Technical Field The present invention relates to substituted N-sulfonylcarboximidamides which are useful for promoting apoptosis, methods of making the compounds, compositions containing the compounds, and methods of treatment using the compounds.

Background of the Invention Apoptosis is a mode of cell death in which the cell commits suicide either to ensure proper development of the organism or to destroy cells that represent a threat to the organism's integrity. Morphologically, apoptosis is characterized by blebbing of the plasma membrane, shrinking of the cytoplasm and nucleus, and fragmenting into particles which are engulfed by phagocytic cells. Although apoptosis plays a critical role in normal development, its impairment is thought to be a significant factor in the etiology of such diseases as cancer, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory diseases, and viral infections. Conversely, increased apoptosis has been linked to AIDS and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. BCI-XL is a protein which, in healthy cells, is expressed in the outer membranes of the mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the nuclear envelope. Its function is to bind to specific protein/protease complexes and prevent cell apoptosis. Upon internal damage to the cell the protein/protease complexes are released, and cause the process of apoptosis to begin. An over-expression of BCI-XL, often present in cancerous and other diseased cells, results in the blocking of apoptotic signals and allows the cells to proliferate. It is believed that by blocking BCI-XL, apoptosis can be induced in diseased cells, and can provide an effective therapy for cancer and other diseases caused by the impairment of the apoptotic process. Based on these findings and the absence of small molecule BCI-XL inhibitors from current cancer therapies, there is a continuing need for compounds which can trigger apoptosis through the inhibition of the BcI family of proteins. Summary of the Invention In its principle embodiment the present invention provides a compound of formula (I)

(I), or a therapeutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A is a five-, six-, or seven-membered aromatic or non-aromatic ring wherein from zero to three carbon atoms are replaced by a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; R1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, nitro, and -NR5R6; R2, and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylsulfanyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkoxy, aryloxy, aryloxyalkoxy, arylsulfanyl, arylsulfanylalkoxy, cycloalkylalkoxy, cycloalkyloxy, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyloxy, hydroxy, nitro, and -NR5R6; R4 is selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, and heterocyclylalkoxy; R5 and R6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylsulfanylalkyl, alkylsulfonylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, arylalkylsulfanylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, arylsulfanylalkyl, arylsulfinylalkyl, arylsulfonylalkyl, carboxyalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkenylalkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylsulfanylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and a nitrogen protecting group; or R5 and R6, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a ring selected from the group consisting of imidazolyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, thiomorpholinyl, and thiomorpholinyl dioxide; and R15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkoxy, alkyl, and halo. In a preferred embodiment the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) where R and R are hydrogen. In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) where R3 and R15 are hydrogen and R2 is -NR5R6. In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a compound of formul aa ( (II)) w whheerree R R3 a anndd R R15 are hydrogen, R is -NR R , one of R and R is hydrogen and the other is arylsulfanylalkyl. In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) where R and R are hydrogen, R is -NR R , one of R and R is hydrogen and the other is arylsulfanylalkyl, and A is piperazinyl. Examples of compounds supporting this embodiment are 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylami no)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl )-l- piperazinecarboximidamide; N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-phenyl- 1 -piperazinecarboximidamide; N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)cyclohe xyl)-l- piperazinecarboximidamide; 4-(4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-N-((4-(((lR)-3-(d imethylamino)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl )- 1 - piperazinecarboximidamide; N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-4-methoxycyclohe xyl)-l- piperazinecarboximidamide; and 4-(4-(2-bromobenzyl)-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-N-((4-(((lR)-3-(di methylamino)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl )-l- piperazinecarboximidamide. In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) where R and R are hydrogen, R is -NR R , one of R and R is hydrogen and the other is arylsulfanylalkyl, and A is phenyl. In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) where R and R are hydrogen, R is -NR R , one of R and R is hydrogen and the other is arylsulfanylalkyl, A is phenyl, and R is piperidinyl. EXAMPLES of compounds supporting this embodiment are N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylammo)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)prop yl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy- 1 - piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4,4-dimethyl-l-piperidinyl)benzenec arboximidamide; N-((4-(((lR)-5-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pen tyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4,4-dimethyl- 1 -piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; 4-(4,4-dimethyl-l-piperidinyl)-N-((3-nitro-4-((2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximi damide; 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxy-l-piperidinyl)-N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethy lamino)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl )benzenecarboximidamide; 4-(4-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinyl)-N-((4-(((lR )-3-(dimethylamino)- l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfon yl)benzenecarboximidaniide; 4-(4-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinyl)-N-((4-((( lR)-3-(dimethylamino)- l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfon yl)benzenecarboximidamide; N-((4-((( 1 R)-3 -(dimethylamino)- 1 -((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3 - nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)- 1 - piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-l-piperidin yl)benzenecarboximidamide; N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)- 1 - piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-(3 -thienylmethylene)- 1 -piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; 4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)-l-piperidinyl)-N-((3-nitro-4 -((2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximi damide; N-((4-((l,l-dimethyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)-3-nitrop lienyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4- methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)- 1 -piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; 4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)-l-piperidinyl)-N-((4-(((lR)- 3-(4-morpliolmyl)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl )benzenecarboximidamide; 4-(4-(l5r-biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidmyl)-N-((3 -nitro-4-((2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)ammo)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximid amide; 4-(4-(l , 1 '-biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-l -ρiperidinyl)-N-((4-((l , 1 -dimethyl-2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)benzenec arboximidamide; 4-(4-(l,l'-biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinyl)-N-( (4-(((lR)-3-(4- morpholinyl)- 1 -((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximidamide; 4-(4-(l,lI-biρhenyl-2-ylmethylene)-l-ρiρeridinyl)-Nl-((3- nitro-4-((2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboxini idamide; 4-(4-( 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-ylmethylene)- 1 -piperidinyl)-N'-((4-(( 1 , 1 -dimethyl-2- φhenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)benzenec arboximidamide; 4-(4-(l,l'-biphenyl-2-ylmethylene)-l-piperidinyl)-N'-((4-((( lR)-3-(4-morpholinyl)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl )benzenecarboximidamide; N'-((3-nitro-4-((2-(ρhenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)ρhenyl)sulf onyl)-4-(4-(2- (trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)- 1 -piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; N'-((4-((l , 1 -dimethyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)etliyl)ainino)-3-nitrophenyl)sul fonyl)-4-(4- (2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)- 1 -piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; and N'-((4-(((lR)-3-(4-morpholinyl)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pr opyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)- 1 - piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide. In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a compound of formula (I) where R and R15 are hydrogen, R2 is -NR5R , one of R5 and R6 is hydrogen and the other is arylsulfanylalkyl, A is phenyl, and R is piperazinyl. EXAMPLES of compounds supporting this embodiment are N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4-(3,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl)- 1 - piperazinyl)benzenecarboximidamide; 4-(4-((4'-chloro- 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl)- 1 -piperazinyl)-N-((3 -nitro-4-((2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximi damide; 4-(4-((4'-chloro-l , 1 '-biρhenyl-2-yl)methyl)- 1 -piperazinyl)-N-((4-((l , 1 -dimethyl-2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)benzenec arboximidamide; 4-(4-((4'-chloro-l,l'-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl)-l-piperazmyl)-N- ((4-(((lR)-3-(4- morpholinyl)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximidamide; 4-(4-(3,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl)-l-piperazinyl)-N'-((3-nitro-4 -((2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximi damide; Nl-((4-((l,l-dimethyl-2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)-3-nitro phenyl)sulfonyl)-4-(4- (3,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl)-l-piperazinyl)benzenecarboximidami de; and 4-(4-(3,3-diphenyl-2-ρropenyl)-l-piρerazinyl)-N'-((4-(((lR )-3-(4-morpholinyl)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl )benzenecarboximidamide. In another embodiment, the present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a therapeutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with a therapeutically acceptable carrier. In another embodiment, the present invention discloses a method of promoting apoptosis in a mammal in recognized need of such treatment comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically acceptable amount of a compound of formula (I), or a therapeutically acceptable salt thereof.

Detailed Description of the Invention Compounds of the present invention comprise substituted N- sulfonylcarboximidamides which are useful for the treatment of apoptosis-mediated diseases. All patents, patent applications, and literature references cited in the specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, hi the case of inconsistencies, the present disclosure, including definitions, will prevail. As used in the present specification the following terms have the meanings indicated: The term "alkenyl," as used herein, refers to a straight or branched chain group of one to twelve carbon atoms derived from a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond. The term "alkenylene," as used herein, refers to a group of two to six atoms derived from an unsaturated straight or branched chain hydrocarbon. The term "alkoxy," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "alkoxy alkoxy," as used herein, refers to an alkoxyalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "alkoxy alkoxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three alkoxyalkoxy groups. The term "alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an alkoxyalkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "alkoxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three alkoxy groups. The term "alkoxyalkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an alkoxyalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "alkoxycarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an alkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "alkoxycarbonylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three alkoxycarbonyl groups. The term "alkyl," as used herein, refers to a group of one to twelve carbon atoms derived from a straight or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon. The term "alkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The alkylcarbonyl groups of this invention can be optionally substituted with one or two groups independently selected from the group consisting of hydroxy and -NR5R6, wherein R5 and R6 are as previously defined. The term "alkylcarbonylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three alkylcarbonyl groups. The term "alkylcarbonyloxy," as used herein, refers to an alkylcarbonyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "alkylene," as used herein, refers to a group of two to six atoms derived from a saturated straight or branched chain hydrocarbon. The term "alkylidene," as used herein, refers to an alkenyl group in which one carbon atom of the carbon-carbon double bond belongs to the moiety to which the alkenyl group is attached. The term "alkylsulfanyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom. The term "alkylsulfanylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three alkylsulfanyl groups. The term "alkylsulfonyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group. The term "alkylsulfonylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three alkylsulfonyl groups. The term "alkynyl," as used herein, refers to a straight or branched chain group of one to twelve carbon atoms containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond. The term "aryl," as used herein, refers to a phenyl group, or a bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring system wherein one or more of the rings is a phenyl group. Bicyclic fused ring systems consist of a phenyl group fused to a monocyclic cycloalkenyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group, or another phenyl group. Tricyclic fused ring systems consist of a bicyclic fused ring system fused to a monocyclic cycloalkenyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group, or another phenyl group. The aryl groups of the present invention can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any substitutable carbon atom in the group. Representative EXAMPLES of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, anthracenyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, indanyl, indenyl, naphthyl, phenyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl. Preferred aryl goups of the present invention include phenyl. The aryl groups of the present invention can be optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkynyl, a second aryl group, arylalkoxy, aryloxy, arylsulfanyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkenyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, -NRaRb, (NRaRb)alkyl, (NRaRb)carbonyl, (NRaRb)carbonylalkyl, (NRaR )sulfonyl, oxo, and -C(NH)NH2, wherein the second aryl group; the aryl part of the arylalkoxy, the aryloxy, and the arylsulfanyl; the heterocyclyl; and the heterocyclyl part of the heterocyclylalkyl, the heterocyclylcarbonylalkenyl, and the heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl can be further optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxyalkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylsulfonyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, nitro, (NRaR )carbonyl, (NRaR )sulfonyl, oxo, and -C(NH)NH2. In addition, the heterocyclyl and the heterocyclyl part of the heterocyclylalkyl, the heterocyclylcarbonylalkenyl, and the heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl can be further optionally substituted with an additional aryl group, wherein the additional aryl group can be optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, hydroxy, and nitro. The term "arylalkenyl," as used herein, refers to an alkenyl group substituted by one, two, or three aryl groups. The term "arylalkoxy," as used herein, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "arylalkoxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three arylalkoxy groups. The term "arylalkoxyalkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an arylalkoxyalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "arylalkoxycarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an arylalkoxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "arylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three aryl groups. The alkyl part of the arylalkyl can be optionally substituted with one or two -NRaR groups. The term "arylalkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "arylalkylidene," as used herein, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group. The term "arylalkylsulfanyl," as used herein, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom. The term "arylalkylsulfanylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three arylalkylsulfanyl groups. The term "arylalkylsulfonyl," as used herein, refers to an arylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group. The term "arylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "aryloxy," as used herein, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "aryloxyalkoxy," as used herein, refers to an aryloxy group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group. The term "aryloxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three aryloxy groups. The term "aryloxyalkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an aryloxyalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "arylsulfanyl," as used herein, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom. The term "arylsulfanylalkoxy," as used herein, refers to an arylsulfanyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group. The alkoxy part of the arylsulfanylalkoxy can be optionally substituted with one or two -NRaR groups. The term "arylsulfanylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three arylsulfanyl group. The alkyl part of the arylsulfanylalkyl can be further optionally substituted with one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, arylalkoxy, azido, carboxy, cycloalkyl, halo, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxy, -NRaR , (NRaR )alkoxy, and (NRaRb)carbonyl. The term "arylsulfinyl," as used herein, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfinyl group. The term "arylsulfmylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three arylsulfinyl groups. The alkyl part of the arylsulfmylalkyl can be further optionally substituted with one or two -NRaR groups. The term "arylsulfonyl," as used herein, refers to an aryl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group. The term "arylsulfonylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three arylsulfonyl groups. The alkyl part of the arylsulfonylalkyl can be further optionally substituted with one or two -NR a R b groups. The term "azido," as used herein, refers to -N3. The term "carbonyl," as used herein, refers to -C(O)-. The term "carboxy," as used herein, refers to -CO2H. The term " carboxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three carboxy groups. The term "cyano," as used herein, refers to -CN. The term "cyanoalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three cyano groups. The term "cycloalkenyl," as used herein, refers to a non-aromatic, partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic ring system having three to fourteen carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms. Representative EXAMPLES of cycloalkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclohexenyl, octahydronaphthalenyl, and norbornylenyl. The cycloalkenyl groups of this invention can be optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, arylalkoxy, aryloxy, arylsulfanyl, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a b hydroxy, and (NR R )alkyl, wherein the aryl part of the arylalkoxy, the aryloxy, the arylsulfanyl, and the arylsulfanylalkyl can be further optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and hydroxy. The term "cycloalkenylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three cycloalkenyl groups. The term "cycloalkyl," as used herein, refers to a saturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic hydrocarbon ring system having three to fourteen carbon atoms and zero heteroatoms. Representative EXAMPLES of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, bicyclo(3.1.1)heptyl, and adamantyl. The cycloalkyl groups of this invention can be optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylidene, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxy, arylalkyl, arylalkylidene, aryloxy, arylsulfanyl, arylsulfanylalkyl, a second cycloalkyl group, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, cycloalkylalkylidene, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkoxy, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylalkylidene, hydroxy, -NRaRb, (NRaRb)alkoxy, (NRaRb)alkyl, spirocyclyl, and spiroheterocyclyl; wherein the aryl; the aryl part of the arylalkenyl, the arylalkoxy, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylidene, the aryloxy, the arylsulfanyl, and the arylsulfanylalkyl; the second cycloalkyl group, the cycloalkyl part of the (cycloalkyl)alkyl and the cycloalkylalkylidene; the heterocyclyl; and the heterocyclyl part of the heterocyclylalkoxy, the heterocyclylalkyl, and the heterocyclylalkylidene can be further optionally substituted with one, two, or three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, unsubstituted aryl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and hydroxy. The term "cycloalkylalkoxy," as used herein, refers to a cycloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group. The term "(cycloalkyl)alkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three cycloalkyl groups. The term "cycloalkylalkylidene," as used herein, refers to a cycloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group. The term "cycloalkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to a cycloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "cycloalkyloxy," as used herein, refers to a cycloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "dialkylaniino," as used herein, refers to -N(R14)2, wherein R14 is alkyl. The term "dialkylaminoalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three dialkylamino groups. The term "dialkylaminocarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an dialkylamino group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three dialkylaminocarbonyl groups. The term "formyl," as used herein, refers to -CHO. The term "formylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three formyl groups. The term "halo," as used herein, refers to F, Cl, Br, or I. The term "haloalkoxy," as used herein, refers to a haloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "haloalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted by one, two, three, or four halogen atoms. The term "haloalkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to a haloalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "heteroalkenylene," as used herein, refers to an unsaturated group of two to six atoms containing one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, wherein the remaining atoms are carbon. The heteroalkylene groups of the present invention can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through the carbon atoms or the heteroatoms in the chain. The term "heteroalkylene," as used herein, refers to a saturated group of two to six atoms containing one or two heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, wherein the remaining atoms are carbon. The heteroalkylene groups of the present invention can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through the carbon atoms or the heteroatoms in the chain. The term "heterocyclyl," as used herein, refers to a five-, six-, or seven-membered ring containing one, two, or three heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. The five-membered ring has zero to two double bonds and the six- and seven-membered rings have zero to three double bonds. The term "heterocyclyl" also includes bicyclic groups in which the heterocyclyl ring is fused to a phenyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkenyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group, or another monocyclic heterocyclyl group; and tricyclic groups in which a bicyclic system is fused to a phenyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkenyl group, a monocyclic cycloalkyl group, or another monocyclic heterocyclyl group. The heterocyclyl groups of the present invention can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom in the group. EXAMPLES of heterocyclyl groups include, but are not limited to, benzothienyl, furyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, morpholinyl, oxazolyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolopyridinyl, pyrrolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, and thiomorpholinyl. The heterocyclyl groups of the present invention can be optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonylalkyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylsulfanylalkyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkenyl, arylalkoxyalkyl, arylalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylalkylidene, arylalkylsulfonyl, arylcarbonyl, aryloxy, aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, arylsulfanyl, arylsulfanylalkyl, arylsulfonyl, carboxy, cyano, cyanoalkyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, formyl, formylalkyl, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a second heterocyclyl group, heterocyclylalkenyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclylalkylidene, heterocycylcarbonyl, heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, -NRaRb, (NRaRb)alkyl, (NRaRb)alkylcarbonyl, (NRaRb)carbonyl, (NRaR )carbonylalkyl, (NRaR )sulfonyl, oxo, spirocyclyl, spiroheterocyclyl, and - C(NH)NH2; wherein the aryl; the aryl part of the arylalkenyl, the arylalkoxyalkyl, the arylalkoxyalkylcarbonyl, the arylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the arylalkylidene, the arylalkylsulfonyl, the arylcarbonyl, the aryloxy, the aryloxyalkylcarbonyl, the arylsulfanyl, the arylsulfanylalkyl, and the arylsulfonyl; the heterocyclyl; and the heterocycyl part of the heterocyclylalkenyl, the heterocyclylalkyl, the heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl, the heterocyclylalkylidene, the heterocyclylcarbonyl, and the heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl can be further optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkoxyalkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, an additional aryl group, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, and nitro, wherein the additional aryl group can be further optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, and nitro. In addition, the alkenyl part of the heterocyclylalkenyl can be further optionally substituted with one or two unsubstituted aryl groups. The term "heterocyclylalkenyl," as used herein, refers to an alkenyl group substituted by one, two, or three heterocyclyl groups. The alkenyl part of the heterocyclylalkenyl can be optionally substituted with one or two aryl groups. The term "heterocyclylalkoxy," as used herein, refers to a heterocyclyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkoxy group. The term "heterocyclylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three heterocyclyl groups. The term "heterocyclylalkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to a heterocyclylalkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "heterocyclylalkylidene," as used herein, refers to a heterocyclyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylidene group. The term "heterocyclylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to a heterocyclyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "heterocyclylcarbonylalkenyl," as used herein, refers to an alkenyl group substituted with one, two, or three heterocyclylcarbonyl groups. The term "heterocyclylcarbonylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three heterocyclylcarbonyl groups. The term "heterocyclyloxy," as used herein, refers to a heterocyclyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "heterocyclylsulfanyl," as used herein, refers to a heterocyclyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfur atom. The term "heterocyclylsulfanylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three heterocyclylsulfanyl groups. The term "hydroxy," as used herein, refers to -OH. The term "hydroxyalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three hydroxy groups. The term "nitro," as used herein, refers to -NO2. The term "nitrogen protecting group," as used herein, refers to groups intended to protect an amino group against undesirable reactions during synthetic procedures. Common N-protecting groups comprise acyl groups such as acetyl, benzoyl, 2-bromoacetyl, A- bromobenzoyl, tert-butylacetyl, carboxaldehyde, 2-chloroacetyl, 4-chlorobenzoyl, a- chlorobutyryl, 4-nitrobenzoyl, o-nitrophenoxyacetyl, phthalyl, pivaloyl, propionyl, trichloroacetyl, and trifluoroacetyl; sulfonyl groups such as benzenesulfonyl, and p- toluenesulfonyl; carbamate forming groups such as benzyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), p-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, p- methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, and the like. The term "-NRaR ," as used herein, refers to two groups, Ra and R , which are a b attached to the parent molecular moiety through a nitrogen atom. R and R are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, aryl, arylalkoxycarbonyl, arylalkyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylsulfonyl, cycloalkyl, (cycloalkyl)alkyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonylalkyl, haloalkyl, haloalkylcarbonyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heterocyclylcarbonyl, hydroxyalkyl, a nitrogen protecting group, -C(NH)NH2, and -C(O)(CH2)nNR5R6, wherein n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and R5 and R6 are as previously defined; wherein the aryl; the aryl part of the arylalkoxycarbonyl, the arylalkyl, the arylalkylcarbonyl, the arylcarbonyl, and the arylsulfonyl; the cycloalkyl; the cycloalkyl part of the (cycloalkyl)alkyl and the cycloalkylcarbonyl; the heterocyclyl; and the heterocycyl part of the heterocyclylalkyl and the heterocyclylcarbonyl can be optionally substituted with one, two, three, four, or five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkoxy, alkyl, alkylcarbonyl, cyano, halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxy, and nitro. The term "(NRaR )alkoxy," as used herein, refers to an (NRaR )alkyl group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. The term "(NRaR )alkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three -NRaR groups. The term "(NRaR )alkylcarbonyl," as used herein, refers to an -NRaR group attached to the parent molecular moiety through an alkylcarbonyl group. The term "(NRaR )carbonyl," as used herein, refers to an -NRaRb group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a carbonyl group. The term "(NRaRb)carbonylalkyl," as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substituted with one, two, or three (NRaR )carbonyl groups. The term "(NRaR )sulfonyl," as used herein, refers to an -NRaR group attached to the parent molecular moiety through a sulfonyl group. The term "oxo," as used herein, refers to (=0). The term "spirocyclyl," as used herein, refers to an alkenylene or alkylene group in which both ends of the alkenylene or alkylene group are attached to the same carbon of the parent molecular moiety to form a bicyclic group. The spirocyclyl groups of the present invention can be optionally substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, and aryloxyalkyl. The term "spiroheterocyclyl," as used herein, refers to a heteroalkenylene or heteroalkylene group in which both ends of the heteroalkenylene or heteroalkylene group are attached to the same carbon of the parent molecular moiety to form a bicyclic group. The spiroheterocyclyl groups of the present invention can be optionally substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, arylalkoxyalkyl, arylalkyl, and aryloxyalkyl. The term "sulfinyl," as used herein, refers to -S(O)-. The term "sulfonyl," as used herein, refers to -SO2-. The term "therapeutically acceptable salt," as use herein, refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. The salts can be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds of the present invention or separately by reacting a free base group with a suitable organic acid. Representative acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptonate, hexanoate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, toluenesulfonate, trifluoroacetate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and the like, as well as non-toxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations, including, but not limited to, ammonium, dimethylamine, ethylamine, methylamine, tetraethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, triethylamine, trimethylamine, and the like. Basic addition salts can be prepared during the final isolation and purification of the compounds by reacting a carboxy group with a suitable base such as the hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate of a metal cation or with ammonia or an organic primary, secondary, or tertiary amine. The cations of therapeutically acceptable salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and aluminum, as well as nontoxic quaternary amine cations such as ammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzylphenethylamine, 1-ephenamine, and NjN'-dibenzylethylenediamine. Other representative organic amines useful for the formation of base addition salts include ethylenediamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, piperidine, and piperazine. The present compounds can also exist as therapeutically acceptable prodrugs. The term "therapeutically acceptable prodrug," refers to those prodrugs or zwitterions which are suitable for use in contact with the tissues of patients without undue toxicity, irritation, and allergic response, are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio, and are effective for their intended use. The term "prodrug," refers to compounds which are rapidly transformed in vivo to parent compounds of formula (I) for example, by hydrolysis in blood. Asymmetric centers exist in the compounds of the present invention. These centers are designated by the symbols "R" or "S," depending on the configuration of substituents around the chiral carbon atom. It should be understood that the invention encompasses all stereochemical isomeric forms, or mixtures thereof, which possess the ability to induce apoptosis. Individual stereoisomers of compounds can be prepared synthetically from commercially available starting materials which contain chiral centers or by preparation of mixtures of enantiomeric products followed by separation such as conversion to a mixture of diastereomers followed by separation or recrystallization, chromatographic techniques, or direct separation of enantiomers on chiral chromatographic columns. Starting compounds of particular stereochemistry are either commercially available or can be made and resolved by techniques known in the art. According to methods of treatment, the compounds of the present invention can be useful for the prevention of metastases from the tumors described above either when used alone or in combination with radiotherapy and/or other chemotherapeutic treatments conventionally administered to patients for treating cancer. When using the compounds of the present invention for chemotherapy, the specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular patient will depend upon factors such as the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the particular compound used; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet of the patient; the time of administration; the route of administration; the rate of excretion of the compound employed; the duration of treatment; and drugs used in combination with or coincidently with the compound used. For example, when used in the treatment of solid tumors, compounds of the present invention can be administered with chemotherapeutic agents such as alpha inteferon, COMP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and prednisone), etoposide, mBACOD (methortrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and dexamethasone), PRO-MACE/MOPP (prednisone, methotrexate (w/leucovin rescue), doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, taxol, etoposide/mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine), vincristine, vinblastine, angioinhibins, TNP -470, pentosan polysulfate, platelet factor 4, angiostatin, LM-609, SU-IOl, CM-IOl, Techgalan, thalidomide, SP-PG, and the like. For example, a tumor may be treated conventionally with surgery, radiation or chemotherapy and a compound of the present invention subsequently administered to extend the dormancy of micrometastases and to stabilize and inhibit the growth of any residual primary tumor. The compounds of the present invention can be administered orally, parenterally, osmotically (nasal sprays), rectally, vaginally, or topically in unit dosage formulations containing carriers, adjuvants, diluents, vehicles, or combinations thereof. The term "parenteral" includes infusion as well as subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, and intrasternal injection. Parenterally administered aqueous or oleaginous suspensions of the compounds of the present invention can be formulated with dispersing, wetting, or suspending agents. The injectable preparation can also be an injectable solution or suspension in a diluent or solvent. Among the acceptable diluents or solvents employed are water, saline, Ringer's solution, buffers, dilute acids or bases, dilute amino acid solutions, monoglycerides, diglycerides, fatty acids such as oleic acid, and fixed oils such as monoglycerides or diglycerides. The chemotherapeutic effect of parenterally administered compounds can be prolonged by slowing their absorption. One way to slow the absorption of a particular compound is administering injectable depot forms comprising suspensions of crystalline, amorphous, or otherwise water-insoluble forms of the compound. The rate of absorption of the compound is dependent on its rate of dissolution which is, in turn, dependent on its physical state. Another way to slow absorption of a particular compound is administering injectable depot forms comprising the compound as an oleaginous solution or suspension. Yet another way to slow absorption of a particular compound is administering injectable depot forms comprising microcapsule matrices of the compound trapped within liposomes, microemulsions, or biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide, polyorthoesters or polyanhydrides. Depending on the ratio of drug to polymer and the composition of the polymer, the rate of drug release can be controlled. Transdermal patches also provide controlled delivery of the compounds. The rate of absorption can be slowed by using rate controlling membranes or by trapping the compound within a polymer matrix or gel. Conversely, absorption enhancers can be used to increase absorption. Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In these solid dosage forms, the active compound can optionally comprise diluents such as sucrose, lactose, starch, talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicates, polyamide powder, tableting lubricants, and tableting aids such as magnesium stearate or microcrystalline cellulose. Capsules, tablets and pills can also comprise buffering agents; and tablets and pills can be prepared with enteric coatings or other release-controlling coatings. Powders and sprays can also contain excipients such as talc, silicic acid, aluminum hydroxide, calcium silicate, polyamide powder, or mixtures thereof. Sprays can additionally contain customary propellants such as chlorofluorohydrocarbons or substitutes thereof. Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, and elixirs comprising inert diluents such as water. These compositions can also comprise adjuvants such as wetting, emulsifying, suspending, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents. Topical dosage forms include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants, and transdermal patches. The compound is mixed under sterile conditions with a carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers. These dosage forms can also include excipients such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch, tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones, bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures thereof. Suppositories for rectal or vaginal administration can be prepared by mixing the compounds of the present invention with a suitable nonirritating excipient such as cocoa butter or polyethylene glycol, each of which is solid at ordinary temperature but fluid in the rectum or vagina. Ophthalmic formulations comprising eye drops, eye ointments, powders, and solutions are also contemplated as being within the scope of the present invention. The total daily dose of the compounds of the present invention administered to a host in single or divided doses can be in amounts from about 0.1 to about 200 mg/kg body weight or preferably from about 0.25 to about 100 mg/kg body weight. Single dose compositions can contain these amounts or submultiples thereof to make up the daily dose.

Determination of Biological Activity Assays for the inhibition of BCI-XL were performed in 96-well microtiter plates. Compounds of the present invention were diluted in DMSO to concentrations between 100 μM and 1 pM and introduced into each cell of the plate. A mixture totaling 125 μL per well of assay buffer (20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 1 niM EDTA, 0.05% PEG-8000), 50 nM of BCL-XL protein (prepared according to the procedure described in Science 1997, 275, 983-986), 5 nM fmorescein-labeled BAD peptide (purchased from Synpep, CA)5 and the DMSO solution of the compound of the present invention was shaken for 2 minutes and placed in a LJL Analyst (LJL Bio Systems, CA). A negative control (DMSO, 5 nM BAD peptide, assay buffer) and a positive control (DMSO, 5 nM BAD peptide, 50 nM BCL-XL, assay buffer) were used to determine the range of the assay. Polarization was measured at room temperature using a continuous Fluorescein lamp (excitation 485 mM, emission 530 mM). Percentage of inhibition was determined by (l-((mP value of well-negative control)/range)) x 100%. IC50 values were calculated using Microsoft Excel. Compounds of the present invention have IC50 values between about 0.010 and about 10 μM and are therefore useful for inhibiting BCL-XLand treating apoptosis-mediated diseases. Preferred compounds of the present invention have IC50 values between about 0.010 μM and about 0.05 μM. Assays for the inhibition of Bcl-2 were performed in 96-well microtiter plates. Compounds of the instant invention were diluted in DMSO to concentrations between 100 μM and 1 pM and introduced into each well of the plate. A mixture totaling 125 μL per well of assay buffer (20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), 1 mM EDTA, 0.05% PF-68), 30 nM of Bcl-2 protein (prepared according to the procedure described in PNAS 2001, 98, 3012 - 3017), 5 nM fluorescein-labeled BAX peptide (prepared in-house), and the DMSO solution of the compound of the instant invention was shaken for 2 minutes and placed in a LJL Analyst (LJL Bio Systems, CA). A negative control (DMSO, 5 nM BAX peptide, assay buffer) and a positive control (DMSO, 5 nM BAX peptide, 30 nM Bcl-2, assay buffer) were used to determine the range of the assay. Polarization was measured at room temperature using a continuous Fluorescein lamp (excitation 485 mM, emission 530 mM). Percentage of inhibition was determined by (l-((mP value of well-negative control)/range)) x 100%. IC50 values were calculated using Microsoft Excel. Compounds of the present invention have IC50 values between about 0.001 and about 10 μM and are therefore useful for inhibiting Bcl-2 and treating apoptosis-mediated diseases. Based upon the structural and functional similarity of the BcI antiapoptotic proteins, it is reasonable to expect that in addition to inducing apoptosis by the inhibition of BCI-XL and Bcl-2, the current invention may induce apoptosis through their action on other antiapoptotic proteins in the BcI family of proteins, such as BcI -w, BcI -b, MCL-I and/or Al/Bfl-1.

Synthetic Methods Abbreviations which have been used in the descriptions of the scheme and the examples that follow are: THF for tetrahydrofuran; DMSO for dimethylsulfoxide; HMPA for hexamethylphosphoramide; DMF for N,N-dimethylformamide; nBuLi for n-butyllithium; LiHMDS for lithium hexamethyldisilazide; DME for 1,2-dimethoxyethane; PPh3 for triphenylphosphine; and OAc for acetate. The compounds and processes of the present invention will be better understood in connection with the following synthetic schemes which illustrate the methods by which the compounds of the invention may be prepared. Additional methods for the formation of the compounds of the present invention can be found in commonly owned WO03/080586. Starting materials can be obtained from commercial sources or prepared by well-established literature methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the compounds defined above can be synthesized by substitution of the appropriate reactants and agents in the syntheses shown below. The groups R1, R2, R3, R4, and R15 are as defined above unless otherwise noted below. It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that the selective protection and deprotections steps, as well as the order of the steps themselves, can be carried out in varying order, depending on the nature of R1, R2, R3, R4, R15, Ra, Rb, and Rc, to successfully complete the syntheses shown below. This invention is intended to encompass compounds having formula (I) when prepared by synthetic processes or by metabolic processes. Preparation of the compounds of the invention by metabolic processes include those occurring in the human or animal body (in vivo) or processes occurring in vitro.

Scheme 1

(2) (3) (4) (I) As shown in Scheme 1, compounds of formula (2) (which can be prepared according to the procedures described in Scheme 2 and examples listed below) can be reacted with compounds of formula (3) in which LG is an appropriate leaving group (which can be prepared by treatment of the appropriately substituted aromatic ring with chlorosulfonic acid) in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine to provide compounds of formula (4) that can be reacted with a nucleophile, R2H to provide compounds of formula (I). Scheme 2

Scheme 2 shows the synthesis of compounds of formula (2). Compounds of formula (6) (which can be prepared according to procedures described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application No. 09/957,256, filed September 20, 2001, or by procedures described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application No. 10/269,739, filed October 14, 2002) can be treated with an activating agent such as thionyl chloride, oxalyl chloride or carbonyldiimidazole followed by aqueous ammonia to provide compounds of formula (7). Compounds of formula (7) can be treated with dehydrating agents such as oxalyl chloride or phosphorous oxychloride to provide nitriles of formula (8). Alternatively, compounds of formula (5) where X is bromine, iodine, or chlorine can be converted to compounds of formula (8) by treatment with an appropriate metallocyanide species in the presence of Pd(O). Nitriles of formula (8) can be converted to compounds of formula (2) by treatment with HCl in ethanol followed by ammonia, or by treatment with lithium hexamethyldisilazide followed by aqueous acid. The present invention will now be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments which are not intended to limit its scope. On the contrary, the present invention covers all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be included within the scope of the claims. Thus, the following examples, which include preferred embodiments, will illustrate the preferred practice of the present invention, it being understood that the examples are for the purposes of illustration of certain preferred embodiments and are presented to provide what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of its procedures and conceptual aspects. Compounds of the invention were named by ACD/ChemSketch version 5.0 (developed by Advanced Chemistry Development, Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada) or were given names which appeared to be consistent with ACD nomenclature.

EXAMPLE l N-r(4-(('(lRN)-3-(dimethylammo)-l-((phenylsulfanvDmethyl)pro pyDaminoV3- nitrophenvDsulfonyl)-4-('4-('2-fluorobenzylV4-methoxy- 1 - piperidinyDbenzenecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE IA l-benzyl-4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-4-piperidinol A suspension of Mg (3.5O g, 144 mmol) in diethyl ether (75 mL) was treated with 2- fluorobenzyl chloride (19.0 g, 131 mmol), stirred until all the Mg dissolved, treated with N- benzyl 4-piperidone (27.2 g, 144 mmol) in RATIO THF/diethyl ether (40 mL), and stirred at room temperature until the reaction was complete by TLC analysis. The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated NH4Cl and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO-].), filtered, and concentrated to give a residue which was used without further purification. MS (ESI) m/e 300 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE IB 4-(2-fluorobenzylV4-piperidinol A solution of EXAMPLE IA (39.0 g, 131 mmol) in ethyl acetate (500 mL) was treated with Pd/C (3.90 g), stirred under hydrogen atmosphere (60 psi) until the reaction was complete by TLC analysis, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give a residue that was used without further purification. MS (ESI) m/e 210 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 1C ethyl 4-(4-(2-fluorobenzylV4-hydroxy- 1 -piperidinvDbenzoate A solution EXAMPLE IB (13.75 g, 65.8 mmol) in DMSO (20 mL) was treated with ethyl 4-fluorobenzoate (8.50 g, 51.0 mmol) and K2CO3 (6.90 g, 50.0 mmol) and was heated to 110 °C overnight. The suspension was filtered and the filtrate diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water (2x), dried (MgSO4), and filtered. Concentration of the filtrate gave a residue that was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide the desired product (17.89 g, 76%). MS (ESI) m/e 358 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE ID ethyl 4-(4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinypbenzoate A solution of EXAMPLE 1C (17.89 g, 50.1 mmol) in THF (150 mL) and HMPA (33 niL) was treated with NaH (4.0 g of a 60% dispersion, 100 mmol) at 0 0C5 stirred for 30 minutes, treated with CH3I (20 mL, 321 mmol), and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NH4Cl. The organic layer was washed with water (2x), dried (MgSO4), and filtered. Filtration of the concentrate provided the desired product which was used without further purification. MS (ESI) m/e 372 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE IE 4-(4-(2-fluorobenzylV4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinvDbenzoic acid A solution of EXAMPLE ID (20.54 g, 55.4 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) was treated with IN NaOH (100 mL, 100 mmol), stirred overnight, acidified with IN HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate (3x), dried (MgSO4), and filtered. Concentration of the filtrate gave a residue that was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with to provide the desired product (xx g, xx%). MS (ESI) m/e 344 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE IF 4-(4-(2-fluorobenzyiV 4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinvDbenzamide A solution of EXAMPLE IE in dichloromethane (20 mL) was treated with oxalyl chloride (0.305 mL, 3.50 mmol) and a drop of DMF, stirred for 6 hours at room temperature, and concentrated. The resulting residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), cooled to 0 °C, treated with aqueous NH3 (3 mL), stirred for 6 hours, and partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous sodium chloride. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate three times. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4) and filtered. Concentration of the filtrate gave the desired product as a residue that was utilized directly in the next step without further purification. MS

EXAMPLE IG 4-("4-(2-fluorobenzylV4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinvDbenzonitrile A solution of EXAMPLE IF in acetonitrile (20 mL) at 0 °C was treated with DMF (0.543 mL, 7.02 mmol) and oxalyl chloride (0.561 mL, 6.43 mmol), stirred for 5 minutes, treated with pyridine (1.04 mL, 12.866 mmol), and stirred for another 50 minutes at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NaHCO3, the aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate three times and the combined organic layers dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to give the desired product as a residue that was utilized directly in the next step without further purification. MS (ESI) m/e 325 (M+H)+. EXAMPLE IH 4-('4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidmyl')benzenecarbox imidaniide A solution of EXAMPLE IG in ethanol (20 mL) at 0 °C was treated with gaseous HCl for 10 minutes, allowed to warm to ambient temperature, and stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, the residue dissolved in methanol (20 mL), and the resulting solution treated with gaseous NH3 for 10 minutes, stirred overnight, and concentrated to dryness. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 10% 2N NH3/methanol in dichloromethane to give the desired product. MS (ESI) m/e 342 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE II 4-(4-(2-fluorobenzylV4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-('(4-fluoro-3 - nitrophenylWlfonyPbenzenecarboximidamide A solution of EXAMPLE IH (0.200 g, 0.587 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was treated with triethylamine (0.245 mL, 1.76 mmol) and 4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (prepared according to the procedure described in U.S. Patent Applicaiton Ser. No. 09/957,256, 0.169 g, 0.704 mmol), stirred overnight, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes to provide the desired product. MS (ESI) m/e 543 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE IJ benzyl (lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-(hvdroxymethyl)-3-oxopropylcarbamat e A solution of 3-(S)-((carbobenzyloxy)amino)-γ-butyrolactone (prepared according to the procedure described in McGarvey, GJ. ; Williams, J.M.; Hiner, R.N.; Matsubara, Y.; Oh, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 4943-4952, 7.72 g, 32.8 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was saturated with gaseous dimethylamine, stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, and concentrated. The residue was filtered through a plug of silica gel eluting with 50% acetone in hexanes to give the desired product (9.16 g, 99%). MS (CI) m/e 281 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE IK benzyl dR^-S-fdimethylaminoVS-oxo-l-CrphenylsulfanvπmethyDpropylca rbamate A solution of EXAMPLE IJ (8.45 g, 30.14 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) was treated with tributylphosphine (9.76 mL, 39.20 mmol), diphenyldisulfide (7.30 g, 39.20 mmol) and heated to 80 0C for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with a gradient of 0-50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to give the desired product (10.62 g, 95%). MS (CI) m/e 373 (M+H)+. EXAMPLE IL (3R)-3-amino-N,N-dimethyl-4-CphenylsulfanvDbutanamide A suspension of EXAMPLE IK (10.60 g, 28.46 mmol) in 50 niL 30% HBr/acetic acid was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting homogeneous reaction mixture was concentrated, diluted with water (200 mL) and 5% HCl (100 mL), and washed with diethyl ether (3x). The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH ~8-9 with solid Na2CO3 and extracted with dichloromethane (5x). The combined organic phases were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to give the desired product (6.54 g, 96%). MS (CI) m/e 239 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE IM N-((3RV3-amino-4-(phenylsulfanyl)butylVN,N-dimethylamine A solution of EXAMPLE IL (8.68 g, 36.5 mmol) in THF (200 mL) was treated with BH3-dimethylsulfide (18.2 mL, 182.5 mmol) at room temperature, stirred overnight, treated slowly with methanol (2OmL), followed by 2N HCl (50 mL), stirred overnight, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% 7N NH3/CH3OH in dichloromethane to give the desired product (4.50 g, 55%). MS (CI) m/e 224 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE IN N-((4-(((lRV3-(dimethylaminoVl-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propy l)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-(4-r2-fluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy- 1 - piperidinvpbenzenecarboximidamide A solution of EXAMPLE II (0.072 g, 0.132 mmol) in 1:1 DMSO/diisopropylethylamine (2 mL) was treated with EXAMPLE IM (0.044 g, 0.199 mmol) at room temperature, stirred overnight, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% 2N NH3/CH3OH in dichloromethane to provide the desired product (0.072 g, 73%). MS (ESI) m/e 747 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.74 (s, IH), 8.58 (d, IH), 8.39 (d, IH), 7.95 (s, IH), 7.73 (m, 3H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.12 (t, 2H), 7.06 (m, 3H), 6.98 (d, IH), 6.87 (d, 2H), 4.05 (m, IH), 3.58 (d, 2H), 3.29 (m, 4H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.92 (t, 2H), 2.75 (s, 2H), 2.34 (m, IH), 2.15 (m, IH), 2.05 (s, 6H), 1.88 (m, IH), 1.75 (m, IH), 1.65 (d, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 2 N-((4-((( 1 R)-3 -(dimethylaminoV 1 -((phenylsulfanyDmethvDprop vDamino V 3 - nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-(4,4-dimethyl-l-ϋiperidinyl)benzenec arboximidamide EXAMPLE 2A 4-f4.4-dimethyl- 1 -piperidinyDbenzamide The desired product was prepared by substituting 4-(4,4-dimethylpiperidin-l- yl)benzoic acid (prepared according to the procedure described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application No. 09/957,256, filed September 20, 2001) for EXAMPLE IE in EXAMPLE IF. MS

EXAMPLE 2B 4-(4.4-dimethyl- 1 -piperidinyDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2A for EXAMPLE 1 F in EXAMPLE IG. MS (ESI) m/e 215 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 2C 4-(4,4-dimethyl- 1 -piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2B for EXAMPLE 1 G in EXAMPLE IH. MS (ESI) m/e 232 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 2D 4-(4,4-dimethyl-l-piperidmylVN-r(4-fluoro-3-m'trophenyl)sulf onyDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2C for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS (ESI) m/e 435 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 2E N-r^-rfdRVS-fdimethylamino^-l-frphenylsulfanyDmethyDpropyDam ino^-S- nitrophenyDsulfonylV4-r4.4-dimethyl-l-piperidinyl)benzenecar boximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 2D for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 639 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.76 (s, IH), 8.60 (d, IH), 8.43 (d, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 7.78 (d, 2H), 7.28 (m, 2H)5 7.14 (m, 3H), 7.04 (d, IH), 6.93 (d, 2H), 4.11 (m, IH), 3.35 (m, 6H), 2.40 (m, IH), 2.24 (m, IH), 2.12 (s, 6H), 1.94 (m, IH), 1.80 (m, IH), 1.38 (m, 4H), 0.95 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 3 N-((4-(((lR)-5-(dimethylaminoVl-r(phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pent yl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)-4-r4.4-dimethyl-l-piperidinyl)benzenec arboximidamide

EXAMPLE 3A N-((5R)-5-amino-6-(phenylsulfanyl)hexyl)-N,N-dimethylamine The desired product was prepared by substituting (5R)-5-amino-N,N-dimethyl-6- (phenylsulfanyl)hexanamide for EXAMPLE IL in EXAMPLE IM. MS (ESl) m/e 253 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 3B N-((4-(((lR)-5-(dimethylammoVl-('(phenylsulfanyl)methyl')pen tyl)arninoV3- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-(4λ-dimethyl-l-piperidinyl)benzeneca rboximidarnide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 3A and EXAMPLE 2D for EXAMPLE IL and EXAMPLE II, respectively in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 667 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.84 (s, IH), 8.42 (d, IH), 8.23 (d, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 7.80 (d, 2H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, 3H), 6.94 (d, 2H), 4.08 (m, IH), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.92 (m, 2H), 2.66 (s, 6H), 1.37 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 4 4-(4.4-dimethyl-l-τ>iρeridmylVN-('(3-nitro-4-r('2- (phenylsulfanyDethvDamino^phenvDsulfonvDbenzenecarboximidami de The desired product was prepared by substituting 2-phenylsulfanylethylamine and EXAMPLE 2D for EXAMPLE IL and EXAMPLE II, respectively in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 568 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (500MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.61 (d, IH), 7.87 (dd, IH), 7.76 (d, 2H), 7.35 (d, 2H), 7.18 (t, 2H), 7.13 (t, IH), 7.01 (d, IH), 6.92 (d, 2H), 5.48 (s, IH), 4.06 (t, IH), 3.65 (t, 2H), 3.65 (t, 2H), 3.36 (m, 4H), 3.25 (t, 2H), 1.48 (m, 4H), 1.00 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 5 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-r(4-('((lR)-3-(dimethy lamino)-l- ((phenylsulfanyDmethvDpropyDaminoVS-nitrophenyDsulfonvπbenz enecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 5A 4-(4-benzyl-4-hvdroxy- 1 -piperidinvDbenzonitrile A solution of benzylmagnesium chloride (1.90 mL of a 2M solution in THF, 3.80 mmol) at -78 °C was treated with 4-(4-oxo-l-piperidinyl)benzonitrile (prepared according to the procedure described in Synthesis 1981, 606-608, 0.30 g, 1.51 mmol), and was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NH4Cl and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes to give the desired product (0.087 g, 20%). MS (ESI) m/e 293 (M+H)+. EXAMPLE 5B 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinvDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5 A for EXAMPLE 1C in EXAMPLE ID. MS (ESI) m/e (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 5C 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinypbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5B for EXAMPLE IG in EXAMPLE IH. MS (ESI) m/e (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 5D 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-((4-fluoro-3- nitrophenvDsulfonyDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5C for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS (ESI) m/e (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 5E 4-f4-benzyl-4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethyl ammoVl- ((phenylsulfanyDmethyl)propyl)aminoV3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)b enzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 5D for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 731 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.76 (s, IH), 8.60 (d, IH), 8.43 (d, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 7.78 (m, 3H), 7.27 (m, 4H), 7.16 (m, 5H), 7.04 (d, IH), 6.92 (d, 2H), 4.11 (m, IH), 3.62 (d, IH), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.78 (s, 2H)5 2.40 (m, IH), 2.22 (m, IH), 2.11 (s, 6H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.82 (m, IH), 1.67 (d, 2H), 1.48 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 6 4-(4-("cvclohexylmethyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-((4-(((lR V3-(dimethylaminoVl- ((phenylsulfanyDmethyl)propyπaminoV3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)b enzenecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 6A 4-(4-(c yclohexylmethylV4-hydroxy- 1 -piperidinyDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting cyclohexylmethylmagnesium bromide for benzylmagnesium chloride in EXAMPLE 5A. MS (ESI) m/e 299 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 6B 4-(4-(cyclohexylmethvD-4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinylYbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 6A for EXAMPLE 1C in EXAMPLElD. MS.

EXAMPLE 6C 4-(4-(cvclohexylrnethylV4-rnethoxy-l-piperidinvDbenzenecarbo ximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 6B for EXAMPLE IG in EXAMPLE IH. MS.

EXAMPLE 6D 4-f4-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-('f4-fluor o-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 6C for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS

EXAMPLE 6E 4-(4-(cyclohexylmethylV4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-('(4-(r('lR ')-3-(dimethylaminoVl- (φhenylsulfanyDmethyπpropyπaminoVB-nitrophenyπsulfonvDbe nzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 6D for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 737 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.77 (s, IH), 8.61 (d, IH), 8.42 (d, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 7.78 (d, 3H), 7.27 (d, 2H), 7.13 (m, 3H), 7.04 (d, IH), 6.93 (d, 2H), 4.10 (m, IH), 3.58 (d, 2H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, IH), 2.20 (m, IH), 2.10 (s, 6H), 1.95 (m, IH), 1.80 (m, 5H), 1.60 (m, 3H), 1.45 (m, 3H), 1.31 (d, 2H), 1.15 (m, 3H), 0.96 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 7 4-(4-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinyl)-N-((4-((( lRV3-(dimethylaminoVl- rrphenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)arnino)-3-iiitrophenyl')sulfo nyl)benzenecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 7A 4-(4-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-4-hydroxy- 1 -piperidinyDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting 2,4-difluorobenzylmagnesium bromide for benzylmagnesium chloride in EXAMPLE 5A. MS (ESI) m/e 329 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 7B 4-(4-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinvDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 7 A for EXAMPLE 1C in EXAMPLE ID. MS EXAMPLE 7C 4-(4-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinvDbenzenecarb oximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 7B for EXAMPLE IG in EXAMPLE IH. MS

EXAMPLE 7D 4-(4-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-((4-fluo ro-3- nitrophenyDsulfonyl)benzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 7C for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS

EXAMPLE 7E 4-(4-(2,4-difluorober1zyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinyl)-N-((4-(( (lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l- ((phenylsulfany^methyDpropyπaminoVS-rnixophenyπsulfonyπbe nzenecarboxirnidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 7D for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 767 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.77 (s, IH), 8.62 (d, IH), 8.43 (d, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 7.78 (m, 3H), 7.28 (m, 3H), 7.14 (m, 3H), 7.02 (m, 2H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 4.11 (m, IH), 3.64 (d, 2H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.99 (m, 2H), 2.79 (s, 2H), 2.38 (m, IH), 2.20 (m, IH), 2.08 (s, 6H), 1.94 (m, IH), 1.81 (m, IH), 1.69 (d, 2H), 1.49 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 8 N-((4-(('(lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-r(phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pr opyDammoV3- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)- 1 - piperidinyDbenzenecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 8A 4-(4-hydroxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)- 1 -piperidinyDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting 2-methylbenzylmagnesium bromide for benzylmagnesium chloride in EXAMPLE 5 A. MS (ESI) m/e 307 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 8B 4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzylV 1 -piperidinyflbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 8 A for EXAMPLE 1 C in EXAMPLE ID. MS EXAMPLE 8C 4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzylVl-piperidinyl)benzenecarboxim idamide , The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 8B for EXAMPLE IG in EXAMPLE IH. MS

EXAMPLE 8D N-((4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methyl benzyl)-l- piperidinvDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 8C for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS

EXAMPLE 8E N-r(4-r(riR)-3-(dimethylammoVl-(rphenylsulfanyl)methvπpropy l)ammoV3- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-('4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)- 1 - piperidinyDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 8D for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IL. MS (ESI) m/e 745 (MH-H)+; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.75 (s, IH), 8.61 (d, IH), 8.42 (d, IH), 7.97 (s, IH), 7.77 (m, 3H), 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.11 (m, 7H), 6.91 (d, 2H), 4.10 (m, IH), 3.64 (d, 2H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 2H), 2.39 (m, IH), 2.27 (s, 3H), 2.20 (m, IH), 2.10 (s, 6H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.79 (m, 3H), 1.49 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 9 N-(("4-(r(lRV3-(dirnethylaminoVl-((phenylsulfanyl)methvDprop yl)amino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-(4-('4-fluorobenzylideneVl-piperidiny Dbenzenecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 9A 4-( 4-(4-fluorobenzylideneV 1 -piperidinvDbenzonitrile A suspension of the 4-fluorobenzyl triphenylphosphonium chloride (0.737 g, 1.81 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was treated withnBuLi (724 μL of a 1.6M solution in hexanes, 1.81 mmol) at 0 °C, treated with l-(4'-cyanophenyl)-4-oxopiperidine (prepared according to the procedure described in Synthesis 1981, 606-608, 0.300 g, 1.51 mmol), and gradually warmed to room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate and saturated aqueous NH4Cl and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 10% ethyl acetate in hexanes to give the desired product. (0.268 g, 61%). MS (ESI) m/e 292 (M+H)+. EXAMPLE 9B 4-(4-(4-fluorobenzylideneV 1 -piperidinyDbenzenecarboxinri damide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9 A for EXAMPLE IG in EXAMPLE IH. MS

EXAMPLE 9C 4-f4-f4-fluorobenzylideneVl-piperidinyl>N-((4-fluoro-3- nitrophenyDsulfonyDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9B for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS

EXAMPLE 9D N-((4-(((lRV3-rdimethylaminoVl-((phenylsulfanyl')methyπprop yDamino)-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-(4-(4-fluoroberizylideneVl-piperidmyl )benzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 9C for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 717 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.78 (s, IH), 8.61 (d, IH), 8.44 (d, IH), 8.00 (d, IH), 7.80 (m, 3H), 7.27 (m, 4H), 7.15 (m, 5H), 7.05 (d, IH), 6.97 (d, 2H), 6.37 (s, IH), 4.11 (m, IH), 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.39 (m, 3H), 2.21 (m, IH), 2.11 (s, 6H), 1.94 (m, IH), 1.80 (m, IH).

EXAMPLE 10 N-((4-(((lRV3-rdimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)prop yl)amino)-3- nitrophenyDsulfonyl)-4-(4-(2-('trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)- 1 - piperidinyDbenzenecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE IQA 4-(4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyrideneV 1 -piperidinypbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl triphenylphosphonium bromide (prepared according to the procedure described in J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1995, 18, 2293-2308) for 4-fluorobenzyl triphenylphosphoniumchloride in EXAMPLE 9A. MS (ESI) m/e 343 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE IQB 4-(4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)-l-piperidinyl)benzenec arboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1OA for EXAMPLE IG in EXAMPLE IH. MS EXAMPLE IQC N-((4-fluoro-3-nitrophenvDsulfonyl)-4-r4-(2-(trifluorometIiy l)benzylidene)-l- piperidinvDbenzenecarboxirnidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1 OB for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS

EXAMPLE IQD N-(("4-(f(lRV3-(dinaethylaminoVl-((phenylsulfanynmethvDpropy l)arnmoV3- nitrophenyDsulfonylV4-('4-(2-(trifluorometh.yDbenzylideneV 1 - piperidinvDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1OC for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 765 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.79 (s, IH), 8.62 (d, IH), 8.44 (d, IH), 8.01 (s, IH), 7.79 (m, 3H), 7.73 (d, IH), 7.64 (t, IH), 7.47 (t, IH), 7.36 (d, IH), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 3H), 7.04 (d, IH), 6.98 (d, IH), 6.50 (s, IH), 4.12 (m, IH), 3.51 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 4H), 2.40 (m, 3H), 2.22 (m, 3H), 2.10 (s, 6H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.80 (m, IH).

EXAMPLE Il N-((4-(((lRV3-(dimethylaminoVl-r(phenylsulfanyl')methvπprop yπammoV3- rn1τophenvDsulfonyl)-4-(4-(3-thienyhnethyleneVl-piperidinyl )berizenecarboxirnidamide

EXAMPLE HA 4-(4-(3 -thienylmethyleneV 1 -piperidinyDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting thiophen-3-yhnethyltriphenyl phosphonium bromide for 4-fluorobenzyl triphenylphosphonium chloride in EXAMPLE 9A. MS

EXAMPLE HB 4-(4-(3 -thienylmethyleneV 1 -piperidinyDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1 IA for EXAMPLE IG in EXAMPLE IH. MS

EXAMPLE HC N-rr4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl')sulfonylV4-(4-π-thienylmethylen eVl- piperidinvDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1 IB for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS

EXAMPLE HD N-(r4-(('(lR)-3-(dimethylarnino)-l-r(ρlienylsulfanvπmethyl ')propyDamino)-3- rn1xophenvDsulfonyl)-4-(4-(3-tMenylmethyleneVl-piperidinvπb enzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 11C for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 705 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.78 (s, IH), 8.61 (d, IH), 8.43 (d, IH), 7.99 (s, IH), 7.81 (d, 2H), 7.78 (d, IH), 7.51 (dd, IH), 7.32 (m, IH), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 4H), 7.04 (d, IH), 6.95 (d, 2H), 6.32 (s, IH), 4.11 (m, IH), 3.48 (m, 4H), 3.37 (m, 2H), 2.58 (t, 2H), 2.39 (m, 3H), 2.21 (m, IH), 2.11 (s, 6H), 1.93 (m, IH), 1.81 (m, IH).

EXAMPLE 12 N-C^-rCdRVS-fdimethylamino^-l-rrphenylsulfanvDmethyDpropyDam moVS- nitrophenyl)sulfonvD-4-(4-(3,3-diphenyl-2-propenylVl- piperazinvDbenzenecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 12A 4-(4-(3 ,3 -diphenyl-2-propenylV 1 -piperazinvDbenzonitrile A suspension of 4-piperazin-l-ylbenzonitrile hydrochloride (1.30 g, 5.00 mmol) and 3,3-diphenylacrylaldehyde (1.56 g, 7.50 mmol)) in dichloromethane (10 mL) and methanol (10 mL) was neutralized to pH 5 with diisopropylethylamine, treated with polymer-supported cyanoborohydride (2.47 mmol/g, 6 g, 14.82 mmol), shaken at room temperature for 24 hours, and filtered. The resin was washed with 1 : 1 dichloromethane/methanol (10 mL x 3) and the combined filtrates were concentrated. The concentrate was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient from 10%-50% ethyl acetate/hexanes to provide the desired product (1.60 g, 84%). MS (CI) m/e 380 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 12B 4-r4-r3,3-diphenyl-2-propenvD-l-piperazinyl)benzenecarboximi damide A solution of EXAMPLE 12A (0.515 g, 1.36 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (6 mL) was treated dropwise with LiHMDS (IM, 6.8 mL, 6.8 mmol), stirred for 16 hours, quenched with IN HCl (8 mL), and filtered. The filter cake was collected to provide the desired product (0.45 g, 71 %) that was used without further purification. MS (CI) m/e 397 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 12C N-((4-chloro-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonvD-4-(4-(3,3-diphenyl-2-pro penyl)-l- piperazinvDbenzenecarboximidamide A suspension of EXAMPLE 12B (0.421 g, 0.897 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.50 mL) in dichloromethane (5 niL) was treated with 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (0.252 g, 0.99 mmol), stirred at room temperature for 24 hours and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with a gradient from 0%-10% methanol/dichloromethane to give the desired product (0.33 g, 60%). MS (ESI) m/e 614 (M-H)-.

EXAMPLE 12D N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylaminoVl-(rphenylsulfanyDmethyDpropyl )aminoV3- nitrophenvDsulfonylV4-('4-(3,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl)-l- piperazinvDbenzenecarboximidarm'de The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 12C for EXAMPLE II in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 802 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.32 (br s, IH), 9.64 (s, IH), 8.90 (s, IH), 8.44 (d, IH), 8.20 (d, IH), 8.09 (s, IH), 7.83 (m, 3H), 7.47 (t, 2H), 7.42 (m, IH), 7.37 (m, 3H), 7.26 (m, 4H), 7.17 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, 2H), 7.11 (m, 2H), 7.02 (d, 2H), 6.27 (t, IH), 4.16 (m, IH), 4.02 (br s, IH), 3.85 (d, 2H), 3.54 (br s, IH), 3.12 (m, 6H), 2.74 (s, 6H), 2.14 (q, 2H).

EXAMPLE 13 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-N-((4-(r(lRV3-(dimethylamin o)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyDpropyDaminoy 3 -m'trophenvDsulfonyl)- 1 - piperazinecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 13A methyl 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxycyclohexyl)-N-cyano- 1 -piperazinecarbimidothioate A solution of l-(4-benzyl-4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperazine (prepared according to the procedure described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 10/269,739, filed October 14, 2002, 0.052 g, 0.181 mmol) in dichloromethane (5mL) was treated with dimethyl cyanothioiminocarbonate (0.026 mg, 0.181 mmol), heated to 40 0C overnight and concentrated. The crude material was used without further purification. MS.

EXAMPLE 13B 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxycvclohexyl)-N-cyano-N'-((4-(('(lRV3-('d imethylammo)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyDpropyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfonyiy i- piperazinecarboximidamide A solution of the EXAMPLE 13A (0.070 g, 0.181 mmol) in methanol (4.5 mL) and water (0.5 mL) was treated with 4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l- ((phenylthio)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrobenzenesulfonamide (prepared according to the procedure described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 09/957,256, filed September 20, 2001, 0.069 g, 0.181 mmol) and NaOH (0.022 g, 0.543 mmol) and was heated to 50 °C overnight. The solution was partitioned between dichloromethane and saturated NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane three times. The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by Cl 8 reverse phase HPLC eluting with a gradient from 10-100% acetonitrile in 0.1% aqueous TFA to give the desired product. MS

EXAMPLE 13C 4-(4-benzyl-4-methoxycvclohexylVN-((4-(((lRV3-rdimethylamino Vl- ((phenylsulfanvDmethyl)propyl)aminoV3-nitrophenyl)sulfonylVl - piperazinecarboximidamide A solution of EXAMPLE 13B (0.020 g, 0.026 mmol) in 2N HCl (1 mL) and CH3OH (1 mL) was heated to 50 0C overnight and concentrated. The resulting residue was purified by Cl 8 reverse phase HPLC eluting with a gradient from 10-100% acetonitrile in 0.1% aqueous TFA to give the desired product (0.0084 g, 42%). MS; 1H NMR (300MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.44 (m, IH), 7.74 (m, IH), 7.22 (m, 10H), 6.97 (m, IH), 4.12 (m, IH), 3.45 (m, 10H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, IH), 3.13 (s, 6H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, 3H), 2.32 (m, 3H), 1.52 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 14 N-((4-((( 1 RV3 -(dimethylaminoV 1 -(φhenylsulfanyDmethvDprop vDamino V 3 - nitrophenyl')sulfonyl)-4-phenyl- 1 -piperazinecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 14A methyl N-cvano-4-phenyl- 1 -piperazinecarbimidothioate The desired product was prepared by substituting 1-phenylpiperazine for l-(4-benzyl- 4-methoxycyclohexyl)piperazine in EXAMPLE 13 A. MS

EXAMPLE 14B N-cyano-N'-('(4-r('(lR)-3-(dimethylaminoVl-((phenylsulfanyl) methyDpropyl)aminoV3- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-phenyl- 1 -piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was obtained by substituting EXAMPLE 14A for EXAMPLE 13A in EXAMPLE 13B. MS EXAMPLE 14C N-((4-(('(lRV3-(diniethylamino)-l-('(plienylsulfanyl)methvDp ropyπammoV3- mtrophenvPsulfonylV 4-phenyl- 1 -piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was obtained by substituting EXAMPLE 14B for EXAMPLE 13B in EXAMPLE 13C. MS ; 1H NMR (300MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.47 (d, IH), 7.76 (dd, IH)5 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.14 (m, 3H), 6.96 (m, 3H), 6.86 (t, IH), 4.12 (m, IH), 3.71 (m, 4H), 3.44 (m, 4H), 3.16 (m, 4H), 3.12 (s, 6H), 2.36 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 15 N-((4-(((lRV3-rdimethylaminoVl-((pb.enylsulfanyl)methyl)prop yl)aminoV3- nitrophenvDsulfonylV4-r4-methoxy-4-('2-methylbenzyl')cyclohe xylVl- piperazinecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 15A 8-(2-methylbenzylM,4-dioxaspiro(4.5)decan-8-ol A solution of 2-methylbenzyl chloride (0.579 g, 4.12 mniol) in THF (20 niL) was treated with Mg (0.180 g, 7.50 mmol) and strirred at room temperature until all the Mg had dissolved. The mixture was cooled to 0 0C, treated with a solution of 1,4-cyclohexanedione mono-ethylene ketal (0.579 g, 4.12mmol) in THF (50 mL), warmed to room temperature, stirred overnight, quenched with saturated NH4Cl (100 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were washed with water and brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel with 6:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate to provide the desired product (0.48 g, 44%) MS (ESI) m/e 262 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 15B 8-methoxy-8-('2-methylbenzyl)-l,4-dioxaspiro(4.5)decane The desired product was obtained by substituting EXAMPLE 15A for EXAMPLE 1C in EXAMPLE ID. MS (ESI) m/e 294 (M+NH4)+.

EXAMPLE 15C 4-methoxy-4-r2-methylbenzyl)cyclohexanone A solution of EXAMPLE 15B (0.51 g, 1.80 mmol) in acetone (10 mL) was treated with water (5 mL) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.20 g), heated to reflux, stirred overnight, and concentrated to remove the acetone. The remaining aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10OmL) and the combined extracts were washed sequentially with IN NaOH, water, and brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to provide the desired product (0.42 g, 100 %). MS (ESI) m/e 233 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 15D tert-butyl 4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzvπc vclohexyD- 1 -piperazinecarboxylate A solution of EXAMPLE 15C (0.42 g, 1.80 mmol) and 1-tert- butoxycarbonylpiperazine (0.391 g, 2.10 mmol) in dichloroethane (10 mL) at room temperature was treated with acetic acid (500 μL) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (10.89 g, 4.2 mmol), stirred overnight, diluted with ethyl acetate (300 mL), washed sequentially with IN NaOH, water, and brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to provide the desired product (0.51 g, 70 %); MS (ESI) m/e 403 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 15E l-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)cyclohexyl)piperazine A solution of EXAMPLE 15D (0.51 g, 1.26 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) at room temperature was treated with 2M HCl in diethyl ether (5 mL), stirred overnight, and concentrated to provide the desired product (0.38 g, 100 %). MS (ESI) m/e 303 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 15F methyl N-cyano-4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)cyclohexyl)- 1 -piperazinecarbimidothioate The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 15E for l-(4-benzyl-4- methoxycyclohexyl)piperazine in EXAMPLE 13 A. MS

EXAMPLE 15G N-cyano-N'-r^-ffriRVS-fdimethylaminoVl-rrphenylsulfanvDmethy DpropyDaminoVS- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-(4-methoxy-4-r2-methylbenzyDcyclohexy lVl- piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was obtained by substituting EXAMPLE 15F for EXAMPLE 13A in EXAMPLE 13B. MS

EXAMPLE 15H N-r^-rCdRVS-rdimethylamino^-l-ffphenylsulfanyDmethvDpropyDam inoVS- nitrophenyπsulfonylV4-(4-methoxy-4-r2-methylbenzyl')cyclohe xyD-l- piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was obtained by substituting EXAMPLE 15G for EXAMPLE 13B in EXAMPLE 13C. MS ;1H NMR (300MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.46 (d, IH), 8.21 (d, IH), 7.76 (dd, IH), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, 6H), 6.97 (d, IH), 4.13 (m, IH), 3.37 (m, 12H), 3.15 (m, 8H)3 2.85 (m, 2H), 2.34 (m, 5H), 1.30-2.0 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 16 4-(4-(2-chlorobenzvD-4-methoxycvcloliexylVN-('('4-(('αR)-3- ('dimethylamino)-l- ((phenylsulfanvDmethvDpropyDamino^-S-nitrophenvDsulfonvD-l- piperazinecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 16A 8-(2-chlorobenzylV 1.4-dioxaspiro(4.5)decan-8-ol The desired product was prepared by substituting 2-chlorobenzylbromide for 2- methylbenzyl chloride in EXAMPLE 15 A. MS (ESI) m/e 300 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 16B 8-(2-chloroberizyl>8-methoxy-1.4-dioxaspiro(4.5)decane The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 16A for EXAMPLE 1C in EXAMPLE ID. MS (ESI) m/e 332 (M+NH4)+.

EXAMPLE 16C 4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4-methoxycyclohexanone The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 16B for EXAMPLE 15B in EXAMPLE 15C. MS (ESI) m/e 270 (M+NH4)+.

EXAMPLE 16D tert-butyl 4-(4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4-methoxycyclohexylV 1 -piperazinecarboxylate The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 16C for EXAMPLE 15C in EXAMPLE 15D. MS (ESI) m/e 423 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 16E l-r4-(2-chlorobenzylV4-methoxycvclohexyl')piperazine The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 16D for EXAMPLE 15D in EXAMPLE 15E. MS (ESI) m/e 323 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 16F methyl 4-f 4-(2-chlorobenzylV4-methoxycvclohexyl)-N-cyano- 1 -piperazinecarbimidothioate The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 16E for l-(4-benzyl-4- methoxycyclohexyl)piperazine in EXAMPLE 13 A. MS EXAMPLE 16G 4-(4-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4-methoxycvcloliexylVN-cvaιio-N'-((4- (((lRV3-(dimetliylaminoVl- ((phenylsulfanvDmethvDpropyDaminoVS-nitrophenvDsulfonvD-l- piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 16F for EXAMPLE 13A in EXAMPLE 13B. MS

EXAMPLE 16H 4-(4-(2-chlorobenzylV4-niethoxycyclohexylVN-((4-(((lRV3-rdir nethylaminoVl- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)aminoV3-nitroprienvDsulfonylV l- piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 16G for EXAMPLE 13B in EXAMPLE 13C. MS; 1H NMR (300MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.46 (d, IH), 8.21 (d, IH), 7.76 (m, IH), 7.35 (m, IH), 7.29 (m, 3H), 7.19 (m, 4H), 6.98 (m, IH), 4.14 (m, IH), 3.45 (m, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 3H), 3.13 (m, 7H), 3.03 (m, 6H), 2.34 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 17 N-((4-(((lR)-3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)pro pyl)amino)-3- nitrophenvDsulfonylV4-(4-(2-fluorobenzylV4-methoxycyclohexyl )-l- piperazinecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 17A 8-(2-fluorobenzylVl,4-dioxaspiro(4.5)decan-8-ol The desired product was prepared by substituting 2-fluorobenzyl bromide for 2- methylbenzyl chloride in EXAMPLE 15 A. MS (ESI) m/e 284 (M+NH4)+.

EXAMPLE 17B 8-(2-fluorobenzylV 8-methoxy- 1.4-dioxaspiro(4.5)decane The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 17 A for EXAMPLE 1 C in EXAMPLE ID. MS (ESI) m/e 298 (M+NH4)+.

EXAMPLE 17C 4-C2-fluoroberizviy4-methoxycvclohexanone The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 16B for EXAMPLE 15B in EXAMPLE 15C. MS (ESI) m/e 254 (M+NH4)+. EXAMPLE 17D tert-butyl 4-(4-("2-fluorobenzyl)-4-methoxycvclohexylV 1 -piperazinecarboxylate The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 17C for EXAMPLE 15C in EXAMPLE 15D. MS (ESI) m/e 407 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 17E l-(4-(2-fluorobenzyl)-4-methoxycvclohexyl')piperazine The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 17D for EXAMPLE 15D in EXAMPLE 15E. MS (ESI) m/e 307 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 17F methyl N-cyano-4-(4-f 2-fluorobenzyiy 4-metb.oxycyclohexylV 1 -piperazinecarbimidothioate The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 17E for l-(4-benzyl-4- methoxycyclohexyl)piperazine in EXAMPLE 13 A. MS

EXAMPLE 17G N-cyano-N'-((4-(((lRV3-(dimethylaminoVl-((phenylsulfanyl)met hyl)propyl)aminoV3- nitrophenyπsulfonyl)-4-(4-(2-fluorobenzylV4-methoxycyclohex yl)-l- piperazmecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 17F for EXAMPLE 13 A in EXAMPLE 13B. MS

EXAMPLE 17H N-((4-(r(lRV3-(dimethylamino)-l-((phenylsulfanyl)methyDpropy l)aminoV3- nitrophenyl>)sulfonylV4-(4-(2-fluorobenzylV4-methoxycyclo hexyl)-l- piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 17G for EXAMPLE 13B in EXAMPLE 13C. MS; 1H NMR (300MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.48 (m, IH), 8.22 (d, IH), 7.77 (m, IH), 7.30 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 4H), 7.03 (m, 3H), 4.14 (m, IH), 3.45 (m, 6H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 5H), 3.13 (s, 6H), 2.86 (d, 2H), 2.32 (m, 2H), 1.73 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 18 4-r4-(2-bromobenzyl)-4-methoxycyclohexylVN-rr4-(r(lRV3-rdime thylaminoVl- ((phenylsulfanyπmethyπpropyπaminoVS-nitrophenyDsulfonylVl - piperazinecarboximidamide

EXAMPLE 18A 8-(2-bromobenzviyi,4-dioxaspiro(4.5)decan-8-ol The desired product was prepared by substituting 2-bromobenzyl bromide for 2- methylbenzyl chloride in EXAMPLE 15 A. MS (ESI) m/e 328 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 18B 8-(2-bromobenzylV8-methoxy- 1 ,4-dioxaspiro(4.5)decane The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18A for EXAMPLE 1C in EXAMPLE ID. MS (ESI) m/e 360 (M+NH4)+.

EXAMPLE 18C 4-r2-bromobenzyl)-4-methoxycvclohexanone The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18B for EXAMPLE 15B in EXAMPLE 15C. MS (ESI) m/e 315 (M+NH4)+.

EXAMPLE 18D tert-butyl 4-(4-(2-bromobenzylV4-methoxycyclohexyl)- 1 -piperazinecarboxylate The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18C for EXAMPLE 15C in EXAMPLE 15D. MS (ESI) m/e 468 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 18E l-(4-(2-bromobenzyl)-4-methoxycyclohexyDpiperazine The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18D for EXAMPLE 15D in EXAMPLE 15E. MS (ESI) m/e 367 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 18F methyl 4-("4-(2-bromobenzylV4-methoxycyclohexyl)-N-cyano- 1 -piperazinecarbimidothioate The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18E for l-(4-benzyl-4- methoxycyclohexyl)piperazine in EXAMPLE 13 A. MS

EXAMPLE 18G 4-(4-(2-bromobenzylV4-methoxycyclohexylVN-cyano-N'-((4-((('l RV3-('dimethylaminoVl- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyDaminoV3-nitrophenyl)sulfonylVl - piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18F for EXAMPLE 13A in EXAMPLE 13B. MS

EXAMPLE 18H 4-(4-(2-bromobenzylV4-methoxycvclohexyl)-N-('(4-('((lRV3-(di methylaminoVl- (("phenylsulfanyπmethvDpropyl)ammoV3-nitrophenvDsulfonylVl- piperazinecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 18G for EXAMPLE 13B in EXAMPLE 13C. MS; 1H NMR (300MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.44 (d, IH), 7.75 (m, IH), 7.53 (m, IH), 7.29 (m, 4H), 7.16 (m, 3H), 7.09 (m, IH), 6.97 (m, IH), 4.11 (m, IH), 3.44 (m, 9H), 3.34 (d, 3H), 3.15 (m, 8H), 3.00 (d, 2H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.31 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, IH), 1.69 (m, 3H), 1.42 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 19 4-(4-methoxy-4-(2-methylbenzyl)-l-piperidinylVN-((3-nitro-4- rr2- rphenylsulfanyDethyDaniinolphenvDsulfonvDbenzenecarboximidam ide The desired product was prepared by substituting 2-phenylsulfanylethylamine (prepared according to the procedure described in Chem. Pharm. Bull 1995, 43, 2091-2094) and EXAMPLE 8D for EXAMPLE IM and EXAMPLE II, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 672 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.76 (d, IH), 8.53 (t, IH), 8.16 (br s, IH), 7.93 (dd, IH), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.40 (d, 2H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 4H), 6.88 (d, 2H), 6.77 (d, IH), 3.55 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 4H), 2.85 (s, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.87 (d, 2H), 1.69 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 20 N-((4-((l , 1 -dimethyl-2-('phenylsulfanvπethyl)aminoV3-nitrophenyl)sulfo nylV4-(4-methoxy- 4-(2-methylbenzyl)- 1 -piperidinvDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting l,l-dimethyl-2-phenylsulfanyl- ethylamine (prepared according to the procedure described in commonly owned U.S. Patent Application No. 09/957,256, filed September 20, 2001) and EXAMPLE 8D for EXAMPLE IM and EXAMPLE II, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 702 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.79 (s, IH), 8.45 (s, IH), 8.39 (d, IH), 8.00 (s, IH), 7.79 (d, 2H), 7.75 (dd, IH), 7.32 (d, IH), 7.25 (d, 2H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 7.00 (t, 2H), 6.93 (m, 3H), 3.64 (d, 2H), 3.52 (s, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.75 (d, 2H), 1.55 (s, 6H), 1.50 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 21 4-(4-methoxy-4-('2-methylbenzylVl-piperidinyl)-N-('(4-(r(lRV 3-(4-morpholinyl)-l- ((phenylsulfanyDmethyl)propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyDsulfonvDbe nzenecarboxiniidaniide

EXAMPLE 21 A benzyl (3RV2.5 -dioxotetrahydro-3 -furanylcarbamate A stirred suspension of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-D-aspartic acid (14.7 g, 55.1 mmol) in ethyl acetate (100 mL) was treated dropwise with thionyl chloride (40 mL, 511 mmol) and the resulting homogeneous mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours, and concentrated. The resulting solid was triturated in 1 : 1 diethyl ether/hexanes (200 mL) for 2 hours and filtered. The solid was dried to provide the desired product (13.7 g, 99%).

EXAMPLE 21B benzyl QRVS-oxotetrahydro-S-ftiranylcarbamate A suspension OfNaBH4 (2.71 g, 71.5 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was cooled to 0 °C, treated dropwise with a solution of EXAMPLE 21 A (16.21 g, 65.0 mmol) in THF (50 mL), allowed to warm to room temperature, and stirred for 2 hours. The resulting mixture was treated with concentrated HCl (13.1 mL) and ethanol (13.1 mL), heated to reflux for 12 hours, allowed to cool to room temperature, poured into brine (100 mL) and the layers were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic layers were washed with water and brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was triturated with diethyl ether (50 mL) for 2 hours, cooled overnight, and the solid collected by filtration to provide the desired product (7.81 g, 51%).

EXAMPLE 21C benzyl (lRVl-(hydroxymethylV3-(4-morpholmylV3-oxopropylcarbamate A solution of EXAMPLE 21B (13.5 g, 57.4 mmol) and morpholine (10.0 mL, 115 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) was stirred at 70 0C for 18 hours. The solution was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 10% methanol/ethyl acetate to provide the desired product 6.0 g, 86%). EXAMPLE 2 ID benzyl dR)-3-r4-moφholinylV3-oxo-l-((plienylsulfanvDmethyl)propylc arbamate A solution of EXAMPLE 21C (16.5 g, 51.2 mmol), diphenyldisulfide (14.5 g, 66.5 mmol) and tributylphosphine (16.6 mL, 66.5 mmol) in toluene (250 mL) was heated to 80 °C for 24 hours, concentrated, and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 50% ethyl acetate/hexanes to provide a mixture of the desired product containing approximately 10% tributylphosphine oxide (18.0 g mixture, -76%) that was carried on without further purification.

EXAMPLE 21E ( 1 RV 3 -(4-morpholinvD-3 -oxo- 1 -((phenylsulfanyl)methvDpropylaniine A solution of EXAMPLE 21D (18.0 g, -39 mmol) in 30% HBr in acetic acid (250 mL) was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature, concentrated to half its volume, poured into IM HCl (300 mL), washed with diethyl ether (3 x 200 mL), and extracted with IM HCl (150 mL). The combined aqueous layers were cooled to 0 0C, adjusted to pH ~12 with solid KOH, and extracted with dichloromethane (5 x 100 mL). The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and concentrated to provide the desired product (10.8 g, 98%).

EXAMPLE 21F πRV3-(4-morpholinylV 1 -((phenylsulfanyl)methvDpropylamine A solution of EXAMPLE 21E (6.00 g, 21.4 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was heated to 55 0C and treated drop wise with a solution of IM borane in THF (85 mL, 85.0 mmol) over a 1 hour period. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 55 °C for 18 hours, cooled to 0 0C, treated drop wise with methanol (10 mL), treated with 150 mL additional methanol, and concentrated. The crude residue was dissolved in methanol (70 mL), treated with methanolic HCl (100 mL), and heated to reflux for 24 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature, concentrated, diluted with 2M NaOH (200 mL), and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 250 mL). The combined extracts were washed with IM NaOH and brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered, concentrated, and purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5% triethylamine/10% methanol/10% acetonitrile/ethyl acetate to provide the desired product (3.45 g, 73%).

EXAMPLE 21G 4-r4-methoxy-4-r2-methylbenzylVl-piperidinylVN-('("4-('('('l R)-3-r4-morpholinylVl- (φhenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyl)amino)-3-m'1τophenyl)sulfony Dbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 21F and EXAMPLE 8D for EXAMPLE IM and EXAMPLE II, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 785 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (d, IH), 8.21 (d, IH), 8.12 (br, IH), 7.83 (dd, IH), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 7.15 (m, 6H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 6.67 (d, IH), 6.37 (br, IH), 4.01 (br, 2H), 3.95 (br, 4H), 3.56 (d, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 7H), 2.84 (s, 2H), 2.84 (br, 2H), 2.40 (m, IH), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.17 (m, IH), 1.86 (d, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 22 4-f 4-(T 4'-chloro- 1.1 '-biphenyl-2- vDmethylV 1 -piperazinylVN-(T3 -nitro-4-(Y2- (plienylsulfanyDetliyDamino^phenvDsulfonvDbenzenecarboximida mide

EXAMPLE 22A tert-butyl 4-(2-bromobenzyD- 1 -piperazinecarboxylate A solution of tert-butyl 1 -piperazinecarboxylate (5.51 g, 29.623 mmol) in acetonitrile (60 niL) at 0 0C was treated with diisopropylethylamine and 2-bromobenzyl bromide (7.776 g, 31.105 mmol), warmed to room temperature, stirred for 2 hours, and concentrated. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and aqueous NaHCO3. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The concentrate was used directly in the next step without further purification.

EXAMPLE 22B tert-butyl 4-((4'-chloro- 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl)- 1 -piperazinecarboxylate A solution of EXAMPLE 22A (5.82 g, 16.394 mmol) in DME (80 mL) was treated with 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (3.089 g, 19.673 mmol), CsF (7.476 g, 49.182 mmol) and (Ph3P)2Pd(OAc)2 (1.228g, 1.639 mmol), heated to reflux for 4 hours, and filtered. The filtrate was partitioned between aqueous NaHCO3 and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with 15% ethyl acetate/hexane to provide the desired product. MS (ESI) m/e 386, 388 (M+H) .

EXAMPLE 22C 1 -(14'-CtUOrQ- 1.1 '-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl)piperazine A solution of EXAMPLE 22B (1.00 g, 2.59 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) at room temperature was treated with 4N HCl in dioxane (19.4 mL, 77.7 mmol), stirred overnight. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was further dried under vacuum and used for the next step without further purification. EXAMPLE 22D 4-(4-((4'-chloro- 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-yDmetliyl)- 1 -piperazinvDbenzonitrile A solution of EXAMPLE 22C (932 mg, 2.591 mmol) in DMSO (13 niL) was treated with 4-fluorobenzonitrile (408 mg, 3.368 mmol) and K2CO3 (1.788 g, 12.955 mmol), heated at 130 0C for 4 hours, and filtered. The filtrate was partitioned between aqueous NaHCO3 and ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography with 20 % ethyl acetate/hexanes to provide the desired product. MS (ESI) m/e 388, 390 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 22E 4-(4-((4'-chloro- 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-yDmethyl)- 1 -piperazinyDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 22D for EXAMPLE 12A in EXAMPLE 12B.

EXAMPLE 22F 4-(4-((4'-chloro- 1 , 1 '-biphenyl-2-yl)methyl)- 1 -piperazinyl)-N-((4-fluoro-3 - nitrophenvDsulfonvDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 22E for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS (ESl) m/e 608, 610 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 22G 4-(4-((4'-ChIQr0- 1. i '-biphenyl-2-yrtoiethylV 1 -ρiρerazinyl)-N-r(3-nitro-4-('(2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximi damide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 22F and 2- phenylsulfanyl-ethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (APCI) m/e 741, 743 (M+H)+; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.76 (d, IH), 8.56 (t, IH), 8.22 (br, IH), 7.93 (dd, IH), 7.77 (m, IH), 7.68 (d, 2H), 7.45 (m, 4H), 7.26 (m, 7H), 6.77 (dd, 3H), 6.16 (br, IH), 4.31 (s, 2H), 3.56 (q, 2H), 3.47 (br, 4H), 3.19 (t, 2H), 1.65 (br, 4H).

EXAMPLE 23 4-(4-((4'-chloro- 1.1 '-biphenyl-2- vDmethylV 1 -piperazinylVN-((4-(( 1.1 -dimethyl-2- (phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)aminoV3-nitrophenyDsulfonyl)benzenecar boximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 22F and 1,1-dimethyl- 2-phenylsulfanylethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (APCI) m/e 769, 771 (M+H); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.84 (s, IH)3 8.46 (s, IH)3 8.39 (d, IH)3 8.04 (s, IH)3 7.81 (d, 2H)3 7.75 (dd, IH), 7.50 (m, 4H)3 7.36 (m, 3H)3 7.25 (m, 3H), 6.97 (m, 5H)3 3.52 (s, 2H)3 3.33 (m, 6H)3 2.39 (m, 4H)3 1.55 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 24 4-(4-((4'-chloro-l.r-biphenyl-2-vnmetliylVl-piperazinylVN-(r 4-r(αRV3-(4-morpholinylVl- ((phenylsulfanvDmethvπpropyDaminoVS-niixophenyDsulfonvπben zenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 22F and EXAMPLE 21D for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM3 respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 852, 854 (M-H)'; 1H NMR (300 MHz3 CDCl3) δ 8.72 (d, IH)3 8.50 (d, IH)3 8.21 (br, IH)3 7.82 (dd, IH)3 7.69 (d, 2H), 7.49 (m, IH)3 7.28 (m, HH)3 6.81 (d, 2H), 6.71 (d, IH)3 6.08 (br, IH)3 4.00 (br, IH), 3.67 (s, 4H)3 3.41 (s, 2H), 3.26 (t, 4H)3 3.12 (t, 2H), 2.43 (m, 10H)3 2.14 (m, IH)3 1.77 (m, IH).

EXAMPLE 25

(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)phenvDsulfonyl)benzenecarboxi midamide

EXAMPLE 25A 4-(4-(2-bromobenzyiy4-hydroxy- 1 -piperidinyl)benzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting 2-bromobenzylmagnesium bromide for benzylmagnesium chloride in EXAMPLE 5A. MS (ESI) m/e 371, 373 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 25B 4-(4-f 2-bromobenzyl>4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinyDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25 A for EXAMPLE 1 C in EXAMPLE ID. MS (ESI) m/e 385, 387 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 25C 4-(4-d,l'-biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-4-methoxy-l-piperidinyDbenzon itrile The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25B and phenylboronic acid for EXAMPLE 22A and 4-chloroρhenylboronic acid, respectively, in EXAMPLE 22B. MS (ESI) m/e 383 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 25D 4-(4-riJ'-biphenyl-2-ylmethylV4-methoxy-l-piperidinyl)benzen ecarboximidamide The desired product was obtained by substituting EXAMPLE 25C for EXAMPLE 12A in EXAMPLE 12B. EXAMPLE 25E 4-(4-(l.r-biphenyl-2-ylmethylV4-methoxy-l-piperidinylVN-rr4- fluoro-3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximidamide The desired product was obtained by substituting EXAMPLE 25D for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS (ESI) m/e 603 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 25F 4-(4-f 1.1 '-biphenyl-σ-ylmethv^-methoxy- 1 -piperidmylVN-(Y3-nitro-4-(Y2- φhenylsulfanyDethyDamino^phenvπsulfonyDbenzenecarboximidar nide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25E and 2- phenylsulfanyl-ethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 731 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.75 (d, IH), 8.53 (t, IH), 8.15 (br, IH), 7.93 (dd, IH), 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.40 (m, 3H), 7.27 (m, 10H), 6.81 (d, 2H), 6.77 (d, IH), 6.21 (br, IH), 3.55 (q, 2H), 3.35 (d, 2H), 3.18 (t, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.99 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 2H), 1.59 (d, 2H), 1.40 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 26 4-(4-Cl .1 '-biphenyl-2-ylmethyr)-4-methoxy- 1 -piperidinylVN-(T4-(Tl .1 -dimethyl-2- φhenylsulfanyDethvπaminoVS-nitrophenyDsulfonyDbenzenecarbo ximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25E and 1,1-dimethyl- 2-phenylsulfanylethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 762 (M-H)'; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (d, IH), 8.18 (br, IH), 7.81 (dd, IH), 7.67 (d, 2H), 7.37 (m, 3H), 7.27 (m, 8H), 7.03 (m, 3H), 6.94 (d, IH), 6.78 (d, 2H), 6.14 (br, IH), 3.35 (br, 4H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.97 (t, 2H), 2.94 (s, 2H), 1.59 (s, 6H), 1.57 (br, 2H), 1.36 (br, 2H).

EXAMPLE 27 A-(A-(1.1 '-biρhenyl-2-ylmethylV4-methoxy- 1 -piρeridinylVN-(T4-(TαRV3 -f 4-morpholinyr)- 1 - (Cphenylsulfanvπmethyl')propyl)amino)-3-nitrophenyπsulfony l)benzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 25E and EXAMPLE 21D for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 847 (M-H)'; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64 (d, IH), 8.21 (d, IH), 8.12 (br, IH), 7.83 (dd, IH), 7.67 (d, 2H), 7.39 (t, 2H), 7.29 (m, 8H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 6.85 (d, 2H), 6.67 (d, IH), 6.38 (br, IH), 3.99 (br, 6H), 3.35 (d, 2H), 3.15 (m, 8H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 2H), 2.82 (br, 2H), 2.40 (m, IH), 2.18 (m, IH), 1.60 (d, 2H), 1.41 (m, 2H). EXAMPLE 28 4-(4-α .1 '-biphenyl-2-ylmethyleneV 1 -piperidinylVN'-('('3-nitro-4-((2- (phenylsulfanvDethvDamino^phenvDsulfonvπbenzenecarboximidan iide

EXAMPLE 28A 4-(4-d , 1 '-biphenyl-2-ylmethylene)- 1 -piperidinvDbenzonitrile The desired product was prepared by substituting biphenyl-2-ylmethyl triphenyl- phosphonium bromide (prepared according to the procedure described in J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 543-577) for 4-fluorobenzyl triphenylphosphonium chloride in EXAMPLE 9A. MS (ESI) m/e 351 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 28B 4-(4-(U'-biphenyl-2-ylmethyleneVl-piperidinyDbenzenecarboxim idamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28A for EXAMPLE 12A in EXAMPLE 12B. MS (DCI) m/e 368 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 28C 4-(4-(l.r-biphenyl-2-ylmethyleneVl-piperidinyl)-N'-r(4-fluor o-3- nitrophenyDsulfonvDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28B for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS (ESI) m/e 571 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 28D 4-(4-(l.l'-biphenyl-2-ylmethylene)-l-piperidinylVN'-((3-nitr o-4-r('2- (phenylsulfanvDethyDamino^phenvDsulfonyDbenzenecarboximidami de The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28C and 2- phenylsulfanyl-ethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 702 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.78 (s, IH), 8.64(t, IH), 8.48 (d, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 7.85 (dd, IH), 7.77 (d, 2H), 7.33 (m, HH), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.15(m, 2H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 6.17 (s, IH), 3.63 (m, 2H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3.26 (t, 2H), 3.21 (t, 2H), 2.25 (t, 4H).

EXAMPLE 29 4-(4-( 1.1 '-biphenyl-2-ylmethyleneV 1 -piperidinyr)-N'-((4-(Yl , 1 -dimethyl-2- (phenylsulfanvDethyDaminoVS-nitrophenyDsulfonyDbenzenecarbox imidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28C and 1,1-dimethyl- 2-phenylsulfanylethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 73) (M-H)'; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.80 (s, IH)5 8.65(s, IH), 8.39 (d, IH), 8.02 (s, IH), 7.81 (d, 2H), 7.75 (dd, IH), 7.35 (m, 10H), 7.24 (m, 3H), 7.01 (m, 2H), 6.94 (d, 2H), 6.16 (s, IH), 3.52 (s, 2H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3.22 (t, 2H), 2.26 (t, 4H), 1.55 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 30 4-r4-dJ'-biphenyl-2-ylmethyleneVl-piperidinvn-N'-((4-r(riRV3 -C4-morpholinylVl- ((phenylsulfanvDmethvπpropyπaminoVS-nitrophenvDsulfonvDben zenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 28C and EXAMPLE 21D for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 815 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.77 (s, IH), 8.43 (d, IH), 8.38 (d, IH), 7.98 (s, IH), 7.77 (m, 3H), 7.33 (m, HH), 7.13 (m, 4H), 6.93 (d, 2H), 6.16 (s, IH), 4.15 (m, IH), 3.48 (m, 4H), 3.40 (t, 2H), 3.35 (t, 2H), 3.28 (t, 2H), 3.21 (t, 2H), 2.28 (m, 6H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.98 (m ,1H), 1.90 (m, IH).

EXAMPLE 31 N'-("(3-nitro-4-(r2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl)amino)plienyl)sulf onylV4-C4-f2- (trifluoromethyl)benzylidene)- 1 -piperidinyl)benzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1OC and 2- phenylsulfanyl-ethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 693 (M-H)-; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.80 (s, IH), 8.65(t, IH), 8.48 (d, IH), 8.01 (s, IH), 7.85 (dd, IH), 7.79 (d, 2H), 7.72(d, IH), 7.63 (m, IH), 7.47 (m, IH), 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.15(m, 2H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 6.50 (s, IH), 3.64 (m, 2H), 3.51 (t, 2H), 3.38 (t, 2H), 3.26 (t, 2H), 2.42 (t, 2H), 2.24 (t, 2H).

EXAMPLE 32 N'-(T4-rα.l-dimethyl-2-Cphenylsulfanvnethyl)aminoV3-nitroph enyl)sulfonylV4-(4-r2- (trifluoromethyDbenzylideneV 1 -piperidinvDbenzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1OC and 1,1-dimethyl- 2-phenylsulfanylethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 722 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.83 (s, IH), 8.46(s, IH), 8.39 (d, IH), 8.04 (s, IH), 7.84 (d, 2H), 7.75 (m, 2H), 7.63 (m, IH), 7.46 (m, IH), 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 6.97 (m, 5H), 6.50 (s, IH), 3.52 (m, 4H), 3.38 (t, 2H), 2.43 (t, 2H), 2.25 (t, 4H), 1.55 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 33 N'-((4-(((lR)-3-(4-moφholmyl)-l-((phenylsulfanvDmethyDpropy πatninoV3- nitrophenyl)sulfonylV4-('4-('2-(trifluoromethyl)benzylideneV 1 - piperidinyDbenzenecarboximidatnide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 1OC and EXAMPLE 21D for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 806 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.79 (s, IH), 8.43 (d, IH), 8.38 (d, IH), 8.00 (s, IH), 7.77 (m, 4H), 7.63 (m, IH), 7.47 (m, IH), 7.36 (m, IH)3 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.13 (m, 4H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 6.49 (s, IH), 4.15 (m, IH), 3.49 (m, 6H), 3.38 (m, 4H), 2.42 (t, 2H), 2.25 (m, 8H), 1.96 (m ,1H), 1.89 (m, IH).

EXAMPLE 34 4-(4-r3.3-diphenyl-2-propenyl)-l-piperazinylVN'-(G-nitro-4-( '('2- (phenylsulfanyDethyl)ammo)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximida mide

EXAMPLE 34A 4-(4-(3,3-diphenyl-2-propenyl)-l-piperazinyl)-N'-((4-fluoro- 3- nitrophenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximidamide The desired compound was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 12B for EXAMPLE IH in EXAMPLE II. MS (ESI) m/e 600 (M+H)+.

EXAMPLE 34B 4-(4-C3.3-diphenyl-2-pror)envD-l-piperazinylVN'-('("3-nitro- 4-('('2- (phenylsulfanyDethyl)amino)phenyl)sulfonyl)benzenecarboximid amide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 34A and 2- phenylsulfanyl-ethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 731 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.78 (s, IH), 8.64(t, IH), 8.48 (d, IH), 8.01 (s, IH), 7.85 (dd, IH), 7.75 (d, 2H), 7.40-7.10 (m, 16H), 6.97 (d, 2H), 6.18 (t, IH), 3.64 (m, 2H), 3.27 (m, 6H), 3.01 (d, 2H), 2.44 (t, 4H).

EXAMPLE 35 N'-(T4-(Y 1.1 -dimethyl-2-rphenylsulfanvDethylN)amino)-3-nitrophenyl)sulfo nylV4-('4-r3.3 - diphenyl-2-propenylVl-piperazinyl)benzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 34A and 1,1-dimethyl- 2-phenylsulfanylethylamine for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 759 (M-H); 1U NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.83 (s, IH), 8.45 (s, IH), 8.39 (d, IH), 8.04 (s, IH), 7.81 (d, 2H), 7.75 (dd, IH), 7.43-7.20 (m, 12H), 7.13 (d, 2H), 6.97 (m, 4H), 6.19 (t, IH), 3.51 (s, 2H), 3.30 (m, 4H), 3.01 (d, 2H), 2.45 (t, 4H), 1.55 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 36 4-(4-(33-diphenyl-2-proρenylVl-piperazinyl)-N'-('(4-rrπRV3 -(4-morpholinyl)-l- ((phenylsulfanyl)methyl)propyDaminoV3-nitrophenvDsulfonyl)be nzenecarboximidamide The desired product was prepared by substituting EXAMPLE 34A and EXAMPLE 21D for EXAMPLE II and EXAMPLE IM, respectively, in EXAMPLE IN. MS (ESI) m/e 844 (M-H)"; 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSOd6) δ 8.79 (s, IH), 8.43(d, IH), 8.38 (d, IH), 8.00 (s, IH), 7.77 (m, 3H), 7.45-7.10(m, 16H), 6.92 (d, 2H), 6.19 (t, IH), 4.15 (m, IH), 3.47 (m, 4H), 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.29 (m, 4H), 3.01 (d, 2H), 2.45 (m, 4H), 2.31 (m, 4H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.96 (m ,lH), 1.81 (m, IH).

Following the procedures described in the EXAMPLES and the schemes, the following compounds may be prepared:

wherein R2 is one of the following structures:

and R4 is one of the following structures: -54-