This invention relates to novel naphthalenepropionic acid derivatives possessing lipoxygenase inhibitory and leukotriene antagonist activity, which are useful as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and cytoprotective agents.

It is known that arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized in mammals by two distinct pathways. The metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase enzymes results in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. The physiological activity of the prostaglandins has already been amply elucidated in recent years. The other pathway of A A metabolism involves lipoxygenase enzymes and results in the production of a number of oxidative products called leukotrienes. The latter are designated by the LT nomenclature system, and the most significant products of the lipoxygenase metabolic pathway are the leukotrienes B4, C4, D4 and E4. The substance denominated slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) has been shown to consist of a mixture of sulfidopeptide leukotrienes, C4, D4 and E4 [see Bach et al.. J. Immun.. 215. 115-118 (1980); Biochem. Biophvs. Res. Commun.. 93. 1121-1126 (1980)].

The significance of these leukotrienes is that a great deal of evidence has been accumulated showing that leukotrienes participate in inflammatory reactions, exhibit chemotactic activities, stimulate lysosomal enzyme release and act as important factors in the immediate hypersensitivity reaction. It has been shown that LTC4 and

LTD4 are potent bronchoconstrictors of the human bronchi [see Dahlen et al., Nature

288. 484-486 (1980) and Piper, Int. Arch. Appl. Immunol.. 2__, suppl. 1, 41 (1985)] which stimulate the release of mucus from airways in vitro [Marom et al., Am. Rev.

Resp. Pis.. 126. 449 (1982)], are potent vasodilators in skin [see Bisgaard et al.,

Prostaglandins. 23. 797 (1982)], and produce a wheal and flare response [Camp et al.,

Br. J. Pharmacol.. £Q, 497 (1983)]. The nonpeptide leukotriene, LTB4, is a powerful chemotactic factor for leukocytes [see A.S. Ford-Hutchinson, J. Rov. Soc. Med.. 74. 831-833 (1981)], which stimulates cell accumulation and affects vascular smooth muscle [see Bray, Br. Med. Bull.. 29, 249 (1983)]. The activity of leukotrienes as mediators of inflammation and hypersensitivity is extensively reviewed in Bailey and

Casey, Ann. Reports Med. Chem.. 17. 203-217 (1982) and in Bray, Agents and Actions. 19, 87 (1986).

There is also evidence that products of the cyclooxygenase lipoxygenase pathways play key roles in both the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage due to extracellular (gastric and intestinal contents, microorganisms, and the like) or intracellular (ischemia, viruses, etc.) agents, as well as in cytoprotection against such damage. Thus, on the one hand prostaglandins exert a cytoprotective effect on the gastric mucosa [see Robert, Gastroenterologv. 77, 761-767 (1979)] and this action of the prostaglandins, especially of the E series, is considered to be of importance in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulceration [see Isselbacher, Drugs. 33 (suppl.), 38-46 (198)]. On the other hand, ex vivo experiments have shown that gastric mucosal tissue from ethanol-pretreated rats is capable of LTC4 generation and that this LTC ₄ production is quantitatively related to the severity of the ethanol damage [see Lange et al., Naunvn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. Suppl.. 330. R27, (1985)]. It has also been demonstrated that LTC4 can induce vasoconstriction in both venous and arteriolar vessels in the rat submucosa [see Whittle, IUPHAR Ninth Int. Cong, of Pharm.. S30- 2, London, England (1984)]. This is significant since ethanol-induced lesion formation in gastric mucosa may be multifactorial with, for example, stasis of gastric blood flow contributing significantly to the development of the hemorrhagic necrotic aspects of the tissue injury [see Guth et al., Gastroenterologv, 87, 1083-90 (1984)]. Moreover, in the anesthetized cat, exogenous LTD4 evokes both increased pepsin secretion and decreased transgastric potential [Pendleton et all, Eur. J. Pharmacol.. 125. 297-99 (1986)]. A particularly significant recent finding in this regard is that 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors and some leukotriene antagonists protect the gastric mucosa against lesions ^' induced by the oral or parenteral administration of most nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [see Rainsford, Agents and Actions. 21. 316-19 (1987)]. Accordingly, a significant body of evidence implicates the involvement of lipoxygenase products in the development of pathological features associated with gastric mucosal lesions, such as for example those induced by ethanol exposure and administration of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs. Thus, compounds which inhibit the biological effects of leukotrienes and/or which control the biosynthesis of these substances, as by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase, are considered to be of value as cytoprotective agents.

Accordingly, the biological activity of the leukotrienes and SRS's, and of lipoxygenase as the enzyme leading to the metabolism of AA to leukotrienes, indicates that a rational approach to drug therapy to prevent, remove or ameliorate the

symptoms of allergies, anaphylaxis, asthma and inflammation and for gastric cytoprotection must focus on either blocking the release of mediators of these conditions or antagonizing their effects. Thus compounds, which inhibit the biological effects of the leukotrienes and SRS's and/or which control the biosynthesis of these substances, as by inhibiting lipoxygenase, are considered to be of value in treating such conditions as allergic bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, as well as in other immediate hypersensitivity reactions and in providing gastric cytoprotection.

Our European Patent Applications 301813 and 396839 describe certain novel naphthalenepropionic acid derivatives which inhibit lipoxygenase and antagonize products of the lipoxygenase pathway, and so are useful as anti-inflammatory, anti¬ allergic and cytoprotective agents. The present invention provides further novel compounds having the following formula:

wherein A is alkyl of 3-19 carbon atoms, diloweralkyl vinyl, dihalovinyl, diphenylvinyl,

lower alkynyl, ^R V f ^N v I] or

W is -CR ₂ O- , -CH=CH- or -CH=CHCH ₂ O-

X is N or CR;

R R R R R

I I I I I

Z is -C=C- , -ON- , -N=C- , -N- , -S- or -O- ; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl;

R R R R OH R

1 , 1 I 1 1 I

Y is -CCOR ³ , -CCH ₂ OH, -CCHO, -C-N-C-NH ₂ or -C-NHC-NROH

I I ² I I II ² I II

R R R R O R O

* CH, with the proviso that when -CCOR ³ is CHCOR ³ ,

R

R ³ is other than OR when W is CH2O; R ¹ is hydrogen, lower alkyl or phenyl;

R ² is hydrogen or lower alkyl; or

R ¹ and R ² taken together form a benzene ring, optionally substituted by halo;

R R ³ is -OR , -N-OR or -NHSO ₂ R ⁴ ;

R ⁴ is phenyl or loweralkyl substituted phenyl; R ⁵ is hydrogen or halo; and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The invention also includes certain compounds of formula I wherein Y is

CH ₃

I CHCOOR

where R is lower alkyl and A, W, X, Z, R, R ¹ , R ² and R ⁵ are as defined above for use as a pharmaceutical. Some of these compounds are disclosed generally as intermediates in our European Application 301813.

The terms "lower alkyl" and "lower alkynyl" refer to moieties having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the carbon chain, and "halo" refers to fluoro, chloro or bromo.

The compounds of formula I may be prepared by a process which comprises reacting a compound of formula II

wherein P is CR ₂ or CH=CHCH2 and A is as defined in Claim 1 and Hal is chlorine, bromine III or iodine, with one equivalent of a metal derivative of a compound of formula HI where Y and R ⁵ are as defined above.

Compounds of formula I wherein Y is

where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula II

a

where A is as defined above and P is as defined above, with 2 equivalents of a metal derivative of a compound of formula Ilia, wherein Y is as defined above to obtain an ether ester of formula IV

wherein A, W and R ⁵ are as defined above, and then hydrolysing the ether ester to obtain the compound of formula I, and if desired isolating the product as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Compounds of formula I wherein Y is

where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, may be prepared by hydrolysing a compound of formula

where A, W, R and R ⁵ are as defined above and if desired isolating the product as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Compounds of formula I wherein Y is

may also be prepared by hydrolysing a corresponding lower alkyl ester of the corresponding acid of formula I.

Compounds of formula I in which Y is

R

I C— CH ₂ OH

I

R

wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl may be prepared by reducing a corresponding compound of formula I where Y is

R

I C— C0 ₂ H .

I R

Compounds of formula I wherein Y is

R R ⁶

I I CCON— OH

I R

where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R ⁶ is lower alkyl may also be prepared by treating a corresponding acid chloride of formula I wherein Y is

R

I CCOC1

I R

with a lower alkyl hydroxylamine.

Compounds of formula I wherein Y is

where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R ⁶ is lower alkyl may be prepared by treating a corresponding acid of formula I wherein Y is

with an O-alkylhydroxylamine in the presence of a carbodiimide.

Compounds of formula I in which Y is

R

I C-NH-CONROH

I R

wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl may be prepared by treating an acid azide of formula I wherein Y is

R

I C— CON ₃

I

R

and R is hydrogen or lower alkyl with hydroxylamine or N-lower alkyl hydroxylamine.

Compounds of formula I in which Y is

wherein R ³ is NHSO ₂ R ⁴ and R ⁴ is phenyl or lower alkyl substituted phenyl and R is hydrogen or lower alkyl may be prepared by treating a corresponding acid of formula I in which Y is

R

I C— COOH

I R

with a benzene sulphonamide of formula R ⁴ SO ₂ NH ₂ where R ⁴ is as defined above in the presence of a condensing agent.

Compounds of formula I in which Y is

R

I C— CHO

I R

where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl may be prepared by oxidizing a corresponding alcohol of formula I wherein Y is

R

I C— CH ₂ OH .

I

R

Esters of formula I wherein Y is

R is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R ⁶ is lower alkyl may be prepared by esterifying the corresponding acid of formula I where Y is

Compounds of formula I where W is -CH=CH- may be prepared by reacting a compound of formula V

A- CH ₂ -PPh ₃ B ^" V

where B" is an anion, A is as defined above, Ph is phenyl and P is phosphorus with a compound of formula VI

or a compound of formula

ACHO vπ may be reacted with a compound of formula VIH

where P, Ph, B" Y and R ⁵ are as defined above. The starting materials used in the reaction sequences are available commercially or can be prepared by known methods conventional in the art. Thus, for example, the benzo-fused heterocyclic compounds such as l-methyl-2-chloromethylbenzimidazole, 2-chloromethylbenzthiazole and 2- chloromethylbenzoxazole can be prepared by the following reaction schemer

wherein X is O, S or NCH3. The reaction is preferably carried out at a controlled low temperature in an organic solvent, such as methylene chloride.

The compounds of the invention which contain a basic nitrogen atom can form pharmacologically acceptable salts from pharmacologically acceptable organic and inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfonic, sulfuric, phosphoric, nitric, maleic, fumaric, benzoic, ascorbic, pamoic, succinic, methanesulfonic, acetic, propionic, tartaric, citric, lactic, malic, mandelic, cinnamic, palmitic, itaconic and benzenesulfonic. The compounds which are carboxylic acids are capable of forming alkali metal and alkaline earth carboxylates and carboxylates of pharmacologically acceptable cations derived from ammonia or a basic amine. Examples of the latter include but are not limited to cations such as ammonium, mono-, di-, and trimethylammonium, mono-, di- and triethylammonium, mono-, di- and tripropylammonium (iso and normal), ethyldimethylammonium, benzyldimethylammonium, cyclohexylammonium, benzylammonium, dibenzylammonium, piperidinium, morpholinium, pyrrolidinium, piperazinium, 1- methylpiperidinium, 4-ethylmorpholinium 1-isopropylpyrrolidinium, 1,4- dimethylpiperazinium, 1-n-butyl-piperidinium, 2-methylpiperidinium, l-ethyl-2- methylpiperidinium, mono-, di- and triethanolammonium, ethyl diethanolammonium, n-butylmonoethanolammonium, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylammonium, phenyl- monoethanolammonium, and the like.

The compounds of the invention, by virtue of their ability to inhibit the activity of lipoxygenase enzyme and to antagonize mediators arising from this enzymatic pathway, are useful in the treatment of inflammatory conditions.

Accordingly, the compounds are indicated in the treatment of such diseases as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, tendinitis, bursitis and similar conditions involving inflammation. Moreover, by virtue of their ability to inhibit the activity of lipoxygenase enzyme and by their ability to antagonize the effect of LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 which are the constituents of SRS-A, they are useful for the inhibition of symptoms induced by these leukotrienes. Accordingly, the compounds are indicated in the prevention and treatment of those disease states in which LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 are causative factors, for example allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchial asthma and other leukotriene mediated naso-bronchial obstructive air-passageway conditions, as well as in other immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as allergic conjunctivitis. The compounds are especially valuable in the prevention and treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.

The compounds of the invention are cytoprotective agents and are considered especially useful when administered with conventional non-steroidal anti¬ inflammatory drugs, whose major side effect is gastrointestinal irritation. The cytoprotective effect of the compounds of the invention significantly reduces the gastroirritant impact of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. This effect is based not only on the ability of the compounds of the invention to inhibit the biological effects of leukotrienes and/or control the biosynthesis of these substances, as by inhibiting lipoxygenase, but also by a shunting effect, whereby the control of the lipoxygenase pathway "shunts" the oxidation of arachidonic acid into the cyclooxygenase pathway, giving rise to an increase in the formation of cytoprotective prostaglandins. These biological effects make the compounds of the invention especially useful in treating such conditions as erosive esophagitis, inflammatory bowel disease and induced hemorrhagic lesions such as those induced by alcohol or non-steroidal anti¬ inflammatory drugs (NSAID's), hepatic ischemia, noxious agent induced damage or necrosis of hepatic, pancreatic, renal or myocardial tissue; liver parenchymal damage caused by hepatotoxic agents such as carbon tetrachloride and D-galactosamine; ischemic renal failure; disease-induced hepatic damage; bile salt-induced pancreatic or gastric damage; trauma or stress-induced cell damage; and glycerol-induced renal failure.

When the compounds of the invention are employed in the treatment of allergic airway disorders, as anti-inflammatory agents and/or as cytoprotective agents, they can be formulated into oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules and the like. The compounds can be administered alone or by combining them with conventional carriers, such as magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, dextrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, low melting wax, cocoa butter and the like. Diluents, flavoring agents, solubilizers, lubricants, suspending agents, binders, tablet- disintegrating agents and the like may be employed. The compounds may be encapsulated with or without other carriers. In all cases, the proportion of active ingredients in said compositions both solid and liquid will be at least to impart the desired activity thereto on oral administration. The compounds may also be injected parenterally, in which case they are used in the form of a sterile solution containing other solutes, for example, enough saline or glucose to make the solution isotonic. For administration by inhalation or insufflation, the compounds may be formulated into an

aqueous or partially aqueous solution, which can then be utilized in the form of an aerosol.

The dosage requirements vary with the particular compositions employed, the route of administration, the severity of the symptoms presented and the particular subject being treated. Treatment will generally be initiated with small dosages less than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter the dosage is increased until the optimum effect under the circumstances is reached. In general, the compounds of the invention are most desirably administered at a concentration that will generally afford effective results without causing any harmful or deleterious side effects, and can be administered either as a single unit dose, or if desired, the dosage may be divided into convenient subunits administered at suitable times throughout the day.

The lipoxygenase inhibitory and leukotriene antagonist effects as well as the antiinflammatory and cytoprotective effects of the compounds of the invention may be demonstrated by standard pharmacological procedures, which are described more fully in the examples given hereinafter.

The following examples show the preparation and pharmacological testing of compounds within the invention. Examples 1 and 2 are reference examples.

Fxpmpl? 1 α-Methyl-6-f2-quinolinylmethoxy)-

3-naDhthaleneacetic acid

To a solution of 6-hydroxy-α-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid (10.8 g, 50 mmol) in methanol (100 ml) is added sodium methoxide (100 mmol). After 10 minutes the solvent is removed and replaced with dimethylformamide (250 ml). 2- (Chloromethyl)quinoline (17.8 g, 100 mmol) is then added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 8 days at room temperature. The reaction mixture is partitioned between water and methylene chloride, the organic layer is washed with water and evaporated to yield 27 g of an oil. Recrystallization of this oil twice from acetonitrile gives 10.6 g of white crystals of intermediate ether ester (42% yield, m.p. 106-108°C).

The ether ester from above is hydrolyzed as follows: a solution of the ether ester (14.4 g, 28.9 mmol) in a mixture of 110 ml of IN NaOH and 110 ml tetrahydrofuran is refluxed for 1 hour. The organic solvent is then removed and 2- (hydroxymethyl)quinoline is filtered off. The aqueous solution is acidified to pH 6 and the precipitate is filtered and recrystallized from ethanol to afford 2.2 g of white crystals (21% yield, m.p. 186-187 ^β C). Analysis for: C23H ₁ 9NO3 Calculated: C, 77.30; H, 5.36; N, 3.92. Found: C, 77.69; H, 5.36; N, 3.93.

Pimple 1

S-( ^' +)-α-Methyl-6-( ^, 2-quinolinyl- methoxy)-2-naphthaleneacetιc acid

To a solution of S-(+)-α-methyl-6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene acetic acid* (21.6 g, 100 mmol) in methanol (250 ml) is added sodium methoxide (200 mmol). The solvent is removed in vacuo and replaced with dimethylformamide (300 ml). To this solution is added 2-(chloromethyl)quinoline (17.7 g, 100 mmol). After 90 minutes, the solvent is removed in vacuo at 50 ^β C and the residue is partitioned between ethyl acetate and pH = 4 buffer. The insolubles and the ethyl acetate are heated to 60°C at which point a homogeneous solution is obtained. Cooling the solution to room temperature affords 8.9 g of white crystals (26%). A second recrystallization of 4.0 g of this material from methanol (200 ml) affords 1.78 g of white crystals, m.p. 192- 194 ^β C.

Analysis for: C23H19NO3 Calculated: C, 77.30; H, 5.36; N, 3.92. Found: C, 76.96; H, 5.44; N, 3.89.

(α) _D = +51.7 (Pyr e = 1.115)

* Prepared according to the procedure described in J. Med. Chem.. 17. 377 (1974).

Example 3 α-Methvl-6-rr7-chloro-2-quinolinvn- methoxvl-2-naphthaIeneacetic acid

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 2 using 2-bromomethyl-7-chloroquinoline. A crystalline solid is obtained having a melting point of 188-190'C. Analysis for: C ₂ 3H ₁₈ CINO ₃ Calculated: C, 70.50; H, 4.63; N, 3.57. Found: C, 70.85; H, 4.57; N, 3.46.

Example 4 tt-Methvl-5-bromo-6.f2-quinolinvlmethoxv)-

2-naphthaleneacetic acid The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 2 using 5-bromo-6-hydroxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acid. White crystals are obtained, m.p.

210-212'C.

Analysis for: C23HisBrNO3

Calculated: C, 63.32; H, 4.16; N, 3.21. Found: C, 63.02; H, 4.06; N, 3.24.

Exam le 5 α-Methvl-6-rf3-phenvl-2-propenvl oxv1-

2-naphthaleneacetic acid

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 2 using cinnamyl bromide. A crystalline solid is obtained having a melting point of 175- 177°C.

Analysis for: Q22H20O3 Calculated: C, 79.50; H, 6.07.

Found: C, 79.42; H, 6.06.

Example 6

6-(2-Ouinolinvlmethoxv -2-naphthaleneacetic Acid

A mixture of 2-acetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene* (63.4 g, 0.31mol), sulfur (16.0, 0.5 gAtoms) and morpholine (55.0 g, 0.63mol) is heated at 140°C for 18 hours. After removal of the excess morpholine, concentrated hydrochloric acid (220 ml) and

acetic acid (125 ml) are added to the reaction mixture, which is then refluxed for 24 hours. The solvent is removed and 0.5L of water is added. The resulting precipitate is filtered off and added to a hot solution of 60.0 g sodium carbonate in 0.5L of water. This solution is acidified and washed with diethylether. The ether layer is filtered and evaporated to afford 39.0 g (61%) of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acid as white crystals, m.p. 208-210 ^β C. The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 1 using the acid from this example. A pale yellow crystalline solid is obtained having a melting point of 199-202°C. Analysis for: C22H ₁ 7NO3 Calculated: C, 76.95; H, 4.99; N, 4.07.

Found: C, 76.60; H, 5.10; N, 3.98.

* Prepared according to the procedure described in Organic Syntheses VI, 34 (1988).

Example 7 α.α-Dimethvl-6-f2-αuinolinvlmethoxv)- 2-napht aigneacetic av .

To a solution of α— methyl-6-methoxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acid methyl ester (12.2 g, 50 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100ml) at -70°C is added a solution of lithium diisopropylamide in cyclohexane (50 ml, 1.5 equiv). After 20 min, methyl iodide (4.0 ml, 1.3 equiv) is added followed by hexamethylphosphoramide (20 ml). After allowing the reaction mixture to warm to room temperature and stir 16 hours, the reaction is quenched by addition of acetic acid (4.3 ml, 75 mmol). The solvent is then removed and the residue is partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer is washed with water 3 times and finally with brine. After drying over magnesium sulfate, the organic extract is evaporated to afford a crude solid. Recrystallization of this solid from hexane affords 8.56 g (66%) of α,α-dimethyl-6- methoxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acid methyl ester as white crystals, m.p. 97-98°C. A solution of this ester (7.4 g, 28.6 mmol) in 48% HBr (50 ml) and acetic acid (50 ml) is refluxed for 3 hours. After the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature, 0.8 L of water is added and the reaction mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate 5 times. The combined organic extract is washed sequentially with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and water. After drying over magnesium sulfate, the organic extract is evaporated to afford 6.1 g (93%) of α,α-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acid as white crystals, m.p. 208-210°C. The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 2 using α,α-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-2-naphthaleneacetic acid. A white solid is obtained having a melting point of 207-209°C.

Analysis for: C2 ₄ H ₂₁ NO3

Calculated: C, 77.61; H, 5.70; N, 3.77.

Found: C, 77.31; H, 5.69; N, 3.79.

Ex mple ft N-Hvdroxv-α-N-dimethvl-6-f2-αuinolinvlmethoxv

2-naphthaleneacetamide dihvdrate

To a solution of the acid of Example 1 (5.0 g, 13.99 mmole) and dimethylformamide (1.08 ml, 13.99 mmole) in methylene chloride (150 ml) at 0°C is added oxalyl chloride (3.99 g, 31.47 mmole). After one hour, the mixture is added to another flask containing methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.67g, 55.96 mmole), tetrahydrofuran (50 ml), water (10 ml), and triethylamine (8.49g, 83.93 mmole). After stirring for 1.5 hours, the reaction mixture is poured into 2N hydrochloric acid. A solid forms, is removed and recrystallized from ethanol, yielding 1.0 g. Further recrystallization from ethanol gives 0.48g (8.8%), mp 170-172 ^β C. Analysis for: C ₂₄ H ₂₂ N ₂ O ₃ • 2H ₂ O

Calculated: C, 68.17; H, 5.68; N, 6.62. Found: C, 67.65; H, 5.21; N, 6.32.

Example 9 (S)-N.Hvdroxv-α-N-dimethvl-6-(2-αuipolinvl- methoxv)-2-naphthaleneacetamide

To a solution of the acid of Example 2 (4.5 g, 12.59 mmole) and dimethyl¬ formamide (0.97 ml, 12.59 mmol) in methylene chloride (135 ml) at 0 ^β C is added oxalyl chloride (2.46 ml, 28.32 mmole) . After 1 hour, the mixture is added to another flask containing methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.4g, 40.70 mmol), tetrahydrofuran (45 ml), water (9 ml) and triethylamine (9.1 ml, 65.5 mmol). After stirring for 1.5 hours, the reaction mixture is poured into 2N hydrochloric acid. A solid forms, is removed and recrystallized from ethanol, yielding 2.2 g. The product is adhered to silica gel (15g) and flash chromatographed using ethyl acetate(7): hexane(3) as eluant. 700 mg (14%) of product is recovered, mp 130-132°C. Analysis for: C24H22N2O3 • 1/10 EtOAc Calculated: C, 74.00; H, 5.78; N, 7.25. Found: C, 73.60; H, 5.60; N, 7.10.

Exa ple 10 α-Methyl-N-rf4-methvIphenvDsulfonyll-6-f2- αuinolinvlmethoxv)-2-naphthaleneacetamide

To a solution of the acid of Example 1 (1.0 g, 2.79 mmol), p-toluene- sulfonamide (0.47 g, 2.79 mmol) and benzotriazole-l-yloxytris(dimethylamino)- phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (1.23 g, 2.79 mmol) in methylene chloride (25 ml) is added triethylamine (0.78 ml, 2 equiv). After stirring overnight, the reaction is quenched by addition of brine. It is then sequentially washed with water, 0.5N hydro¬ chloric acid, and finally water. After drying over magnesium sulfate, the solvent is removed to afford a crude solid. Recrystallization of this solid from ethyl acetate gave 0.55 g (39%) of white crystals, m.p. 201-205 ^* C. Analysis for: C ₃ oH ₂ 6N ₂ O ₄ S Calculated: C, 70.56; H, 5.13; N, 5.48.

Found: C, 70.58; H, 5.30; N, 5.51.

Example 11

(S)-β-methyl-6-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)-2-naphthalene ethanol

To a solution of the acid from Example 2 (3.57 g, 10.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) at 0 ^e C is added lithium aluminum hydride ( 10.0 mmol) as a tetrahydrofuran solution. After 5 days the reaction is quenched by sequential addition of 0.38 ml water, 0.38 ml 15% sodium hydroxide and 1.14 ml water. The solution is filtered, dried over magnesium sulfate and evaporated to 3.0 g (88%) of crude product.

Recrystallization of this crude solid from hexane/toluene affords yellow crystals of the title compound, m.p. 129-131'C.

Analysis for: Q23H2 ₁ NO2 Calculated: C, 80.44; H, 6.16; N, 4.08.

Found: C, 80.77; H, 6.31; N, 3.85.

[OC]D= -10.1 ( methanol)

Example 12 (S)-α-methyl-6-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)- 2-naphthaleneacetaldehvde

To a solution of oxalyl chloride ( 0.22 ml, 2.5 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) at -70°C is added dimethylsulfoxide (0.35 ml, 5.0 mmol). After 2 minutes, the alcohol of Example 11 (0.78 g, 2.27 mmol) in methylene chloride is added. After 15 minutes, triethylamine (1.6 ml, 11.0 mmol) in methylene chloride is

added and the reaction is allowed to warm to room temperature. After 3 days, the reaction mixture is added to water (50 ml) and methylene chloride (50 ml). The organic layer is separated and sequentially washed with 1% hydrochloric acid, water, sodium bicarbonate solution, water and finally brine. After drying over magnesium sulfate, the organic extract is evaporated to afford 0.77 g (100%) of crude product. Flash chromatography of this material, eluting with methylene chloride-acetone, followed by recrystallization from toluene-hexane affords white crystals, m.p. 113-115°C. Analysis for: C23H ₁ 9NO2 Calculated: C, 80.92; H, 5.61; N, 4.10. Found: C, 80.77; H, 5.73; N, 4.41.

Example 13 α-Methyl-6-(2-quinoIinylmethoxy)-2- naphthaleneacetic acid ethvl ester

To a solution of the acid of Example 1 (4.0 g, 11.2 mmol) in tetrahydro- furan (50 ml) is added ethereal diazomethane until the yellow color persists. After addition of acetic acid to the point that the yellow color is quenched, the solvent is evaporated to afford a crude solid. Recrystallization of this solid with ethyl acetate/- hexane gives 3.5 g (84%) of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 91-93° C. Analysis for: C2 ₄ H2 ₁ NO3 Calculated: C, 77.61; H, 5.70; N, 3.77.

Found: C, 77.39; H, 5.81; N, 3.52.

Example 14 fS -α-methvl.6-f2-αuinolinvlmethoxv)-2- naphthaleneacetic acid methvl ester The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 13 using the acid from Example 2. A crystalline solid is obtained having a melting point of 96-98'C.

Analysis for: C ₂₄ H ₂₁ NO ₃

Calculated: C, 77.61; H, 5.70; N, 3.77. Found: C, 77.25; H, 5.54; N, 3.68.

[α = +53.8 (c=0.84, pyridine)

T a pl? lg

N-methoxy-α-methyl-6-(2-quinolinyl- methoxv -2-naphthaϊeneacetamide

To a mixture of the acid of Example 1 (2.32 g, 6.5 mmol), O-methyl- hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.54 g, 6.5 mmol) and l-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)- propyljcarbodiimide (1.25 g, 6.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml) is added triethylamine (2.0 ml, 2 equiv). After overnight stirring at room temperature, the solvent is removed and methylene chloride is added. This is followed by sequential washings with 0.05N hydrochloric acid and water (2x). After drying over magnesium sulfate, the solvent is removed to afford a crude solid which is recrystallized from ethyl acetate to afford a white crystalline solid, 0.6 g(24%), m.p. 162-164°C. Analysis for: C24H22N2O3 Calculated: C, 74.59; H, 5.73; N, 7.24.

Found: C, 74.86; H, 5.47; N, 7.38.

Example 16 f-1-N-ri-r6-f2-quinolinylmethoxy -2- naphthalenvllethvπ-N-hvdroxviirea

To a solution of the acid from Example 2 (1.0 g, 2.8 mmol) in benzene (25 ml) is added triethylamine (0.39 ml, 1 equiv) followed by diphenylphosphoryl azide ( 0.6 ml, 1 equiv). After the reaction mixture is heated for 1 hour at 90°C, a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride ( 0.39g, 2 equiv) in triethylamine (0.78 ml) and water (0.5 ml) is added and the reaction mixture is heated at 90°C for 24 hours. The reaction mixture is then cooled to room temperature and quenched by addition of aqueous ammonium chloride. The resulting precipitate is filtered, washed with water and acetone, dried and recrystallized from aqueous methanol to afford 0.5 lg (46%) of white crystals, m.p. 197-198°C. Analysis for: C23H21N3O3 Calculated: C, 71.30; H, 5.46; N, 10.85.

Found: C, 71.05; H, 5.72; N, 11.00. [α]D= -46.9 (pyridine)

Example 17

Following the procedures outlined herein, there are prepared the following compounds:

2-[(l-hydroxyureido)methyl]-6-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)naphth alene 2-[(α-methyl-l-(l-hydroxyureido)methyl]-6-(2-quinolinylmeth oxy)naphthalene

2-[2-(l-hydroxyureido)isopropyI]-6-(2-quinolinylmethoxy)n aphthalene 2-[(l-hydroxyureido)methyl]-6-(2-benzothiazolylmethoxy)napht halene 2-[(α-methyl- 1 -( 1 -hydroxyureido)methyl]-6-(2- benzothiazolylmethoxy)naphthalene 2-[2-(l-hydroxyureido)isopropyl]-6-(2-benzothiazolylmethoxy) naphthalene

2-[(l-hydroxyureido)methyl]-6-[(2-phenyl-4-thiazolyl)meth oxy]naphthalene 2-[(α-methyl-l-(l-hydroxyureido)methyl]-6-[(2-phenyl-4-thia zolyl)methoxy]- naphthalene 2-[2-( 1 -hydroxyureido)isopropyl]-6-[(2-phenyl-4- thiazolyl)methoxy] naphthalene α-methyl-6-(α-methyl-2-quinolinylmethoxy)-2-naphthaleneace tic acid α-methyl-6-(2-(quinolin-2-yl)isopropoxy)-2-naphthaleneaceti c acid α-methyl-6-(quinolin-2-yl-ethenyl)-2-naphthaleneacetic acid

Example 18 N.Hvdroxv-N'-ri -methvl.l.r6.f2.qiiinolinvl. methoxv)-2-naphthalenvllethvnurea

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 16 using 1.0 g of the acid from Example 7. Sequential recrystallization of the crude product from ethyl acetate and ethanol affords 0.4 g (37%) of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 155-157 ^β C. Analysis for: C ₂ 4H 3N3θ3 Calculated: C, 71.80; H, 5.77; N, 10.47. Found: C, 71.51; H, 5.79; N, 10.10.

Example 19 α.α-Dimethvl-6-f2-benzothiazolvl- methoxv)-2-naphthaleneacetic acid

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 7 using 2-(chloromethyl)benzothiazole. Sequential treatment of the crude product with

1N sodium hydroxide/ethyl acetate and IN HCl followed by washing with ethyl acetate and water affords 0.32 g (53%) of a white solid having a melting point of 195-197°C. Analysis for: C22H ₁ 9NO3S Calculated: C, 70.01; H, 5.07; N, 3.71. Found: C, 69.70; H, 5.21; N, 3.68.

xam le ?Q -N.Hvdroxv-N'.ri-r6.(2-phenvl.4-thiazolvn- methoxy-2-naphthalenvπetlιvπurea

A) S-(+Vα-Methyl-6-r(2-phenyl-4-thiazolyl methoxy1-2-naphthaleneacetic acid The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 9 using S-(+)-hydroxy acid. Chromatography of the crude product eluting with ethyl acetate/hexane affords the desired product as a crystalline solid having a melting point of 162-163°C. Analysis for: C23H ₁ 9NO3S Calculated: C, 70.93; H, 4.92; N, 3.60. Found: C, 70.71; H, 5.15; N, 3.55.

[α]D = +46.1 (c = 8.9, pyridine)

B) f-VN-Hvdroxy-N'-π-r6-('2-phenyl-4-thiazolyl')methoxy-2-naph thalenyllethyl1- urea The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 16 using the acid prepared in Step A) above. Recrystallization of the crude product from ethyl acetate several times affords a crystalline solid having a melting point of 171- 173 ^* C. Analysis for: 23H ₂₁ N ₃ O3S Calculated: C, 65.85; H, 5.05; N, 10.02. Found: C, 65.59; H, 4.92; N, 9.87.

[OC]D= -33.9 (c=7.6, pyridine)

Example 21 N-ri-r6-(2-Benzothiazolylτnethoxy)-2-naphtha- lenvH-l-methvethyll-N'-hydroxyurea

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 16 using 1.0 g of the acid from Example 19. Recrystallization of the crude product from ethanol twice affords 0.34 g (31%) of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 179-180'C.

Analysis for: C ₂₂ H ₂ ιN3θ3S

Calculated: C, 64.84; H, 5.20; N, 10.31.

Found: C, 64.95; H, 5.41; N, 9.90.

Example 22 S.M.N-ri -r6-(2-BenzothiazolvlmethoxvV2- naphthalenyllethvn-N'-hvdroxyurea

A) S-(+VMethyl-6-( ^' 2-benzothiazolylmethoxy')-2-naphthaleneacetic acid

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 2 using 2.0 g of S-(+)-hydroxy acid. Recrystallization of the crude product from ethanol twice followed by dissolution in ethyl acetate and sequential treatment with IN sodium hydroxide and IN HCl affords 0.95 g (28%) of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 173-175 ^β C.

Analysis for: QJ1H17NO3S

Calculated: C, 69.40; H, 4.71; N, 3.85. Found: C, 69.19; H, 5.01; N, 3.85.

[OC]D = +48.7 (c = 10.6, pyridine)

B) S- -N-ri-r6-f2-BenzothiazolylmethoxyV2-naphthalenyllethvπ-N'- hydroxyurea

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 16 using 1.0 g of the acid prepared in step A) above. Recrystallization of the crude product from aqueous methanol affords 0.47 g (43%) of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 175-177'C.

Analysis for: Q21H19N3O3S

Calculated: C, 64.11; H, 4.87; N, 10.68. Found: C, 64.29; H, 5.15; N, 10.59.

[α]o= -36.72 (c=7.8, pyridine)

Example 23

S(+).N-Hvdroxv.tt. N-dimethvl-r6.f2-phenvl-4. thiazolvnmethoxvl-2-naphthaleneacetamide The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 9 using 1.5 g of the acid from Example 35 A). Chromatography of the crude product on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate/hexane followed by recrystallization from ethyl acetate/hexane affords 0.48 g (30%) of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 108-1 ire

Analvsis for: C24H22N2O3S Calculated: C, 68.88; H, 5.30; N, 6.69. Found: C, 68.70; H, 5.68; N, 6.57.

[α]o= +41.8 (c=9.8, pyridine)

E am le 2

N-Hvdroxv-α. α. N-trimethvl-6-f2.henzo- thiazolvlmethoxv>-2-naphthaleneacetamide

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 10 using 1.0 g of the acid from Example 19. Recrystallization from ethanol 3 times followed by flash chromatography of the crystals on silica gel eluting with acetone/- methylene chloride and recrystallization from ethanol affords 0.63 g (59%) of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 108-111 ^* C.

Analysis for: C23H22N2O3S

Calculated: C, 67.96; H, 5.45; N, 6.89. Found: C, 67.93; H, 5.61; N, 6.85.

Example 25 S.(-)-N-Hvdroxy-α-methyl- N-fl-methylethvn-6- f2-quinolinvlmethoxv -2.naphthaleneacetamide

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 9 using N-isopropylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. Flash chromatography of the crude product on silica gel eluting with ethyl acetate/methylene chloride/methanol affords a crystalline solid having a melting point of 174-176 ^β C.

Analysis for: C26H26 2O3

Calculated: C, 75.34; H, 6.32; N, 6.76. Found: C, 75.06; H, 6.32; N, 6.66.

[α]o= -34.6 (c=8.2, pyridine)

Example 26

N-Hvdroxv-N-methvl-N'.ri .rfS).6.f2-quinolinvl. methoxy)-2-naphthalenvπethvπurea The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 16 using N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. Recrystallization of the crude product from ethanol affords a crystalline solid having a melting point of 146- 148° C.

Analvsis for: C ₂₄ H23N3O ₃ Calculated: C, 71.80; H, 5.77; N, 10.47. Found: C, 71.63; H, 5.72; N, 10.12.

[CC]D= -24.9 (c=9.6, pyridine)

Example 27

S-f+).N.Hvdroxv-α. N.dimethvl-6-(2-henzothiazolvl- methoxv)-2-naphthaleneacetamide one tenth hvdrate

To a solution of the acid of Example 37 A) (4.0 g, 11.0 mmol), in methylene chloride (50 ml) at 0°C is added oxalyl chloride dropwise(1.2 ml, 1.2 equiv). The ice bath is removed and the reaction mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The solvent is removed and fresh methylene chloride is added. This solution is added dropwise to a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.1 g, 1.2 equiv) and triethylamine (3.4 ml, 2.2 equiv) in methylene chloride (75 ml) at 0°C . The reaction mixture is allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After being stirred overnight, the reaction mixture is quenched by addition of water. After sequential washing with 5% hydrochloric acid and brine, the organic phase is dried over magnesium sulfate, treated with charcoal and warmed affording 4.1 g of a crude solid. Recrystallization from acetone affords 0.98g of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 138-140° C. Analysis for: C22H20N2O3S

Calculated: C, 67.33; H, 5.14; N, 7.14. Found: C, 67.35; H, 5.22; N, 6.96.

[OC]D= +45.3 (c=10.19, pyridine)

Example 28 methoxv -2-naphthaleneacetamide sodium salt hvdrate

To a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.051 g ,1.27 mmol) in methanol (15 ml) is added the hydroxamic acid of Example 27 (0.5 g, 1.27 mmol) as a solution in methanol (12 ml). The reaction mixture is stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 hours. The solvent is removed affording 0.47 g of an off-white solid having a melting point of 129-134°C. Analysis for: C22H ₁ 9N2O3S.Na.H2O Calculated: C, 61.10; H, 4.89; N, 6.47. Found: C, 60.77; H, 5.07; N, 6.60.

Example 29

N-Hvdroxy-α. α. N-trimethyl-6-(2-quinolinyl- methoxv -2-naphthaleneacetamide

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 9 using the acid from Example 7. Recrystallization of the crude product from ethyl acetate affords the desired product as a crystalline solid having a melting point of 168-

170°C.

Analysis for: C ₂ 5H2 ₄ N ₂ θ ₃

Calculated: C, 74.98; H, 6.04; N, 7.00. Found: C, 75.24; H, 6.00; N, 6.63.

Example 30 S-(+)-N-Hvdroxy-α. N-dimethyl-6-(2-pyridinyl- met _hQXY ^-na _ph tfrai _g nea _g eta _T nrøe

A) S-(+)-Methyl-6-(2-pyridinylrnethoxy ^' )-2-naphthaleneacetic acid one tenth hvdrate

The title compound is prepared according to the method ofd Example 2 using S-(+)-hydroxy acid and 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride. After removal of the solvent the crude reaction product is partitioned between aqueous buffer (pH = 4) and ethyl acetate. The organic phase is extracted with 1 N sodium hydroxide which is subsequently neutralized affording a solid. This solid is dissolved in ethyl acetate, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to afford the desired product as a crystalline solid having a melting point of 169-171°C. Analysis for: Ci9H ₁₇ NO ₃ • 0.1 H ₂ O Calculated: C, 73.81; H, 5.57; N, 4.53. Found: C, 73.66; H, 5.64; N, 4.16.

B) S-C+VN-Hydroxy-α. N-dimethyl-6-(2-pyridinylmethoxy)-2-naphthalene acetamide

To a solution of the acid prepared in step A) above (4.0 g, 11.0 mmol), in chloroform (25 ml) containing a few drops of dimethylformamide is added thionyl chloride dropwise(0.7 ml, 2 equiv). The reaction mixture is then refluxed overnight. N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (1.43 g, 4 equiv) is then added followed by triethylamine (2.4 ml, 4 equiv). After overnight stirring, the reaction mixture is quenched by addition of water followed by excess chloroform. The organic layer is washed sequentially with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and saturated brine.

The solvent is removed, after drying over magnesium sulfate, to afford 1.6 g of an oil which is further purified by flash chromatography employing methylene chloride/acetone and a final recrystallization from acetone to afford 0.25 g of a crystalline solid having a melting point of 137-139°C. Anal ^y sis for: C20H20N2O3

Calculated: C, 71.41; H, 5.99; N, 8.33. Found: C, 71.44; H, 6.04; N, 7.95.

[CC]D= +43.6 (c=9.3, pyridine)

Example 31 S.f ₊ )-N.Hvdroxy-oc. N-dimethvl-6-rπ -methvl-lH-henz- imidazole-2-vnmethoxv1-2-naphthaleneacetamide

A) S-(+Vα-Methyl-6-ffmethyl-lH-benzimidazole-2-yl)methoxy1-2-n aphthalene acetic acid

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 2 using S-(+) hydroxy acid and 2-(chloromethyl)bewnzimidazole. Trituration with hot ethanol affords the desired product as a crystalline solid having a melting point of 246-

247°C.

Analysis for: C22H2θN ₂ θ3

Calculated: C, 73.32; H, 5.59; N, 7.77. Found: C, 74.02; H, 5.52; N, 7.88.

[α]D = +40.8 (c = 10.1, pyridine)

B) S-C+VN-Hydroxy-α. N-dimethyl-6-IYl -methyl- lH-benzimidazole-2-yP methoxyl-2-naphthaleneacetamide

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 27 using the acid from step A) above. Flash chromatography of the crude product, eluting with methylene chloride/methanol, followed by trituration with acetone affords the desired product as a crystalline solid having a melting point of 197-198°C.

Analysis for: C23H23N3O3

Calculated: C, 70.93; H, 5.95; N, 10.79. Found: C, 70.64; H, 6.11; N, 10.53.

[OC]D= +46.2 (c=9.26, pyridine)

x m ig 33

S-N-Hvdroxv-α. N-dimethvl-6-(2-benzoxazolvl- methoxv)-2-naphthaleneacetamide

A) S-(+)-methyl-6-(2-benzoxazolylmethoxy)-2-naphthaleneacetic acid The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 2 using S-(+)-hydroxy acid and 2-(chloromethyl)benzoxazole. After removal of the solvent the crude reaction product is partitioned between aqueous buffer (pH = 4) and ethyl acetate. The organic phase is washed sequentially with water and brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to afford the desired product as a crystalline solid having a melting point of 224-226°C. Analysis for: C2 ₁ H ₁ 7NO ₄ Calculated: C, 72.61; H, 4.93; N, 4.03. Found: C, 72.29; H, 5.32; N, 3.87.

B) S-N-Hydroxy-α. N-dimethyl-6-(2-benzoxazolylmethoxy ^' )-2-naphthalene- acetamide

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 27 using the acid prepared in step A) above, and employing tetrahydrofuran instead of methylene chloride as the solvent Flash chromatography of the crude product, eluting with methylene chloride/acetone, followed by trituration with petroleum ether affords the desired product as a crystalline solid having a melting point of 63-67°C. Analysis for: C22H20N2O4 Calculated: C, 70.20; H, 5.35; N, 7.44. Found: C, 69.75; H, 5.43; N, 7.20.

Example 33 N-Tffy rQ ^χ γ- N-τn<?thγ)-$-θquinQMnyl- methoxy)-2-naphthaleneacetamide

The title compound is prepared according to the method of Example 9 using the acid from Example 6 and omitting the dimethylformamide. The crude product is added to ethyl acetate, washed sequentially with saturated sodium bicarbonate and water, dried over magnesium sulfate to give a crude solid. Recrystallization of this solid from acetone affords the desired product as a crystalline solid having a melting point of 145-146°C. Analysis for: C23H20N2O3 Calculated: C, 74.18; H, 5.41; N, 7.52. Found: C, 74.24; H, 5.15; N, 7.46.

Example 34

The compounds 5- and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE and 12-HETE) and 5,12-dihydroxeicosatetraenoic acid (5,12-diHETE) are early arachidonic acid oxidation products in the lipoxygenase cascade which have been shown to mediate several aspects of inflammatory and allergic response. The assay of this Example measures the ability of the comounds of the invention to inhibit the synthesis of 5- HETE by rat glycogen elicited polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The assay is carried out as follows:

Peritoneal PMN are obtained from female Wistar rats (150-250 g) that received an i.p. injection of 6% glycogen (10 ml). After 24 hours, rats are killed by CO2 asphyxiation and peritoneal cells are harvested by peritoneal lavage using Ca ⁺⁺ and MG ⁺⁺ free Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS). The peritoneal exudate is centrifuged at 400 g for 10 minutes. After centrifugateion, the lavaged fluid is removeed and the cell pellet is resuspended in HBSS containing Ca++ and Mg++ and 10 mM L-cysteine at a concentration of 2 x 10 ⁷ cells/ml. To 1 ml portions of cell suspension, test drugs or vehicle are added and incubated at 37°C for 10 minutes. Following this preincubation, the calcium ionophore (10 μM), A23187, is added together with 0.5 μCi [ ₁₄ C] arachidonic acid and further incubated for 10 minutes. The reaction is stopped by the addition of ice cold water (3 ml) and acidifying to pH 3.5. Lipoxygenase products are then extracted twice into diethyl ether. The pooled ether extracts are evaporated to dryness under nitrogen and the residue is redissolved in a small volume of methanol and spotted on aluminum backed precoated thin layer chromatographic plates. The samples are then cochromatographed with authentic reference 5-HETE in the solvent system - hexane : ether : acetic acid (50:50:3). After chromatography, the areas associated with 5-HETE standard are identified by autoradiography, cut out and quantitated by liquid scintillation.

The compounds of the invention and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen, when tested in this assay at the level of 10 μM, gave the following results in inhibiting the synthesis of the arachidonic acid lipoxygenase oxidation product 5-HETE.

Table 1

JCso

11.4 μM

0.43 μM

* The negative value denotes a potentiation of 5-HETE synthesis.

** Tested at a level of 0.1 μM.

These results show that the compounds of the invention exhibit very significant activity in inhibiting the enzyme, 5-lipoxygenase.

Example 35

The procedure of Example 34 is also employed for the determination of the ability of the compounds of the invention to inhibit the synthesis of the arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase oxidation products TxB2 and PGE2.

In this assay, the procedure of Example 34 is carried out as described. However, in order to determine cyclooxygenase activity, the samples are cochromatographed with authentic reference TxB ₂ and PGE2 in the solvent system ethyl acetate : formic acid (80:1) and the upper phase of ethyl acetate : isooctane : acetic acid : water (110:50:20:100). After chromatography, the areas associated with the TxB ₂ and PGE2 standards are identified by autoradiography, cut out and quantitated by liquid scintillation techniques.

The results are calculated as in Example 34.

When tested in this assay the compounds of the invention and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen, a well-established inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, at a level of 10 μM, gave the following results in inhibiting the synthesis of the arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase oxidation products TxB ₂ and PGE2.

Table 2

Compound of % Inhibition of CO % Inhibition of CO Example No. fas TxB _. _1C_ I fas PGE^ JCStt naproxen 85 1 28 -37 *

2 -17 *

3 >50μM

4 -21 *

5 14 6 >250μM

7 -28 *

8 17

9 13

10 -103 * 11 5

12 -62 *

13 >10μM

14 -17 *

15 -27 *

The negative values denote a potentiation of PGE ₂ synthesis.

** Tested at level of 0.1 μM.

These results show that the compounds of the invention, in contradistinction to naproxen, are virtually devoid of cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity, having activity substantially only on the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid oxidation.

Example 36

The assay of this Example measures the ability of the compounds tested to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase in human whole blood. This assay is carried out as follows: Blood is obtained in 50-100 ml quantities from male donors. White blood cell counts and differentials are made. Two ml of blood are placed in a 15 ml polypropylene test tube. Compounds are solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide and diluted 1:10 in 10% bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4 resulting in a final dimethylsulfoxide concentration of 0.1% in the blood. Then, compounds are added to the blood in a shaking water bath at 37°C for 10 minutes prior to the addition of 30 μM calcium ionophore (A23187; Sigma). After ionophore administration, whole blood samples are mixed and incubated for 20 minutes at 37°C in a shaking water bath. Incubation is terminated by placing samples in an ice bath and immediately adding ethylene glycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (10 mM). Samples are mixed and centrifuged at 1200 x g for 15 minutes at 4°C. Preparation of samples for evaluation by RIA or ELISA is carried out by the following protocol. Plasma is removed from sample tubes, placed in 15 ml polypropylene test tubes containing 8 ml methanol, and then vortexed to precipitate protein. Samples are stored at -70°C overnight. The next day, samples are centrifuged at 200 x g for 15 minutes at 4°C to pellet the precipitate. Samples are dried in a Savant speed vac concentrator, reconstituted to original volume with ice cold RIA or ELISA buffer, and stored at -70°C until assayed. The assay for eicosanoids (LTB4, TxB2, and PGE ₂ ) is performed as described by the manufacturer of the [ ³ H]-RIA kit or ELISA kit (LTB4-Amersham, TxB2 and PGE2 - Caymen Chemical). The total eicosanoid level in 2 ml of blood is calculated and reported as ng 10 ⁶ neutrophils. Significance is determined by a one-way analysis of variance with least significant difference (LSD) comparisons to control (p < 0.05) and ICso's (μM) are determined by regression analysis (Finney, 1978). Drug effects are expressed as percent change from control values. Compounds tested in vitro are solubilized in dimethylsulfoxide and diluted 1:10 in 10% bovine serum albumin in phosphate buffer saline resulting in a final dimethylsulfoxide concentration of 0.1% in the blood.

The results for compounds of the invention tested in this assay are presented in Table 9.

Table 3

% Inhibition of LTB ₄ OCSO)

72 96 45 44 45 8 24

13 54 13 86 (13.5 μM) 43

52 (34.4 μM)

91 (6.9 μM)

48

48 (33.9 μM) 83 (11.4 μM)

89 (12.2 μM) 14 86 75 (1.1 μM) 84

85

The LTD4 antagonist activity of the compounds of the invention is assessed in the in vitro isolated guinea pig trachea assay. This assay is carried out as follows:

Male Hartley guinea pigs (350-400 g) are euthanized by a blow to the head, the neck is opened and the trachea removed. The trachea is maintained in aerated physiological salt solution, cleared of connective tissue and fat and cut into rings approximately 2 mm in width (usually containing two cartilaginous segments per ring). Two pieces of silk suture are then passed through the lumen of the tracheal ring and are

tied around the cartilage, one on each side of the trachealis muscle. The tracheal ring is suspended between a glass hook and a force displacement transducer in a 10 ml organ bath for measurement of isometric tension. Tissues are maintained at 37°C in aerated (95% CO_l5% CO2) physiological salt solution of the following composition: NaCl (100 mM), KH2PO4 (1.18 mM), KC1 (4.74 mM), CaCl ₂ (2.5 mM), MgSO ₄ • 7H ₂ O (1.19 mM), NaHCO3 (25 mM), dextrose (11.1 mM) and indomethacin (1 μM). The tracheal rings are maintained at 2 g resting tension and equilibrated for 45 minutes (with frequent washing and readjustment of resting tension).

The tracheal rings are first contracted by the addition of carbachol (3 lO" ⁶ M), to determine tissue responsiveness and establish a reference contraction. On attainment of a stable level of contraction (approximately 30 minutes), the tissues are washed several times until baseline tension has been restored and then re-equilibrated for 30 minutes. The tissues are then incubated for 45 minutes with a test antagonist (either lxlO^M or lxlO ^_5 M) or 10 μl of an appropriate solvent control (control, non-treated). One tissue in each group serves as the control. Twenty minutes prior to the construction of the LTD4 cumulative concentration-response curve, L-cysteine (lxlO ^_2 M final bath concentration) is added to inhibit biocσnversion of LTD4 to LTE4. Only one LTD ₄ concentration-response curve is constructed in each tissue.

All responses to LTD4 in an individual tissue are measured as a percentage of the reference contraction of that tissue to carbachol. LTD ₄ antagonist activity is determined by comparison of the concentration response curves of LTD ₄ in the presence and absence of antagonist. Assessment of the relative rightward shift of the antagonist treated curve relative to the solvent (control) treated tissue is calculated as a concentration ratio (Eq. A) and used in subsequent calculations to derive an antagonist pKβ value (Eqs B and C). In the event that the maximum response to LTD4 is depressed, the EC50 for that particular curve is determined, an "apparent" pKβ reported, and the compound reported as "not-competitive."

EC ₅₀ treated tissue A) Concentration Ratio (CR) =

EC ₅₀ control

C) -log K _B = pK _B

If a compound is found to be active and/or depress the maximal response to LTD4, then a range of concentrations of the test compound should be used generating multiple concentration ratios which would then be used to perform a Schild analysis, and determination of a pA ₂ value where appropriate.

The activity of reference leukotriene antagonists in this assay is as follows:

Compound pKn

Ly-171,883 7.44 + 0.12

Wy-48,252 6.90 + 0.23

When tested in this assay, a compound of the invention gave the following results:

Table 4

The above results demonstrate that the compound tested has significant leukotriene antagonist activity as measured in the in vitro isolated guinea pig trachea assay.