(b) Description of the Related Art Wood is widely used in the manufacture of buildings and furniture, but it has the drawback of being very vulnerable to deterioration by fire, microorganisms, or various insects in view of its inherent characteristics. It also has other problems, for example it is readily rotted because it absorbs a great deal of moisture during the rainy season. In particular, considering that the effective life of wooden constructs is usually terminated by such moisture, fire, or biodeterioration, it is obvious that treatments such as waterproofing,

water repellency, flame retardancy, antimicrobial treatment, antiseptic treatment, and mothproofing onto wood will significantly improve the life and performance of various structures made of wood.

Korea is a time-honored wooden asset country, and even though a considerable number of wooden assets have been hitherto destroyed by wars, etc. , many of them still remain, and some have been recognized by UNESCO as world cultural heritage sites.

These assets include: from the Koryo Dynasty, the Geuklakjeon structure of the Bongjungsa temple (National Treasure No. 15) and the Muryansujeon structure of the Pusoksa temple (National Treasure No. 18), which is the oldest existing wooden cultural asset; the Geuklakjeon structure of the Muwisa temple and the Aksajeon structure of the Kwanryongsa temple as architecture of the early Chosun Dynasty; and the Palsangjeon structure of the Pupchusa temple (National Treasure No. 55) as architecture of the mid Chosun Dynasty, etc.

As can be seen from the existent various Korean wooden assets, it is appreciated that the life of wooden structures may be 1000 years or longer if appropriate preservation methods are provided, but so far, very few preservative techniques for such superior wooden assets have been developed.

Recently, the hall that housed the Sukamoni statue at Ssangbongsa temple burnt down, and the Geuklakbojeon structure of the Muwisa temple (National Treasure No. 13) and other structures have been damaged by white ants and wood erosion. That is, wood is very vulnerable to various natural phenomena such as moisture, fire, microorganisms, etc.

The primary material for the wooden assets of Korea has been pine tree wood. This is due to its excellent intensity resistance, flex resistance, durability, etc.. However, it has strong lignin and thus its surface is tough and it is apt to crack when dried, and it is also damaged by various insects.

Accordingly, it has always been the practice to coat the wood with"red and blue".

"Red and blue"refers to a staining agent of inorganic or organic compounds in which colored particulates are not dissolved in solvents, and it is mixed with an adhesive and then coated onto buildings, providing a beautifully colored coating film on the surface of the buildings. However, such red and blue does not have functions such as waterproofing, water repellency, flame retardancy, antimicrobial properties, antiseptic properties, mothproofing, etc.

To improve the flame retardancy of wood, sulfates such as ammonium sulfate and sodium sulfate, and boron or boric acid, etc. have been used as

reagents. However, even though these reagents have excellent flame retardant effects, they cause chlorosis at the surface of wood when used over a long period, thereby damaging the appearance of red and blue, and the flame retardancy also deteriorates.

Also, to improve the antiseptic ability of wood, there have been known pentachlorophenol and its derivatives, pentachlorophenol-laurate, pentachlorophenol-dihydroabiethylamine, etc. However, as these compounds contain phenol, which is noxious to the environment, their use is now forbidden Also, as mothproofing agents, there have been known dyidorine, crolten, smithion, etc. These compounds are also noxious to the environment and thus their use is forbidden.

Further, the prior flame retardant, antiseptic, and mothproofing treatments applied to wooden structures are conducted by first impregnating wood with reagents having flame retardant characteristics and drying them, and then by impregnating the dried wood with reagents having antiseptic and mothproofing characteristics. That is, these treatments are applied in several separate stages and thus their coating methods are somewhat complicated.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the aforementioned

problems, and it is an object of the invention to provide a coating composition with excellent waterproofing, water repellency, flame retardancy, antimicrobial, antiseptic, and mothproofing properties, as well as excellent adhesion to architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc. so that it can also be used as an adhesive, and it exhibits beautiful colors, it can be coated by a simple way, its coating thickness can be readily controlled, and it is environmentally friendly.

Further, it is an object of the invention to provide a preserver for the coating film.

To achieve the aforementioned objects, the present invention provides a coating composition comprising (a) 70 to 100 parts by weight of an adhesive component selected from the group consisting of dammar resin, pine resin, and rosin; and (b) 5 to 100 parts by weight of a wax component selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, carbona wax, micro wax, and white beeswax.

Also, the invention provides a preserver for a coating film comprising (a) 10 to 200 parts by weight of trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylenechloride, or a mixture thereof; and (b) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a wax.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS This invention will now be further described in more detail.

The coating composition of the invention comprises an adhesive component and a wax component as essential components.

As the adhesive component, dammar resin, pine resin, rosin, or a mixture thereof is used, and as the wax component, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, fluidic paraffin, carbona wax, micro wax, white beeswax, or a mixture thereof is used.

The dammar resin contained in the coating composition of the invention is a kind of natural resin, it is formed by solidification of the sap of a tree belonging to the Dipterocarpceae family, and it is mostly used for the preparation of dammar vanish. Dammar resin has excellent adhesion, and accordingly the coating composition of the invention has excellent adhesion to architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc.

The coating composition of the invention preferably comprises the dammar resin in an amount of 70 to 100 parts by weight. If the content of the dammar resin is less than 70 parts by weight, the adhesion of the coating composition of the invention to architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc. is reduced and the surface of the architectural materials onto which the composition is coated becomes tough; and if it exceeds 100 parts by weight,

the waterproofing and water repellency of the coating composition of the invention are reduced.

Also, the coating composition of the invention comprises a wax component selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, carbona wax, micro wax, and white beeswax. This wax component has been widely used as an additive in the preparation of dispersion agents, processing aids, lubricants, release agents, surfactants, plastics, rubbers, cables, etc.

Such wax component confers thixotropy to the coating composition of the invention, and also confers waterproofing and water repellency properties thereto. Microorganisms that grow in various types of wood terminate their proliferation at moisture content of 15% or less. That is, as the wax component has excellent waterproofing and water repellent functions and thus intercepts the moisture absorption of wood, most microorganisms cannot survive in wood onto which the coating composition of the invention is coated.

The coating composition of the invention preferably comprises the wax component in an amount of 5 to 100 parts by weight. If the content of the wax component is less than 5 parts by weight, the waterproofing and water repellent functions of the coating composition of the invention are reduced, and if it exceeds 100 parts by weight, the permeability of the coating

composition of the invention becomes excessively low and thus the colors of the architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc. do not appear well.

The coating composition may further comprise ethylene vinyl acetate resin, urethane resin, or a mixture thereof. The ethylene vinyl acetate resin, urethane resin, or a mixture thereof has a role in improving the temperature characteristics of the coating composition of the invention.

That is to say, if the ethylene vinyl acetate resin, urethane resin, or a mixture thereof is added to the coating composition of the invention, the coating composition is not excessively hardened at low temperatures in winter, so the coating film onto which the coating composition of the invention is coated does not crack at a low temperature. In addition, the hardness of the coating composition of the invention does not become excessively low at high temperatures in summer, so the coating film onto which the coating composition of the invention is coated does not have fluidity at a high temperature.

The coating composition of the invention may preferably comprise the ethylene vinyl acetate resin, urethane resin, or a mixture thereof in an amount of 10 to 50 parts by weight. If the content thereof is less than 10 parts by weight, the hardness of the coating composition becomes low and thus its weatherability is decreased, and if it exceeds 50 parts by weight, the coating

composition is excessively hardened.

The coating composition of the invention may further comprise a fat or oil component of perilla oil, tung oil, turpentine oil, pine oil, or a mixture thereof.

This fat or oil component has a role in protecting the coating composition of the invention and protecting the properties of the coating composition according to a change in temperature.

The fat or oil component may preferably be present in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight. If the fat or oil component content is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the change of the properties of the coating composition according to temperature is reduced, and if it exceeds 20 parts by weight, the coating composition is not well dried when coated.

Furthermore, the coating composition of the invention may further comprise a flame retardant component of a powder fire extinguisher composition having ammonium phosphate (monobasic), ammonium sulfate, or a mixture thereof as a main ingredient.

For the above flame retardant composition, the powder fire extinguisher composition having ammonium phosphate (monobasic) as a main ingredient is preferred, as it is a substance having excellent fire extinguishing properties and it is the most generally used composition for powder fire extinguishers. It is preferred that the powder fire extinguisher

composition having ammonium phosphate (monobasic) as a main ingredient that can be used in the present invention comprises 70 to 99% by weight of ammonium phosphate (monobasic), 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of a plasticizer, 0.1 to 5% by weight of silicon oil, 0.1 to 5% by weight of a hardener, and 0.5 to 1.0% by weight of a fluidizer, and that the diameter of the powder particles is 0.1 to 75 am.

The powder fire extinguisher composition having ammonium phosphate (monobasic) as a main ingredient is harmless to humans and animals, and thus it is environmentally friendly.

It is preferred that the coating composition of the invention comprises the flame retardant component of a powder fire extinguisher composition having ammonium phosphate (monobasic), ammonium sulfate, or a mixture thereof as a main ingredient in an amount of 150 to 200 parts by weight. If the content of the flame retardant component is less than 150 parts by weight, the flame retardancy of the coating composition of the invention is reduced, and if it exceeds 200 parts by weight, the viscosity of the coating composition becomes too high and thus adhesion to the architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc. is undesirably reduced.

Further, so as to eliminate chlorosis and impart excellent coating ability at room temperature, the coating composition of the invention may

further comprise trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylene chloride, or a mixture thereof.

Trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylene chloride, or a mixture thereof has excellent volatility and thus lowers the viscosity of the coating composition of the invention. Therefore, if the coating composition of the invention comprises trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylene chloride, or a mixture thereof, it can be easily used as a coating agent at room temperature. The coating composition of the invention to which trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylene chloride or a mixture thereof is not added has excellent coating ability when used after being heated, generally to a temperature of 50 to 160 °C. However, the coating composition to which trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylene chloride, or a mixture thereof is added exhibits excellent coating ability even when it is not heated.

Further, trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylene chloride, or a mixture thereof is reacted with polyethylene wax, etc. , thereby forming a protective film at the surface of the coating film onto which the coating composition of the invention is coated. The protective film thus formed has a function of preventing chlorosis of the coating film onto which the coating composition of the invention is coated.

In the case that trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylene chloride, or a mixture thereof is added to the coating composition of the invention, a preferred content thereof is 10 to 200 parts by weight.

In the case that trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylene chloride or a mixture thereof is added to the coating composition of the invention, if the content thereof is less than 10 parts by weight, the viscosity of the coating composition of the invention becomes excessively high and thus it cannot be used as a coating agent at room temperature and it must be heated for use.

If the content thereof exceeds 200 parts by weight, the viscosity of the coating composition of the invention becomes excessively low, and as a result, when the coating composition of the invention is coated onto the surface of wood, etc. , the coating composition flows down and thus cannot form a uniform coating layer.

Moreover, the coating composition may further comprise pigments in order to exhibit beautiful colors. The pigments that can be added to the coating composition of the invention are largely divided into organic pigments and inorganic pigments.

As organic pigments, cyanine green, permanent orange, permanent yellow, toluidine red, permanent black, etc. are preferably used; and as inorganic pigments, titanium dioxide, iron oxide yellow, paris white, emerald

green, lead red, cobalt blue, iron oxide red, chrome yellow, chromium oxide green, ultramarine blue, etc. are preferably used.

All of the above exemplified organic pigments and inorganic pigments are standard pigments designated by the Office of Cultural Properties, and they are generally used for"red and blue"coating. Of the above pigments, an appropriate color can be chosen and added to the coating composition of the invention in accordance with the application.

It is preferred that the content of the pigments to be contained in the coating composition of the invention is 0.1 to 60 parts by weight. If the content of the pigments is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the coating composition of the invention cannot exhibit appropriate color, and if it exceeds 60 parts by weight, the hardness and viscosity of the coating composition is raised and thus adhesion to the architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc. is undesirably reduced.

As methods for coating the coating composition onto the architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc. , any coating methods that are generally used, for example, spray coating, deep coating, etc. , are available.

Also, it can be coated directly onto the architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc.

Further, the present invention provides a preserver for a coating film

comprising (a) 10 to 200 parts by weight of trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylenechloride, or a mixture thereof; and (b) 0.1 to 20 parts by weight of a wax. It is preferable that the wax is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, fluidic paraffin, carbona wax, micro wax, and white beeswax.

If the preserver for a coating film is applied to the coating film onto which the coating composition of the invention is coated, a very thin film is formed at the surface of the coating film, preventing chlorosis from occurring at the surface of the coating film, and the coating film is stably preserved at low temperature such as below freezing or at a high temperature such as in a tropical area. The preserver for coating shows especially good effect when it is applied to fibers, wood, acrylic sheet, concrete wall, sheet, etc, because the preserver for coating is very thin.

The preserver of a coating film can be prepared by mixing trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, methylenechloride, or a mixture thereof, and the wax component selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, fluidic paraffin, carbona wax, micro wax, and white beeswax, and heating them at 50 to 160 °C and cooling them, and then it can be applied to the surface of the coating film.

As described in the above, the coating composition of the present

invention has excellent waterproofing, water repellency, flame retardancy, antimicrobial, antiseptic, and mothproofing properties, as well as excellent adhesion to architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc. so that it can also be used as an adhesive, which exhibits beautiful colors, can be coated in a simple way, its coating thickness can be readily controlled, and is environmentally friendly.

Preferred examples of the invention and comparative examples are given below. The following examples and comparative examples are provided solely to enable the invention to be understood more fully, and the subject matter of the invention should not be construed to be limited thereto.

Example 1 80 G of dammar resin, 8 g of polyethylene wax, 8 g of paraffin wax, and 27 g of ethylene vinyl acetate resin were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 130 °C for 7 min. 5 g of fluidic paraffin was added to the heated mixture, which was then uniformly mixed at 130 °C for 3 min. to thereby prepare a coating composition.

Example 2 The procedures were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 above, except that 40 g of trichloroethylene was further added.

Example 3 80 g of dammar resin, 8 g of polyethylene wax, 5 g of fluidic paraffin, 8 g of paraffin wax, and 27 g of ethylene vinyl acetate resin were mixed and the mixture was heated at 130 °C for 7 min. 180 g of a powder fire extinguisher composition having ammonium phosphate (monobasic) as a main ingredient was added to the heated mixture, which was then uniformly mixed for 3 min. to thereby prepare a coating composition.

Example 4 The procedures were carried out in the same manner as in Example 3 above, except that 20 g of iron oxide red was further added, and 40 g of trichloroethylene was further added when the powder fire extinguisher composition having ammonium phosphate (monobasic) as a main ingredient was added.

Waterproofing Test The surface of American pine tree wood of dimensions 13 x 2 x 1 cm was coated with the coating compositions prepared in Examples 1 to 4 above to a thickness of 2 mm, and the wood was then immersed in water to a depth of 10 cm. At 12 hour intervals, the wood was removed from the water, its surface was wiped, and its weight was measured to thereby calculate moisture absorbance rate. As a comparative example, American pine tree

wood of the same dimensions that was not coated with the coating compositions of Examples 1 to 4 was evaluated, using the same method.

The waterproofing properties were evaluated by a waterproofing index according to the following Formula 1, using the moisture absorbance rate of the treated and untreated wood.

Formula 1 {moisture absorbance rate of untreated wood-moisture absorbance rate of treated wood} divided by {moisture absorbance rate of the untreated wood} x 100 The higher the waterproofing index the higher the waterproofing rate, and if no moisture is absorbed, the waterproofing index is 100.

The waterproofing index of each coating composition of the examples was calculated according to the above Formula 1, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1 Waterproofing 12 hrs 24 hrs 36 hrs 48 hrs 60 hrs72 hrs 84 hr 96 hr Index later later later later later later later later Ex. 1 99.6 99.5 99.5 99.4 99.4 99.2 99.1 99.0 Ex. 2 99. 5 99.5 99.5 99.4 99.3 99.3 99.1 99.0 Ex. 3 99. 7 99.6 99. 5 99. 5 99. 3 99. 2 99.0 89.9 Ex. 4 99. 5 99. 5 99. 4 99. 3 99. 1 99. 1 99. 0 89. 8 Comparative Ex. 66. 7 63. 2 61. 3 59. 5 58. 3 57. 5 55. 2 54. 3

As shown in Table 1 above, it was observed that the waterproofing index of the wood that was treated with the coating compositions of the invention hardly changed as time passed, whereas the waterproofing index of the pine tree that was not treated with the coating compositions of the invention rapidly decreased as time passed. Therefore, it can be seen that the coating composition of the invention has excellent waterproofing properties.

Water Repellency Test The water repellency of the wood samples that were treated with the coating compositions of Examples 1 to 4 above and the wood sample that was not treated with the coating composition was determined by a spray method according to JISL-1005, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

The water repellency evaluation index ranges from 0 to 100. The higher the water repellency evaluation index, the better the water repellency.

Conditions regarding the water repellency evaluation index are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2 Water Repellency Conditions 100 No wetting and swelling on the surface of the sample 90 Slight wetting and swelling on the surface of the sample 80 Partial wetting and swelling on the surface of the sample 70 Swelling of the surface of the sample 50 Swelling of the whole surface of the sample 0 Swelling up to the rear surface of the sample Table 3 Water Repellency Evaluation Index Example 1 100 Example 2 100 Example 3 100 Example 4 100 Comparative Example

As shown in Table 3 above, all of the water repellency evaluation indexes of the examples that were treated with the coating compositions of the invention were 100, whereas the water repellency evaluation index of the comparative example that was not treated with the coating composition of the invention was 0. Therefore, it can be seen that the coating composition of

the invention has excellent water repellency.

Flame Retardancy Test Aflame retardancy test was conducted on three test pieces of pine tree wood, two of which were treated with the coating composition of the invention and one of which was not treated with the coating composition, according to "Flame Retardancy Performance Determination Standard of Integrated Plate, etc. and Method"of Article 7 of the Standard and Test Particulars of Flame Retardancy Performance (KOFEIS 1001) published by the Ministry of Government Administration & Home Affairs/Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Corporation, and the average value was determined. The results are shown in Table 4 below. According to the Enforcement Decree of Fire Fighting Law, after each test piece is heated by a maker burner for 2 min. and the spark of the burner is removed, the time until combustion is terminated with spark being up is defined as a remaining flame time, the time until combustion is terminated with spark not being up is defined as a remaining body time, the length that is carbonized is defined as a carbonized distance, and the area that is carbonized is defined as a carbonized area. According to KOFEIS 1001, a remaining time within 10 sec., a remaining body time within 30 sec. , a carbonized distance of 20 cm or less, and a carbonized area of 50 cm2 or less are regarded as being appropriate.

Table 4 Remaining Remaining Carbonized Carbonized Flame Time Body Time Distance Area (Sec. ) (Sec. ) (cm) (cd) Example 3 7 10 5 9 Example 4 8 14 7 8 Comparative 22 48 35 75 Example

As shown in Table 4 above, all of the wood pieces that were treated with the coating compositions of Examples 3 and 4 of the invention passed the flame retardancy test, whereas the wood piece that was not treated with the coating composition of the invention failed the flame retardancy test.

Therefore, it can be seen that the coating composition of the invention has excellent flame retardancy.

Antimicrobial property Test The test was carried out using phycomyces and bluish black fungus for 4 weeks according to the method arranged by Korea Forest Research Institute, the Wood Preservation Research Center Standard No. 2 (1997), and the growth degree of fungi was observed. The evaluated values are shown in Table 6 below. Table 5 below shows the definition of the evaluated values.

Table 5 Evaluated Growth Degree of Fungi Value 0 No growth of fungi appears on the test piece 1 Growth of fungi appears only on a side of the test piece. Growth of fungi appears on the upper area of the test piece of 2 not more than 1/3. Growth of fungi appears on the upper area of the test piece of 3 not less than 1/3.

Table 6 Evaluated Value Example 1 0 Example 2 0 Example 3 0 Example 4 0 Comparative Example 3

As shown in Table 6 above, all of the wood pieces that were treated with the coating composition of the invention passed the antimicrobial property test, whereas the wood piece that was not treated with the coating composition of the invention failed the antimicrobial property test. Therefore, it can be seen that the coating composition of the invention has excellent antimicrobial properties.

Antiseptic property Test The test was carried out using Tyromyces plaustris, which is brown-rot fungus, and Coriolus versicolor, which is white-rot fungus, for 3 weeks according to the test method arranged by KS M-1701 Woods Antiseptic (1997), and then the average reduction rate in the mass of the test piece was determined. The results are shown in Table 7 below. According to the standard, an average mass reduction rate of 3% or less is regarded as having appropriate antiseptic performance.

Table 7 Antiseptic Effect (%) Example 1 1.2 Example 2 1.1 Example 3 1.0 Example 4 1.1 Comparative Example 32. 0

As shown in Table 7 above, all of the wood samples that were treated with the coating composition of the invention passed the antiseptic property test, whereas the wood sample that was not treated with the coating composition of the invention failed the antiseptic property test. Therefore, it can be seen that the coating composition of the invention has excellent

antiseptic properties.

Mothproofing Test The test was carried out using Reticulitermes speratus and Coptotermes formosanus for 3 weeks according to the method arranged by Korea Forest Research Institute, Wood Preservation Research Center Standard No. 10 (1997), and then the death rate and the average reduction rate in the mass of each test piece were determined. The results are shown in Table 8 below. An average mass reduction rate of 3% or less is regarded as having appropriate mothproofing effects.

Table 8 Mothproofing Effect (%) Reduction Rate of Death Mass (%) Rate (%) Example 1 1. 2 99. 6 Example 2 1. 5 99. 2 Example 3 0. 9 98. 9 Example 4 1. 3 98. 7 Comparative 25.9 29.5 Example As shown in Table 8 above, all of the samples that were treated with the coating composition of the invention passed the mothproofing test,

whereas the sample that was not treated with the coating composition of the invention failed the mothproofing test. Therefore, it can be seen that the coating composition of the invention has excellent mothproofing properties.

The coating composition of the invention has excellent waterproofing, water repellency, flame retardancy, antimicrobial, antiseptic, and mothproofing properties, as well as excellent adhesion to architectural materials such as wood, concrete, etc. so that it can also be used as an adhesive, and it exhibits beautiful colors, it can be coated in a simple way, its coating thickness can be readily controlled, and it is environmentally friendly.