ANTAGONISTS OF THE TRPVl RECEPTOR AND USES THEREOF

FIELD AND BACKGROUND The present application relates to compounds of formula (I), which are useful for treating disorders caused by or exacerbated by vanilloid receptor activity. The present application also includes pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of formula (I) and methods for treating pain, bladder overactivity, and urinary incontinence using said compounds and said pharmaceutical compositions. Nociceptors are primary sensory afferent (C and Aδ fibers) neurons that are activated by a wide variety of noxious stimuli including chemical, mechanical, thermal, and proton (pH < 6) modalities. The lipophillic vanilloid, capsaicin, activates primary sensory fibers via a specific cell surface capsaicin receptor, cloned as the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPVl).. The intradermal administration of capsaicin is characterized by an initial burning or hot sensation followed by a prolonged period of analgesia. The analgesic component of TRPVl receptor activation is thought to be mediated by a capsaicin- induced desensitization of the primary sensory afferent terminal. Thus, the long lasting anti-nociceptive effects of capsaicin has prompted the clinical use of capsaicin analogs as analgesic agents. Further, capsazepine, a capsaicin receptor antagonist can reduce inflammation- induced hyperalgesia in animal models. TRPVl receptors are also localized on sensory afferents, which innervate the bladder. Capsaicin or resiniferatoxin has been shown to ameliorate incontinence symptoms upon injection into the bladder.

The TRPVl receptor has been called a "polymodal detector" of noxious stimuli since it can be activated in several ways. The receptor channel is activated by capsaicin and other vanilloids and thus is classified as a ligand-gated ion channel. TRPVl receptor activation by capsaicin can be blocked by the competitive TRPVl receptor antagonist, capsazepine. The channel can also be activated by protons. Under mildly acidic conditions (pH 6-7), the affinity of capsaicin for the receptor is increased, whereas at pH <6, direct activation of the channel occurs. In addition, when membrane temperature reaches 43°C, the channel is opened. Thus heat can directly gate the channel in the absence of ligand. The capsaicin analog, capsazepine, which is a competitive antagonist of capsaicin, blocks activation of the channel in response to capsaicin, acid, or heat.

The channel is a nonspecific cation conductor, tsotn extracellular soαium ana calcium enter through the channel pore, resulting in cell membrane depolarization. This depolarization increases neuronal excitability, leading to action potential firing and transmission of a noxious nerve impulse to the spinal cord. In addition, depolarization of the peripheral terminal can lead to release of inflammatory peptides such as, but not limited to, substance P and CGRP, leading to enhanced peripheral sensitization of tissue.

Recently, two groups have reported the generation of a "knock-out" mouse lacking the TRPVl receptor. Electrophysiological studies of sensory neurons (dorsal root ganglia) from these animals revealed a marked absence of responses evoked by noxious stimuli including capsaicin, heat, and reduced pH. These animals did not display any overt signs of behavioral impairment and showed no differences in responses to acute non-noxious thermal and mechanical stimulation relative to wild-type mice. The TRPVl (-/-) mice also did not show reduced sensitivity to nerve injury-induced mechanical or thermal nociception. However, the TRPVl knock-out mice were insensitive to the noxious effects of intradermal capsaicin, exposure to intense heat (50-55 ⁰ C), and failed to develop thermal hyperalgesia following the intradermal administration of carrageenan.

The compounds of the present application are novel TRPVl antagonists and have utility in treating pain, inflammatory hyperalgesia, ostheoarthritic pain, chronic lower pain, migraine, bladder overactivity, and urinary incontinence.

SUMMARY

The present application is directed to compounds of formula (I)

(I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein Li is a bond, alkylene, or cycloalkyl; Y ₁ Is -N(Rb)- Or -C(RSaRSb)S

Y ₂ is =0, =S or =N-CN;

Ari is aryl or heteroaryl when Li is cycloalkyl; or Ari is a monocyclic heterocycle fused to an aryl or a monocyclic heterocycle fused to a monocyclic heteroaryl when Li is a bond or alkylene; wherein each Ari is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents as represented by R _w , two R _w that are attached to the same carbon atom of the monocyclic heterocycle, together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, optionally form a monocyclic cycloalkyl ring wherein said monocyclic cycloalkyl ring is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of oxo, alkyl, and haloalkyl;

Ri is hydrogen, hydroxy or alkoxy;

R _w , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , and R5, are each independently hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylthio, alkynyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cyano, cyanoalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, formyl, formylalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, haloalkylthio, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, R ₆ OS(O) ₂ -, R _f R _g N-, (R _f R _g N)alkyl, (R _j R _k N)carbonyl, (R _j R _k N)carbonylalkyl or (R _j R _k N)sulfonyl;

Rsa is hydrogen or alkyl; Rsb is hydrogen or alkyl; or

Rsa and Rsb taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a 3-6 membered cycloalkyl ring;

R _b and R _c are each independently hydrogen or alkyl;

R _e is alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, or arylalkyl; R _f and R _g , at each occurrence, are each independently hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, arylalkyl, arylcarbonyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, heteroarylalkyl, or heteroarylcarbonyl; or

R _f and R _g taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring; and

R _J and R _k , at each occurrence, are each independently hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkyl, or hydroxyalkyl.

The inventions further relates to a pharmaceutical compostion comprising a

compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptaoie salt or solvate tnereot, ana one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, alone or in combination with one or more nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

The application is also directed to a method for inhibiting the TRPVl receptor in mammals using compounds of formula (I).

The application also provides a method of treating disorders, wherein the disorder is pain, especially, inflammatory hyperalgesia, ostheoarthritic pain, chronic lower pain, allodynia, migraine. Methods of controlling pain and treating bladder overactivity and urinary incontinence are also disclosed. Yet further, the invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of disease or disorders as defined herein below, alone or in combination with one or more nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary, but are not restrictive, of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Compounds

Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed in this invention,

(I) wherein Ar ₁ , L ₁ , R ₁ , R ₂ , R3, R ₄ , R5, Y ₁ , Y ₂ , and Y3, are defined above in the Summary of the Invention and below in the Detailed Description. Preferably, compounds of the invention are TRPVl antagonists. Further, compositions comprising such compounds and methods for treating conditions and disorders using such compounds and compositions are also disclosed.

In various embodiments, the present invention provides at least one variable that occurs more than one time in any substituent or in the compound of the invention or any

other formulae herein. Definition of a variable on eacn occurrence is mαepenαent ot its definition at another occurrence. Further, combinations of substituents are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds. Stable compounds are compounds, which can be isolated from a reaction mixture. Compounds of the application can have the formula (I) as described above. More particularly, compounds of formula (I) can include, but are not limited to compounds wherein Yi is -N(Rb)- or -C(R _8a R8b)-, Y3 is -N(Rc)-, and Y ₂ is either =0, =S or =N-CN. Preferred compounds are those in which Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y2 is O, and Y3 is-N(Rc)-. The compounds of the present application include compounds wherein Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y3 is-N(R _c )-, and Li is a 4-7 membered cycloalkyl ring. More particularly, Li is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl. Compounds of the present application include compounds wherein Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y3 is-N(R _c )-, Li is cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, and Ari is optionally substituted aryl, preferably optionally substituted phenyl. Compounds of the present invention also include those in which Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y3 is-N(Rc)-, and Li is a 4-7 membered cycloalkyl ring, and Ari is optionally substituted heteroaryl. The present application includes compounds in which Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y3 is-N(R _c )- and Li is a bond. Compounds included in this group may include those in which Ari is a monocyclic heterocycle fused to a phenyl, but also may include those in which Ari is a monocyclic heterocycle fused to a bicyclic aryl. Preferred compounds are those in which Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y ₃ is-N(Rc)-, U is a bond, Ar _x is 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3- yl, Ri is hydroxy; and R ₂ is hydrogen. Other preferred compounds are those in which Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y ₃ is-N(Rc)-, Li is a bond, Ari is 3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl, Ri is hydroxy; and R ₂ is hydrogen. Other preferred compounds include those wherein Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y ₃ is -N(R ₀ )-, Li is a bond, Ari is a monocyclic heterocycle fused to a bicyclic aryl, Ri is hydroxy, and R ₂ is hydrogen. For example, compounds of the invention include those wherein Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y ₃ is -N(R ₀ )-, Li is a bond, Ari is 3,4,7,8,9, 10-hexahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-4-yl, Ri is hydroxy, and R ₂ is hydrogen. Among the compounds of the present application are those in which Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y ₃ is-N(Rc)-, Li is a bond, Ari is a monocyclic heterocycle fused to a phenyl, (for example, Ari is l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-4-yl), Ri is hydroxy, and R ₂ is hydrogen. Also included are compounds wherein Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y ₃ is-N(R _c )- , Li is a bond, Ari is a monocyclic heterocycle fused to a phenyl, (for example, Ari is l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-3-yl), Ri is hydroxy, and R ₂ is hydrogen. The compounds of the present application also include compounds wherein Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y ₃ is-

N(R _C )-, and Li is alkylene. Within this group of compounα are included tnose in wnicn Y i is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y3 is-N(Rc)-, Li is alkylene (for example, Li is CH ₂ ), Ari is a monocyclic heterocycle fused to a phyenyl, (for example, Ari is 3,4-dihydro — 2H- chromen-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro — 2H-chromen-3-yl, or 3,4-dihydro — 2H-chromen-4-yl), Ri is hydroxy; and R ₂ is hydrogen.. Also included in the group are those in which Yi is -N(Rb)- , Y ₂ is O, and Y3 is-N(Rc)-, Li is alkylene (for example, Li is CH ₂ ), and Ari is 1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-quinolin-2-yl, l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin-3-yl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-quinolin- 4-yl, Ri is hydroxy; and R ₂ is hydrogen. Other included compounds are those in which Yi is -N(Rb)-, Y ₂ is O, and Y3 is-N(Rc)- , Li is alkylenyl or a bond, and Ari is a monocyclic heteroaryl.

Specific embodiments contemplated as part of the application include, but are not limited to compounds of formula (I), or salts or prodrugs thereof, for example: N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-{(3R)-3-[ 4- (trifluoromethy l)pheny 1] cyclohexy 1 } urea; N-{(3S)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]cyclopentyl}-N'-(7-hydrox y-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetra hydronaphthalen-l- yl)urea;

N-(8-tert-butyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-N'-(7-hydrox y-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-(7-met hoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H- chromen-3 -yl)urea;

N-(6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-N'-(7-hydroxy-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea; N-(8-tert-butyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl)-N'-(7-hydroxy-5 ,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-2H-benzo[h]chromen-4-yl-N'-(7-hy droxy-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-(6-met hyl-3,4-dihydro-2H- chromen-4-yl)urea;

N-[(4R)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7, 8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-[(4S)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7, 8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-(3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-ylmethyl)-N -( /-nyαroxyθ,θ, /,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-[(7-ethoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-yl)methyl]-N'-(7-li ydroxy-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea; N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-[(6-methy l-3,4-dihydro-2H- chromen-2-yl)methyl]urea;

N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-[(8-is opropyl-3,4-dihydro- 2H-chromen-2-yl)methyl]urea;

N-(8-tert-butyl-l-methyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl) -N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8- tetrahy dronaphthalen- 1 -y l)urea;

N-(l-benzyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-N'-(7-hydrox y-5,6,7,8- tetrahy dronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-[ 1 -benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3 -yl]-N'-(7-hydroxy- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)urea; N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-(l-methyl -l,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)urea;

N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-[l-met hyl-7- (trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl]urea;

N-(l-benzyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-N'-(7-hydrox y-5,6,7,8- tetrahy dronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N-[ 1 -benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3 -yl]-N'-(7-hydroxy- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)urea;

N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-(l-met hyl-l,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolin-3 -yl)urea; N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-[l-methyl -7-

(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl]urea;

N-[(l-benzyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl)methyl]-N'-( 7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8- tetrahy dronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea;

N- { [ 1 -benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl]methyl} -N'-(7- hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaprithalen-l-yl)urea;

N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-{[l-me thyl-7- (trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl]methyl}urea;

N-(7-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-{(3R)- 3-[4- (trifluoromethy l)pheny 1] cyclohexy 1 } urea; and

N-{(3S)-3-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]cyclopentyi)-iN -( /-nyαroxyθ,θ, /,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)urea.

Definition of Terms All patents, patent applications, and literature references cited in the specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. In the case of inconsistencies, the present disclosure, including definitions, will prevail.

As used throughout this specification and the appended claims, the following terms have the following meanings: The term "alkenyl" as used herein, means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing from 2 to 10 carbons and containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond formed by the removal of two hydrogens. Representative examples of alkenyl include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 4-pentenyl, 5- hexenyl, 2-heptenyl, 2-methyl-l-heptenyl, and 3-decenyl. The term "alkoxy" as used herein, means an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. Representative examples of alkoxy include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 2-propoxy, butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, and hexyloxy.

The term "alkoxyalkoxy" as used herein, means an alkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through another alkoxy group, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkoxyalkoxy include, but are not limited to, tert- butoxymethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy, 2 -methoxy ethoxy, and methoxymethoxy.

The term "alkoxyalkyl" as used herein, means an alkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkoxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, tert-butoxymethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, and methoxymethyl.

The term "alkoxycarbonyl" as used herein, means an alkoxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkoxycarbonyl include, but are not limited to, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, and tert-butoxycarbonyl.

The term "alkoxycarbonylalkyl" as used herein, means an alkoxycarbonyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkoxycarbonylalkyl include, but are not limited to, 3-methoxycarbonylpropyl, 4-ethoxycarbonylbutyl, and 2-tert-

butoxycarbonylethyl.

The term "alkyl" as used herein, means a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Representative examples of alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec -butyl, iso- butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2- dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, and n-decyl.

The term "alkylcarbonyl" as used herein, means an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkylcarbonyl include, but are not limited to, acetyl, 1- oxopropyl, 2,2-dimethyl-l-oxopropyl, 1-oxobutyl, and 1-oxopentyl.

The term "alkylcarbonylalkyl" as used herein, means an alkylcarbonyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. Representative examples of alkylcarbonylalkyl include, but are not limited to, 2-oxopropyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxopropyl, 3-oxobutyl, and 3-oxopentyl. The term "alkylcarbonyloxy" as used herein, means an alkylcarbonyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. Representative examples of alkylcarbonyloxy include, but are not limited to, acetyloxy, ethylcarbonyloxy, and tert-butylcarbonyloxy.

The term "alkylthio" as used herein, means an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom. Representative examples of alkylthio include, but are not limited, methylthio, ethylthio, tert-butylthio, and hexylthio.

The term "alkynyl" as used herein, means a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group containing from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. Representative examples of alkynyl include, but are not limited, to acetylenyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 3-butynyl, 2-pentynyl, and 1-butynyl.

The term "aryl," as used herein, means phenyl, a bicyclic aryl or a tricyclic aryl. The bicyclic aryl is naphthyl, or a phenyl fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl, or a phenyl fused to a monocyclic cycloalkenyl. The bicyclic aryl of the present application are attached to the parent molecular moiety through any available carbon atom contained within the bicyclic aryl group. Representative examples of the bicyclic aryl include, but are not limited to, dihydroindenyl, indenyl, naphthyl, dihydronaphthalenyl, and 1,2,3,4- tetrahydronaphthalenyl. The tricyclic aryl is a bicyclic aryl fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl, or a bicyclic aryl fused to a monocyclic cycloalkenyl, or a bicyclic aryl fused

to a phenyl. The tricyclic aryl is attached to the parent molecular moiety tnrougn any substitutable carbon atom contained within the tricyclic aryl. Representative examples of tricyclic aryls include, but are not limited to, anthracene, phenanthrene, dihydroanthracenyl, fluorenyl, and tetrahydrophenanthrenyl. The aryl groups of this application are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfinylalkyl, alkylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, alkynyl, arylalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cyano, cyanoalkyl, formyl, formylalkyl, halogen, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, nitro, oxo, -NZiZ ₂ and (NZ ₃ Z ₄ )carbonyl, unless stated otherwise; and wherein the aryl moiety of the arylalkyl is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and halogen. The term "arylalkyl" as used herein, means an aryl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. Representative examples of arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, and 2-naphth-2-ylethyl.

The term "arylcarbonyl," as used herein, means a aryl group appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein.

The term "azido" as used herein, means a -N ₃ group.

The term "carbonyl" as used herein, means a -C(O)- group.

The term "carboxy" as used herein, means a -CO ₂ H group.

The term "carboxyalkyl" as used herein, means a carboxy group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. Representative examples of carboxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxy ethyl, and 3-carboxypropyl.

The term "cyano" as used herein, means a -CN group.

The term "cyanoalkyl" as used herein, means a cyano group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. Representative examples of cyanoalkyl include, but are not limited to, cyanomethyl, 2- cyanoethyl, and 3-cyanopropyl.

The term "cycloalkenyl" as used herein, means a monocyclic or bicyclic ring system containing from 3 to 10 carbons and containing at least one carbon-carbon double

bond. Representative examples of monocyclic ring systems include, out are not limited to, 2-cyclohexen-l-yl, 3-cyclohexen-l-yl, 2,4-cyclohexadien-l-yl and 3-cyclopenten-l-yl. Bicyclic ring systems are exemplified by a monocyclic cycloalkenyl ring fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl ring, or a monocyclic cycloalkenyl ring fused to a monocyclic cycloalkenyl ring. The bicyclic cycloalkenyl groups of the present application are appended to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable carbon atom within the group. Representative examples of bicyclic cycloalkenyls include, but are not limited to 4,5-dihydro-benzo[l,2,5]oxadiazole, 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7a-hexahydro-lH-indenyl, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexahydro-pentalenyl and 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 8a-octahydro-pentalenyl. The term "cycloalkyl" as used herein, means a monocyclic or bicyclic cycloalkyls.

Monocyclic cycloalkyls are exemplified by saturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the rings. Examples of monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl. Bicyclic cycloalkyl groups of the present application are exemplified by a monocyclic cycloalkyl fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl. The bicyclic cycloalkyl groups of the present application are appended to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable carbon atom within the groups. Representative examples of bicyclic cycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, and bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane. The cycloalkenyl and the cycloalkyl groups of the present application are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxysulfonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylsulfonyl, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, alkynyl, carboxy, cyano, formyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, oxo, -NZiZ ₂ or (NZ ₃ Z ₄ )carbonyl, unless stated otherwise.

The term "cycloalkylalkyl," as used herein, means a cycloalkyl group appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. The term "formyl" as used herein, means a -C(O)H group. The term "formylalkyl" as used herein, means a formyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. The term "halo" or "halogen" as used herein, means -Cl, -Br, -I or -F. The term "haloalkoxy" as used herein, means means an alkoxy group, as defined herein, in which one, two, three, four, five or six hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen. Representative examples of haloalkoxy include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethoxy,

difluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, and 2,2-difluoroetnoxy.

The term "haloalkyl" as used herein, means at least one halogen, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. Representative examples of haloalkyl include, but are not limited to, chloromethyl, 2- fluoroethyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, and 2-chloro-3-fluoropentyl.

The term "haloalkylthio" as used herein, means an alkyl group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom.

The term "heteroaryl," as used herein, means a monocyclic heteroaryl or a bicyclic heteroaryl. The monocyclic heteroaryl is a 5 or 6 membered ring containing at least one heteroatom independently selected from the group consisting of O, N, and S. The 5 membered ring contains two double bonds and may contain one, two, three or four heteroatoms. The 6 membered ring contains three double bonds and may contain one, two, three or four heteroatoms. The 5 or 6 membered heteroaryl is connected to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom or any nitrogen atom contained within the heteroaryl. Representative examples of monocyclic heteroaryl include, but are not limited to, furyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, and triazinyl. The bicyclic heteroaryl consists of a monocyclic heteroaryl fused to a phenyl, or a monocyclic heteroaryl fused to a monocyclic cycloalkyl, or monocyclic heteroaryl fused to a monocyclic cycloalkenyl, or monocyclic heteroaryl fused to a monocyclic heteroaryl, or monocyclic heteroaryl fused to a monocyclic heterocycle. The bicyclic heteroaryl groups of the present application are appended to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable carbon atom within the groups. -Representative examples of bicyclic heteroaryls include, but are not limited to, benzofuranyl, benzoxadiazolyl, 1,3- benzothiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzothiophenyl, chromenyl, cinnolinyl, furopyridine, indolyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolinyl, naphthyridinyl, oxazolopyridine, quinolinyl, thienopyridine and thienopyridinyl.

The heteroaryl groups of the present application are optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkoxysulfonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylthio, alkylthioalkyl, alkynyl, arylalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cyano, cyanoalkyl, formyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, mercapto, nitro, oxo, -NZ ₁ Z ₂ or (NZ ₃ Z ₄ )carbonyl, unless stated otherwise, and wherein the aryl moiety of the arylalkyl is

optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents selected trom me group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, and halogen; unless otherwise stated. Heteroaryl groups of the present application that are substituted with hydroxyl groups may be present as tautomers. The heteroaryl rings of the present application encompasse all tautomers including non-aromatic tautomers.

The term "heteroarylalkyl," as used herein, means a heteroaryl group appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein.

The term "heteroarylcarbonyl," as used herein, means a heteroaryl group appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein. The term "monocyclic heterocycle" or "monocyclic heterocyclic" as used herein, is a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring containing at least one heteroatom independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. The 3 or 4 membered ring contains 1 heteroatom selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. The 5 membered ring contains zero or one double bond and one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. The 6 or 7 membered ring contains zero, one or two double bonds and one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N and S. The monocyclic heterocycle is connected to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable carbon atom within the monocyclic heterocycle. Representative examples of monocyclic heterocycle include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl, azepanyl, aziridinyl, diazepanyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,3-dithiolanyl, 1,3-dithianyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxadiazolinyl, oxadiazolidinyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyranyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran, tetrahydrothienyl, thiadiazolinyl, thiadiazolidinyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1,1-dioxidothiomorpholinyl (thiomorpholine sulfone), thiopyranyl, and trithianyl.

The term "hydroxy" as used herein, means an -OH group. The term "hydroxyalkyl" as used herein, means at least one hydroxy group, as defined herein, is appended to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylene group, as defined herein. Representative examples of hydroxyalkyl include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl, 2 -hydroxy ethyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2,3-dihydroxypentyl, and 2-ethyl-4- hydroxyheptyl.

The term "hydroxy-protecting group" or "O-protecting group" means a substituent that protects hydroxyl groups against undesirable reactions during synthetic procedures.

Examples of hydroxy -protecting groups include, but are not limited to, suDstituteα metnyi ethers, for example, methoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl, 2-methoxyethoxymethyl, 2- (trimethylsilyl)-ethoxymethyl, benzyl, and triphenylmethyl, tetrahydropyranyl ethers, substituted ethyl ethers, for example, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl and t-butyl, silyl ethers, for example, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl and t-butyldiphenylsilyl, cyclic acetals and ketals, for example, methylene acetal, acetonide and benzylidene acetal, cyclic ortho esters, for example, methoxymethylene, cyclic carbonates, and cyclic boronates. Commonly used hydroxy-protecting groups are disclosed in T. W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999).

The term "mercapto" as used herein, means a -SH group.

The term "nitrogen protecting group" as used herein, means those groups intended to protect an amino group against undesirable reactions during synthetic procedures. Preferred nitrogen protecting groups are acetyl, benzoyl, benzyl, benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), formyl, phenylsulfonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), tert-butylacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, and triphenylmethyl (trityl).

The term "nitro" as used herein, means a -NO ₂ group. The term "NZiZ ₂ " as used herein, means two groups, Zi and Z ₂ , which are appended to the parent molecular moiety through a nitrogen atom. Zi and Z ₂ are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, or formyl. In certain instances within the present invention, Zi and Z ₂ taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a monocyclic heterocycle wherein said monocyclic heterocycle is optionally substituted with 1, 2, 3, or 4 substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, haloalkyl, and oxo. Representative examples OfNZiZ ₂ include, but are not limited to, amino, methylamino, acetylamino, acetylmethylamino, phenylamino, benzylamino, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl.

The term "NZ ₃ Z ₄ " as used herein, means two groups, Z ₃ and Z ₄ , which are appended to the parent molecular moiety through a nitrogen atom. Z ₃ and Z ₄ are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or haloalkyl. Representative examples OfNZ ₃ Z ₄ include, but are not limited to, amino, methylamino, phenylamino and benzylamino.

The term "(NZ ₃ Z ₄ )carbonyl" as used herein, means a NZ ₃ Z ₄ group, as defined herein, appended to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group, as defined herein. Representative examples of (NZ ₃ Z ₄ )carbonyl include, but are not limited to, aminocarbonyl, (methylamino)carbonyl, (dimethylamino)carbonyl, and

(ethylmethylamino)carbonyl.

The term "oxo" as used herein, means a =0 moiety.

The term "sulfinyl" as used herein, means a -S(O)- group.

The term "sulfonyl" as used herein, means a -SO ₂ - group. The term "tautomer" as used herein means a proton shift from one atom of a compound to another atom of the same compound wherein two or more structurally distinct compounds are in equilibrium with each other.

Compounds of the present application may exist as stereoisomers wherein, asymmetric or chiral centers are present. These stereoisomers are "R" or "S" depending on the configuration of substituents around the chiral carbon atom. The terms "R" and "S" used herein are configurations as defined in IUPAC 1974 Recommendations for Section E, Fundamental Stereochemistry, Pure Appl. Chem., 1976, 45: 13-30. The present application contemplates various stereoisomers and mixtures thereof and these are specifically included within the scope of this application. Stereoisomers include enantiomers and diastereomers, and mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers. Individual stereoisomers of compounds of the present application may be prepared synthetically from commercially available starting materials that contain asymmetric or chiral centers or by preparation of racemic mixtures followed by resolution which is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. These methods of resolution are exemplified by (1) attachment of a mixture of enantiomers to a chiral auxiliary, separation of the resulting mixture of diastereomers by recrystallization or chromatography and liberation of the optically pure product from the auxiliary or (2) direct separation of the mixture of optical enantiomers on chiral chromatographic columns.

Compounds of the formula (I) contain at least 2 stereogenic centers. Two sterogenic centers contained within the compounds of the present application are contained within Li which is defined as cycloalkyl. The stereogenic carbon atoms of the cycloalkyl ring influence the absolute and relative stereocofigurations of the compounds of the present application. The binding properties of TRPVl antagonists of the present application are directly influenced by the absolute and relative stereoconfiguration of the stereocenters contained within the cycloalkyl ring.

The compounds and processes of the present application will be better understood by reference to the following Examples, which are intended as an illustration of and not a limitation upon the scope of the application. Further, all citations herein are incorporated by reference.

Compounds of the application were named by AUJJ/unemt>κetcn version s.υi (developed by Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada) or were given names consistent with ACD nomenclature. Alternatively, compounds were assigned names using ChemDraw Ultra 9.0 (or higher version) (Cambridgesoft). The practice of assigning names to chemical compounds from structures, and of assigning chemical structures from given chemical names is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Preparation of Compounds

The compounds of this application can be prepared by a variety of synthetic procedures. Representative procedures are shown in, but are not limited to, Schemes 1-14.

Scheme 1

As outlined in Scheme 1, compounds of formula 5, wherein Ar ₁ , L ₁ , R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ and n are defined in formula (I), which are representative of compounds of the present application, may be prepared accordingly. Compounds of formula J_, wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , R ₄ , R ₅ and n are defined in formula (I) which may be obtained from commercial sources or may be prepared according to procedures known in the literature or through methods known to one skilled in the art, when treated with compounds of formula 2 (N-N'- disuccuinimidyl carbonate), in a solvent such as but not limited to acetonitrile will provide compounds of formula 3.. Compounds of formula 3 _^ when treated with a compound of formula 4, wherein Li and Ar ₁ are defined in formula (I) which may be obtained from commercial sources or may be prepared from known literature procedures or through methods known to one skilled in the art, in a solvent such as but not limited to acetonitrile or THF will provide compounds of formula 5.

Scheme 2

Alternatively, compounds of formula 3 _. described in Scheme 1, when treated with compounds of formula 6, wherein Li and Ari are defined in formula (I) which may be obtained from commercial sources or may be prepared according to procedures known in the literature or may be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art, in the presence of a base such as but not limited to diisopropylethylamine or triethylamine in a solvent such as but not limited to acetonitrile or THF will provide compounds of formula 7 which are representative of compounds of the present application when Y3 is -O-.

Scheme 3

Alternatively when compounds of formula 1, wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R3, R ₄ , R5, n, Li and Ar ₁ are defined in formula (I), when treated with the compound of formula S (20% phosgene in toluene) in the presence of DMAP (> 2 equivalents) in a solvent such as but not limited to dichloromethane, will provide compounds of formula JJ_. Compounds of formula JJ_ when treated with compounds of formula 4, which are described in Scheme 1, will provide compounds of formula 5 which are representative of compounds of formula (I) when Y ₃ is -NH-. Alternatively, compounds of formula JJ_ when treated with

compounds of formula 6, which are described in Scneme ι _t win provide compounαs oi formula 7 which are representative of compounds of formula (I) when Y ₃ is -O-.

Scheme 4

As outlined in Scheme 4, compounds of formula 12, wherein r is 1 or 2, s is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and Ari is as defined in formula (I), when treated with O-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine or a mixture ethanol and pyridine will provide compounds of formula j_3. Compounds of formula j_3 when treated with Raney Nickel or a palladium catalyst such as 5-10% palladium under a pressurized atmosphere of hydrogen in a solvent such as ethanol, will provide compounds of formula J_4. Typical conditions for the transformation of compounds of formula j_3 into compounds of formula 14 include shaking or stirring the mixture of compound of formula j_3 and the Raney -Nickel or a palladium catalyst under 40-70 psi of hydrogen at ambient temperature for 1-4 hours followed by filtration of the catalyst. Compounds of formula 14 when treated with compounds of formula 3_, described in Scheme 1, will provide compounds of formula 15 which are representative of compounds of the present application. Alternatively, compounds of formula j_4 may be obtained through a reductive amination of compounds of formula 12 with benzylamine using sodium borohydride followed by treatment of the product with palladium on carbon or another benzyl reducing catalyst in the presence of hydrogen.

Scheme 5

Alternatively compound of formula j_4, wherein r is 1 or 2, s is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and Ari is as defined in formula (I), when treated with the compound of formula 2 as defined in Scheme 1 , will provide compounds of formula Jj5. Compounds of formula Jj5 when treated with compounds of formula 1, as defined in Scheme 1, will provide compounds of formula J_5 which are representative of compounds of the present application.

Scheme 6

When compounds of formula 1, wherein R ₁ , R ₂ , R3, R ₄ , R5 and n are defined in formula (I), and compounds of formula 16, wherein Ari and Li are defined in formula (I) are treated according to standard carboxylic acid amine coupling conditions known to one skilled in the art will provide compounds of formula j/7 which are representative of compounds of the present application wherein Y3 is a bond. Standard carboxylic acid amine coupling conditions include stirring the mixture of the carboxylic acid and the amine with a coupling reagent such as but not limited to l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), bis(2- oxo-3 -oxazolidinyl)phosphinic chloride (BOPCl), O-(7-azabenzotriazol-l-yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) or O-benzotriazol-l-yl-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) with or without an auxiliary reagent such as but not limited to 1 -hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAT) or 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole

hydrate (HOBT) in a solvent such as but not limited to αicniorometnane.

23 22 As outlined in Scheme 7, compounds of formula 23 _. which are representative of heterocycles Ar ₁ , may be prepared as outlined. Compounds of formula J_8 wherein R ₉ is alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl or halogen, and p is 0, 1 , 2 or 3 when treated with acrylonitrile and DABCO® under heated condition will provide compounds of formula Jj). Compounds of formula J_8 may be obtained from commercial sources or may be prepared according to procedures known to one skilled in the art. Compounds of formula Jj) when treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide under heated conditions will provide compounds of formula 20. Compounds of formula 20 when heated in the presence of DPPA and triethylamine in toluene followed by heating in the presence of 6M hydrochloric acid will provide compounds of formula 2J_. Compounds of formula 2J_ when treated with O- methylhydroxylamine in pyridine or a mixture of pyridine and ethanol will provide compounds of formula 22. Compounds of formula 22 when treated with an atmosphere of hydrogen in the presence of Raney-nickel in a solvent such as methanol containing anhydrous ammonia gas will provide compounds of formula 23_. Alternatively, compounds of formula 2J_ when treated with ammonium acetate followed by treatment with sodium cyanoborohydride in a solvent such as but not limited to THF will provide compounds of formula 23_. In addition, the ketone of compound of formula 2J_, may be treated with benzyl amine followed by the addition of sodium cyanoborohydride will provide the benzyl protected amine. The benzyl protecting group may be removed by treatment with an atmosphere of hydrogen and a palladium catalyst such as 10 %

palladium on carbon in a solvent such as methanol witn or witnout a catalytic amount ot acetic acid to provide compounds of formula 23 _. .

As outlined in Scheme 8, compounds of formula 28 which are representative of heterocycles Ar _{1 ;} may be prepared as outlined. Compounds of formula 24, wherein Rg and p are as defined in Scheme 7 which are available from commercial sources or may be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art, when treated with 3- bromo-1-propyne and potassium carbonate in acetonitrile will provide compounds of formula 25. Compounds of formula 25 when treated with N-chlorosuccinimide and silver acetate in acetone under heated conditions will provide compounds of formula 26. Compounds of formula 26 when heated in a solvent such as but not limited to ethylene glycol will provide compounds of formula 27. Compounds of formula 27 when treated with 0-methylhydroxylamine in pyridine or a mixture of pyridine and ethanol will provide the O-methyl oxime which when treated with an atmosphere of hydrogen in the presence of Raney -nickel in a solvent such as methanol containing anhydrous ammonia gas will provide compounds of formula 28. Alternatively, compounds of formula 27 when treated with ammonium acetate and sodium cyanoborohydride in a solvent such as but not limited to THF will provide compounds of formula 28. In addition, the ketone may also be subjected to reductive amination conditions in the presence of benzylamine followed by hydrogenation to remove the benzyl group to provide compounds of formula 28, which may be treated according to the procedures outlined above to generate compounds of formula (I).

Scheme 9

As outlined in Scheme 9, compounds of formula 3_5 which are representative of heterocycles Ar ₁ , may be prepared accordingly. Compounds of formula 29, wherein R ₉ and p are defined in Scheme 7, which may be obtained from commercial sources or may be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art, when treated with 3 equivalents of methyl lithium in THF at about -70 ⁰ C then allowing the mixture to warm to ambient temperature will provide compounds of formula 30. Compounds of formula 30 when treated with diethyl oxalate and sodium ethoxide in ethanol under heated conditions will provide compounds of formula 3J_. The hydrolysis of the ester functional group of compounds of formula 3J_ with aqueous 12 N HCl in acetic acid under heated conditions will to provide compounds of formula 32. Compounds of formula 32 when treated with 10 % palladium on carbon and an atmosphere of hydrogen in acetic acid heated to temperatures of about 70 ⁰ C will provide compounds of formula 33_. Compounds of formula 3_3 when treated with oxalyl chloride and a catalytic amount of DMF in dichloromethane will provide the acid chloride which when subjected to ammonia gas in dioxane or concentrated ammonium hydroxide in dioxane or THF will provide compounds of formula 34. Compounds of formula 34 when treated with lithium aluminum hydride in THF under heated conditions will provide compounds of formula 3_5, which may be treated according to the procedures outlined above to generate compounds of formula (I).

Scheme 10

As outlined in Scheme 10, compounds of formula 42 which are representative of heterocycles Ar ₁ , may be prepared accordingly. Compounds of formula 36 which are available from commercial sources or may be obtained through methods known to one skilled in the art, wherein Rg and p are as described above, when treated with oxetan 2-one (37) in acetonitrile under heated conditions will provide compounds of formula 38 _. . Compounds of formula 3S_ when treated with Eaton' reagent (7.7 weight % phosphorous pentoxide in methane sulfonic acid) under heated conditions will provide compounds of formula 39. Compounds of formula 3£ when treated with reagents that will protect amine functional groups as known to one skilled in the art or as outlined in T. W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999) will provide compounds of formula 40. Compounds of formula 40 when treated with 0-methylhydroxylamine in pyridine will provide compounds of formula 41. Compounds of formula 4J_ when treated with an atmosphere of hydrogen in the presence of Raney-nickel in a solvent such as methanol containing anhydrous ammonia gas will provide compounds of formula 42, which may be treated according to the procedures outlined above to generate compounds of formula (I).

Scheme 11

As outlined in Scheme 11, compounds of formula 36 which are representative of heterocycles Ar ₁ , may be prepared accordingly. Alternatively, compounds of formula 36 when treated with compounds of formula 43. in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate in solvents such as but not limited to dichloromethane or acetonitrile will provide compounds of formula 44. Compounds of formula 44 when treated with sodium tert-butoxide in DMF will provide compounds of formula 45. Compounds of formula 45 when treated with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloroethane under heated conditions will provide compounds of formula 39. Similary, compounds of formula 39 when treated according to the procedures outlined in Scheme 10 will generate compounds of formula 42. which may be treated according to the procedures outlined above to generate compounds of formula (I).

Scheme 12

As outlined in Scheme 12, compounds of formula 5J_ which are representative of heterocycles Ar ₁ , may be prepared accordingly. Compounds of formula 46 which may be obtained through commercial sources or may be generated through methods known to one

skilled in the art, wherein Rg and p are as defined above, wnen neateα in me presence ot an atmosphere of hydrogen and 10% palladium on carbon in a solvent such as ethanol will generate compounds of formula 47. Compounds of formula 48 when treated with a reagent that will protect an amine functional group as described in Scheme 10 will provide compounds of formula 48. Compounds of formula 48 when treated with sodium, lithium or potassium hydroxide in an aqueous alcoholic solvent will provide compounds of formula 49. Compounds of formula 49 when treated with diphenylphosphoryl azide and triethylamine in tert-butanol under heated conditions will provide compounds of formula 50. Compounds of formula 50 when treated with hydrochloric in acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane will provide compounds of formula 5\_, which may be treated according to the procedures outlined above to generate compounds of formula (I)-

Scheme 13

As outlined in Scheme 13, compounds of formula 5_5 which are representative of heterocycles Ar ₁ , may be prepared accordingly. Similarly, compounds of formula 5J_ when treated with an atmosphere of hydrogen in the presence of 5% palladium on carbon in a solvent such as acetic acid will provide compounds of formula 52. The amine functional group of compounds of formula 52 may be protected through methods known to one skilled in the art or as described in the literature as listed in Scheme 10, will provide compounds of formula 53 _. . Compounds of formula 53 _. when treated with ammonia gas in methanol in a sealed vessel under heated conditions will generate compounds of formula 54. The treatment of compounds of formula 54 with lithium aluminum hydride in THF under mild heated conditions will generate compounds of formula 55, which may be treated according to the procedures outlined above to generate compounds of formula (I).

Scheme 14

As outlined in Scheme 14, compounds of formula compounds of formula 58, wherein R ₃ , R ₄ and R ₅ are defined in formula (I), which are used in the preparation of compounds of formula (I) may be obtained from commercial sources or may be prepared accordingly. Compounds of formula 56 which contain both a hydroxyl and an amine functional group when subjected to 1300 psi of hydrogen gas in the presence of Raney- nickel and sodium hydroxide in ethanol at about 80 ⁰ C will provide compounds of formula 57. The hydroxyl group of compounds of formula 57 may be protected according to conditions known to one skilled in the art or through methods outlined in T. W. Greene and P.G.M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1999) to provide compounds of formula 58, which may be treated according to the procedures outlined above to generate compounds of formula (I). It is understoond that the foregoing schemes are described for illustrative purposes and that routine experimentation, including appropriate manipulation of the sequence of the synthetic route, protection of any chemical functionality that are not compatible with the reaction conditions and the removal of such protecting groups are included in the scope of the application. Examples

The following Examples are intended as an illustration of and not a limitation upon the scope of the application as defined in the appended claims.

Example 1 N-(3.4-Dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-N'-(7-hydroxy-5.6.7.8-tetrah ydronaphthalen-l-yl)urea

Example IA

2H-Chromene-3 -carbonitrile

A microwave vessel was charged with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (Aldrich, 3.0 mL,

28.6 mmol), acrylonitrile (9.4 mL, 143 mmol) and l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (0.80 g, 7.2mmol), and heated in a microwave Personal Chemistry at 9O ⁰ C for 13 hours. Sodium

hydroxide (IN, 200 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted twice witn etnyi acetate (200 mL), and the combined organic layer washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-20% ethyl acetate in hexane providing the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 4.88 (d, J=1.36 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 7.01 (td, J=7.46, 1.01 Hz, IH), 7.30 (m, 2H), 7.58 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 175.05 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example IB 2H-Chromene-3-carboxylic acid Example IA (3.543g, 22.5mmol), 50 w% sodium hydroxide (25 mL) and water (50 mL)were heated to reflux for 4 hours. After cooling to ambient temperature, water was added (500 mL) and the mixture was acidified with 6N hydrochloric acid (80 mL) to precipitate the product. The solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze dried to obtain the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-fik) δ ppm 4.91 (d, J=1.36 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.95 (td, J=7.46, 1.01 Hz, IH), 7.26 (td, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH), 7.32 (dd, J=7.46, 1.70 Hz, IH), 7.44 (s, IH), 12.82 (br s, IH). MS (EI) m/z 176.10 (M) ⁺ .

Example 1C Chroman-3-one Example IB (3.472 g, 19.7 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (45 mL) to which was added triethylamine (3.5 mL) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (5.97 g, 21.7 mmol) in toluene (20 mL). The flask was equipped with a Dean-Stark trap and the mixture was heated to reflux. Toluene (45 mL) was added after one hour and the mixture was reflux for an 2 additional hours after which it was cooled to ambient temperature. 6N hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and toluene (20 mL) were added and the biphasic mixture refluxed for 3.5 hours followed by cooling to ambient temperature. Ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (100 mL) were added, and the seperated organic layer was washed sequentially with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2x100 mL), brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 3.68 (s, 2H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 7.04 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 148.04 (M+NH ₄ -H ₂ O) ⁺ .

Example ID

Chroman-3-one 0-methyl oxime

Methoxylamine hydrochloride (1.23 g, 14.8 mmol) was added to a solution of

Example 1C (1.99 g, 13.4 mmol) in pyridine (30 mL) and stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated to a yellow residue and ethyl acetate (200 mL) and IN hydrochloric acid (200 mL) were added. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to- 20% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 3.72 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 6.89 (dd, J=8.14, 1.36 Hz, IH), 6.96 (td, J=7.46, 1.36 Hz, IH), 7.14 (m, IH), 7.21 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 178.07 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example IE Chroman-3 -amine Example ID (2.027 g, 11.4 mmol), Raney nickel (10.0 g), and 20% ammonia in anhydrous methanol (20 mL) were shaken under an atomosphere of hydrogen (60 psi) for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.61 (br s, 2H), 2.46 (dd, J=16.28, 9.16 Hz, IH), 2.87 (dd, J=15.94, 3.73 Hz, IH), 3.10 (m, IH), 3.57 (dd, J=IO.17, 8.82 Hz, IH), 4.06 (ddd, J=10.26, 3.48, 1.86 Hz, IH), 6.72 (dd, J=8.48, 1.35 Hz, IH), 6.80 (td, J=7.46, 1.36 Hz, IH), 7.04 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 150.07 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example IF

8-Amino-1.2.3.4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol A hydrogenation reaction vessel was charged with 8-aminonaphthalen-2-ol

(Aldrich, 5.0 g, 31.4 mmol), 50% w/w sodium hydroxide (0.2 g, 2.5 mmol) and Raney nickel (slurry in water, 40% weight load, 2.0 g) in ethanol (100 mL). The vessel was purged with hydrogen gas several times before sealing under a hydrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 1300 psi followed by heating to 85 ⁰ C. After 6 hours the mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.44-1.68 (m, IH), 1.79-1.94 (m, IH), 2.20 (dd, J=16.48, 7.63 Hz, IH), 2.56-2.85 (m, 3H), 3.85-3.99 (m, IH), 4.63 (s, 2H), 4.75 (d, J=4.12 Hz, IH), 6.30 (d, J=7.48 Hz, IH), 6.44 (d, J=7.78 Hz, IH), 6.78 (t, J=7.63 Hz, IH). ¹³ C

NMR (126 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 27.35, 31.41, 3.3.36, fo.81, I l Lib, 116.48, 119. Ii, 125.53, 136.00, 146.12. MS (DCI) m/z 164.06 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example IG

7-(ter?-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- l-amine A mixture of Example IF (2.33 g, 14.3 mmol), tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane (2.6 g, 17.2 mmol) and imidazole (2.9 g, 42.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) were stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was then washed several times with water and once with brine. The organic layer was separated and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Filtration and concentration afforded the title compound. ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-έfe) δ ppm 0.09 (s, 6H), 0.88 (s, 9H), 1.63 (m, IH), 1.82 (m, IH), 2.24 (m, IH),

2.75 (m, 3H), 4.11 (m, IH), 4.7 (br s, 2H), 6.28 (d, J=7.4 Hz, IH), 6.42 (d, J=7.8 Hz, IH), 6.77 (dd, J=7.8, 7.4 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 278 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example IH N-(3,4-Dihvdro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-N'-(7-hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahy dronaphthalen-l-yl)urea To di-(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (Fluka, 538 mg, 2.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example IE (298 mg, 2.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel plug, rinsed with 1/1 ethyl acetate/hexane and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1- (7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen -l-yl)-3-(chroman-3-yl)-urea. This intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 6.0 mL, 6.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed sequentially with IN sodium hydroxide (200 mL), water (200 mL) and brine. The organic layer was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and vacuum dried overnight to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 1.56 (m, IH), 1.84 (m, IH), 2.27 (m, IH), 2.74 (m, 4H), 3.09 (dd, J=16.95, 3.09 Hz, IH), 3.89 (m,

IH), 4.02 (m, IH), 4.12 (m, 2H), 4.82 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 6.69 (d, J=I .12 Hz, IH), 6.85 (m, 3H), 6.97 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.11 (m, 2H), 7.61 (s, IH), 7.69 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 339.10 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₀ H ₂₂ N ₂ O ₃ • 0.15 EtOAc: C 70.37, H 6.65, N 7.97;

Found: C 70.34, H 6.70, N 8.04.

Example 2 N-(8-tert-Butyl-3λ-dihvdro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-N'-(7-hvdroxy-5 .6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea Example 2A

8-ter?-Butyl-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile

3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (Aldrich, 4.0 mL, 23.4 mmol), acrylonitrile (7.7 mL, 117 mmol), and l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (0.66 g, 5.8 mmol) were heated in a microwave Personal Chemistry at 95 ⁰ C for 5 hours. Sodium hydroxide (IN, 200 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 1.31 (s, 9H), 4.85 (d, J=1.36 Hz, 2H), 6.97 (t, J=7.63 Hz, IH), 7.16 (dd, J=7.63, 1.53 Hz, IH), 7.29 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH), 7.58 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 231.10 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 2B

8-ter?-Butyl-2H-chromene-3 -carboxylic acid

Example 2A (2.25 g, 12.0 mmol), 50w% sodium hydroxide (25 mL), water (75 mL) and ethanol (50 mL) were heated at reflux for 6 hours. The mixture was cooled, water (500 mL) was added and the mixture was acidified with 6N hydrochloric acid (80 mL) to afford a precipitate. The mixture was filtered, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.32 (s, 9H), 4.86 (d, J=1.36 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (t, J=7.63 Hz, IH), 7.21 (dd, J=I 1.53, 1.70 Hz, IH), 7.23 (dd, J=I 1.70, 1.53 Hz, IH), 7.43 (t, J=I.19 Hz, IH), 12.79 (br s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 250.10 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 2C

8-ter?-Butylchroman-3 -one

Example 2B (3.865 g, 16.6 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (45 mL). Triethylamine (3.5 mL) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (5.04 g, 18.3 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) were added. The flask was equipped with a Dean-Stark trap and heated to reflux. Toluene (45 mL) was added after one hour, and the mixture continued to reflux for 1.5 additional hours after which it was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. Hydrochloric

acid (6N, 50 mL) and toluene (10 mL) were added ana me Dipnasic mixture was neateα at reflux for 2 hours then cooled to ambient temperature. Ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (100 mL) were added, and the organic layer was washed twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), then with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered concentrated under reduced pressure and purified on silica gel eluting with 0-to-30% ethyl acetate in hexane afforded the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 1.36 (s, 9H), 3.66 (s, 2H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 6.99 (t, J=7.63 Hz, IH), 7.08 (dd, J=7.29, 1.19 Hz, IH), 7.19 (dd, J=7.80, 1.36 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 204.10 (M+NH ₄ -H ₂ O) ⁺ .

Example 2D 8-ter?-Butylchroman-3-one O-methyl oxime

Methoxylamine hydrochloride (1.15 g, 13.7 mmol) was added to a solution of Example 2C (2.547 g, 12.5 mmol) in pyridine (3 OmL) and the mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and ethyl acetate (200 mL) and IN hydrochloric acid (200 mL) were added. The separated organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. MS (DCI) m/z 234.12 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2E 8-ter?-Butylchroman-3 -amine

Example 2D (1.870 g, 8.02 mmol), Raney nickel (9.0 g), and 20% ammonia in methanol (40 mL) were shaken under hydrogen (60 psi) for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 1.31 (s, 9H), 1.63 (br s, 2H), 2.46 (m, IH), 2.89 (m, IH), 3.09 (m, IH), 3.56 (dd, J=IO.17,

8.82 Hz, IH), 4.14 (ddd, ./=10.26, 3.31, 1.70 Hz, IH), 6.73 (t, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.88 (d, ./=6.10 Hz, IH), 7.00 (dd, J=7.63, 1.53 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 206.08 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2F

N-(8-tert-Butyl-3.4-dihvdro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-N'-(7-hvdrox y-5.6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

To di-(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 2E (411

mg, 2.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, o.υ mmoij were aααeα ana me mixture stirred for an additional 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel plug, rinsed with 1/1 ethyl acetate/hexane, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford l-(8-tert-butylchroman-3-yl)-3-(7-(tert-butyldimethylsilylox y)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) followed by the addition of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 6.0 mL, 6.0 mmol) and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the organic layer was washed sequentially with IN sodium hydroxide (200 mL), water (200 mL), and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-5% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 1.34 (s, 9H), 1.58 (m, IH), 1.85 (m, IH), 2.29 (dd, J=16.28, 7.80 Hz, IH), 2.72 (m, 4H), 3.11 (dd, J=I 6.28, 5.43 Hz, IH), 3.90 (m, IH), 3.98 (m, IH), 4.10 (m, IH), 4.17 (d, J=IO.17 Hz, IH), 4.82 (d, J=3.73 Hz, IH), 6.71 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.74 (dd, J=7.12, 3.05 Hz, IH), 6.80 (t, J=7.63 Hz, IH),

6.96 (dd, J=7.46, 1.36 Hz, IH), 6.98 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.06 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH), 7.66 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 395.24 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₄ H ₃₀ N ₂ O ₃ • 0.09 H ₂ O: C 72.77, H 7.68, N 7.07; Found: C 72.79, H 7.79, N 7.08.

Example 3 N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-(7-methoxy -3,4-dihydro-2H- chromen-3 -vDurea

Example 3A

7-Methoxy-2H-chromene-3-carbonitrile 2-ηydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (Aldrich, 5.0 g, 32.9 mmol), acrylonitrile (11 mL, 164 mmol), and l,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (0.92 g, 8.2 mmol) were heated in a microwave Personal Chemistry at 95 ⁰ C for 5 hours. Sodium hydroxide (200 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0-to-50% ethyl acetate in hexane afforded the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 3.77 (s, 3H), 4.84 (d, J=1.36 Hz, 2H), 6.50 (d, J=2.71 Hz, IH), 6.61 (dd, J=8.48, 2.71 Hz, IH), 7.21 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 7.52 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 205.07 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 3 B

7-Methoxy-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid

Example 3A (2.25g, 12.0mmol), 50w%sodium hydroxide (25 mL), water (50 mL), and ethanol (25 mL), were heated to reflux for 3 hours. The mixture was cooled and water (300 mL) was added. The mixture was acidified with IN hydrochloric acid (100 mL) to afford a precipitate. The mixture was filtered and the solids were rinsed with water and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 3.75 (s, 3H), 4.87 (d, J=I.36 Hz, 2H), 6.45 (d, J=2.71 Hz, IH), 6.55 (dd, J=8.31, 2.54 Hz, IH), 7.25 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 7.41 (s, IH), 12.62 (br s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 206.87 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 3 C

7-Methoxychroman-3 -one

Example 3B (1.928 g, 9.35 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (25 mL) followed by the addition of triethylamine (1.7 mL) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (2.83g, 10.3mmol) in toluene (10 mL). The flask was equipped with a Dean-Stark trap and the solution was refluxed. After one hour, toluene (25 mL) was added, and the mixture continued to reflux for 2 hours followed by cooling to ambient temperature. Hydrochloric acid (6N, 20 mL), was added and the mixture was heated to reflux for an additional 3 hours after which it was cooled. Ethyl acetate (100 mL) and water (100 mL) were added, and the separated organic layer was washed twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate (100 mL), once with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. Concentration under reduced pressure and chromatography on silica gel eluting with 40-to-90% dichloromethane in hexane afforded the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 3.59 (s, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 4.44 (s, 2H), 6.64 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=8.82 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 178.99 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 3D

7-Methoxychroman-3-one O-methyl oxime

Methoxylamine hydrochloride (459 mg, 5.49 mmol) was added to a solution of Example 3C (890 mg, 4.99 mmol) in pyridine (2 OmL) and the mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and IN hydrochloric acid (100 mL). The separated organic layer was washed with brine, filtered, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Concentration and chromatography on silica gel eluting with 0-to-20% ethyl acetate in hexane afforded the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 3.64 (s, 2H),

3.70 (s, 3H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 6.47 (d, J=2. U Hz, IHJ, to / (αα, J=».4», z.όt Mz, IH), 7.10 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 208.05 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 3 E

7-Methoxychroman-3 -amine Example 3D (829 mg, 4.0 mmol), Raney nickel (5.0 g) and 20% ammonia in methanol (30 mL) were shaken under hydrogen (60 psi) for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure affording the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 1.61 (br s, 2H), 2.37 (dd, J=15.43, 8.99 Hz, IH), 2.79 (dd, J=15.43, 4.24 Hz, IH), 3.06 (m, IH), 3.54 (dd, J=IO.18, 8.82 Hz, IH), 3.67 (s, 3H), 4.04 (ddd, J=10.26, 3.31, 1.70 Hz,

IH), 6.30 (d, J=2.71 Hz, IH), 6.41 (dd, J=8.31, 2.54 Hz, IH), 6.92 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 180.07 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 3 F N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-(7-methoxy -3,4-dihydro-2H- chromen-3 -vDurea

To a suspension of di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (409 mg, 1.60 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (422 mg, 1.52 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and pyridine (0.13 mL, 1.60 mmol). After 15 minutes at ambient temperature, Example 3E (272 mg, 1.52 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.79 mL, 4.56 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel plug, rinsed with 1/1 ethyl acetate/hexane, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1- (7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen -l-yl)-3-(7-methoxychroman- 3-yl)urea. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 3.04 mL, 3.04 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The resulting solid was suspended in methanol (20 mL) which was sonicated after which water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 1.56 (m, IH), 1.84 (m, IH), 2.28 (m, IH), 2.59 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 3H), 3.00 (dd, J=16.10, 5.26 Hz, IH), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.89 (m, IH), 4.01 (m, IH), 4.10 (m, 2H), 4.82 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 6.40 (d, J=2.37 Hz, IH), 6.49 (dd, J=8.31, 2.54 Hz, IH), 6.69 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.97 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH),

7.00 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 7.61 (s, IH), 7.69 (d, J=7.40 Hz, ill). Mj> (ϋM) m/z ^oy. io (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C _2I H ₂₄ N ₂ O ₄ ^» 0.17 H ₂ O: C 67.90, H 6.60, N 7.54; Found: C 67.92, H 6.67, N 7.41.

Example 4 N-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihvdro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-N'-(7-hvdroxy-5,6,7 ,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- l-yl)urea

Example 4A

6-Chlorochroman-3 -one

To a solution of 6-chloro-2H-chromene-3-carboxylic acid (Avocado, 4.90 g, 23.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added triethylamine (4 mL) and diphenylphosphoryl azide (7.04 g, 25.6 mmol) in toluene (20 mL). The flask was equipped with a Dean-Stark trap, and the mixture was heated to reflux. After 1.5 hours, toluene (50 mL) was added and the mixture continued to reflux for 2.5 hours and was then cooled to ambient temperature. Hydrochloric acid (6N, 40 mL) was added, and the biphasic mixture was heated at reflux for 3.5 hours then cooled to ambient temperature. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (200 mL) were added and the separated organic layer was washed sequentially with saturated sodium bicarbonate (2x200 mL) followed by brine. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrate under reduced pressure, and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 10-to-60% dichloromethane in hexane to afford the title compound. MS (DCI) m/z 181.97 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 4B

6-Chlorochroman-3 -amine

Example 4A (1.29 g, 7.06 mmol) was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol (12 5mL) and ammonium acetate (16.34 g, 212 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for one hour at ambient temperature. Sodium cyanoborohydride (1.55 g, 24.7 mmol) was added and the mixture refluxed for one hour, and was cooled. After quenching with 3N sodium hydroxide (70 mL), the mixture was extracted twice with tert-butyl methyl ether (100 mL), and concentrate under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with IN hydrochloric acid (3 x 70 mL). The acidic aqueous extracts were combined, and 3N sodium hydroxide (90 mL) was added. The resulting aqueous solution was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The three ethyl acetate layers were combined and washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR

(300 MHz, DMSO-fifc) δ ppm 1.71 (br s, 2H), 2.46 (dd, J=Ii.94, 8.48 Hz, ItL), 2.88 (dd, ./=15.26, 4.75 Hz, IH), 3.09 (m, IH), 3.60 (dd, J=10.85, 8.48 Hz, IH), 4.07 (ddd, J=10.43, 3.48, 2.03 Hz, IH), 6.75 (d, J=8.81 Hz, IH), 7.08 (dd, J=8.48, 2.71 Hz, IH), 7.12 (m, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 184.01 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 4C N-(6-Chloro-3,4-dihvdro-2H-chromen-3-yl)-N'-(7-hvdroxy-5,6,7 ,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-

1-vDurea Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (546 mg, 2.13 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) followed by the addition of Example IG (563 mg, 2.03 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.13 mmol). The mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature followed by the addition of Example 4B (373 mg, 2.03 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.06 mL, 6.09 mmol). The mixture stirred for 30 minutes was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford l-(7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-3-(6-chlorochroman-3-yl)u rea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.06 mL, 4.06 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was dissolved in methanol (20 mL), sonicated and water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated, and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.57 (m, IH), 1.83 (m, IH), 2.27 (dd, ./=16.45, 7.63 Hz, IH), 2.74 (m, 4H), 3.10 (dd, J=16.95, 4.74 Hz, IH), 3.88 (m, IH), 4.09 (m, 3H), 4.81 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 6.69 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.86 (m, 2H), 6.98 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.15 (dd, J=8.81, 2.71 Hz, IH), 7.21 (d, ./=2.71 Hz, IH), 7.58 (s, IH), 7.69 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 373.11 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₀ H ₂₁ CIiN ₂ O ₃ • 0.78 H ₂ O: C 62.09, H 5.88, N 7.24; Found: C 62.09, H 5.90, N 7.19.

Example 5

N-CS-tert-Butyl-Sλ-dihvdro^H-chromen^-vn-N'-^-hvdroxy-S. όJ.S- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 5A

l-ter?-Butyl-2-(prop-2-vnyioxy)penzene

2-tert-butylphenol (Aldrich, 15.02 g, 15.4 ml, 100 mmol), propargyl bromide (80% in toluene, 14.3 ml, 128 mmol) and potassium carbonate (17.66 g, 128 mmol) were stirred together in acetonitrile (200 mL) for 5 days at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue taken into water and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layers were combined, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.39 (s, 9H), 2.48 (t, J=2.37 Hz, IH), 4.73 (d, J=2.37 Hz, 2H), 6.90-6.98 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.22 (m, IH), 7.30 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 206 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 5B

1 -ter?-Butyl-2-(3 -chloroprop-2-ynyloxy)benzene

To a solution of Example 5A (18.86 g, lOOmmol) in acetone (400 mL) was added N chlorosuccinimide (16.02 g, 120 mmol) and silver acetate (1.67 g, 10 mmol) and the mixture was heated at reflux for 4 hours. After cooling, the silver salts were removed by filtration and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in diethyl ether, washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.38 (s, 9H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 6.91- 6.97 (m, 2H), 7.19 (td, J=7.71, 1.86 Hz, IH), 7.30 (dd, J=7.97, 1.53 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 223 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 5 C

8-ter?-Butylchroman-4-one

Example 5B (25.8 g) in ethylene glycol (250 mL) was heated to reflux for 4 hours. The mixture was cooled, poured into water, and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layers were combined, washed sequentially with IN sodium hydroxide and saturated ammonium carbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate, and filtered. Removal of solvent under reduced pressure gave a residue which was taken up in 1/1 dichloromethane/hexane and filtered through a pad of silica gel. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.39 (s, 9H), 2.79-2.85 (m, 2H), 4.51-4.58 (m, 2H), 6.95 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.47 (dd, J=7.63, 1.86 Hz, IH), 7.81 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 205 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 5D

8-fe/t-Butylchroman-4-one ometnyi oxime

Example 5C (13.51 g, 66 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (100 mL). Methoxylamine hydrochloride (1O g, 120 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 16 hours at ambient temperature. The pyridine was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue partitioned between water and diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether, and the combined organic layers were washed with IN sodium hydroxide and IN hydrochloric acid, dried with magnesium sulfate, and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ ppm 1.36 (s, 9H), 2.91 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 4.18 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.21-7.27 (m, IH), 7.79 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 234 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 5E

8-ter?-Butylchroman-4-amine

Example 5D (14.44 g, 61.9 mmol), 10% palladium on carbon (1.5 g), and 20% ammonia in methanol (400 mL) were shaken under hydrogen (60 psi) for 2.5 hours at ambient temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI ₃ ) δ ppm 1.34-1.37 (m, 9H), 1.90 (td, J=9.16, 4.07 Hz, IH), 2.10-2.25 (m, IH), 4.11 (t, J=5.09 Hz, IH), 4.22-4.29 (m, 2H), 6.81-6.89 (m, IH), 7.14-7.24 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 206 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 5F N-(8-tert-Butyl-3.4-dihvdro-2H-chromen-4-yl)-N'-(7-hvdroxy-5 .6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

To a solution of di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (408 mg, 1.59 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (421 mg, 1.52 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.13 mL, 1.59 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 5E (311 mg, 1.52 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (0.79 mL, 4.55 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel plug, rinsed with 1/1 ethyl acetate/hexane, and the supernatant solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1 -(8-tert-butylchroman-4-yl)-3 -(7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 3.0 mL, 3.0 mmol) was added and the

mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. 1 ne mixture was concentrated unαer reduced pressure to an oil, chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methanol (25 mL), precipitated with water (250 mL), and sonicated. The solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried overnight to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.34 (s, 9H), 1.57 (m, IH), 1.85 (m, IH), 1.95 (m, IH), 2.08 (m, IH), 2.27 (dd, IH), 2.73 (m, 3H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.11 (td, IH), 4.34 (dt, IH), 4.82 (q, IH), 4.83 (d, IH), 6.69 (d, IH), 6.84 (t, IH), 7.00 (t, IH), 7.14 (m, 3H), 7.43 (s, IH), 7.74 (d, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 395.18 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₄ H ₃₀ N ₂ O ₃ • 0.29 H ₂ O: C 72.11, H 7.71, N 7.01; Found: C 72.15, H 8.03, N 6.92.

Example 6

N-GA7.8.9J0-Hexahvdro-2H-benzorhlchromen-4-viyN'-(7-hvdro xy-5.6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 6A 5-(Prop-2-vnyloxy)-l,2,3,4-tetrahvdronaphthalene

5,6,7,8-Tetrahydronaphthalen-l-ol (Aldrich, 3.93 g, 26.5 mmol), propargyl bromide (80% in toluene, 3.9 ml, 35 mmol), and potassium carbonate (4.83 g, 35 mmol) were stirred together in acetonitrile (75 mL) for 6 days at ambient temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue taken into water and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layers were combined, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.76 (m, 4H), 2.49 (t, J=2.37 Hz, IH), 2.68 (t, J=5.59 Hz, 2H), 2.75 (t, J= 5.59, 2H), 4.69 (d, J=2.37 Hz, 2H), 6.74 (dd, J=7.80, 3.73 Hz, 2H), 7.06 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 187.06 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 6B

5-(3-Chloroprop-2-vnyloxy)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydronaphthalene Example 6A (5.41 g) was dissolved in acetone (120 mL). N chlorosuccinimide (4.00 g, 30 mmol) and silver acetate (0.42 g, 2.5 mmol) were added, and the mixture was refluxed for 4 hours. After cooling, the silver salts were removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in diethyl ether, washed with water and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a mixture of starting material and product. The reaction procedure was repeated with this mixture, affording

the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1. /6 (m, 4H), 2.66 (t, J=S. M Hz, 2H), 2.75 (t, J= 5.43, 2H), 4.69 (s, 2H), 6.73 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (t, J=7.97 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 220.99 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 6C

7.8.9.10-Tetrahvdro-2H-benzo|7?lchromen-4(3H)-one

Example 6B (4.80 g, 21.7 mmol) in ethylene glycol (50 mL) was heated to reflux for 4.5 hours. The mixture was cooled, poured into water, and extracted with diethyl ether. The organic layers were combined, washed with IN sodium hydroxide and with saturated ammonium carbonate, and dried with magnesium sulfate. Removal of the solvent under reduced pressure gave a residue which was filtered through a pad of silica gel eluting with 1/1 dichloromethane/hexane. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.78 (m, 4H), 2.63 (t, J=5.59 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (t, J=6.44 Hz, 4H), 4.53 (t, j=6.44 Hz, 2H), 6.74 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 7.65 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 203.07 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 6D

7.8.9. IQ-T etrahvdro-2H-benzor/?lchromen-4(3H)-one O-methyl oxime Example 6C (5.00 g) was dissolved in pyridine (30 mL). Methoxylamine hydrochloride (2.09 g, 25 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 16 hours at ambient temperature. The pyridine was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue partitioned between water and diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether, and the combined organic layers were washed with IN sodium hydroxide and IN hydrochloric acid, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrate under reduced pressure. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.76 (m, 4H), 2.61 (t, J=5.43 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=5.43

Hz, 2H), 2.87 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 4.21 (t, J=6.10 Hz, 2H), 6.67 (d, J=8.13 Hz, IH), 7.64 (d, J=8.13 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 232.08 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 6E

3.4.7.8.9.10-Hexahydro-2H-benzor/?1chromen-4-amine Example 6D (2.0 g, 8.65 mmol), 10% palladium on carbon (0.2 g), and 20% ammonia in methanol (20 mL) were shaken under hydrogen (60 psi) for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz,

CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.75 (m, 4H), 1.83 (m, IH), 1.93 (br s, IW), IAi (m, ItLj, I. M (t, J=b.W Hz, 2H), 2.71 (t, J=5.59 Hz, 2H), 4.03 (t, J=5.09 Hz, IH), 4.26 (m, 2H), 6.66 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.06 (d, J=7.79 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 203.0 (M+NH ₄ -H ₂ O) ⁺ .

Example 6F N-(3.4.7.8.9.10-Hexahvdro-2H-benzorhlchromen-4-yl)-N'-(7-hvd roxy-5.6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

To a mixture of di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (417 mg, 1.63 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (430 mg, 1.55 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.13mL, 1.63mmol). After stirring for 15 minutes at ambient temperature, Example 6E (315 mg, 1.55 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL), dimethylformamide (10 mL), and diisopropylethylamine (0.81 mL, 4.65 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (200 mL) were added and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to- 30% ethyl acetate in hexane, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford l-(7-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-3- (3,4,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-2H- benzo[/z]-chromen-4-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in TηF, 3.1 mL, 3.1 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (70 mL), sonicated, water (300 mL) was added, and the sonication was repeated. The solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, DMSO-fifc) δ ppm 1.58 (m, IH), 1.67 (m, 4H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 2.04 (m, IH), 2.28 (dd, IH), 2.73 (m, 5H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.13 (td, IH), 4.29 (dt, IH), 4.76 (q, IH), 4.84 (d, IH), 6.61 (d, IH), 6.69 (d, IH), 6.99 (m, 3H), 7.43 (s, IH), 7.72 (d, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 393.21 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₄ H ₂₈ N ₂ O ₃ • 0.20 H ₂ O: C 72.78, H 7.23, N 7.07; Found: C 72.79, H 7.29, N 7.01.

Example 7 N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-(6-methyl- 3,4-dihvdro-2H-chromen-

4-yl)urea

Example 7A

6-Methylchroman-4-one O-methyl oxime

6-Methylchroman-4-one (Aldrich, 3.24 g, 20 mmol) was dissolved in pyridine (13 mL). Methoxylamine hydrochloride (1.84 g, 22 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 16 hours at ambient temperature. The pyridine was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was added to water and diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was extracted with diethyl ether, and the combined organic layers washed with IN sodium hydroxide and IN hydrochloric acid and then dried with magnesium sulfate and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.88 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (s, 3H), 4.17 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 7.05 (dd, J=8.48, 2.03 Hz, IH), 7.70 (d, J=2.03 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 192.02 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 7B

6-Methyl-chroman-4-ylamine

A solution of Example 7A (4.24 g) in 20% ammonia in methanol (50 mL) was treated with Raney Nickel , 40 g, under hydrogen (60 psi) for 4 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue dissolved in diethyl ether which was washed sequentially with water and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.78-1.88 (m, IH), 2.10-2.21 (m, IH), 2.27 (s, 3H), 4.01 (m, IH), 4.22 (m, 2H), 6.71 (d, J=8.5 Hz, IH), 6.95 (d, J=8.5 Hz, IH), 7.11 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 164 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 7 C N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-(6-methyl -3,4-dihvdro-2H-chromen-

4-yl)urea Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (542 mg, 2.12 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile

(5 mL), and Example IG (559 mg, 2.02 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.12 mmol) was added to the mixture. After stirring for 15 minutes at ambient temperature, Example 7B (329 mg, 2.02 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL), dimethylformamide (10 mL), and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.05 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) and water (200 mL) were added, and the organic layer was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford X-(I -(tert-

butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-i-yij-^- (O-metnyicnroman-4-yijurea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (25 mL), sonicated, water was added (250 mL), and the sonication was repeated. The solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.59 (m, IH), 1.89 (m, 2H), 2.06 (m, IH), 2.22 (s, 3H), 2.29 (dd, IH), 2.75 (m, 3H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.08 (td, IH), 4.22 (dt, IH), 4.78 (q, IH), 4.84 (d, IH), 6.70 (m, 2H), 7.00 (m, 2H), 7.06 (m, 2H), 7.46 (s, IH), 7.74 (d, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 353.12 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C _2I H ₂₄ N ₂ O ₃ • 0.05 H ₂ O: C 71.39, H 6.87, N 7.93; Found: C 71.39, H 6.98, N 7.90.

Example 8 N-r(4R)-3,4-Dihvdro-2H-chromen-4-yl1-N'-(7-hvdroxy-5,6J,8-te trahydronaphthalen-l- vDurea

Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL), Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol) were added, and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. (R)-chroman-4-amine hydrochloride (J&W PharmLab, 371 mg, 2.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel plug, rinsed with 1/1 ethyl acetate/hexane, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford l-(7-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-3- ((i?)-chroman-4-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (20 mL), sonicated after which and water (200 mL)was added. Sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze- dried to afford the title compound. [α] _D : +46.8° (cl.O, 1 : 1 DMSO:MeOH). ¹ H NMR (SOO MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.58 (m, IH), 1.86 (m, IH), 1.97 (m, IH), 2.09 (m, IH), 2.29 (dd, IH), 2.75 (m, 3H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.13 (td, IH), 4.27 (m, IH), 4.83 (d, IH), 4.86 (q, IH), 6.70 (d, IH), 6.78 (dd, IH), 6.90 (td, IH), 7.00 (t, IH), 7.09 (d, IH), 7.17 (td, IH), 7.26 (d,

IH), 7.46 (s, IH), 7.73 (d, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 339. i i ( M+H ) . uaicα lor U ₂₀ M ₂₂ IN ₂ U ₃ • 0.26 H ₂ O: C 70.02, H 6.62, N 8.17; Found: C 70.05, H 6.78, N 8.13.

Example 9

N-r(4S)-3,4-Dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl1-N'-( ^' 7-hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l- vDurea

Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL), and Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol) was added. After stirring for 15 minutes at ambient temperature, (S)- chroman-4-amine hydrochloride (J&W PharmLab, 371 mg, 2.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered through a silica gel plug, rinsed with 1/1 ethyl acetate/hexane, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford l-(7-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-3- ((5)-chroman-4-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (20 mL), sonicated, and water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. [α] _D : -45.0° (c: 1.0, 1 : 1 DMSOMeOH). ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.58 (m, IH), 1.86 (m, IH), 1.97 (m, IH), 2.09 (m, IH), 2.29 (dd, IH), 2.75 (m, 3H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.13 (td, IH), 4.27 (m, IH), 4.83 (d, IH), 4.86 (q, IH), 6.70 (d, IH), 6.78 (dd, IH), 6.90 (td, IH), 7.00 (t, IH), 7.09 (d, IH), 7.17 (td, IH), 7.26 (d, IH), 7.46 (s, IH), 7.73 (d, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 339.06 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₀ H ₂₂ N ₂ O ₃ • 0.31 H ₂ O: C 69.83, H 6.63, N 8.14; Found: C 69.82, H 6.58, N 8.13.

Example 10 N-(3,4-Dihvdro-2H-chromen-2-ylmethyl)-N'-(7-hvdroxy-5,6,7,8- tetrahvdronaphthalen-l- vDurea Example IQA Chroman-2-carboxylic acid

4-Oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid (Aldrich, 3.0 g, 15.8 mmol) was added to a mixture of acetic acid (30 mL) and 10% palladium on carbon (0.3 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and it was pressurized with hydrogen

(60 psi). The mixture was shaken at 7O ⁰ C for 2.5 hours, ine mixture was tntereα ana tne solids were rinsed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 2.04 (m, IH), 2.14 (m, IH), 2.63 (dt, IH), 2.78 (dt, IH), 4.76 (dd, IH), 6.80 (m, 2H), 7.05 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 177.09 (M-H) ^" .

Example IQB Chroman-2-carboxamide

Example 1OA (2.796 g, 15.7 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (60 mL), and oxalyl chloride (4.1 mL, 47.1 mmol) was added with a few drops of dimethylformamide. The mixture stirred for one hour at ambient temperature and was concentrated under reduced pressure to an orange oil. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), and added to 0.5M ammonia in dioxane (200 mL). After stirring overnight, and filtering off the salts, the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 50-to-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.89 (m, IH), 2.15 (m, IH), 2.68 (dt, IH), 2.80 (ddd, IH), 4.45 (dd, IH), 6.83 (m, 2H), 7.07 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 195.08 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example IQC Chroman-2-ylmethanamine

Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M in THF, 42.5 mL, 42.5 mmol) was added to Example 1OB (2.510 g, 14.2 mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL). The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours at ambient temperature then refluxed for two hours. The mixture was chilled to O ⁰ C followed by the sequential additions of water (3.5 mL), tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), 15% sodium hydroxide (3.5 mL), and water (7.0 mL). The slurry was filtered, the solids were rinsed with ethyl acetate (200 mL), and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Obtained 2.329g of Example 1OC. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.55 (m, 3H), 2.00 (m, IH), 2.74 (qd, 4H), 3.87 (dtd, IH), 6.71 (dd, IH), 6.78 (td, IH), 7.03 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 164.07 (M+H) ⁺ . Example IQD

N-(3,4-Dihvdro-2H-chromen-2-ylmethyl)-N'-(7-hvdroxy-5,6,7 ,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l- vDurea Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5

mL), and Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitπie p niL) ana pyπaine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 1OC (326 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (1OmL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05mL, 6.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 1- (7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen -l-yl)-3-(chroman-2- ylmethyl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (20 mL), sonicated, water (200 mL) was added, and the sonication was repeated. The solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfc) δ ppm 1.57 (m, IH), 1.70 (m, IH), 1.86 (m, IH), 1.98 (m, IH), 2.32 (dd, IH), 2.78 (m, 5H), 3.38 (q, 2H), 3.92 (m, IH), 4.06 (m, IH), 4.83 (d, IH), 6.69 (d, IH), 6.81 (m, 3H), 6.98 (t, IH), 7.07 (m, 2H), 7.65 (t, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 353.09 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C _2I H ₂₄ N ₂ O ₃ • 0.12 H ₂ O: C 71.13, H 6.89, N 7.90; Found: C 71.13, H 6.63, N 7.78. Example 11

N-r(7-Ethoxy-3,4-dihvdro-2H-chromen-2-yl)methyl1-N'-(7-hv droxy-5,6J,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example HA 7-Ethoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid To a solution of l-(4-ethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone (Aldrich, 5.0g, 27.7mmol) and diethyl oxalate (8.3 mL, 61 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) was added sodium ethoxide (21% in EtOH, 31 mL, 83 mmol) and the mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hours. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diethyl ether (150 mL), water (150 mL) and 12N hydrochloric acid (7 mL) were added. The separated organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford ethyl 7-ethoxy-4-oxo-^H-chromene-2-carboxylate. The intermediate was dissolved in acetic acid (70 mL) and 12N hydrochloric acid (8.5 mL), heated to reflux for 2 hours, and cooled to ambient temperature. Water (300 mL) was added and the solids

were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and treeze-απeα to aiiorα me title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 1.38 (t, 3H), 4.20 (q, 2H), 6.84 (s, IH), 7.08 (dd, IH), 7.19 (d, IH), 7.92 (d, IH). MS (APCI) m/z 235.04 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 1 IB 7-Ethoxychroman-2-carboxylic acid

Example 1 IA (3.0 g, 12.8 mmol) was added to a mixture of acetic acid (30 mL) and 10% palladium on carbon (0.3 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at 7O ⁰ C for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered and the solids were rinsed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfc) δ ppm 1.29 (t, 3H), 2.01 (m, IH), 2.10 (m, IH), 2.57 (m, IH), 2.69 (dt, IH), 3.94 (q, 2H), 4.73 (dd, IH), 6.34 (d, IH), 6.40 (dd, IH), 6.90 (d, IH), 12.94 (br s, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 221.12 (M-H) ^" . Example HC

7-Ethoxychroman-2-carboxamide

Example 1 IB (2.462 g, 11.1 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (40 mL) followed by the addition of oxalyl chloride (2.9 mL, 33.2 mmol) and a few drops of dimethylformamide. The mixture stirred for one hour at ambient temperature, was concentrate under reduced pressure, and dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), and added to 0.5M ammonia in dioxane (200 mL). The mixture stirred overnight and was filtered. The filtrate was concentrate under reduced pressure, and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 50-to-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 1.29 (t, 3H), 1.86 (m, IH), 2.12 (m, IH), 2.59 (dt, IH), 2.70 (ddd, IH), 3.94 (q, 2H), 4.42 (dd, IH), 6.41 (m, 2H), 6.92 (d, IH), 7.33 (d, 2H).

MS (DCI) m/z 239.13 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example HD

(7-Ethoxychroman-2-yl)methanamine

Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M in THF, 24.3 mL, 24.3 mmol) was added to Example 11C (1.79 g, 8.09 mmol) suspended in tetrahydrofuran (60 mL). The mixture stirred for 1.5 hours at ambient temperature and was refluxed for two hours. The mixture was chilled to O ⁰ C, and was sequentially added water (2.0 mL), tetrahydrofuran (60 mL), 15% sodium hydroxide (2.0 mL), and water (4.0 mL). The mixture was filtered, the solids

were rinsed with ethyl acetate (200 mL), and the filtrate was concentrated unαer reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 1.28 (t, 3H), 1.56 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, IH), 2.70 (m, 4H), 3.84 (m, IH), 3.92 (q, 2H), 6.28 (d, IH), 6.36 (dd, IH), 6.90 (d, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 208.10 (M+H) ⁺ . Example HE

N-r^-Ethoxy-Sλ-dihvdro^H-chromen^-vnmethyli-N'-^-hvdroxy -S.όJ.S- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) followed by the addition of Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 1 ID (415 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 1- (7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen -l-yl)-3-((7-ethoxychroman- 2-yl)methyl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The solid was suspended in methanol (20 mL), sonicated, and water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.29 (t, 3H), 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, IH), 1.95 (m, IH), 2.32 (dd, IH), 2.74 (m, 5H), 3.37 (q, 2H), 3.92 (m, IH), 3.93 (q, 2H), 4.04 (m, IH), 4.84 (d, IH), 6.32 (d, IH), 6.39 (dd, IH), 6.69 (d, IH), 6.84 (t, IH), 6.93 (d, IH), 6.98 (t, IH), 7.65 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 397.19 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₈ N ₂ O ₄ • 0.15 H ₂ O: C 69.20, H 7.15, N 7.02; Found: C 69.26, H 7.00, N 6.43.

Example 12

N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-r(6-met hyl-3,4-dihvdro-2H- chromen-2-yl)methyl1urea

Example 12A

6-Methylchroman-2-carboxylic acid 6-Methyl-4-oxo-^H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid (Aldrich, 3.5 g, 17.1 mmol) was

added to a mixture of acetic acid (50 mL) and 10% palladium on caroon {V.35 g) in a Farr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at 7O ⁰ C for 2.5 hours, and filtered and solids were rinsed with methanol. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.09-2.23 (m, IH), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.40 (m, IH), 2.72-2.86 (m, 2H), 4.71 (dd, J=8.48, 3.39 Hz, IH), 6.83 (t, J=8.65 Hz, 2H), 6.90-6.96 (m, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 210.1 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 12B

6-Methylchroman-2-carboxamide To a solution of Example 12A (3.3 g, 17.1 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane

(60 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (4.5mL, 51.6mmol) and a few drops of dimethylformamide. After stirring for 30 minutes at ambient temperature, the solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (30 mL) and added to 0.5M ammonia in dioxane (100 mL). The mixture stirred overnight, was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and filtered through a silica gel plug and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.79-1.94 (m, IH), 2.07-2.17 (m, IH), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.62 (dt, J=16.53, 5.30 Hz, IH), 2.70-2.82 (m, IH), 4.41 (dd, J=8.99, 3.22 Hz, IH), 6.73 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.84-6.91 (m, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=6.10 Hz, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 192.13 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 12C

(6-Methylchroman-2-yl)methanamine

Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M in THF, 31.5 mL, 31.5 mmol) was added to Example 12B (2.009 g, 10.5 mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL). The mixture stirred for 1.5 hours at ambient temperature, and then refluxed for 2.5 hours. After cooling to O ⁰ C, the following was added sequentially:water (2.6 mL), tetrahydrofuran (75 mL), 15% sodium hydroxide (2.6 mL), and water (5.2 mL). The slurry was filtered, the solids were rinsed with ethyl acetate (200 mL), and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.55 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, IH), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.71 (qd, 4H), 3.81 (dtd, IH), 6.59 (d, IH), 6.84 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 178.10 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 12D N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-r(6-methyl -3,4-dihvdro-2H-

chromen-2-yl)methyi iurea

Di-(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) after which Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol) were added. After stirring for 15 minutes at ambient temperature, Example 12C (354 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-40% ethyl acetate in hexane, to afford \-(l-(tert- buty ldimethy Is ily loxy)-5 ,6,7,8 -tetrahy dronaphthalen- 1 -y l)-3 -((6-methy lchroman-2- yl)methyl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahy drofuran (20 mL), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (20 mL), sonicated, and water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfe) δ ppm 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, IH), 1.96 (m, IH), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.32 (dd, IH), 2.76 (m, 5H), 3.36 (q, 2H), 3.92 (m, IH), 4.02 (m, IH), 4.83 (d, IH), 6.68 (m, 2H), 6.86 (m, 3H), 6.98 (t, IH), 7.64 (t, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 367.17 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₆ N ₂ O ₃ 0.11 H ₂ O: C 71.72, H 7.17, N 7.60; Found: C 71.71, H 7.02, N 7.50.

Example 13

N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-r(8-iso propyl-3,4-dihydro-2H- chromen-2-yl)methyl1urea

Example 13 A 1 -(2-Hydroxy-3 -isopropylphenvDethanone

2-Hydroxy-3-isopropylbenzoic acid (Aldrich, 4.0 g, 22.2 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), chilled to -75 ⁰ C, and methyllithium (1.6M in diethyl ether, 42 mL, 66.6 mmol) was added. The mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was quenched with methanol (50 mL), concentrate under reduced pressure, and ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added. The mixture was washed with IN hydrochloric acid (200 mL), water (200 mL), and brine and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the

title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm V.li (d, 6tL), 2.64 (s, iti), 3.39 (m, IH), 6.87 (t, IH), 7.41 (dd, IH), 7.59 (dd, IH), 12.69 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 179.07 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 13B 8-Isopropyl-4-oxo-^H-chromene-2-carboxylic acid

To a solution of Example 13A (2.048 g, 11.5 mmol) in ethanol (60 mL)was added diethyl oxalate (3.43 mL, 25.3 mmol) and sodium ethoxide (21% in EtOH, 12.9 mL, 34.5 mmol) and the mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, partitioned between diethyl ether (150 mL) and water (150 mL). Hydrochloric acid (12N, 3 mL) was added and the separated organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford ethyl 8-isopropyl-4-oxo-^H-chromene-2-carboxylate. After dissolving the intermediate in acetic acid (45 mL) and 12N hydrochloric acid (7.5 mL), the mixture was heated to reflux for 5.5 hours then cooled to ambient temperature. Water (400 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (400 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water (400 mL) and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressureand vacuum dried overnight to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.32 (d, 6H), 3.56 (m, IH), 6.91 (s, IH), 7.48 (t, IH), 7.78 (dd, IH), 7.89 (dd, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 232.94 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 13C

8-Isopropylchroman-2-carboxylic acid

Example 13B (2.421 g, 10.4 mmol) was added to a mixture of acetic acid (30 mL) and 10% palladium on carbon (0.25 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at 7O ⁰ C for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered, the solids were rinsed with methanol and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-50% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.16 (dd, 6H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, IH), 2.76 (dt, IH), 3.22 (m, IH), 4.81 (dd, IH), 6.77 (t, IH), 6.85 (dd, IH), 6.99 (dd, IH), 12.90 (br s, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 219.15 (M-H) ^" .

Example 13D 8-Isopropylchroman-2-carboxamide

To a solution of Example 13C (2.157 g, 9.79 mmol) in αicniorometnane (4U niL) was added oxalyl chloride (2.56 mL, 29.4 mmol) and a few drops of dimethylformamide. After stirring for one hour at ambient temperature, the mixture was concentrate under reduced pressure, dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), and added to 0.5M ammonia in dioxane (200 mL). After stirring overnight, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrate under reduced pressure, and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-50% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.24 (dd, 6H), 2.06 (m, IH), 2.43 (m, IH), 2.87 (m, 2H), 3.28 (m, IH), 4.54 (dd, IH), 5.53 (s, IH), 6.55 (s, IH), 6.91 (m, 2H), 7.07 (dd, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 237.11 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 13E

(8-Isopropylchroman-2-yl)methanamine

Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M in THF, 19.6 mL, 19.6 mmol) was added to Example 13D (1.435 g, 6.54 mmol) dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL). The mixture stirred for 1.5 hours at ambient temperature, and refluxed for 2 hours. After cooling to

O ⁰ C, the following was added sequentially: water (1.6 mL), tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), 15% sodium hydroxide (1.6 mL) and additional water (3.2 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the solids were rinsed with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.21 (dd, 6H), 1.64 (br s, 2H), 1.76 (m, IH), 1.94 (m, IH), 2.78 (ddd, IH), 2.88 (m, IH), 2.95 (d, 2H), 3.28 (m, IH), 3.97 (m, IH), 6.81 (t, IH), 6.89 (d, IH), 7.02 (dd, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 206.11 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 13F

N-(7-Hydroxy-5.6.7.8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-r(8-is opropyl-3.4-dihydro-2H- chromen-2-yl)methyl1urea

Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) followed by the addition of Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature after which Example 13E (411 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 1- (7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen -l-yl)-3-((8-

isopropylchroman-2-yl)methyl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetranydroturan (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with IN sodium hydroxide (200 mL), water (200 mL), and brine and the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.14 (d, 6H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, IH), 1.97 (m, IH), 2.32 (dd, IH), 2.78 (m, 5H), 3.25 (m, IH), 3.41 (t, 2H), 3.92 (m, IH), 4.06 (m, IH), 4.85 (d, IH), 6.76 (m, 3H), 6.87 (dd, IH), 6.98 (m, 2H), 7.61 (d, IH), 7.66 (s, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 395.24 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₄ H ₃₀ N ₂ O ₃ • 0.27 EtOAc: C 72.01, H 7.75, N 6.70; Found: C 71.96, H 7.85, N 6.81.

Example 14 N-(8-tert-Butyl-l-methyl-L2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-4-yl)-N'- (7-hydroxy-5,6J,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 14A

3-Bromo-N-(2-tert-butylphenyl)propanamide

2-tert-butylaniline (Aldrich, 24.7 g, 166 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL) and potassium carbonate (47.0 g, 340 mmol) was added. 3-Bromopropionyl chloride (29.1 g, 170 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added dropwise and the mixture stirred for 3 hours at ambient temperature. Water was added slowly to quench the mixture, and the organic layer was separated and washed twice with water, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.32 (s, 9H), 2.97 (t, J=6.44 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 7.00-7.06 (m, IH), 7.16-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.42 (m, IH), 9.35 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 284.0 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 14B l-(2-tert-Butylphenyl)azetidin-2-one Sodium tert-butoxide (2.5 g, 26 mmol) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (100 mL) followed by the addition of Example 14A (7.1 g, 25 mmol) dissolved in dimethylformamide (10 mL) and the mixture stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the organic layer was washed three times with

water, dried with magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated unαer reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.41 (s, 9H), 3.10 (t, ./=4.41 Hz, 2H), 3.64 (t, J=4.41 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (dd, J=7.46, 2.03 Hz, IH), 7.19-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.46 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 204.0 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 14C

8-tert-Butyl-2.3 -dihydroquinolin-4( 1 H)-one

Example 14B (4.7 g, 23 mmol) was dissolved in dichloroethane (500 mL) followed by the addition of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (10 g, 66.6 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was quenched with potassium carbonate (20 g) and water (1 mL), stirred for 2 hours, and filtered through a plug of magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.43 (s, 9H), 2.64-2.74 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.66 (m, 2H), 6.70 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.37 (dd, J=7.46, 1.70 Hz, IH), 7.83 (dd, J=7.97, 1.53 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 204.0 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 14D

8-tert-Butyl-l-methyl-2.3-dihydroquinolin-4(lH)-one

Paraformaldehyde (5.0 g, 167 mmol) and 3 drops of glacial acetic acid were added to Example 14C (4.7 g, 23 mmol) in dichloroethane (50 mL) and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (24 g, 113 mmol) was added and the mixture was heated to 6O ⁰ C for 4 hours. After cooling, ethyl acetate (300 mL) was added, and the organic layer was washed with 10% sodium bicarbonate, 5% citric acid, brine. The solution was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.48 (s, 9H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.83 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (t, J=6.44 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.59 (dd, J=7.97, 1.53 Hz, IH), 7.86 (dd, J=7.46, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 218.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 14E

8-tert-Butyl-l-methyl-2.3-dihydroquinolin-4(lH)-one O-methyl oxime Methoxylamine hydrochloride (0.86 g, 10.3 mmol) was added to a solution of Example 14D (2.04 g, 9.39 mmol) in pyridine (20 mL) and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added. The solution was washed twice with water (200 mL), once with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced

pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eiuting witn u-to-ovo etnyi acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-dβ) δ ppm 1.41 (s, 9H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.80 (m, 2H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 7.11 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.35 (dd, J=7.97, 1.53 Hz, IH), 7.62 (dd, J=7.63, 1.53 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 247.14 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 14F

8-tert-Butyl- 1 -methyl- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-amine Example 14E (1.227 g, 4.98 mmol) and Raney nickel (11.9 g) were added to a mixture of 20% ammonia in methanol (22 mL) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at ambient temperature for one hour. The solids were filtered off and washed with methanol and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSCM ₆ ) δ ppm 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.83 (m, IH), 2.30 (m, IH), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.98 (t, J=6.61 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 6.99 (t, J=7.63 Hz, IH), 7.18 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 7.33 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 219.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 14G N-(8-tert-Butyl-l-methyl-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroquinolin-4-yl)-N' -(7-hvdroxy-5.6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

To a mixture of di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol). The mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature and Example 14F (437 mg, 2.0 mmol), dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol), was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eiuting with 0-to-30% ethyl acetate in hexane, to afford l-(8-tert-butyl-l-methyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)-3- (7-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)ure a. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eiuting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (250 mL), washed with 1.0ν sodium hydroxide (250 mL), water (250 mL), and brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrate under reduced

pressure, and vacuum dried overnight to afford the title compounα. hi JNMK {ό υυ ivihLz, DMSO-(Z ₆ ) δ ppm 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.59 (m, IH), 1.70 (m, IH), 1.87 (m, IH), 2.37 (m, 2H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.77 (m, 3H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.84 (d, J=4.41 Hz, IH), 4.95 (q, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.70 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.01 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.26 (dd, J=7.97, 1.53 Hz, IH), 7.51 (s, IH), 7.74 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 408.27

(M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₅ H ₃₃ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.29 EtOAc: C 72.55, H 8.22, N 9.70; Found: C 72.54, H 8.53, N 9.73.

Example 15

N-(l-Benzyl-lZ3λ-tetrahvdroquinolin-4-yl)-N'-(7-hydroxy- 5,6J,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 15A

3-(Phenylamino)propanoic acid

Aniline (9.11 mL, 100 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (100 mL) and heated to reflux while β-propiolactone (Sigma, 6.29 mL, 100 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) was added dropwise for 30 minutes. The mixture was refluxed for 3 hours and then stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrate under reduced pressure, and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 40-to-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.69 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (t, J=6.44 Hz, 2H), 6.66 (dd, J=8.81, 1.02 Hz, 2H), 6.75 (t, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.20 (dd, J=8.65, 7.29 Hz, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 166.05 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 15B

2.3 -Dihydroquinolin-4( 1 H)-one

Example 15A (10.34 g, 62.6 mmol) and Eaton's reagent (Aldrich, 185 mL, 7.7% P ₂ O ₅ in CH ₃ SO ₃ H) were heated at 95 ⁰ C for 17 hours, and then stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was added to ice (1 L) with stirring, and 200 mL, IN sodium hydroxide in 25 mL portions was added to adjust the pH to 10. The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (1 L). The combined organic solution was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 30-70% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.71 (t, J=6.96 Hz, 2H), 3.50 (t,

J=6.96 Hz, 2H), 4.37 (br s, IH), 6.67 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.74 (t, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.30 (td, J=Ul, 1.53 Hz, IH), 7.85 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 148.02 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 15C l-Benzyl-2,3-dihvdroquinolin-4(lH)-one

Example 15B (1.32 g, 9.0 mmol), benzyl bromide (1.12 mL, 9.45 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (3.14 mL, 18.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (12 mL) were heated on a microwave at 15O ⁰ C for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrate under reduced pressure, and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to- 40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO- dβ) δ ppm 2.68 (t, J=I .12 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (t, J=6.95 Hz, 2H), 4.64 (s, 2H), 6.66 (t, J=6.95 Hz, IH), 6.78 (d, J=8.82 Hz, IH), 7.31 (m, 6H), 7.70 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 238.09 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 15D l-Benzyl-2,3-dihvdroquinolin-4(lH)-one O-methyl oxime Methoxylamine hydrochloride (0.74 g, 8.9 mmol) was added to a solution of Example 15C (1.92 g, 8.1 mmol) in pyridine (20 mL) and stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrate under reduced pressure, ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added, and the organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.88 (t, J=6.44 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (t, J=6.44 Hz, 2H), 3.97 (s, 3H), 4.47 (s, 2H), 6.65 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.70 (t, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.13 (td, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH), 7.31 (m, 5H), 7.92 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 267 '.11 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 15E l-Benzyl-1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-amine

Example 15D (2.11 g, 7.92 mmol) was added to a mixture of 20% ammonia in methanol (80 mL) and Raney nickel (20 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at ambient temperature for 4 hours. The solids were filtered off and washed with methanol, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.48 (br s, 2H), 1.88 (m, IH), 2.10 (m, IH), 3.34 (m, IH), 3.52 (td, ./=10.94, 3.56 Hz, IH), 4.05 (br s, IH), 4.51 (s, 2H), 6.53 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 6.64 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 7.03 (m, IH), 7.27 (m, 6H). MS (DCI) m/z 239.1

(M+H) ⁺ .

Example 15F N-ri-Benzyl-L2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-4-ylVN'-r7-hydroxy-5,6 J,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) followed by the addition of Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature and Example 15E (477 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-30% ethyl acetate in hexane, to afford 1-(1- benzyl- 1,2, 3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)-3-(7-(tert-butyldimethylsilylox y)-5, 6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (30 mL), sonicated after which water (300 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated, and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried overnight to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.57 (m, IH), 1.86 (m, IH), 2.00 (m, 2H), 2.31 (m, IH), 2.75 (m, 3H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.54 (d, J=4.07 Hz, 2H), 4.79 (m, IH), 4.84 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 6.53 (d, J=8.13 Hz, IH), 6.55 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 6.69 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.99 (m, 3H), 7.13 (d, J=7.12 Hz, IH), 7.29 (m, 5H), 7.49 (s, IH), 7.77 (dd, J=7.63, 3.22 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 428.2 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₇ H ₂₉ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.42 H ₂ O: C 74.53, H 6.91, N 9.66; Found: C 74.56, H 7.06, N 9.60.

Example 16

N-ri-Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-L2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin -4-yl1-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6J,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 16A 3 -Bromo-N-(3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)propanamide

3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline (Aldrich, 16.11 g, 100 mmol) was added to a suspension of potassium carbonate (27.64 g, 200 mmol) in dichloromethane (225 mL) followed by the addition of 3-bromopropionyl chloride (10.08 mL, 100 mmol) in

dichloromethane (40 mL). The mixture was stirred tor 4 nours at amoient temperature, quenched with water (200 mL), the organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through a silica gel plug, and rinsed with 1 : 1 ethyl acetate:hexane (400 mL), and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 2.99 (t, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (t, J=6.44 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.56 (t, J=7.97 Hz, IH), 7.77 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 8.11 (s, IH), 10.39 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 312.99 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 16B

1 -(3 -(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl)azetidin-2-one Sodium tert-butoxide (9.58 g, 100 mmol) was suspended in dimethylformamide

(30OmL) and stirred for an hour at ambient temperature. Example 16A (30.13 g, 102 mmol) in dimethylformamide (50 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 2.5 hours. The mixture was partitioned between tert-butyl methyl ether (1.0 L) and water (1.0 L), and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz,

OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 3.13 (t, J=4.58 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J=4.58 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (m, IH), 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.67 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 233.05 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 16C

7-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihvdroquinolin-4(lH)-one and 5-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,3- dihydroquinolin-4( 1 H)-one

To a solution of Example 16B (10.75 g, 50 mmol) dissolved in dichloroethane (500 mL) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (15.0 g, 100 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at 75 ⁰ C for 4 hours. After cooling potassium carbonate (50 g) and water (500 mL) were added. The organic layer was washed with water (500 mL) and brine, and dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound as a mixture of regioisomers: -45% 7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(lH)-one and -55% 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(lH)-one. MS (DCI) m/z 233.07 (M+NH ₄ ) ⁺ .

Example 16D 7-(Trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihvdroquinolin-4(lH)-one O-methyl oxime

Methoxylamine hydrochloride (4.14 g, 49.5 mmol) was added to a solution of Example 16C (9.69 g, 45.0 mmol) in pyridine (40 mL), and mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. Only one regioisomer, 7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3-dihydroquinolin-

4(lH)-one was converted to the oxime. The mixture was concentrated unαer reduced pressureand ethyl acetate (300 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed twice with water (300 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 20-70% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-dβ) δ ppm 2.70 (t, J=6.61 Hz, 2H), 3.19 (td, J=6.53, 1.86 Hz, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 6.57 (s, IH), 6.82 (dd, J=8.14, 1.70 Hz, IH), 6.97 (s, IH), 7.79 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 245.05 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 16E 1 -Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2,3 -dihydroquinolin-4( 1 H)-one O-methyl oxime

A mixture of Example 16D (1.71 g, 7.0 mmol), benzyl bromide (0.88 mL, 7.35 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (2.44 mL, 14.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (12 mL) were heated in a microwave Personal Chemistry at 15O ⁰ C for 40 minutes. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrate under reduced pressure, and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSCM ₆ ) δ ppm 2.84 (t, J=6.61 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=6.61 Hz, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 6.90 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 5H), 7.90 (d, J=8.81 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 335.10 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 16F

1 -Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-amine Example 16E (2.10 g, 6.28 mmol) was added to a mixture of 20% ammonia in methanol (100 mL) and Raney nickel (21 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at ambient temperature for 4 hours. The solids were filtered off, washed with methanol, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.48 (br s, 2H), 1.88 (m, IH), 2.07 (m, IH), 3.37 (m, IH), 3.53 (m, IH), 4.06 (br s, IH), 4.54 (s, 2H), 6.75 (s, IH), 6.86 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.31 (m, 6H). MS (DCI) m/z 307.1 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 16G

N-ri-Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-L2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin -4-yl1-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6J,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (5

mL) followed by the addition of Example IG (555 mg, z.v mmol) αissoiveα in acetonitπie (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol). The mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature after which Example 16F (613 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-30% ethyl acetate in hexane, to afford l-(l-benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4 -yl)-3-(7-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)ure a. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (30 mL), sonicated, and water was added (300 mL). The sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.59 (m, IH), 1.87 (m, IH), 2.04 (m, 2H), 2.31 (m, IH), 2.76 (m, 3H), 3.50 (m, 2H), 3.92 (m, IH), 4.63 (d, J=3.05 Hz, 2H), 4.86 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 4.89 (m, IH), 6.72 (m, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.00 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.27 (m, 3H), 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.51 (s, IH), 7.75 (d, J=9.15 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 496.2 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₈ F ₃ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.04 H ₂ O: C 67.77, H 5.70, N 8.47; Found: C 67.79, H 5.85, N 8.41.

Example 17

N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6 ,7,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-N'-(l -methyl- 1 ,2,3 A- tetrahvdroquinolin-4-yl)urea

Example 17A l-Methyl-2,3-dihvdroquinolin-4(lH)-one

Example 15B (1.62 g, 11.0 mmol), iodomethane (0.72 mL, 11.55 mmol), potassium carbonate (1.52 g, 11.0 mmol) in dimethylformamide (12 mL) were heated in a microwave at 12O ⁰ C for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the mixture was washed twice with water (200 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 10-60% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 2.63 (t, J=6.95 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.45 (t, J=6.95 Hz, 2H), 6.71 (t, J=6.95 Hz, IH), 6.84 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 7.42 (ddd, J=8.56, 7.04, 1.70 Hz, IH),

7.68 (dd, J=7.80, 2.03 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 162.U3 (M+hL) .

Example 17B l-Methyl-2,3-dihvdroquinolin-4(lH)-one O-methyl oxime Methoxylamine hydrochloride (0.88 g, 10.6 mmol) was added to a solution of Example 17A (1.55 g, 9.6 mmol) in pyridine (20 mL) and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSCM ₆ ) δ ppm 2.76 (t, J=6.61 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 3.11 (t, J=6.61 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (s, 3H), 6.69 (t, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.75 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 7.22 (td, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH), 7.73 (dd, J=7.80, 1.70 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 191.07 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 17C 1 -Methyl- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-amine

Example 17B (1.72 g, 9.06 mmol) was added to a mixture of 20% ammonia in methanol (100 mL) and Raney nickel (18 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at ambient temperature for 4 hours. The solids were filtered off, washed with methanol and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.46 (br s, 2H), 1.83 (m, IH), 2.07 (m, IH), 2.91 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, IH), 3.33 (ddd, J=I 1.53, 10.00, 3.56 Hz, IH), 3.98 (m, IH), 6.62 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 6.66 (t, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.13 (m, IH), 7.19 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 163.1 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 17D

N-(7-Hydroxy-5,6 ,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-N'-(l -methyl- 1 ,2,3 A- tetrahvdroquinolin-4-yl)urea

To a mixture of Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol). The mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature after which Example 17C (326 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand

chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 10-40% etnyi acetate in nexane, aiiorαing !-(_/- (tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l- yl)-3-(l-methyl-l, 2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was dissolved in methanol (30 mL), sonicated, and water was added (30OmL). The sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried overnight to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfe) δ ppm 1.57 (m, IH), 1.85 (m, IH), 1.94 (m, 2H), 2.29 (dd, J=16.45, 7.63 Hz, IH), 2.73 (m, 3H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.75 (m, IH), 4.84 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 6.63 (m, 3H), 6.94 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.99 (t, J=7.97 Hz, IH), 7.10 (m, 2H), 7.45 (s, IH), 7.76 (d, ./=8.14 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 352.1 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C _2I H ₂₅ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.24 H ₂ O: C 70.90, H 7.22, N 11.81; Found: C 70.91, H 7.21, N 11.63. Example 18

N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-ri-methyl- 7-(trifluoromethyl)- l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-4-yl ^" |urea

Example 18A l-Methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-2.3-dihydroquinolin-4(lH)-one O-methyl oxime Example 16D (2.20 g, 9.0 mmol), iodomethane (0.60 mL, 9.45 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.25 g, 9.0 mmol) in dimethylformamide (12 mL) were heated in a microwave Personal Chemistry at 12O ⁰ C for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.88 (t, J=6.61 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 3.20 (t, J=6.61 Hz, 2H), 3.99 (s, 3H), 6.86 (s, IH), 6.94 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.99 (d, ./=8.14 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 259.05 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 18B l-Methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-4-am ine

Example 18A (1.95 g, 7.55 mmol) was added to a mixture of 20% ammonia in methanol (100 mL) and Raney nickel (20 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was

shaken at ambient temperature for 4 hours. The soliαs were tntereα ott, wasneα witn methanol, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.84 (m, IH), 2.05 (m, IH), 2.95 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, IH), 3.40 (ddd, J=I 1.70, 9.66, 4.07 Hz, IH), 4.00 (t, J=4.75 Hz, IH), 6.76 (s, IH), 6.87 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.28 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 231.0 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 18C N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-ri-methyl- 7-(trifluoromethyl)- l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-4-yl ^" |urea

To a mixture of Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538 mg, 2.1 mmol) suspended in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (555 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 18B (460 mg, 2.0 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 10- 40% ethyl acetate in hexane, to afford l-(7- (tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l- yl)-3-(l-methyl-7- (trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-4-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (30 mL), sonicated, and water (300 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, DMSO-rf _< $) δ ppm 1.57 (m, IH), 1.86 (m, IH), 1.96 (m, 2H), 2.30 (dd, ./=16.78, 7.97 Hz, IH), 2.76 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.83 (m, 2H), 6.70 (d, J=6.78 Hz, IH), 6.81 (s, IH), 6.88 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.99 (m, 2H), 7.30 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.47 (s, IH), 7.74 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 420.2 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₄ F ₃ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.06 H ₂ O: C 62.84, H 5.78, N 9.99; Found: C 62.86, H 5.78, N 9.92. Example 19

N-ri-Benzyl-l^Jλ-tetrahvdroquinolin-S-ylVN'-^-hvdroxy-S. όJ.S- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 19A

Ethyl 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-:S-carpoxyiate

Ethyl quinoline-3-carboxylate (Aldrich, 15.44 g, 76.7 mmol) was added to a mixture of ethanol (150 mL) and 10% palladium on carbon (3.0 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at 5O ⁰ C for 52 hours. The solids were filtered, rinsed with methanol, concentrate under reduced pressure, and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 5-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfe) δ ppm 1.19 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 2.83 (m, 3H), 3.17 (m, IH), 3.39 (m, IH), 4.09 (q, J=7.12 Hz, 2H), 5.74 (s, IH), 6.44 (m, 2H), 6.86 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 206.10 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 19B

Ethyl 1-benzyl-l .2.3.4-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate Example 19A (6.16 g, 30.0 mmol), benzyl bromide (3.57 mL, 30.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (10.5 mL, 60.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (40 mL) were heated in a microwave at 15O ⁰ C for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate (400 mL) was added and the separated organic layer was washed twice with water (400 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSCM ₆ ) δ ppm 1.17 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 2.96 (m, 3H), 3.48 (m, 2H), 4.09 (q, J=I.12 Hz, 2H), 4.49 (d, J=7.45 Hz, 2H), 6.49 (m, 2H), 6.89 (m, IH), 6.97 (d, J=7.12 Hz, IH), 7.26 (m, 5H). MS (DCI) m/z 296.12 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 19C

1 -Benzyl- 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-3 -carboxylic acid Example 19B (8.84 g, 29.9 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (300 mL), 1.0N lithium hydroxide (300 mL) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressureand the aqueous layer was neutralized with citric acid (18.12 g, 94.3 mmol) and they were recombined. Water (100 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (300 mL), and brine, filtered, and dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^ ₆ ) δ ppm 2.88 (m, 3H), 3.49 (m, 2H), 4.49 (s, 2H), 6.48 (m, 2H), 6.88 (t, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.95 (d, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 7.27 (m, 5H). MS (DCI) m/z 268.10 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 19D

tert-Butyl 1 -benzyl- 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinoiin-:S -yicarpamate Example 19C (7.75 g, 29.0 mmol), diphenylphosphoryl azide (6.89 mL, 31.9 mmol), triethylamine (4.85 mL, 34.8 mmol) in tert-butanol (200 mL) were heated at 110 ⁰ C for 9 hours. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand diluted with 1: 1 ethyl acetate:hexane (200 mL). The crystals were filtered off, the filtrate was concentrate under reduced pressure, and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.42 (s, 9H), 2.74 (d, J=16.61 Hz, IH), 3.13 (d, J=16.11 Hz, IH), 3.30 (d, J=9.16 Hz, IH), 3.52 (d, J=12.04 Hz, IH), 4.21 (br s, IH), 4.49 (s, 2H), 4.82 (br s, IH), 6.58 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.63 (t, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.01 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 5H). MS (ESI) m/z 339.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 19E l-Benzyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-amine

Example 19D (1.36 g, 4.0 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL), and trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand 1.0N sodium hydroxide (100 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The combinded organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The solvent was evaporated to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.65 (dd, J=15.60, 7.46 Hz, IH), 3.09 (m, 2H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 4.48 (d, J=6.45 Hz, 2H), 6.56 (d, J=8.81 Hz, IH), 6.61 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 7.00 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 5H). MS (DCI) m/z 239.08 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 19F

N-q-Benzyl-l^Jλ-tetrahvdroquinolin-S-vn-N'-α-hvdroxy-S. όJ.S- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (578 mg, 2.26 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) followed by the addition of Example IG (596 mg, 2.15 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.18 mL, 2.26 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature after which Example 19E (512 mg, 2.15 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.12 mL, 6.44 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford l-(l-benzyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)-3-(7-(tert-

butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yijurea. i ne intermeαiate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 4.3 mL, 4.3 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (20 mL), sonicated, and additional water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.57 (m, IH), 1.86 (m, IH), 2.31 (m, IH), 2.74 (m, 4H), 3.08 (m, IH), 3.52 (d, J=10.85 Hz, IH), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.17 (m, IH), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.85 (m, IH), 6.51 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.54 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 6.69 (d,

J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.75 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.95 (m, 3H), 7.21 (m, IH), 7.30 (d, J=4.41 Hz, 4H), 7.65 (d, J=8.13 Hz, IH), 7.67 (d, J=2.71 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 428.29 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₇ H ₂₉ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.24 H ₂ O: C 75.09, H 6.88, N 9.73; Found: C 75.12, H 6.90, N 9.64. Example 20

N-ri-Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-L2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin -3-yl1-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6J,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 2OA

Ethyl 4-chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate Ethyl 4-hydroxy-7-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-3-carboxylate (Aldrich, 10.0 g, 35.1 mmol) and phosphorus oxychloride (100 mL, 1.07 mol) were refluxed for 2 hours. After cooling the mixture was poured onto ice (1.0 L) and stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was extracted twice with dichloromethane (500 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.40 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 4.46 (q, J=7.12 Hz, 2H), 8.14 (d, J=8.82 Hz, IH), 8.54 (s, IH), 8.62 (d, J=8.82 Hz, IH), 9.30 (s, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 303.95 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2OB Ethyl 7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-3-carboxylat e

Example 2OA (8.55 g, 28.0 mmol) was added to a mixture of tetrahydrofuran (100 mL), ethanol (200 mL), and 5% palladium on carbon (1.7 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The

mixture was shaken at 5O ⁰ C for 16 hours after whicn me sonαs were tntereα, πnseα witn methanol, and the filtrated concentrated under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.27 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 2.90 (m, IH), 3.03 (d, J=7.46 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (dd, J=I 1.52, 8.81 Hz, IH), 3.58 (dd, J=I 1.53, 3.73 Hz, IH), 4.06 (br s, IH), 4.19 (q, J=7.23 Hz, 2H), 6.71 (s, IH), 6.85 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 7.07 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 274.05 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 2OC

Ethyl 1 -benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinoline-3 -carboxylate Example 2OB (4.10 g, 15.0 mmol), benzyl bromide (1.78 mL, 15.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (5.22 mL, 30.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 mL) were heated in a microwave at 15O ⁰ C for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added, and the organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.25 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 2.98 (m, IH), 3.08 (d, J=7.12 Hz, 2H), 3.54 (m, 2H), 4.16 (qd, J=7.12, 2.03 Hz, 2H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 6.77 (s, IH), 6.85 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.10 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 3H). MS (DCI) m/z 364.14 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2OD l-Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-3-c arboxylic acid Example 2OC (5.15 g, 14.2 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL), and 1.0N lithium hydroxide (150 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The organic layer was separated, the aqueous layer was neutralized with citric acid (6.68 g, 34.8 mmol) and they were recombined. Water (100 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (300 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 2.99 (m, 3H), 3.58 (m, 2H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 6.66 (s, IH), 6.79 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.17 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.28 (m, 5H), 12.58 (br s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 336.08 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2OE tert-Butyl l-benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-3-vl carbamate

Example 2OD (4.63 g, 13.8 mmol), diphenyϊpnospnoryl aziαe {ό.ό niL, o.z mmol) and triethylamine (2.31 mL, 16.6 mmol) in tert-butanol (10OmL) were heated at 100 ⁰ C for 4.5 hours. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.43 (s, 9H), 2.78 (dd, ./=16.11, 4.24 Hz, IH), 3.12 (d, J=16.61 Hz, IH), 3.32 (d, J=10.85 Hz, IH), 3.54 (d, J= 12.21 Hz, IH), 4.21 (br s, IH), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.71 (br s, IH), 6.80 (s, IH), 6.86 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.06 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 3H). MS (ESI) m/z 407.1 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2OF 1 -Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3 -amine

To Example 2OE (1.22 g, 3.0 mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand 1.0M potassium carbonate (100 mL), was added and the mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in dichloromethane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.66 (dd, ./==16.28, 7.46 Hz, IH), 3.06 (d, J=15.26 Hz, IH), 3.14 (m, IH), 3.43 (m, 2H), 4.51 (d, J=4.07 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (s, IH), 6.84 (m, IH), 7.06 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 3H). MS (DCI) m/z 307.08 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2OG N-ri-Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-L2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-3- yl1-N'-(7-hydroxy-5,6J,8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

To Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (517 mg, 2.02 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (534 mg, 1.92 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.16 mL, 2.02 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 2OF (589 mg, 1.92 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.0 mL, 5.77 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 1-(1- benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)- 3-(7-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)ure a. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF,

3.85 mL, 3.85 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnignt at amoient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The solid was suspended in methanol (20 mL), sonicated, and water water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated, and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.57 (m, IH), 1.86 (m, IH), 2.30 (dd, J=16.45, 7.63 Hz, IH), 2.73 (m, 4H), 3.15 (d, J=16.96 Hz, IH), 3.61 (d, J=I 1.53 Hz, IH), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.22 (m, IH), 4.58 (s, 2H), 4.86 (t, J=3.73 Hz, IH), 6.71 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.83 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.97 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.19 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.23 (m, IH), 7.31 (m, 4H), 7.66 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 496.20 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₈ H ₂₈ F ₃ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.17 H ₂ O: C 67.45, H 5.73, N 8.43; Found: C 67.44, H 5.69, N 8.42. 6.88, N 9.73; Found: C 75.12, H 6.90, N 9.64.

Example 21

N-(7-Hydroxy-5,6 ,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-N'-(l -methyl- 1 ,2,3 A- tetrahydroquinolin-3 -vDurea

Example 21 A tert-Butyl 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-3-ylcarbamate

Example 19D (4.05 g, 12.0 mmol) was added to a mixture of methanol (100 mL) and 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (0.8 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The solids were filtered, rinsed with methanol, and the filtrate was concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-35% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.43 (s, 9H), 2.71 (d, J=I 6.27 Hz, IH), 3.05 (dd, J=16.45, 4.58 Hz, IH), 3.21 (d, J=9.84 Hz, IH), 3.38 (dd, J=I 1.36, 2.20

Hz, IH), 3.82 (br s, IH), 4.17 (br s, IH), 4.98 (br s, IH), 6.52 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.66 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 6.98 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 249.11 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2 IB tert-Butyl 1-methyl-l ,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-3-ylcarbamate Example 21A (880 mg, 3.54 mmol), sodium bicarbonate (536 mg, 6.38 mmol), dimethoxyethane (7 mL) and water (7 mL) were combined and dimethyl sulfate (0.44 mL, 4.61 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the separated organic layer was washed with saturated

sodium bicarbonate (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium suliate, intereα ana concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 5- 35% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.43 (s, 9H), 2.73 (d, J=16.27 Hz, IH), 2.90 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 3.37 (d, J=13.56 Hz, IH), 4.19 (br s, IH), 4.94 (br s, IH), 6.65 (m, 2H), 6.98 (d, J=I.12 Hz, IH), 7.12 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 263.13 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 21C

1 -Methyl- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3 -amine

Example 21B (980 mg, 3.74 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (15 mL), and trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 3 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. MS (DCI) m/z 163.08 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 2 ID

N-(7-Hydroxy-5,6 ,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-N'-(l -methyl- 1 ,2,3 A- tetrahydroquinolin-3 -vDurea

To Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (1.01 g, 3.92 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (1.04 g, 3.74 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and pyridine (0.32 mL, 3.92 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 21C (2.75 g) dissolved in acetonitrile (15 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (5.2 mL, 29.9 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 2 hours. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) and saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) were added and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 10-40% ethyl acetate in hexane, to afford l-(7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthal en-l-yl)-3- (l-methyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 6.5 mL, 6.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended in methanol (20 mL), sonicated, and water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated, and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried overnight to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.56 (m, IH), 1.84 (m, IH), 2.28 (dd, J=16.62, 7.80 Hz, IH), 2.71 (m, 4H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, IH),

3.89 (m, IH), 4.12 (m, IH), 4.81 (d, J=3.05 Hz, IHj, toy (t, j= ι.ιv Mz, iti), 0.04 (α, J=8.13 Hz, IH), 6.68 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.74 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.94 (d, J=7.12 Hz, IH), 6.97 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.04 (m, IH), 7.61 (s, IH), 7.68 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 352.17 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C _2I H ₂₅ N ₃ O ₂ : C 71.77, H 7.17, N 11.96; Found: C 71.77, H 7.16, N 11.77.

Example 22

N-(7-Hvdroxy-5.6.7.8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-ri-methyl -7-( ^' trifluoromethyl)- l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-3-vHurea

Example 22A tert-Butyl 7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-3 -ylcarbamate

Example 2OE (2.73 g, 6.71 mmol) was added to a mixture of methanol (60 mL) and 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (0.55 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at ambient temperature for 16 hours. The solids were filtered, rinsed with methanol, and the filtrate was concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.44 (s, 9H), 2.76 (d, J=I 6.61 Hz, IH), 3.05 (dd, J=16.79, 3.90 Hz, IH), 3.25 (d, J=10.51 Hz, IH), 3.42 (d, J=I 1.53, IH), 4.01 (s, IH), 4.18 (br s, IH), 4.86 (br s, IH), 6.73 (s, IH), 6.87 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 317.10 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 22B tert-Butyl 1 -methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3 -ylcarbamate

Example 22A (1.27 g, 4.0 mmol), iodomethane (0.25 mL, 4.0 mmol) and potassium carbonate (553 mg, 4.0 mmol) in dimethylformamide (12 mL) were heated in a microwave Personal Chemistry at 12O ⁰ C for 15 minutes. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added, and the separated organic layer washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.44 (s, 9H), 2.77 (d, J=16.61 Hz, IH), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.06 (dd, J=16.61, 4.07 Hz, IH), 3.15 (ddd, J=I 1.53, 4.75, 2.03 Hz, IH), 3.43 (dd, J=I 1.36, 2.54 Hz, IH), 4.20 (br s, IH), 4.81 (br s, IH), 6.79 (s, IH), 6.89 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=7.12 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 331.10 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 22C l-Methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-3-am ine

Example 22B (1.00 g, 3.03 mmol) was dissolved in αicniorometnane (13 mL), ana trifluoroacetic acid (3 mL) was added and the mixture stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. MS (DCI) m/z 231.06 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 22D

N-(7-Hydroxy-5.6.7.8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-ri-met hyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-

1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroquinolin-3-yl1urea

To Di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (816 mg, 3.18 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (842 mg, 3.03 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and pyridine (0.26 mL, 3.18 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 22C (1.86 g) dissolved in acetonitrile (15 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (4.2 mL, 24.2 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred overnight. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the separated organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 10-40% ethyl acetate in hexane, to afford 1 -(7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthale n- 1 -yl)-3 -( 1 -methyl-7- (trifluoromethyl)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 5.4 mL, 5.4 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was suspended methanol (20 mL), sonicated, and water (200 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated, and the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfc) δ ppm 1.56 (m, IH), 1.84 (m, IH), 2.27 (dd, ./=16.78, 7.29 Hz, IH), 2.73 (m, 4H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.06 (dd, ./=16.11, 4.24 Hz, IH), 3.15 (dd, ./=11.36, 5.26 Hz, IH), 3.45 (dd, J=I 1.19, 3.05 Hz, IH), 3.89 (m, IH), 4.16 (m, IH), 4.81 (d, J=3.73 Hz, IH), 6.69 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.74 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.81 (s, IH), 6.87 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.97 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.15 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.58 (s, IH), 7.68 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 420.23 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₄ F ₃ N ₃ O ₂ : C 63.00, H 5.77, N 10.02; Found: C 62.96, H 5.59, N 9.89.

Example 23

N-IYl -Benzyl- 1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl)methyl]-N'-(7-hydroxy-5.6.7. 8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 23A

Ethyl quinoline-2-carboxylate

Quinoline-2-carboxylic acid (Aldrich, 10.0 g, 57.7 mmol) was added to ethanol (500 mL) and sulfuric acid (25 mL) and refluxed for 7 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand dichloromethane (400 mL) was added. The organic layer was washed twice with saturated sodium bicarbonate (400 mL), dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.39 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 4.43 (q, J=7.12 Hz, 2H), 7.76 (ddd, J=8.14, 6.95, 1.19 Hz, IH), 7.88 (ddd, J=8.48, 6.95, 1.53 Hz, IH), 8.11 (m, 2H), 8.18 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH), 8.58 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z

202.05 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 23B

Ethyl 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-2-carboxylate

Example 23A (10.77 g, 53.5 mmol) was added to a mixture of acetic acid (400 mL) and 5% platinum on carbon (2.0 g) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at ambient temperature for 2 hours. The solids were filtered, rinsed with methanol and the filtrate was concentrate under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-25% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.20 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 1.98 (q, J=6.27 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 2.67 (dt, J=16.36, 5.89 Hz, IH), 4.02 (td, J=5.17, 2.54 Hz, IH), 4.12 (qd, J=7.12, 1.70 Hz, 2H), 5.93 (d, J=2.03 Hz, IH), 6.44 (td, J=7.46, 1.02 Hz, IH), 6.55 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.84 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 206.10 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 23C

Ethyl 1 -benzyl- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-2-carboxylate Example 23B (2.46 g, 12.0 mmol), benzyl bromide (1.5 mL, 12. mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (4.2 mL, 24.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (16 mL) were heated in a microwave at 15O ⁰ C for 30 minutes. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the separated organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H

NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 1.17 (t, J=6.96 Hz, OtL), ZA L (m, ItL), σ.σ& (m, L L±), 2.61 (dd, J=12.89, 5.09 Hz, IH), 2.70 (d, J=16.28 Hz, IH), 4.10 (t, J=7.46 Hz, 2H), 4.30 (t, J=3.57 Hz, IH), 4.36 (d, J=17.29 Hz, IH), 4.63 (d, J=16.95 Hz, IH), 6.39 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.50 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 6.89 (m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 5H). MS (DCI) m/z 296.12 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 23 D l-Benzyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-2-carboxamide

Ammonia in methanol (7N, 40 mL) was added to Example 23C (3.10 g, 10.5 mmol) in a stainless steel autoclave and the mixture was chilled to -75 ⁰ C. Anhydrous ammonia (20 mL) was added, the reactor was sealed, and the mixture was heated to 100

⁰ C for 40 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 50-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, OMSO-Cl ₆ ) δ ppm 1.94 (m, IH), 2.22 (m, IH), 2.63 (m, 2H), 3.97 (dd, J=5.09, 3.05 Hz, IH), 4.22 (d, J=17.63 Hz, IH), 4.75 (d, J=17.29 Hz, IH), 6.41 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.48 (t, J=7.29 Hz, IH), 6.88 (m, 2H), 7.13 (s, IH), 7.22 (m,

3H), 7.31 (m, 3H). MS (DCI) m/z 267.10 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 23E

(1 -Benzyl- 1, 2, 3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl)methanamine Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M in THF, 18.8 mL, 18.8 mmol) was added to Example 23D (1.67 g, 6.26 mmol) suspended in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL). The mixture stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature and was refluxed for 1 hour. The mixture was chilled to 0 ⁰ C followed by the sequential addition of water (1.6 mL), tetrahydrofuran (50 mL), 15% sodium hydroxide (1.6 mL) and water (3.2 mL). The mixture was filtered, the solids were rinsed with ethyl acetate (200 mL), and the combined filtrate was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.95 (m, IH), 2.11 (m, IH), 2.82 (m, 4H), 3.36 (td, J=8.39, 4.58 Hz, IH), 4.59 (d, J=6.44 Hz, 2H), 6.48 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.59 (t, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.99 (m, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.30 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 253.12 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 23 F N-r(l-Benzyl-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl)methyl1-N'-(7-h vdroxy-5.6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

To di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (539 mg, 2.1 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (556 mg, 2.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.17 mL, 2.1

mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature, ϋxampie lit, piD mg, 2.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05 mL, 6.0 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford l-((l-benzyl-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl)methyl)-3- (7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen - 1 -yl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 3.2 mL, 3.2 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (300 mL), washed with water (300 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrate under reduced pressure, and vacuum dried overnight to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfe) δ ppm 1.58 (m, IH), 1.84 (m, 2H), 2.03 (m, IH), 2.33 (dd, J=16.78, 7.63 Hz, IH), 2.78 (m, 5H), 3.12 (m, IH), 3.49 (m, IH), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.62 (q, J=15.85 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (d, J=4.41 Hz, IH), 6.33 (d, J=8.13 Hz, IH), 6.46 (td, J=7.29, 0.91 Hz, IH), 6.72 (m, 2H), 6.84 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 6.94 (dd, J=I .12, 1.02 Hz, IH), 6.97 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.22 (m, 3H), 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.56 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 442.28 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₈ H _3I N ₃ O ₂ • 0.39 EtOAc: C 74.60, H 7.23, N 8.83; Found: C 74.58, H 7.41, N 8.94. Example 24

N- { r 1 -Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl1methyl} -N'-(7-hydroxy-

5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 24A Dimethyl 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)maleate 3-(Trifluoromethyl)aniline (10.0 g, 62.0 mmol) and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (8.4 mL, 68.4 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (100 mL) and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CD ₃ OD) δ ppm 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 5.49 (s, IH), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.48 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 303.97 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 24b Methyl 4-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1.4-dihvdroquinoline-2-carboxylate and Methyl 4-oxo-

5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,4-dihvdroquinoline-2-carboxylate

Example 24A (14.42 g, 47.6 mmol) in diphenyl ether (20 mL) was added in 2 mL portions to diphenyl ether (150 mL) that was preheated to 245 ⁰ C. The mixture was heated for 1 hour at 250 ⁰ C then cooled to ambient temperature. Hexane (200 mL) was added to the mixture, the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with hexane (200 mL) and diethyl ether (100 mL), and air-dried to afford the title compound as a mixture of regioisomers: -85% methyl 4-oxo-7-(trifluoromethyl)-l,4-dihydroquinoline-2-carboxylate and -15% methyl 4-oxo-5-(trifluoromethyl)-l,4-dihydroquinoline-2-carboxylate . ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CD ₃ OD) δ ppm 4.05 (s, 3H), 7.00 (s, IH), 7.67 (dd, J=8.82, 1.70 Hz, IH), 8.21 (s, IH), 8.41 (d, J=8.48 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 271.91 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 24C

Methyl 4-chloro-7-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline-2-carboxylate Example 24B (9.53 g, 35.1 mmol) and phosphorus oxychloride (100 mL, 1.07 mol) were refluxed for 2 hours. After cooling, the mixture was poured onto ice (1.0 L) and stirred for 1 hour. The mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (400 mL), washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-40% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 3.99 (s, 3H), 8.19 (dd, J=8.65, 1.86 Hz, IH), 8.41 (s, IH), 8.52 (d, J=8.82 Hz, IH), 8.66 (s, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 289.94 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 24D

Methyl 7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylate Example 24C (8.21 g, 28.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8 5mL) was added to a mixture of 5% palladium on carbon (1.7 g) and methanol (85 mL) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen and pressurized with hydrogen (60 psi). The mixture was shaken at 50 ⁰ C for 16 hours. The solids were filtered, rinsed with methanol, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added, and the separated organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) and brine. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300

MHz, OMSO-d ₆ ) δ ppm 2.01 (m, 2H), 2.61 (m, IH), Z. Ii (dt, J=YbVS, SAl Hz, IhL), .3.6 / (s, 3H), 4.14 (td, J=5.08, 2.71 Hz, IH), 6.53 (d, J=2.38 Hz, IH), 6.73 (dd, J=7.80, 1.36 Hz, IH), 6.88 (d, J=1.69 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 259.90 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 24E Methyl l-benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-c arboxylate

Example 24D (1.30 g, 5.0 mmol), benzyl bromide (0.6 mL, 5.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (1.74 mL, 10.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (8 mL) were heated in a microwave at 15O ⁰ C for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the separated organic layer was washed twice with water (200 mL) and brine. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.14 (m, IH), 2.39 (dq, J=13.35, 3.69 Hz, IH), 2.77 (dd, J=8.99, 3.56 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 4.18 (dd, J=5.26, 2.88 Hz, IH), 4.32 (d, J=16.95 Hz, IH), 4.79 (d, J=16.95 Hz, IH), 6.78 (s, IH), 6.86 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.05 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 3H). MS (DCI) m/z 350.12 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 24F

1 -Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroquinoline-2-carboxamide Ammonia in methanol (7N, 20 mL) was added to Example 24E (1.56 g, 4.46 mmol) in a stainless steel autoclave, chilled to -75 ⁰ C followed by the addition of anhydrous ammonia (5 mL). The reactor was sealed and heated at 100 ⁰ C for 56 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 50-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.93 (m, IH), 2.47 (m, IH), 2.79 (m, 2H), 4.06 (dd, J=5.94, 2.55 Hz, IH), 4.40 (d, J=16.96 Hz, IH), 4.86 (d, ./=16.61 Hz, IH), 5.47 (br s, IH), 6.16 (br s, IH), 6.93 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=I.12 Hz, IH), 7.21 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 3H). MS (DCI) m/z 335.10 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 24G

(l-Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-y l)methanamine Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M in THF, 9.7 mL, 9.7mmol) was added to Example 24F (1.08 g, 3.24mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL). The mixture stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature then refluxed for 1 hour. After cooling to 0 ⁰ C, was added sequentially water (0.8 mL), tetrahydrofuran (25 mL), 15% sodium hydroxide (0.8 mL) and water (1.6 mL). The mixture was filtered, the solids were washed with ethyl acetate

(200 niL), and the organic layer was dried over sodium suliate, intereα, ana concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ ppm 1.92 (tt, J=12.76, 5.21 Hz, IH), 2.14 (m, IH), 2.81 (m, 4H), 3.40 (td, J=8.31, 4.75 Hz, IH), 4.62 (q, J=15.60 Hz, 2H), 6.69 (s, IH), 6.81 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.07 (d, J=7.12 Hz, IH), 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 2H). MS (DCI) m/z 321.08 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 24H l-((l-Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,3 , 4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl)methyl)-3-(7-(tert- butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6,7,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)ure a To di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (870 mg, 3.40 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (898 mg, 3.24 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) and pyridine (0.28mL, 3.40 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 24G (1.09 g) dissolved in acetonitrile (15mL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.7 mL, 9.7 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0- 30% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, DMSO-fik) δ ppm 0.08 (q, J=3.05 Hz, 6H), 0.86 (s, 9H), 1.64 (m, IH), 1.82 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, IH), 2.40 (dd, J=16.95, 7.46 Hz, IH), 2.77 (m, 4H), 2.94 (m, IH), 3.57 (m, IH), 4.10 (m, IH), 4.67 (q, J=15.60 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (s, IH), 6.68 (m, IH), 6.74 (d, J=7.46 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.14 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.23 (m, 3H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.46 (dd, J=7.12, 5.76 Hz, IH), 7.58 (s, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 62AA6 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 241 ν- { r 1 -Benzyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl1methyl} -ν'-(7-hydroxy-

5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 24H (831 mg, 1.33 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 2.7 mL, 2.7 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL), and the organic layer was washed with water (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, concentrate under reduced pressure, and vacuum dried overnight to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 1.58 (m, IH), 1.85 (m, 2H), 2.06 (m, IH), 2.34 (dd, J=16.62, 7.80 Hz, IH), 2.78 (m, 4H), 2.94 (m, IH), 3.16 (m, IH), 3.56 (m, IH), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.69 (q, J=15.71 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 6.53 (s, IH), 6.75

(m, 3H), 6.97 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.15 (d, J=7.80 Hz, iti), I .Zi (m, iti), i.iz (m, zti), 7.58 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 510.33 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₉ H ₃₀ F ₃ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.37 EtOAc: C 67.52, H 6.13, N 7.75; Found: C 67.45, H 6.21, N 7.91.

Example 25

N-(7-Hydroxy-5.6.7.8-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-{ri-me thyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl1methvUurea

Example 25A

Methyl 1 -methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-2-carboxylate Example 24D (1.31 g, 5.0 mmol), iodomethane (0.33 mL, 5.25 mmol) and potassium carbonate (691 mg, 5.0 mmol) in dimethylformamide (8 mL) were heated in a microwave at 12O ⁰ C for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate (200 mL) was added and the separated organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate (200 mL), brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 2.11 (m, IH), 2.31 (m, IH), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 4.08 (dd, J=5.76, 3.39 Hz, IH), 6.79 (s, IH), 6.86 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.01 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 274.05 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 25B

1 -Methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxamide Ammonia in methanol (7M, 15 mL) was added to Example 25A (1.15 g, 4.22 mmol) in a stainless steel autoclave and the mixture was cooled to -75 ⁰ C. Anhydrous ammonia (10 mL) was added and the reactor was sealed and heated at 100 ⁰ C for 48 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 50-100 % ethyl acetate in hexane to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.90 (m, IH), 2.40 (dq, J=13.23, 3.73 Hz, IH), 2.73 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.89 (dd, J=6.10, 3.05 Hz, IH), 5.49 (br s, IH), 6.13 (br s, IH), 6.88 (s, IH), 6.95 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.09 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 259.07 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 25C (l-Methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-y l)methanamine

Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M in THF, 8.1 mL, 8.1 mmol) was added to Example 25B (697 mg, 2.7mmol) suspended in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL). The mixture stirred for 1 hour at ambient temperature then refluxed for 1 hour. The mixture was

cooled to 0 ⁰ C followed by the sequential addition ot water {V. I mL), tetranyαroturan {zv mL), 15% sodium hydroxide (0.7 mL) and water (IAmL). The mixture was filtered, the solids were rinsed with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and the filtrate was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.85 (m, IH), 2.06 (m, IH), 2.74 (m, 3H), 2.91 (dd,

./=13.05, 4.92 Hz, IH), 3.03 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, IH), 6.72 (s, IH), 6.82 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.02 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 245.06 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 25D N-(7-Hvdroxy-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-{ri-methyl -7-(trifluoromethyl)- l,2,3,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-vHmethyl}urea

To di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (417 mg, 1.63 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) was added Example IG (430 mg, 1.55 mmol) in acetonitrile (5 mL) and pyridine (0.13 mL, 1.63 mmol) and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 25C (379 mg, 1.55 mmol) dissolved in acetonitrile (10 mL) and diisopropylethylamine (0.81 mL, 4.65 mmol) were added and the mixture stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-35% ethyl acetate in hexane, to afford l-(7-(ter?-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-3 -(( 1 -methyl-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydroquinolin-2-yl)methyl)urea. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL), tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 2.5 mL, 2.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand the residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-10% methanol in ethyl acetate. The solid was suspended in methanol (5 mL), sonicated, and water (150 mL) was added. The sonication was repeated, the solids were collected by filtration and rinsed with water, and freeze-dried to provide the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfe) δ ppm 1.58 (m, IH), 1.70 (m, IH), 1.86 (m, IH), 1.96 (m, IH), 2.33 (dd, J=16.61, 7.80 Hz, IH), 2.78 (m, 5H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 3.06 (m, IH), 3.41 (m, IH), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.86 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 6.70 (m, 3H), 6.80 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 6.98 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.11 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.56 (s, IH), 7.61 (d, ./=8.14 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 434.22 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₃ H ₂₆ F ₃ N ₃ O ₂ : C 63.73, H 6.05, N 9.69; Found: C 63.66, H 5.97, N 9.54.

Example 26

N-(7-Hydroxy-5 ,6 ,7,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-N'- { r7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahvdroquinolin-2-vHmethvUurea

Example 26A l-(7-(tert-Butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5.6.7.8-tetrahydronaphthal en-l-yl)-3-(;(;7-

(trifluoromethyl)- 1.2.3.4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl)methyl)urea Example 24H (780mg, 1.25mmol) was added to a mixture of ethanol (4OmL) and 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (190mg) in a Parr shaker. The glass reactor was sealed and flushed with nitrogen, and pressurized with hydrogen (60psi). The mixture was shaken at ambient temperature for 18 hours, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressurethe filtrate to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 0.08 (m, 6H), 0.86 (s, 9H), 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 2.39 (dd, J=16.95, 7.46 Hz, IH), 2.75 (m, 5H), 3.08 (m, IH), 4.11 (m, IH), 6.21 (s, IH), 6.71 (m, 4H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 7.57 (m, 2H). MS (ESI) m/z 534.41 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 26B N-(7-Hydroxy-5 ,6 ,7,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-N'- { r7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahvdroquinolin-2-vHmethvUurea

To Example 26A (650mg, 1.22mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2OmL) was added tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 2AAmL, 2.44mmol) and the mixture stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford a white solid. The residue was dissolved in methanol (1OmL) and water (15OmL). The mixture was sonicated and filtered. The solid was freeze-dried overnight to obtain the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 1.59 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 2.33 (dd, J=16.45, 7.63 Hz, IH), 2.76 (m, 5H), 3.08 (m, IH), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, IH), 4.85 (dd, J=4.24, 2.20 Hz, IH), 6.23 (s, IH), 6.70 (d, J=7.80 Hz, 2H), 6.78 (m, 2H), 6.98 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.04 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.59 (s, IH), 7.65 (d, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 420.20 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₄ F ₃ N ₃ O ₂ • 0.06 H ₂ O: C 62.84, H 5.78, N 9.99; Found: C 62.85, H 5.73, N 9.93.

Example 27 N-(7-Hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-r(l-methy l-l,2,3,4-

tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl)metnyi | -urea

Example 27A

Ethyl 1 -methyl- 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-2-carboxylate Example 23B (2.46g, 12.0mmol), iodomethane (1.12mL, 18.0mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.66g, 12.0mmol) in dimethylformamide (12mL) were stirred overnight at ambient temperature. To the mixture was added ethyl acetate (20OmL). The separated organic solution was washed with water (2x200mL), brine (Ix), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrate under reduced pressure. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-20% ethyl acetate in hexane to provide the title compound. Obtained 2.2 Ig (84% yield) of Example 27A as a colorless liquid. ¹ H

NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.24 (t, J=7.12 Hz, 3H), 2.12 (m, IH), 2.29 (dq, ./=13.18, 4.31 Hz, IH), 2.68 (d, ./=4.41 Hz, IH), 2.71 (m, IH), 2.95 (s, 3H), 4.01 (dd, J=5.08, 3.73 Hz, IH), 4.17 (dq, ./=8.14, 7.12 Hz, 2H), 6.63 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, J=7.46 Hz, IH), 7.10 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 220.10 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 27B

1 -Methyl- 1 ,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinoline-2-carboxamide

Added 7N ammonia in methanol (4OmL) to Example 27A (2.1Og, 9.59mmol) in a stainless steel autoclave chilled to -75 ⁰ C followed by the addition of anhydrous ammonia (2OmL). The reactor was sealed and heated at 100 ⁰ C for 48 hours. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to a brown solid which was chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 50-to-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-έfc) δ ppm 1.82 (m, IH), 2.10 (m, IH), 2.56 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 3.79 (dd, J=5.42, 3.73 Hz, IH), 6.51 (td, J=7.29, 1.02 Hz, IH), 6.57 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.87 (dd, J=I .12, 1.36 Hz, IH), 7.01 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH), 7.08 (s, IH), 7.23 (s, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 191.09 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 27C

( 1 -Methyl- 1,2,3 ,4-tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl)methanamine Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0M in THF, 18.9mL, 18.9mmol) was added to Example 27B (1.2Og, 6.3mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3OmL). The mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours at ambient temperature then refluxed for 1 hour. The mixture was chilled to 0

⁰ C, followed by the sequential addition of water (1.6mL), tetrahydrofuran (5OmL), 15% sodium hydroxide (1.6mL) and water (3.2mL). The mixture was filtered and the solids were rinsed with ethyl acetate (20OmL). The combined organic solution was dried with

sodium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide me title compounα. hi NMR (300 MHz, CDCl ₃ ) δ ppm 1.87 (m, IH), 2.03 (m, IH), 2.72 (m, 3H), 2.89 (dd, ./=12.88, 4.74 Hz, IH), 2.99 (s, 3H), 3.23 (m, IH), 6.57 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH), 6.59 (t, J=7.12 Hz, IH), 6.96 (d, J=7.12 Hz, IH), 7.09 (t, J=7.80 Hz, IH). MS (DCI) m/z 177.10 (M+H) ⁺ . Example 27D

N-(7-Hvdroxy-5.6.7.8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-r(l-me thyl-1.2.3.4- tetrahvdroquinolin-2-yl)methyl1-urea

To di(N-succinimidyl) carbonate (538mg, 2.1mmol) in acetonitrile (5mL) was added Example IG (555mg, 2.0mmol) in acetonitrile (5mL) and pyridine (0.17mL, 2. lmmol) and the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at ambient temperature. Example 27C (353mg, 2.0mmol) in acetonitrile (1OmL) and diisopropylethylamine (1.05mL, 6.0mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressureand chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to- 40% ethyl acetate in hexane to provide 780mg of l-(7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)- 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -yl)-3 -(( 1 -methyl- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2- yl)methyl)urea as a white foam. The intermediate was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (2OmL) followed by the addition of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0M in THF, 3.25mL, 3.25mmol) and the mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and chromatographed on silica gel eluting with 0-to-10% methanol in ethyl acetate to afford a white solid. The residue was suspended in methanol (15mL), sonicated followed by the addition of water (25OmL), repeated sonication, the solids were collected by filtration, rinsed with water, and freeze-dried the wet cake overnight to provide the title compound. ¹ H νMR (300 MHz, DMSO-^) δ ppm 1.58 (m, IH), 1.71 (m, IH), 1.90 (m, 2H), 2.33 (dd, J=16.28, 8.14 Hz, IH), 2.60 (m, IH), 2.78 (m, 4H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 3.03 (m, IH), 3.92 (br s, IH), 4.86 (d, J=4.07 Hz, IH), 6.50 (m, 2H), 6.71 (m, 2H), 6.91 (d, J=7.12 Hz, IH), 6.98 (m, 2H), 7.55 (s, IH), 7.63 (d, J=8.14 Hz, IH). MS (ESI) m/z 366.20 (M+H) ⁺ . Calcd for C ₂₂ H ₂₇ N ₃ O ₂ : C 72.30, H 7.45, N 11.50; Found: C 72.37, H 7.50, N 11.46.

Example 28

N-(7-hvdroxy-5.6.7.8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-N'-{(3R)- 3-r4- (trifluoromethvl)phenvlicvclohexvUurea

Example 28 A

(Ry3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cvclohexanone

To a 40ml microwave flask containing dioxane/H ₂ 0 (10/1) (22mL) was added cyclohexen-1-one (1.35g, 14.0mmol), acetylacetonatobis(ethylene)rhodium(I) (0.36g, 1.40mmol), R-2,2'-bis(diphenyl-phosphino)-l,l'-binaphthyl (0.88g, 1.40mmol) and A-

(trifluoromethyl)-phenylboronic acid (5.Og, 28.0mmol). The mixture was heated in the microwave (Personal Chemistry) at 100 ⁰ C for 20 minutes. The material was transfered to a separatory funnel and extracted with ethyl acetate (15OmL). The resulting organic layer was washed with NaHCθ3 (ISmL), dried (Na ₂ SO ₄ ), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The mixture was purified on SiO ₂ (hexane/ethyl acetate 4/1) to provide the title compound. [α] _D = ⁺ 13.62 C=LO (CH ₃ OH). ¹ H NMR (CD ₃ OD, 300MHz); δ 1.72- 2.20 (m, 5H), 2.35-2.73 (m, 3H), 3.06-3.15 (m, IH), 7.40-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.63 (m, 2H). MS(+ESI)m/z 242 (M+NH ₄ -H ₂ O) ⁺ .

Example 28B

(R)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cvclohexanone O-methyl oxime To a flask containing Example 28A (1.97g, 8.60mmol) was added pyridine (1OmL) followed by N-methoxyamine hydrochloride (0.8 Ig, 9.60mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, taken up in ethyl acetate, washed with sat NaHCO ₃ , dried (Na ₂ SO ₄ ), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on SiO ₂ (hexane/ethyl acetate 4/1) to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (CD ₃ OD, 300MHz); δ 1.48-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.92-2.52 (m, 5H), 2.75-2.87 (m, IH), 3.22-3.35 (m, IH), 3.79 (d, J=I.70Hz, 3H), 7.46 (d, J=8.14Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.48Hz, 2H). MS(DCI)m/z 272 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 28C

(3R)-3-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cvclohexanamine To a flask containing Example 28B (1.8Og, 6.90mmol) was added saturated NH ₃ /CH ₃ OH (5OmL), RaNi (20%, 5.0 eq by weight) and subjected to an atmosphere of hydrogen gas (60psi). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours, filtered and washed with 5OmL of methanol. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified on SiO ₂ (hexane/ethyl acetate 1/1) to afford the title

compound. ¹ H NMR (CD ₃ OD, 300MHz); δ 1.45-1.86 (m, iti), L.ys-Z.SS (m, StI), 2.W- 2.88 (m, IH), 3.20-3.35 (m, IH), 7.45 (d, J=8.1Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.4Hz, 2H). MS(DCI)m/z 244 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 28D l-(7-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-5,6J,8-tetrahvdronaphthale n-l-yl)-3-( ^' ( ^' 3R)-3-( ^' 4-

(trifluoromethvDphenvDcyclohexyDurea

In a 25OmL round bottom flask containing acetonitrile (2OmL) was added Example IG (0.8Og, 2.90mmol) followed by di(succinimidyl)carbonate (0.24g, 3.0mmol) (Fluka) and pyridine (0.25mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Example 28C (0.7Og, 2.90mmol) was added as a solution in acetonitrile (1OmL) and disopropylethylamine (1.6OmL, 9.10mmol) to the mixture and allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The material was purified on Siθ ₂ (hexane/ethyl acetate 4/1 tol/1) to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (DMSO, 300MHz); δ 0.86 (s, 9H), 1.18-2.18 (m, 15H), 2.45-2.58 (m, IH), 2.71-2.98 (m, 4H), 3.65-3.76 (m, IH), 4.05-4.18 (m, 2H), 6.83-6.88 (m, IH), 7.01-7.06 (m, IH), 7.26 (d, J=7.80Hz, IH), 7.36-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.58 (m, 2H). MS(DCI)m/z 547 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 28E l-(7-hvdroxy-5.6.7.8-tetrahvdronaphthalen-l-yl)-3-((3R)-3-(4 -

(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)cyclohexyl)urea To a round bottom flask containing Example 28D (1.56g, 2.90mmol) was added

THF (3OmL) followed by tetrabutylammoniumfluoride IM in THF (5.7OmL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The material was purified on Siθ ₂ (hexane/ethyl acetate 1/6) to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (DMSO, 300MHz); δ 1.07-2.07 (m, 10H), 2.27-2.40 (m, IH), 2.63-2.87 (m, 4H), 3.54-3.64 (m, 0.5H), 3.85-3.97 (m, 0.5H), 4.83-4.90 (m, IH), 6.57

(d, J=7.12Hz, IH), 6.68 (d, J=7.12Hz, IH), 6.93-6.99 (m, IH), 7.41 (s, IH), 7.47-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 3H). MS(DCI)m/z 433 (M+H) ⁺ . CaIc for C ₂₄ H ₂₇ N ₂ O ₂ F ₃ : C, 71.29; H, 8.03; N, 10.39. Found: C, 71.18; H, 8.07; N, 10.02.

Example 29

N-{(3S)-3-r4-( ^' dimethylamino)phenyl1cvclopentvU-N'-( ^' 7-hvdroxy-5.6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

Example 29A

(S)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)cvclopentanone

The title compound was prepared using the procedure as described in Example 28A, substituting 2-cyclopenten-l-one for cyclohexen-1-one, S-BINAP and A-

(dimethylamino)-phenylboronic acid for 4-(tertbutyl)-phenylboronic acid. The mixture was purified on SiC> ₂ (hexane/ethyl acetate 4/1) to provide the title compound. [α]o= 22.31 C=LO (CH ₃ OH). ¹ H NMR (CD ₃ OD ₁ SOOMHZ)^ 1.85-2.01 (m, IH), 2.21-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.42-2.50 (m,lH), 2.88 (s, 6H), 3.29-3.39 (m, IH), 6.78-6.81 (m, 2H), 7.11-7.21 (m, 2H). MS(DCI)m/z 204 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 29B

(S)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)cyclopentanone O-methyl oxime The title compound was prepared using the procedure as described in Example

28B, substituting Example 29A for Example 28A. Purified on Siθ ₂ (hexane/ethyl acetate 1/1) to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (CD ₃ OD, 300MHz); δ 1.85-2.00 (m, IH), 2.20-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.48-2.52 (m,lH), 2.90 (s, 6H), 3.30-3.40 (m, IH), 3.90 (s, 3H), 6.75- 6.80 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H). MS(DCI)m/z 219 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 29C

4-((lS)-3-aminocyclopentyl)-N.N-dimethylaniline

The title compound was prepared using the procedure as described in Example 28C, except for substituting Example 29B for Example 28B. Purified on Siθ ₂

(hexane/ethyl acetate 1/4) to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (CD ₃ OD, 300MHz); δ 1.33-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.68-2.32 (m, 4H), 2.86 (s, 6H), 3.08-3.54 (m, 2H), 6.70-6.84 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.13 (m, 2H). MS(DCI)m/z 205 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 29D l-CV-Ctert-butyldimethylsilyloxyl-S.όJ.S-tetrahvdronaphthal en-l-vn-S-COS)^-^-

(dimethylamine)phenyl)cvclopentyl)urea In a 25OmL round bottom flask containing acetonitrile (2OmL) was added Example

IG (0.80g, 2.90mmol) followed by di(succinimidyl)carbonate (0.24g, 3.0mmol) (Fluka) and pyridine (0.25mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. Example 29C (0.7Og, 2.90mmol) was added as a solution in acetonitrile (1OmL) and disopropylethylamine (1.6OmL, 9.10mmol) to the mixture and allowed to stir at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The material was purified on Siθ ₂ (hexane/ethyl acetate 4/1 tol/1) to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (DMSO, 300MHz); δ 0.87 (s, 9H), 1.31-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.79-2.10 (m, 4H), 2.26-2.42 (m, 2H), 2.65-3.11 (m, 10H), 3.31 (s, 6H), 3.98-4.16 (m, 2H), 6.65-6.71 (m, 4H), 6.95 (t, J=7.80, IH), 7.03-7.10 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=7.80Hz, IH), 7.54-7.64 (m, IH). MS(DCI)m/z 508 (M+H) ⁺ .

Example 29E l-((3S)-3-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)cyclopentyl)-3-(7-hydroxy -5.6.7.8- tetrahydronaphthalen- 1 -vDurea

To a round bottom flask containing Example 29D (1.Og, 2.0mmol) was added THF (2OmL) followed by tetrabutylammoniumfluoride IM in THF (4.OmL) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the material was purified on Siθ ₂ (ethyl acetate/ 10%methanol) to provide the title compound. ¹ H NMR (DMSO, 300MHz); δ 1.31-1.64 (m, 4H), 1.79-2.36 (m, 7H), 2.61-2.81 (m, 8H), 2.84-3.12 (m, IH), 3.92-4.07 (m, IH), 6.66-6.79 (m, 4H), 6.97 (t, J=7.12Hz, IH), 7.06-7.10 (m, 2H), 7.36 (d, J=6.80Hz, IH), 7.69 (t, J=6.80Hz, IH). MS(DCI)m/z 394 (M+H) ⁺ . CaIc for C ₂₄ H _3I N ₃ O ₂ : C, 71.29; H, 8.03; N, 10.39. Found: C, 71.18; H, 8.07; N, 10.02.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

The application also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I) in combination with a

pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The compositions comprise compounαs ot me application formulated together with one or more non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The pharmaceutical compositions can be formulated for oral administration in solid or liquid form, for parenteral injection or for rectal administration. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier," as used herein, means a non-toxic, inert solid, semi-solid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil and soybean oil; glycols; such a propylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen- free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol, and phosphate buffer solutions, as well as other non-toxic compatible lubricants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releasing agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the composition, according to the judgment of one skilled in the art of formulations. The pharmaceutical compositions of this application can be administered to humans and other mammals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments or drops), bucally or as an oral or nasal spray. The term "parenterally," as used herein, refers to modes of administration, including intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrasternal, subcutaneous, intraarticular injection and infusion.

Pharmaceutical compositions for parenteral injection comprise pharmaceutically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions and sterile powders for reconstitution into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. Examples of suitable aqueous and nonaqueous carriers, diluents, solvents or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, and the like, and suitable mixtures thereof), vegetable oils (such as olive oil) and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate, or suitable mixtures thereof. Suitable fluidity of the composition may be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of

surfactants.

These compositions can also contain adjuvants such as preservative agents, wetting agents, emulsifying agents, and dispersing agents. Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. It also can be desirable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars, sodium chloride and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form can be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.

In some cases, in order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This can be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug can depend upon its rate of dissolution, which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, a parenterally administered drug form can be administered by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oil vehicle.

Suspensions, in addition to the active compounds, can contain suspending agents, for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol and sorbitan esters, microcrystalline cellulose, aluminum metahydroxide, bentonite, agar-agar, tragacanth, and mixtures thereof. If desired, and for more effective distribution, the compounds of the application can be incorporated into slow-release or targeted-delivery systems such as polymer matrices, liposomes, and microspheres. They may be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacteria-retaining filter or by incorporation of sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions, which may be dissolved in sterile water or some other sterile injectable medium immediately before use.

Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsulated matrices of the drug in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of drug to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of drug release can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides) Depot injectable formulations also are prepared by entrapping the drug in liposomes or microemulsions which are compatible with body tissues.

The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid

compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or otner sterile lnjectaoie medium just prior to use.

Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions can be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation also can be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic, parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent such as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U. S. P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.

Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, one or more compounds of the application is mixed with at least one inert pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and salicylic acid; b) binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia; c) humectants such as glycerol; d) disintegrating agents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate; e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin; f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds; g) wetting agents such as cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate; h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay; and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents.

Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols.

The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well-known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They can optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract in a delayed manner. Examples of materials useful for delaying release of the active agent can include polymeric substances

and waxes.

Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this application with suitable non- irritating carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.

Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.

Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.

Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this application include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches. A desired compound of the application is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required. Ophthalmic formulation, eardrops, eye ointments, powders and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this application. The ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in addition to an active compound of this application, animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof.

Powders and sprays can contain, in addition to the compounds of this application, lactose, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates and polyamide powder, or mixtures of these substances. Sprays can additionally contain customary propellants such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons.

Compounds of the application also can be administered in the form of liposomes. As is known in the art, liposomes are generally derived from phospholipids or other lipid

substances. Liposomes are formed by mono- or multi-iameiiar nyαrateα nquiα crystals mat are dispersed in an aqueous medium. Any non- toxic, physiologically acceptable and metabolizable lipid capable of forming liposomes may be used. The present compositions in liposome form may contain, in addition to the compounds of the application, stabilizers, preservatives, and the like. The preferred lipids are the natural and synthetic phospholipids and phosphatidylcholines (lecithins) used separately or together.

Methods to form liposomes are known in the art. See, for example, Prescott, Ed., Methods in Cell Biology, Volume XIV, Academic Press, New York, N. Y., (1976), p 33 et seq. Dosage forms for topical administration of a compound of this application include powders, sprays, ointments and inhalants. The active compound is mixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives, buffers or propellants. Ophthalmic formulations, eye ointments, powders and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of this application. Aqueous liquid compositions of the application also are particularly useful.

The compounds of the application can be used in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, or amides derived from inorganic or organic acids. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and amides," as used herein, include salts, zwitterions, esters and amides of compounds of formula (I) which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and are effective for their intended use. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well-known in the art. The salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of the application or separately by reacting a free base function with a suitable organic acid. Representative acid addition salts include, but are not limited to acetate, adipate, alginate, citrate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, digluconate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, fumarate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2- hydroxyethansulfonate (isethionate), lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, nicotinate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate,

oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivaiate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, phosphate, glutamate, bicarbonate, p-toluenesulfonate and undecanoate.

Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups can be quaternized with such agents as lower alkyl halides such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates such as dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl and diamyl sulfates; long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides; arylalkyl halides such as benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others. Water or oil-soluble or dispersible products are thereby obtained. Examples of acids which can be employed to form pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include such inorganic acids as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulphuric acid and phosphoric acid and such organic acids as oxalic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, and citric acid.

Basic addition salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of compounds of this application by reacting a carboxylic acid-containing moiety with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate or bicarbonate of a pharmaceutically acceptable metal cation or with ammonia or an organic primary, secondary or tertiary amine. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, cations based on alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum salts, and the like, and nontoxic quaternary ammonia and amine cations including ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine and the such as. Other representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperidine, and piperazine.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable ester," as used herein, refers to esters of compounds of the application which hydro lyze in vivo and include those that break down readily in the human body to leave the parent compound or a salt thereof. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, non-toxic esters of the application include Ci-to-Cβ alkyl esters and Cs-to-C? cycloalkyl esters, although (VtO-C ₄ alkyl esters are preferred. Esters of the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared according to conventional methods. Pharmaceutically acceptable esters can be appended onto hydroxy groups by reaction of the compound that contains the hydroxy group with acid and an alkylcarboxylic acid such as acetic acid, or with acid and an arylcarboxylic acid such as benzoic acid. In the case of

compounds containing carboxylic acid groups, the pnarmaceuticaiiy acceptaoie esters are prepared from compounds containing the carboxylic acid groups by reaction of the compound with base such as triethylamine and an alkyl halide, alkyl trifilate, for example with methyl iodide, benzyl iodide, cyclopentyl iodide. They also can be prepared by reaction of the compound with an acid such as hydrochloric acid and an alkylcarboxylic acid such as acetic acid, or with acid and an arylcarboxylic acid such as benzoic acid.

The term "pharmaceutically acceptable amide," as used herein, refers to non-toxic amides of the application derived from ammonia, primary Ci-to-Cβ alkyl amines and secondary Ci-to-Cβ dialkyl amines. In the case of secondary amines, the amine can also be in the form of a 5- or 6-membered heterocycle containing one nitrogen atom. Amides derived from ammonia, Ci-to-C3 alkyl primary amides and Ci-to-C ₂ dialkyl secondary amides are preferred. Amides of the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared according to conventional methods. Pharmaceutically acceptable amides can be prepared from compounds containing primary or secondary amine groups by reaction of the compound that contains the amino group with an alkyl anhydride, aryl anhydride, acyl halide, or aroyl halide. In the case of compounds containing carboxylic acid groups, the pharmaceutically acceptable esters are prepared from compounds containing the carboxylic acid groups by reaction of the compound with base such as triethylamine, a dehydrating agent such as dicyclohexyl carbodiimide or carbonyl diimidazole, and an alkyl amine, dialkylamine, for example with methylamine, diethylamine, piperidine. They also can be prepared by reaction of the compound with an acid such as sulfuric acid and an alkylcarboxylic acid such as acetic acid, or with acid and an arylcarboxylic acid such as benzoic acid under dehydrating conditions as with molecular sieves added. The composition can contain a compound of the application in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug" or "prodrug," as used herein, represents those prodrugs of the compounds of the application which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, and the like, commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and effective for their intended use. Prodrugs of the application can be rapidly transformed in vivo to a parent compound of formula (I), for example, by hydrolysis in blood. A thorough discussion is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, V. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Edward B. Roche, ed., Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press (1987).

The application contemplates pharmaceutically active compounαs eitner chemically synthesized or formed by in vivo biotransformation to compounds of formula

(I)-

Biological Activity

In Vitro Data -Determination of Inhibition Potencies

Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (D-MEM)(with 4.5 mg/mL glucose) and fetal bovine serum were obtained from Hyclone Laboratories, Inc. (Logan, Utah). Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (D-PBS)(with 1 mg/mL glucose and 3.6 mg/1 Na pyruvate)(without phenol red), L-glutamine, hygromycin B, and Lipofectamine™ were obtained from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY). G418 sulfate was obtained from Calbiochem-Novabiochem Corp. (San Diego, CA). Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6- nonenamide) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Co. (St. Louis, MO). Fluo-4 AM (N- [4- [6-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2,7-difluoro-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl]- 2-[2-[2-[bis[2- [(acetyloxy)methoxy] -2-oxy ethyl] amino]-5-methylphenoxy] ethoxy]phenyl] -N- [2-

[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxyethyl]-glycine, (acetyloxy)methyl ester) was purchased from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR).

The cDNAs for the human TRPVl receptor were isolated by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from human small intestine poly A+RNA supplied by Clontech (Palo Alto, CA) using primers designed surrounding the initiation and termination codons identical to the published sequences (Hayes et al. Pain 88: 205-215, 2000). The resulting cDNA PCR products were subcloned into pCIneo mammalian expression vector (Promega) and fully sequenced using fluorescent dye-terminator reagents (Prism, Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems Division) and a Perkin-Elmer Applied Biosystems Model 373 DNA sequencer or Model 310 genetic analyzer. Expression plasmids encoding the hTRPVl cDNA were transfected individually into 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells using Lipofectamine™. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the neomycin-resistant cells were selected with growth medium containing 800 μg/mL Geneticin (Gibco BRL). Surviving individual colonies were isolated and screened for TRPVl receptor activity. Cells expressing recombinant homomeric TRPVl receptors were maintained at 37 ⁰ C in D-MEM containing 4 mM L-glutamine, 300 μg/mL G418 (Cal-biochem) and 10% fetal bovine serum under a humidified 5% CO ₂ atmosphere.

The functional activity of compounds at the TRPVl receptor was determined with

a Ca ⁺ influx assay and measurement of intracellular ua levels ([^a jij. Aii compounαs were tested over an 11 -point half-log concentration range. Compound solutions were prepared in D-PBS (4x final concentration), and diluted serially across 96-well v-bottom tissue culture plates using a Biomek 2000 robotic automation workstation (Beckman- Coulter, Inc., Fullerton, CA). A 0.2 μM solution of the TRPVl agonist capsaicin was also prepared in D-PBS. The fluorescent Ca ²⁺ chelating dye fluo-4 was used as an indicator of the relative levels of [Ca ]i in a 96-well format using a Fluorescence Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR)(Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Cells were grown to confluency in 96-well black-walled tissue culture plates. Then, prior to the assay, the cells were loaded with 100 μL per well of fluo-4 AM (2 μM, in D-PBS) for 1-2 hours at 23 ⁰ C. Washing of the cells was performed to remove extracellular fluo-4 AM (2 x 1 mL D-PBS per well), and afterward, the cells were placed in the reading chamber of the FLIPR instrument. 50 μL of the compound solutions were added to the cells at the 10 second time mark of the experimental run. Then, after a 3 minute time delay, 50 μL of the capsaicin solution was added at the 190 second time mark (0.05 μM final concentration)(final volume = 200 μL) to challenge the TRPVl receptor. Time length of the experimental run was 240 seconds. Fluorescence readings were made at 1 to 5 second intervals over the course of the experimental run. The peak increase in relative fluorescence units (minus baseline) was calculated from the 190 second time mark to the end of the experimental run, and expressed as a percentage of the 0.05 μM capsaicin (control) response. Curve-fits of the data were solved using a four-parameter logistic Hill equation in GraphPad Prism® (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, CA), and IC ₅₀ values were calculated.

The compounds of the present application were found to be antagonists of the vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (TRPVl) receptor with ICsos lower than 12 μM, preferably lower than 5 μM, more preferably less than 1 μM, and most preferably less than 0.1 μM.

In Vivo Data - Determination of Antinociceptive Effect

Experiments were performed on 400 adult male 129J mice (Jackson Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME), weighing 20-25 g. Mice were kept in a vivarium, maintained at 22 ⁰ C, with a 12 hour alternating light-dark cycle with food and water available ad libitum. All experiments were performed during the light cycle. Animals were randomly divided into separate groups of 10 mice each. Each animal was used in one experiment only and was sacrificed immediately following the completion of the experiment. All animal handling

and experimental procedures were approved by an IAUUU committee, ine complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced Thermal Hyperalgesia (CFA) assay described in Pircio et ah, Eur J Pharmacol. Vol. 31(2), pages 207-215 (1975). Chronic inflammatory hyperalgesia was induced in one group of rats following the injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 50%, 150 μL) into the plantar surface of the right hindpaw 48 hours prior to testing. Thermal nociceptive thresholds were measured in three different groups of rats. The ED _5Os were determined based on the oral administration.

The in vitro and in vivo data demonstrates that compounds of the present application antagonize the TRPVl receptor and are useful for treating pain, bladder overactivity, and urinary incontinence.

Methods of use

Compounds and compositions of the application are useful for ameliorating or preventing disorders involving TRPVl receptor activation such as, but not limited to pain, nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, migraine, ostheoarthritis pain, chronic lower pain, allodynia, pain associated with inflammation, bladder overactivity, and urinary incontinence as described by Nolano, M. et al., Pain, Vol. 81, pages 135-145, (1999); Caterina, MJ. and Julius, D., Annu. Rev. Neurosci. Vol. 24, pages 487-517 (2001); Caterina, MJ. et ah, Science Vol. 288 pages 306-313 (2000); Caterina, MJ. et ah, Nature Vol. 389, pages 816-824 (1997); Fowler, C. Urology Vol. 55, pages 60- 64 (2000); and Davis, J. et ah, Nature Vol. 405, pages 183-187.

Compounds of the invention may be administered alone, or in combination with one or more other compounds of the invention, or in combination (i.e. co-administered) with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents. For example, a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, may be administered in combination with one or more nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as, but not limited to, aspirin, acetaminophen, diclofenac, diflusinal, etodolac, fenbufen, fenoprofen, flufenisal, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, nabumetone, naproxen, nimesulide, nitroflurbiprofen, olsalazine, oxaprozin, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulfasalazine, sulindac, tolmetin and zomepirac. Combination therapy includes administration of a single pharmaceutical dosage formulation containing one or more of the compounds of invention and one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, as well as administration of

the compounds of the invention and each additional pnarmaceuticai agent, in its own separate pharmaceutical dosage formulation. For example, a compound of formula (I) and one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, may be administered to the patient together, in a single oral dosage composition having a fixed ratio of each active ingredient, such as a tablet or capsule; or each agent may be administered in separate oral dosage formulations. Where separate dosage formulations are used, compounds of the invention and one or more additional pharmaceutical agents may be administered at essentially the same time (e.g., concurrently) or at separately staggered times (e.g., sequentially).

Actual dosage levels of active ingredients in the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be varied so as to obtain an amount of the active compound(s) that is effective to achieve the desired therapeutic response for a particular patient, compositions and mode of administration. The selected dosage level will depend upon the activity of the particular compound, the route of administration, the severity of the condition being treated and the condition and prior medical history of the patient being treated. However, it is within the skill of the art to start doses of the compound at levels lower than required to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and to gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved.

Compounds of the invention can also be administered as a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compounds of interest in combination with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. The phrase "therapeutically effective amount" of the compound of the invention means a sufficient amount of the compound to treat disorders, at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio applicable to any medical treatment. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed; and like factors well-known in the medical arts. For example, it is well within the skill of the art to start doses of the compound at levels lower than required to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and to gradually increase the dosage until the desired effect is achieved.