UNDERSEA CONDUITS

Field of the Disclosure

This disclosure relates to a non-adhesive wrap comprising a woven reinforcement for the manufacture of conduits, particularly undersea conduits, as well as methods of making such conduits. The woven reinforcement typically comprises different fibers in the longitudinal (warp) direction than in the lateral (woof or weft) direction, and may comprise multiple types of fibers in the longitudinal (warp) direction, wherein the longitudinal fibers typically include at least some high strength fibers such as carbon fibers. The woven reinforcement is coated with a polymeric binder resin, wherein the binder resin is not a pressure sensitive adhesive. Although the wrap is not self-adhesive, the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap may be high.

Background of the Disclosure

In deep sea oil exploration and drilling, flexible undersea conduits are used to transport oil and gas, e.g., flowlines and risers that transport oil and gas from offshore wells to exploration platforms. Other flexible undersea conduits, sometimes called “umbilicals”, may carry utilities such as electrical cable, optical filament, phone cable, and the like to and from exploration platforms. Undersea conduits are expected to have a service life of over 25 years under challenging conditions including extreme and variable pressure, acidic or basic pH, temperature variation, and salt water.

Flexible undersea conduits typically comprise cylindrical metal layers which typically are helically formed for flexibility and strength. Consecutive metal layers may be separated by a helical wrapping of a polymeric adhesive tape. Adhesive tapes that have been used in the construction of flexible undersea conduits include tapes reinforced with unidirectional filaments such as, for example, a glass filament reinforced tape available commercially from 3M Company under the designation Scotch 890 Filament tape. Other tapes that have been considered for such applications include a composite reinforcing tape containing unidirectional aramid fibers having a polyethylene (PE) coating, and a unidirectional fiberglass reinforced, polyester (PET) backed strapping tape having a backing thickness of 23 micrometers and a synthetic pressure sensitive rubber adhesive. It has been found that articles containing glass or polyester fibers lack one or more of the desired performance characteristics desired for this sort of application after exposure to saltwater conditions at low pH and elevated temperatures for 21 days or more. In addition, in tape articles which include an adhesive as part of their construction, the presence of the adhesive appears to compromise the desired properties after aging.

The following references may be relevant to the general field of technology of the present disclosure: US 7,004,205; US 2014/144801; US 6,165,586; US 6,099,925;

US 6,620,471; US 2008/0085388 (EP2079817); US 5,254,387; US 4,770,490;

US 3,784,428; US 4,539,248; US 2011/0039058; US 6,098,932; US 7,004,205;

WO 2016/115287; US 3,668,740; and DE 19522014 Al.

US 6,165,586 recites,“In any use in which the retaining sheath 4 is subjected to dynamic contact with other strips or other abrasive surfaces, it is expedient to have a surface covering of a material with a low coefficient of friction around the strip.”

(US 6,165,586 at col. 9, lines 43-47).

Summary of the Disclosure

Briefly, the present disclosure provides a non-adhesive wrap in the form of a flat strip comprising a woven reinforcement coated with a binder resin; wherein the woven reinforcement comprises: a) a first warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; b) a second warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; and c) a weft fiber generally oriented across the longitudinal direction of the wrap; wherein the first and second warp fibers comprise different materials.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-adhesive wrap in the form of a flat strip comprising a woven reinforcement coated with a binder resin; wherein the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin; and

wherein the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) test method presented herein is greater than 0.50. In some embodiments, the woven reinforcement of such a non-adhesive wrap comprises: a) a first warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; b) a second warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; and c) a weft fiber generally oriented across the longitudinal direction of the wrap; wherein the first and second warp fibers comprise different materials. In other embodiments, the woven reinforcement of such a non-adhesive wrap comprises: a first warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; and a weft fiber generally oriented across the longitudinal direction of the wrap.

In some embodiments, first warp fibers have a first tensile force at break that is greater than 500 Newtons, greater than 600 Newtons, greater than 700 Newtons, greater than 730 Newtons, greater than 780 Newtons, or in some embodiments greater than 1000 Newtons. In some embodiments, first warp fibers retain at least 60% of their tensile force at break after immersion in salt water for 30 days at 90°C and a pH of 3 to 4; and in some embodiments 80%. In some embodiments, the first warp fiber is one or more of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber.

In some embodiments of the present non-adhesive wraps, the binder resin comprises one or more of: a polyurethane resin, a polycarbonate polyurethane resin, a polyvinyl chloride resin, or a plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin. Typically the binder resin is non-tacky and is not a pressure sensitive adhesive. In some embodiments, the binder resin is present in an amount of not more than 1000 grams per square meter of the wrap, not more than 300 grams per square meter of the wrap, or in some embodiments not more than 100 grams per square meter of the wrap. In some embodiments, one or both of the top and bottom faces of the wrap have a textured surface. In some such embodiments the textured surface conforms to the shape of the woven reinforcement.

Additional embodiments of the non-adhesive wrap of the present disclosure are described below under“Selected Embodiments.”

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides conduits comprising the non adhesive wraps according to the present disclosure. Embodiments of conduits of the present disclosure are described below under“Selected Embodiments.”

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of making the non adhesive wraps according to the present disclosure. Embodiments of methods of making the non-adhesive wrap of the present disclosure are described below under“Selected Embodiments.”

The preceding summary of the present disclosure is not intended to describe each embodiment of the present invention. The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and from the claims.

In this application:

“directly adjacent” refers to two materials that are in direct contact with each other without intervening material.

All scientific and technical terms used herein have meanings commonly used in the art unless otherwise specified.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, past tense verbs such as “coated” and“textured” are intended to represent structure, and not to limit the process used to obtain the recited structure, unless otherwise specified.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms“a”,“an”, and“the” encompass embodiments having plural referents, unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term“or” is generally employed in its sense including“and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

As used herein,“have”,“having”,“include”,“including” ,“comprise”,

“comprising” or the like are used in their open ended sense, and generally mean “including, but not limited to.” It will be understood that the terms“consisting of’ and “consisting essentially of’ are subsumed in the term“comprising,” and the like.

Detailed Description

The present disclosure provides a non-adhesive wrap in the form of a flat strip comprising a woven reinforcement coated with a binder resin. In some embodiments, the woven reinforcement comprises: a) a first warp fiber generally oriented in the

longitudinal direction of the wrap; b) a second warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap and comprising different material than the first warp fiber; and c) a weft fiber generally oriented across the longitudinal direction of the wrap.

In some embodiments, the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin and the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) test method presented herein is greater than 0.50, greater than 0.60, greater than 0.70, greater than 0.80, greater than 0.90, or in some embodiments greater than 1.00. In addition, the present disclosure provides methods of making the non-adhesive wrap of the present disclosure and conduits, particularly undersea conduits, incorporating the non-adhesive wrap of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the non-adhesive wrap woven is designed to achieve tensile strength at break of greater than 350 kiloNewtons per square millimeter, in some embodiments greater than 400 kiloNewtons per square millimeter, in some embodiments greater than 450 kiloNewtons per square millimeter, and in some embodiments greater than 500 kiloNewtons per square millimeter. Furthermore, in some embodiments the non-adhesive wrap woven is designed to maintain greater than 80% of its tensile strength at break after immersion in salt water for 30 days atl20°C and a pH of 3 to 4; in some embodiments greater than 85%, and in some embodiments greater than 90%. As shown in the Examples below, embodiments of the non-adhesive wrap of the present disclosure demonstrate high abrasion resistance.

The woven reinforcement comprises different fibers in the longitudinal (warp) direction and lateral (woof or weft) direction, wherein the longitudinal fibers include at least some high tensile strength fibers, in some cases selected from carbon, aramid, or ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene fibers. The woven reinforcement is coated with a polymeric binder resin, wherein the binder resin is not a pressure sensitive adhesive.

In some embodiments, warp fibers of the woven reinforcement are all of a single type. In some embodiments, warp fibers of the woven reinforcement are of two or more types, which may result in savings of cost and/or weight. In either case, warp fibers include at least some high tensile strength fibers, such as fibers having a tensile force at break of greater than 500 Newtons, greater than 600 Newtons, greater than 700 Newtons, greater than 730 Newtons, greater than 780 Newtons, or in some embodiments greater than 1000 Newtons. In some embodiments the high tensile strength warp fibers are chosen to retain at least 60% of their tensile force at break after immersion in salt water for 30 days at 90°C and a pH of 3 to 4, and in some embodiments at least 80%. In some embodiments, high tensile strength fibers are selected from carbon, aramid, or ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene fibers. In some embodiments also comprising lower tensile strength warp fibers, the lower tensile strength fibers are chosen from polyester, polyethylene or glass fibers. In some embodiments, polyester fibers are chosen from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), or polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate (PCT) fibers.

In some embodiments, weft fibers of the woven reinforcement are selected from high or lower tensile strength fibers, as described above. Typically, the weft fibers are selected from lower tensile strength fibers. Typically, the weft fibers differ in

composition from at least one warp fiber. Fibers on the weft direction are used to interlock the longitudinal direction fibers and avoid misalignments of the warp-oriented fibers.

In some embodiments, the areal weight of the woven reinforcement material is between 200 and 500 grams per square meter, in some between 200 and 400 grams per square meter, and in some between 200 and 350 grams per square meter. In some embodiments, the thickness of the woven reinforcement material is between 0.2 and 2.0 millimeter and in some between 0.2 and 1.0 grams per square meter. In some

embodiments, the fiber count of warp fibers is between 2.0 and 20 warp fibers/centimeter, and in some between 3.0 and 10 warp fibers/cm. In some embodiments, the fiber count of weft fibers is between 2.0 and 20 weft fibers/centimeter, and in some between 4.0 and 10 weft fibers/cm.

The woven reinforcing material may be impregnated and saturated with binder resin by any suitable method, which may include spraying or dip coating. In some embodiments, sparing amounts of binder resin are used such that the texture of the woven reinforcing material is not obliterated but is apparent as a texture on one or both faces of the wrap. In some embodiments, the amount of binder resin applied is sufficient to occlude essentially all openings in the weave of the woven reinforcing material but not so much as to provide a smooth surface to both faces of the wrap. In some embodiments, the amount of binder resin applied is sufficient to occlude essentially all openings in the weave of the woven reinforcing material but not so much as to obliterate the texture of the woven reinforcing material.

Any suitable binder resin may be used, which in some embodiments includes polyurethane resin, polycarbonate polyurethane resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resin, or plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin (plastisol). The binder resin is non-adhesive.

Typically, the binder resin is not tacky. In some embodiments, the faces of the wrap comprising the binder resin exhibit a quick stick adhesion to a stainless steel surface of no more than 0.90 ounces/inch (0.1 Newton/centimeter), in some embodiments no more than 0.46 ounces/inch (0.05 Newton/centimeter), and in some embodiments no more than 0.09 ounces/inch (0.01 Newton/centimeter).

The present disclosure also presents conduits comprising the non-adhesive wrap according to the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the conduit is a flexible conduit. In some embodiments, the conduit is intended for undersea duty. In some embodiments, the conduit may comprise cylindrical metal layers having the non-adhesive wrap according to the present disclosure wrapped helically around the cylindrical metal layers. In some embodiments, a further cylindrical metal layer may be applied helically around the non-adhesive wrap. In some embodiments, further alternating layers of the present non-adhesive wrap and metal or non-metal layers may be applied.

Additional embodiments are recited in the Selected Embodiments and Examples below.

Selected Embodiments

The following embodiments, designated by letter and number, are intended to further illustrate the present disclosure but should not be construed to unduly limit this disclosure.

Wl . A non-adhesive wrap in the form of a flat strip comprising a woven reinforcement coated with a binder resin;

wherein the woven reinforcement comprises:

a) a first warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; b) a second warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; and

c) a weft fiber generally oriented across the longitudinal direction of the wrap; wherein the first and second warp fibers comprise different materials.

W2. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W 1 wherein the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin; and wherein the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) Method presented herein is greater than 0.50. W3. A non-adhesive wrap in the form of a flat strip comprising a woven reinforcement coated with a binder resin;

wherein the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin; and wherein the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) Method presented herein is greater than 0.50.

W4. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W3 wherein the woven reinforcement comprises:

a) a first warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; b) a second warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; and

c) a weft fiber generally oriented across the longitudinal direction of the wrap; wherein the first and second warp fibers comprise different materials.

W5. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W3 wherein the woven reinforcement comprises: a first warp fiber generally oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wrap; and a weft fiber generally oriented across the longitudinal direction of the wrap.

W6. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4 wherein the first and second warp fibers have first and second tensile forces at break, and the first tensile force at break is greater than the second tensile force at break.

W7. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W5 wherein the first warp fiber has a first tensile force at break.

W8. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W6 or W7 wherein the first tensile force at break is greater than 500 Newtons.

W9. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W6 or W7 wherein the first tensile force at break is greater than 600 Newtons. W10. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W6 or W7 wherein the first tensile force at break is greater than 700 Newtons.

Wl 1. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W6 or W7 wherein the first tensile force at break is greater than 730 Newtons.

W12. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W6 or W7 wherein the first tensile force at break is greater than 780 Newtons.

Wl 3. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment W6 or W7 wherein the first tensile force at break is greater than 1000 Newtons.

W14. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W6-W13 wherein the first warp fiber retains at least 60% of its tensile force at break after immersion in salt water for 30 days at 90°C and a pH of 3 to 4.

Wl 5. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W6-W 13 wherein the first warp fiber retains at least 80% of its tensile force at break after immersion in salt water for 30 days at 90°C and a pH of 3 to 4.

W16. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 wherein the first warp fiber is a carbon fiber.

W17. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 wherein the first warp fiber is an aramid fiber.

W18. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 wherein the first warp fiber is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber.

W19. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 wherein the first warp fiber is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber. W20. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 wherein the first warp fiber is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber having a decitex (linear mass density) of greater than 2000.

W21. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W 1 , W2, or W4-W 15 wherein the first warp fiber is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber having a decitex (linear mass density) of greater than 4000.

W22. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 wherein the first warp fiber is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber having a decitex (linear mass density) of greater than 6000.

W23. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W 1 , W2, or W4-W 15 wherein the first warp fiber is parallel to the long dimension of the wrap to within +/- 20°.

W24. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 wherein the first warp fiber is parallel to the long dimension of the wrap to within +/- 15°.

W25. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W 1 , W2, or W4-W 15 wherein the first warp fiber is parallel to the long dimension of the wrap to within +/- 10°.

W26. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 wherein the first warp fiber is parallel to the long dimension of the wrap to within +/- 5°.

W27. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, or W4-W15 comprising between 2.5 and 3.5 first warp fibers per centimeter of wrap in the width direction.

W28. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, W4, W6 or any embodiment depending therefrom wherein the second warp fiber and the weft fiber comprise the same material. W29. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, W4, W6 or any embodiment depending therefrom wherein the second warp fiber comprises polyester.

W30. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, W4, W6 or any embodiment depending therefrom wherein the second warp fiber comprises glass.

W31. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2, W4, W6 or any embodiment depending therefrom comprising between 5.23 and 5.78 second warp fibers per centimeter of wrap in the width direction.

W32. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4-W31 wherein the weft fiber comprises a material selected from polyester, glass, carbon, aramid, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.

W33. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4-W31 wherein the weft fiber comprises polyester.

W34. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4-W31 wherein the weft fiber comprises glass.

W35. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4-W34 wherein the weft fiber is perpendicular to the long dimension of the wrap to within +/- 70°.

W36. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4-W34 wherein the weft fiber is perpendicular to the long dimension of the wrap to within +/- 45°.

W37. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4-W34 wherein the weft fiber is perpendicular to the long dimension of the wrap to within +/- 30° . W38. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4-W34 wherein the weft fiber is perpendicular to the long dimension of the wrap to within +/- 15°.

W39. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl, W2 or W4-W38 comprising between 4.95 and 6.05 weft fibers per centimeter of wrap in the length direction.

W40. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin; and wherein the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) Method presented herein is greater than 0.60.

W41. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin; and wherein the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) Method presented herein is greater than 0.70.

W42. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin; and wherein the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) Method presented herein is greater than 0.80.

W43. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin; and wherein the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) Method presented herein is greater than 0.90.

W44. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the wrap comprises top and bottom faces which comprise the binder resin; and wherein the coefficient of friction (COF) between faces of the wrap as measured according to the Coefficient of Friction (COF) Method presented herein is greater than 1.00. U 1. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W 1 -W44 wherein the binder resin comprises a polyurethane resin.

U2. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W1-W44 wherein the binder resin is a polycarbonate polyurethane resin.

U3. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W1-W44 wherein the binder resin comprises a polyvinyl chloride resin.

U4. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W1-W44 wherein the binder resin is a plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin.

U5. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment U4 wherein weight ratio of plasticizer to polyvinyl chloride in the plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin is between 1 :2 and 2: 1.

U6. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment U4 wherein weight ratio of plasticizer to polyvinyl chloride in the plasticized polyvinyl chloride resin is between 52:48 and 60:40.

U7. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the binder resin is non-tacky.

U8. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the binder resin is not an adhesive.

U9. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the binder resin is not a pressure sensitive adhesive.

U10. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the binder resin is present in an amount of not more than 1000 grams per square meter of the wrap. Ul 1. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the binder resin is present in an amount of not more than 300 grams per square meter of the wrap.

U12. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the binder resin is present in an amount of not more than 100 grams per square meter of the wrap.

U13. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the binder resin is present in an amount of greater than 40 grams per square meter of the wrap.

U14. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising top and bottom faces, wherein at least one of the top and bottom faces has a textured surface.

U15. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments comprising top and bottom faces wherein both of the top and bottom faces has a textured surface.

U16. The non-adhesive wrap according to embodiment U14 or U15 wherein the textured surface conforms to the shape of the woven reinforcement.

U17. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the wrap comprises no liquid crystal polymer (LCP).

U18. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the wrap comprises no adhesive.

U19. The non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments wherein the wrap comprises no pressure sensitive adhesive. Cl . A conduit comprising the non-adhesive wrap according to any of the preceding embodiments.

C2. The conduit according to embodiment Cl which is a flexible conduit.

C3. The conduit according to embodiment Cl or C2 which is an undersea conduit.

C4. The conduit according to any of embodiments C1-C3 which comprises a first cylindrical metal layer, wherein the non-adhesive wrap is directly adjacent to and wrapped helically around the cylindrical metal layer.

C5. The conduit according to embodiment C4 additionally comprising a second cylindrical metal layer directly adjacent to the non-adhesive wrap.

Ml . A method of making a non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl- W44 or U1-U19 comprising the steps of:

i) providing a woven reinforcement;

ii) immersing the woven reinforcement in a liquid binder resin composition to form a coated woven reinforcement; and

iii) heating and drying the coated woven reinforcement to form a non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W1-W44 or U1-U19.

M2. A method of making a non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl- W44 or U1-U19 comprising the steps of:

i) providing a woven reinforcement;

ii) immersing a top face of the woven reinforcement in a liquid binder resin composition to form a coated woven reinforcement;

iii) heating and drying the coated woven reinforcement;

iv) immersing a bottom face of the woven reinforcement in a liquid binder resin composition to form a coated woven reinforcement;

v) heating and drying the coated woven reinforcement to form a non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W1-W44 or U1-U19. M3. A method of making a non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments Wl- W44 or U1-U19 comprising the steps of:

i) providing a woven reinforcement;

ii) spraying the woven reinforcement with a liquid binder resin composition to form a coated woven reinforcement; and

iii) heating and drying the coated woven reinforcement to form a non-adhesive wrap according to any of embodiments W1-W44 or U1-U19.

Objects and advantages of this disclosure are further illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this disclosure.

Examples

Unless otherwise noted, all reagents were obtained or are available from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI, or may be synthesized by known methods.

Materials

Table 1 : Woven Fabric 1 Properties

Table 2: Woven Fabric 2 Properties Test Methods

Accelerated Aj

Test specimen were made by coating different constructions of woven material as described below in“Preparation of Coated Woven Material”. Test specimens measuring 18 millimeters wide and 300 millimeters long were placed in a closed chamber

(Metalurgica Metalquim, Americana, Sao Paulo, Brazil) with salt water at 5 weight% sodium chloride. The samples were submerged in the salt water solution at 120° C for the indicated period of time. Carbon dioxide was injected into the system to decrease the pH of the salt water from between 5 and 6 to between 3 and 4. The pH was measured on a sample of the salt water removed from the bottom of the chamber. The mechanical properties of the materials were measured at room temperature both before and after the aging tests.

Tensile Strength

Tensile strength at break, both before and after aging for 30 days, at either 90°C or l20°C, was measured generally according to ASTM D3039/D3039M -14“Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials” using a Instron Model 5965 (Instron Engineering Corporation, Norwood, Massachusetts) equipped with a load cell of 10,000 Newtons. Test specimens measuring 18 millimeters wide, 300 millimeters long, and having a thickness of approximately 0.50 millimeters were evaluated at strain rate of 5 millimeters per minute. Ten specimens were evaluated and the average tensile strength at break values (KiloNewtons/square millimeters) were reported. The tabs were created in the samples according to the ASTM procedure in order to avoid shear in the clamps. For testing of fibers only the average force at break (Newtons) was reported.

Abrasion Resistance

An Abrasion Resistance test was conducted using a Model FSUA-W Schiefer Abrasion Testing Instrument (Frazier Precision Instrument Company, Hagerstown, Maryland, United States) according to ASTM D4966-12 (2016)“Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)”.

Sandpaper 341 DL was used as an abradant. The specimens were cut into a circular shape having a diameter of 15 centimeters and a thickness of 0.50 millimeters. The change in mass before and after 49 cycles was used to determine the percentage weight loss as shown below. Three samples were tested and the results used to calculate the reported average % weight loss value as follows:

%weight loss = [(Initial Weight - Final Weight) / Initial Weight] x 100

Coefficient of Friction (COF)

The Coefficient of Friction (COF) was evaluated according to ASTM D 1894- 14 “Standard Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Film and Sheeting” using an IMASS SP 2100 Slip/Peel Tester (IMASS, Incorporated, Accord,

MA). Testing was done at room temperature (20-25° C) and humidity (50 - 65%). The COF was calculated by dividing the force (Ft) required to move, in the lengthwise direction, the bottom surface of a first test specimen over the top surface of a second test specimen having the same construction by the total normal force (Fn) applied to top surface of the first test specimen when in motion. This is described by the following equation, where Ft is the Traction Force and Fn is the Normal Force: COF = (Ft / Fn)

The test was run at a speed of 300 millimeters per minute using a load cell of 5 kilograms. The test specimens were 15 centimeters long in the machine direction. Three samples were evaluated and the average value was reported as the kinetic COF. Higher values are preferred to prevent slipping during use. The COF depends on multiple factors, including the binder material used and the surface topology.

For the commercial tapes tested the test was modified in the following manner.

The two test specimens were positioned such that their exposed backing layers were in contact with each other and the backing surface of the second test specimen was slid over the backing surface of the first test specimen.

PREPARATION OF BINDER RESIN COMPOSITIONS

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Binder Resin Composition

A binder resin composition containing PVC Resin was prepared by combining the materials listed in Table 4 below, in the order provided, at a mixing speed between 200- 400 rpm for 15 to 30 minutes at room temperature (20-25°C) using a mechanical mixer. The composition of the binder resin in weight % is expressed as a percentage based on the total weight of the binder resin composition. The resulting binder resin composition had a solids content of approximately 99.8 weight% and had a resin solids composition of PVC ResimPlasticizer 1 :Plasticizer 2 / 46:52:2 (w:w:w).

Table 4: PVC Binder Resin Composition

5

Polyurethane (PU) Binder Resin Composition

A binder resin composition containing polyurethane resin was prepared by combining the materials listed in Table 5 below, in the order provided, at a mixing speed between 200-400 rpm for 15 to 30 minutes at room temperature using a mechanical mixer. 10 The binder resin composition weight % is expressed as a percentage based on the total weight of the binder resin composition. The resulting binder resin composition contained 54.2% solids and had a solids composition of Urethane Resin 1 :Urethane Resin 2/ 87: 13 (w:w).

Table 5: PU Binder Resin Composition

15 PREPARATION OF COATED WOVEN FABRICS

Woven fabric samples were coated with the Polyurethane Binder Resin

Composition described above as follows. Woven fabric was impregnated and saturated with the binder resin composition by means of a dip coater equipped with squeeze rollers and a flat edge to remove excess coating resin, then dried by heating between 90 °C to 140 °C in an oven for 16 seconds to provide an areal coating weight of approximately 85 grams/square meter.

Woven fabric samples were coated with the PVC Binder Resin Composition described above as follows. Woven fabric was coated by applying binder resin

composition to the first side of the woven fabric by means of a 60 micrometer Mayer Bar, then dried in a forced air oven at 130 °C for 60 seconds. This single side coated and dried sample was then coated on its second side and dried in the same manner to provide the final coated woven fabric having a final coating weight of 250 grams/square meter.

A summary of the coated fabrics prepared is shown in Table 7 below. The tensile, coefficient of friction, and abrasion test results of the coated fabrics are shown in Table 8 below. The tensile test results of various fibers are shown in Table 9 below.

Table 7: Coated Woven Fabrics

C: Comparative Example Table 8: Tensile, COF, and Abrasion Properties - Fabrics and Coated Fabrics

NT: Not Tested

C: Comparative Example

* Unable to test due to loosening of fibers

5 ** Unable to test due to debonding of fibers from backing, embrittlement of backing, and/or softening of adhesive

*** These aramid fibers are from the commercial product and not the ones shown in the Materials table.

than 30 _.

10 Table 9: Tensile Properties - Fibers

NT: Not Tested

* Estimated, since it is assumed based on the results in Table 8 that insufficient material would remain for testing

Peel Adhesion Strength

Attempts to measure the peel adhesion strength of Examples 1-4 were unsuccessful due to the lack of adhesion of the samples to the stainless steel substrate indicating that the samples were non-tacky.

Various modifications and alterations of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and principles of this disclosure, and it should be understood that this disclosure is not to be unduly limited to the illustrative embodiments set forth hereinabove.