (2) of moulds are rigid piano-parallel panels, preferably made of stainless steel, in which main constructional panel (3) comprises perpendicular to its lower longer edge milled grooves (4) being fixing guides for the external partitions (5) and internal partitions (6) of the mould determining width of the chambers <K> and after inundation with plaster slurry - suitably width of manufactured plaster elements (8), (9), (10) to which on an opposite side coupled rectangular profiles (12) of panel (3) material are welded, preferably with stitch welding (11), wherein these rectangular profiles (12) are light, longitudinal torsionable constructional stiffening of side walls (1) and (2) and strengthened additionally on the external side of profiles (12) with a housing (13) made of a perforated sheet of panel (3) material, wherein said housing at its openings (14) is pointwise welded to the external wall of profiles (12) and flat (15) closing internal spaces of side walls (1) and (2) along their shorter edges, and thermoinsulating inserts (16), (17), (18) or inserts (20) and (43) forming voids in elements manufactured in several chambers <K> of the mould <F> in disconnectable manner clamped down from the top with sheets (22) of clamp (23), wherein clamp links (24) and (25) are provided from the external side with elastically susceptible elements (26) and (27) and in the top part of the link's end of a head (28) and (29) from a mould <F> service side with a profile of the cut-out being disconnectable part of a lock of a clamp-contracting head (30), (31) fastened on the right aim of hinges (32), (33), and the whole mould is foundated in disconnectable manner on a grid, preferably made of stainless material composed of disconnectable fastened to the mould's base panel (7) welded trapezoid cantilevers (35), (36) and (37) which lower part of a leg is disconnectable fastened to holder (38) of a flat base (39) and (40), and the external lateral surfaces at both sides of trapezoid cantilevers in the disconnectable manner are connected with the strips (41) and (42) stiffing the grid.
2. A mould according to claim 1, characterized in that, the clamp in a rectangular frame form is made of light closed profiles (23), (24), (25), preferable of an uniform stainless material, mutually connected in a stationary manner through permeating cross cuts out and their welding, to which from a bottom the supporting profiles (44) are welded, and the said profiles are connected to each other through the stitch welding with clamping stainless sheet (22), and thermoinsulating inserts (16), (17), (18), (43), which during inundation of mould voids with the plaster slurry and holding them down until plaster fixing, wherein the superior wall of the clamp link profile (24), (25) at the crossing point with the longitudinal profile of the frame (23) comprises welded fastener (45), (46), (47), (48) protecting the clamp link profile against the link arc bending, wherein said fastener simultaneously performs a function of a superior mould's grip, comprising on one side the welded adjusting screws (49), (50) of a grip force, on which screws an elastically susceptible element (51), (52) is slidably imposed and supports on the cut out edges in the external surface of the external arm's end (53), (54) of the mould's hinge, and from the mould's service side are ended with the profiled cut-out of the strand (55) cooperating with elements of the grip-clamp head (28), (29) in the cutout in the external arm (32), (33) of the mould's hinge.
3. A mould according to claim 1, characterized in that, the head of the superior grip-clamp of the mould 28 presented in a closed state (56) and in a temporary state (57) is rotatable engaged with the right external arm of the mould's hinge (32), (33) through a rotatable rod (58), bilaterally joined with two planar links (59), which through two rods (60) connect rotatable the head's profile (28) with lateral sides of the right profile (32) of the mould'a hinge, wherein in the cut out of the superior part of the head's profile (28) on the rod (61) a trundle with elastically susceptible concentric stuffing is entrenched between the sleeves (62), which during the head closing by the handle (56) in cooperation with the profiled cut-out (55) of the strand of the clamp link profile (24),( 25) causes forward direction of the side walls (1) and (2) closing and simultaneous thermoinsulating inserts (16), (17), (18) clamping, including prepared to move ready made element cut before the inserting into the mould a part of the thermoinsulating insert (43) with a metal sheet (22) the superior clamp grip (23) of the mould.
4. A mould according to claim 1, characterized in that, to the side walls (1) and (2) of the mould depending on the shape of the block of the ready made constructional element the rust-resisting sheet inserts (19) may be welded or fixed in disconnectable manner the inserts made of the antiadhesive elastically susceptible material (20) forming the appropriate to the inserts' shape voids in the ready made plaster elements (8), (9), (10) and slidably cohering to the plates of the interchamber partitions (6), slipped in the grooves acquiring the mould partitition into the chambers (4) milled with centripetal convergence in the mail panel (3) of the side walls (1) and (2).
5. A mould according to claim 1, characterized in that, the external partititions (5) in superior and buttom part are symetrically weighted in disconnectable manner against deflecting with rust-resisting profiles (63). 6. A mould according to claim 1, characterized in that, on the longer lower edge of the side walls (1) and (2), formed by connected with stitch welding: lower edge of the main constructional panel (3), lower edge rectangular stiffening profile (12) with a lower edge of the housing (13), the chanel is filled with a tape with the convex meniscus, obtained by the chemically cross-linked elastically susceptible glue (64), which after closing the side walls (1) and (2) makes tight the bonds between the mould base panel (7) and lower edges of the side walls (1) and (2).
7. A mould according to claim 1, characterized in that, to form in the mould plaster monolithic constructional elements instead of the grip (23) the single strands (24) and (25) are used, and the said strands are finished on one side with the suitable welded adjusting screws (49), (50) of a grip force, on which screws an elastically susceptible element (51), (52), and on the second side with profiled cut out (55) for cooperation with head (28) or (29) mounted in the right arm (32) or (33) of the hinge. |
A mould for manufacturing plaster construction elements
The subject matter of this invention is to provide a mould for manufacturing wall and floor, plaster construction elements, in particular the ones with a thermo- insulation insert that are use in environment-friendly and energy-efficient residence and general and housing construction industry.
Polish patent PL 180 381 Bl discloses a mould for manufacturing plaster construction elements, which form, due to a specific feature of curing plaster, i.e. consisting on the fact that the volume of plaster increases during crystallization of a plaster slurry poured into a mould, undergoes deformation of sides of the mould, by permanent curving of the upper edge of the side walls towards outside of the mould. It has been also stated that during the operation of the mould a flat parallel, resilient and compressive separator, when giving in under the pressure of rigid cladding tile, party compensating expansion also causes a possibility for movements on the side wall surface. Minimum surface movement of the cladding tiles cause considerablp difficulties in re-installation of the side partition into their vertical guides, i.e. the slots between the tiles when they are set together or adding plays in the adjacent slots'. Deformations in the sides of the mould and considerable plays in the guides for the mould partition lead to considerable deviations from the thickness and perpendicularity of the walls of the obtained plaster elements that exceed the applied standards. It has not been possible to eliminate this defect event by means of a change of materials for the side wall of melamine-chip boards into internally reinforced aluminum profiles manufactured at a large scale for profiles of truck side boards. Side walls made of melamine-chip boards with time become soaked with water, bulk and they make the deformation of the sides even greater, and thus deformation of the obtained elements, as a result of which durability of the moulds becomes poor and the moulds require serious
repairs. Deviations of the upper edges of the side walls should be prevented by the use of mechanically rigid clamps that clam the side walls in their upper part. Construction of the side pull - clamps for the side walls of the mould, due to variable plays of the slots of the guides for the mould partitions, does not provide support for the external partitions in their upper central point, and thus for sidewise deformations of the external partitions, which causes central bulging of the obtained plaster elements. Non- compressive PVC separator on the bottom of the mould does not seal sufficiently the side walls with the bottom of the mould, which causes leakage of the plaster slurry. The buoyancy forces of the plaster slurry at the moment of pouring of the mould causes inherent pushing of thermo-insulation inserts out, and this forces the use of individual clamps to support the side walls in their upper parts and to clamp the aforementioned inserts. During the manufacturing process, a mould set on a base made of wooden boards, undergo horizontal movement, in particular during release of the mould and during opening of the side walls of the mould in order to put the obtained plaster elements out. This requires frequent repairs of the base and leveling of the mould.
In the patent description EP 1243387 A2 the frame consists of lengthwise and crosswise parts detachably and positively joined together at the four corners and enclosing an insert containing several cavities is described. The two end sides of each crosswise frame part have a pin of polygonal diameter detachably fitting into the recess of polygonal diameter on the end of each lengthwise frame part. The two frame parts are detachably joined by a clamping screw fitting into a threaded hole, with nut fitting into a vertical hole. A tongue and groove join is between the frame and insert..
The patent application US 2006/0163445 Al refers to a modular framework used to mould concrete test blocks, composed of two identical modular semi-shells obtained from moulding suitable plastic materials, with each semi-shell being formed of two vertical borders positioned at 90°, built on the catheti of a lower horizontal triangular wall, each of them having vertical ribs in external position on the free edges, preferably provided with a lower tapered end; it being provided that two semi-shells can be joined by means of suitable rectilinear joints capable of being matched to the ribs. The subject matter of this invention is to provide a construction of a mould for manufacturing plaster construction elements, diverse in their final forms, by means of the use of suitably shaped lost thermo-insulating inserts, rigid and permanently mounted and/or releasable mounted, suitably shaped resilient-compressive inserts to the side
walls or to the base plate of the mould, as well as six -point, resilient-compressible tensioning of the side walls of the mould with resilient-compressive clamping of thermo-insulating inserts to the to the base plate of the mould, and foundation of the mould on uniform and rigid grids releasably engaged with the base plate of the mould. The subject of invention is a mold for manufacturing plaster construction elements, particularly with heat-insulating inserts of the elements or renewable inserts for forming voids in elements, having form of a multichambered chest composed of a rigid planar panel as a base of the mold, deflecting along the longer edge of the base of two side walls comprising on which ends in a superior part miscible cut-outs closing clamps of these side walls, wherein said side walls are articulatable fastened to the mold's base panel through two three-part profile hinges which central parts are disconnectable fastened to a lower surface of the mold's base panel and external arms of hinges disconnectable fastened to an external surface of side walls, wherein articulations of hinges are provided with elastically susceptible inserts, characterized in that, side walls and of molds are rigid piano-parallel panels, preferably made of stainless steel, wherein main constructional panel comprises perpendicular to its lower longer edge milled grooves being fixing guides for the external partitions and internal partitions of the mold determining width of the chambers <K> and after inundation with plaster grout — suitably width of manufactured plaster elements. On an opposite side coupled rectangular profiles of panel material are welded, preferably with stitch welding, wherein these rectangular profiles constitute a light, longitudinal torsionable constructional stiffening of side walls. Side walls are additionally strengthened on the external side of profiles with a housing made of a perforated sheet of panel material, wherein said housing at its openings is pointwise welded to the external wall of profiles and flat closing internal spaces of side walls and along their shorter edges. Heat- insulating inserts or inserts and forming voids in elements manufactured in several chambers <K> of the mold <F> in disconnectable manner are clamp down from the superior with sheets of clamp, wherein clamp links are provided from the external side with elastically susceptible elements and in the superior part of the link's end of a head from a mold <F> service side with a profile of the cut-out being disconnectable part of a lock of a clamp-contracting head, fastened on the right arm of hinges. In this manner both rigid side walls in six coupled points of the side clamp with a surface of the buttom of guide milled in the main panel in to the front of inner and external ractangenal
partitions of the mould, stabilizing them simultaneosusly giving the cuboidal shape of the ready plaster element. In all of these points the elastic force of the elastically susceptible elements render sealing and rigidity in the moment of its inundation with plaster slurry and the parallel susceptibility of the side walls when the volume of the slurry increases in the moment of its cristalisation.
The whole mould is foundated in discomiectable manner on a grid, preferably made of rust-resistant material, composed of discomiectable fastened to the mould's base panel welded trapezoid cantilevers which lower part of a leg is discomiectable fastened to holder of a flat base, and the external lateral surfaces at both sides of trapezoid cantilevers in the disconnectable manner are connected with the strips stiffing the grid. The exhaustive levelling of the mold's grid and its inundation with plaster stabilizes the stiff foundation of the mould on the base house and disposal of all the greves between the base panel of the mould and mould's partititions.
The mould's clamp is in a form of rectangular frame from the light closed profiles, preferable made of an uniform stainless material, mutually welded with permeating each other cross cuts out in with lateral profiles, which constitute the clamp strands, with longitudinal profiles, wherein the superior walls of the lateral profile on the both sides are connected by welding with fiat bar binding through the mouth with the longitudinal profile, counteracting the tension-bending forces of the clamp strand. In the thermoinsulating inserts axis to back bottom walls of longitudinal profiles perpendicular profiles with sheets clamping these inserts to the base panel of the mould are welded. Clamp links on one side comprise the welded adjusting screws of a grip force on which an elastically susceptible element is slidably imposed, and on the second side these links are ended with the specialty profiled cut-out in the top part, disconiiectably cooperating with a trundle of the grip-clamp head mounted in the external arm of the mould's hinge.
The grip-clamp head is rotatable engaged with the rigid external arm of the mould's hinge through a rotatable rod, bilaterally joined with two planar links, which through two rods rotatable connect the head's profile with lateral sides of the right profile of the mould's hinge, wherein in the cut-out of the superior part of the head's profile on the rod a trundle with elastically susceptible concentric stuffing is entrenched between the sleeves. The trundle, cooperating with the profiled cut-out at the strand closing with one move of the handle, causes a concurrent move of the mould's side
walls and simultaneous clamp by the sheet the top grip-clamp of the mould's thermoinsulating inserts, including cut before inserting into the mould the thermoinsulating insert's part prepared for removing from the ready made element.
The mould can freely form the block of the ready made constructional element through appropriate forming of the lost thermoinsulating inserts, disassemble inserts for forming voids in the plaster element, inserts stationary welded to the main panel of the side wall and/or elastically susceptible inserts disconnectable mounted to the side walls or interchamber partitions, wherein inserts mounted to walls in the chambers' comers adhere to chambers' partitions. Rectangular chambers' partitions inserted in the milled grooves of the main panel divide the mould to the equal cubicoidal chambers to form mapping them precisely plaster construction elements. The trapezoidal central cross- section of the groove provides easy sliding partitions into grooves and their stabilizing at closing by the clamp-close head of the mould.
Against external bending as a result of one-sided plaster's pressure increasing its volume at the slurry fixing, external partitions at the top and bottom edge symmetrically reinforced by disconnectable fins of profiles made of stainless steel.
A channel formed along the bottom edge of the side wall composed of mutually welded: the main panel's edge, the square profile and the housing's edge, fulfilled with the positive meniscus gridded with an elastic chemo-hardenable glue forms an elastic and susceptible tape sealing the mould between the mould's base panel and bottom edges of side walls.
. At forming monolithic plaster construction elements only single clamp links are used which compress top edges of mould's side walls through bilateral arms of the mould's hinges in the manner described above. The construction of the mould according to the invention provides omitting geometrical and technological defects of manufactured plaster construction elements, geometrical and functional broadening the structure of products, simplifying moulds service, increasing technical and technological durability of the mould and increasing elementary productivity. The invention is presented in details in the example shown in the drawing, where
Fig. 1 presents the mould assembly in the axonometric projection with partial exposure of side wall's elements and the grid of the mould's base, Fig. 2 — the top clamp assembly of the mould in the axonometric projection, Fig. 3 - kinetics of cooperation between grip-clamp head of the hinge's right arm with the clamp link's end, Fig. 4 —
axonometric view of the mould with the deflected one side wall, examples of different inserts types and suitably exemplary ready made plaster construction elements.
The mould < F > is formed by multichambered chest, composed of a rigid planar panel as a base of the mould 7, deflecting along the longer edge of the base of two side walls l_ and 2, external and internal partitions 5 and 6 dividing the individual chambers, upper clamp- grip of the mould 23 cooperating with left 26, 27 and right 32 i
33 . arms of the mould's hinge, side grips and base grate of the mould 35 . , 36, 37.
Side walls 1 and 2 of the mould are formed by rigid piano-parallel panels, made of stainless steel, wherein the main constructional panel 3 comprises perpendicular to its lower longer edge milled grooves 4, being guides for the external and internal partitions 5 . , 6 of the mould determining width of the chambers <K>, and after inundation with plaster slurry - suitably width of manufactured plaster elements 8, 9, JU). On an opposite side of the main panel 3_ are welded with stitch welding ϋ coupled rectangular profiles Y2 made of the same material as main panel 3_. Assembled in such a way in side profiles 12 constitute a light, longitudinal torsionable constructional stiffening of side walls, additionally strengthened on the external side of profiles 1_2 with a housing 1_3 made of a perforated sheet same as a panel 3_ material, wherein said housing is pointwise welded at its openings 1_4 to the external wall of profiles 12 and flat 15. closing internal spaces of side walls 1 and 2 along their shorter edges. The heat-insulating inserts 16, 17, J_8 or inserts 20 and 43 forming voids in elements manufactured in several chambers <K> of the mould <F> in disconnectable manner clamped down from the superior with sheets 22 of clamp 23_. Clamp links 24 and 25 are provided with elastically susceptible elements 26 and 27 from the external side and with profiled cut-out in the superior part of the strand 5_5. This cut-out cooperate with the elements of a head 28 and 29 from a mould <F> service side, constituting the disconnectable part of a lock of a clamp-contracting head 30, 31_ fastened on the right arm of hinges 32, 3_3.
The whole mould is foundated in disconnectable manner on a grid, made of stainless material, composed of disconnectable, fastened to the mould's base panel 7, welded trapezoid cantilevers 3_5, 36 and 37 which lower part of a leg is disconnectable fastened to holders 3_8 of a flat base 3_9 and 40, and the external lateral surfaces at both sides of trapezoid cantilevers in the disconnectable manner are connected with the strips 41, 42.
The clamp in a rectangular frame form is made of light closed profiles 23, 24, 25, preferable of an uniform stainless material, mutually connected in a stationary manner through permeating cross cuts out and their welding. To the profiles 23 . from a bottom the supporting profiles 44 are welded, and the said profiles are connected to each other through the stitch welding with clamping stainless sheet 22, and heat-insulating inserts 16, 17, 18, 43, which during inundation of mould voids with the plaster slurry and holding them down until plaster fixing, wherein the superior wall of the clamp link profile 24, 25 at the crossing point with the longitudinal profile of the frame 23 comprises welded fastener 45, 46, 47, 48 protecting the clamp link profile against the link arc bending, wherein said fastener simultaneously performs a function of a superior mould's grip, comprising on one side the welded adjusting screws 49, 50 of a grip force, on which screws an elastically susceptible element 5_]_, 52_ is slidably imposed and supports on the cut out edges in the external surface of the external ami's end 53 . , 54 of the mould's hinge, and from the mould's service side are ended with the profiled cut-out of the strand 5_5 cooperating with elements of the grip-clamp head 2j8, 29 in the cut-out in the external arm 32, 3_3 of the mould's.
The head of the superior grip-clamp of the mould 28 . presented on the Fig. 3 is in a closed state 5J) and in a temporary state 5_7. It is rotatable engaged with the right external arm of the mould's hinge 32, 33 . through a rotatable rod 58, bilaterally joined with two planar links 59, which through two rods 60 connect rotatable the head's profile 28 with lateral sides of the right profile 32 of the mould'a hinge, wherein in the cut out of the superior part of the head's profile 28 . on the rod 6J_ a trundle with elastically susceptible concentric stuffing is entrenched between the sleeves 63, which during the head closing by the handle 56 in cooperation with the profiled cut-out 55. of the strand of the clamp link profile 24, 25 causes forward direction of the side walls J_ and 2 closing and simultaneous heat-insulating inserts Jj5, j/7, 1_8 clamping, including prepared to move ready made element cut before the inserting into the mould a part of the thermoinsulating insert 43. with a metal sheet 22 the superior clamp grip 23. of the mould. To the side walls I and 2 of the mould depending on the shape of the block of the ready made constructional element the rust-resisting sheet inserts 19 may be welded or fixed in disconnectable manner the inserts made of the antiadhesive elastically susceptible material 20 forming the appropriate to the inserts' shape voids in the ready made plaster elements 8, 9, J 1 O and slidably cohering to the plates of the interchamber
, partitions 6, slipped in the grooves acquiring the mould partitition into the chambers 4 milled with centripetal convergence in the mail panel 3. of the side walls i and 2.
The external partititions 5_ in superior and buttom part are symetrically weighted in disconnectable manner against deflecting with rust-resisting profiles 63. On the longer lower edge of the side walls 1 and 2, formed by connected with stitch welding: lower edge of the main constructional panel 3_, lower edge rectangular stiffening profil 12 with a lower edge of the housing 13 , the chanel is filled with a tape with the convex meniscus, obtained by the chemically cross-linked elastically susceptible glue 64, which after closing the side walls 1 and 2 makes tight the bonds between the mould base panel 7 and lower edges of the side walls 1 and 2.
To form in the mould <F> plaster monolithic constructional elements instead of the grip 23_ the single strands 24 and 25_ are used, and the said strands are finished on one side with the suitable welded adjusting screws 49, 50 of a grip force, on which screws an elastically susceptible element 51, 52, and on the second side with profiled cut out 55_ for cooperation with head 2J3 or 29 mounted in the right arm 32_ or 33_ of the hinge.