CLAIMS What is claimed as the invention is: 5

1.

A compound having the following structure: 10 and its salts, wherein X isO,S.NHorCH,and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of : wherein K isCH3,CF3,CHF,, or CH2F ; with the proviso that when R is and K isCH3, X is not O; and Q isL'Z, where L'is a linker containing at least one carbon atom; wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of the moieties NH,, COOH. SH. (maleimide). NHC(=O)L2M, a moiety which reacts with a protein to form a covalent bond, or any combination or repetition of said moieties; where L is a linker containing at least one carbon atom ; where M is halide or maleimide; and wherein J isO,S,NHorCH,.

2.

The compound of claim 1, where X isOand R is selected from the group consisting of and where L'and L' are independently selected from the group consisting of C,C20 hydrocarbon chains containing zero to ten heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and which contain at least as many carbon atoms as heteroatoms.

3.	A compound of claim 1, covalently derivatized by attachment to a label either directly or through a linking group.

4.

The compound of claim 3, wherein the label is selected from the group consisting of a moiety containing a radioisotope, a fluorescent group, a fluorescence quenching group, a phosphorescent group, a chemiluminescent group, a chromophoric group, an electrochemically active group, an electrochemiluminescent group, a group that undergoes a change in fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence or electrochemical property upon binding, a peptide, a protein, a protein fragment, an immunogenic carrier, an enzyme, an enzyme inhibitor. an enzyme substrate, an enzyme cofactor, an enzyme prosthetic group, an enzyme donor, a solid particle. a gold particle. an antibody, and a nucleic acid.

5.	A compound of claim 1 derivatized by covalent attachment to a solid surface or insolubleparticulate.

6.

A compound having the following structure: and its salts, wherein X isO,S,NHorCH,and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of : wherein K isCH3,CF3,CHF,, or CH2F; with the proviso that when R is and K isCH3, X is notO : and Q isL'G, where L'is a linker containing at least one carbon atom, and G is selected from the group consisting of fluorescent, chemiluminescent, phosphorescent, and chromophoric compounds, a fluorescence quenching group, a radioisotopically labeled group, an electrochemically active group. an electrochemiluminescent group, a group that undergoes a change in fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence or electrochemical property upon binding, peptides, proteins, protein fragments, immunogenic carriers, enzymes, enzyme donors, enzyme inhibitors, enzyme substrates. enzyme cofactors, enzyme prosthetic groups, solid particles, gold particles, antibodies, and nucleic acids.

7.

A compound having the following structure: and its salts, wherein X isO,S,NHorCH2and wherein R is selected from the group consisting of: wherein K CF3,CHF2,orCH2F;CH3, with the proviso that when R is and K isCH3, X is not0 ; Q isL'Z, where L'is a linker containing at least one carbon atom; wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of the moieties NH2, COOH, SH, (maleimide), NHC (=O)L'M, a moiety which reacts with a protein to form a covalent bond, or any combination or repetition of said moieties; where Lazzis a linker containing at least one carbon atom; and wherein J isO,S,NHorCH,.

8.	A compound of claim 7 derivatized bv covalent attachment to a label either directly or through a linking group.

9.

The compound of claim 8, wherein the label is selected from the group consisting of a moiety containing a radioisotope, a fluorescent group, a fluorescence quenching group, a phosphorescent group, a chemiluminescent group, a chromophoric group, an electrochemically active group, an electrochemiluminescent group, a group that undergoes a change in fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence or electrochemical property upon binding, a peptide, a protein, a protein fragment, an immunogenic carrier, an enzyme, an enzyme inhibitor, an enzyme substrate, an enzyme cofactor, an enzyme prosthetic group, an enzyme donor, a solid particle, a gold particle, an antibody, and a nucleic acid.

10.	A compound of claim 7. derivatized by covalent attachment to a solid surface or insoluble particulate.

11.	A compound of claim 1, derivatized by covalent attachment to a protein or peptide.

12.	The compound of claim 11, wherein the protein or peptide is an enzyme.

13.	The compound of claim 11, wherein the protein or peptide is an enzyme donor that complements with an enzyme acceptor to form an active enzyme complex.

14.	The compound of claim 13, wherein the enzyme donor is ED28.

15.	The compound of claim 11. wherein the protein or peptide is immunogenic.

16.	A method for preparing the compound of claim 11, comprising providing the compound of claim 1 and conjugating the compound to the protein or peptide.

17.	A method of obtaining an antibody specific for 6Oacetyl morphine (6MAM), comprising immunizing a vertebrate or contacting an immunocompetent cell or virus with the compound of claim 15.

18.	An antibody obtained according to the method of claim 17.

19.	An antibody specific for 60acetyl morphine (6MAM) and having a crossreactivity with morphine, morphine 3glucuronide, morphine 6glucuronide. and codeine all less than about 10.0%.

20.	The antibody of claim 19. having a crossreactivity with morphine. morphine 3glucuronide and morphine 6glucuronide all less than about 1.0%.

21.	The antibody of claim 19, having a crossreactivity with codeine of less than about 1.0%.

22.	The antibody of claim 19. having a crossreactivity with morphine of less than about 0.1%.

23.	The antibody of claim 19, having a crossreactivity with codeine of less than about 1.0% and a crossreactivity with morphine of less than about 0.1 %.

24.

An immunoassay reagent comprising a labeled compound according to claim 4, wherein the label is a fluorescent group, phosphorescent group, chemiluminescent group. or electrochemically active group, an electrochemiluminescent group, or any group that undergoes a change in fluorescence, phosphorescence. chemiluminescence or electrochemical property upon binding to an antibody specific for 6Oacetyl morphine (6MAM).

25.

An immunoassay reagent comprising a protein or peptide conjugate according to claim 11, wherein either: the protein or peptide is an enzyme that undergoes a change in enzyme activity upon binding of the conjugate to an antibody specific for 6MAM; or the protein or peptide is an enzyme donor, wherein the ability of the enzyme donor to complement with an enzyme acceptor to form an active enzyme complex is affected by binding of the coniugate to an antibody specific for 6MAM.

26.	A reagent system for determining 6Oacetyl morphine (6MAM) in a sample, comprising a labeled compound according to claim 4 and an antibody specific for 6MAM.

27.	A reagent system for determining 6MAM in a sample, comprising a protein or peptide conjugate according to claim 12 and an antibody specific for 6MAM.

28.	A reagent system for determining 6MAM in a sample, comprising an antibody according to claim 18 and a labeled 6MAM or 6MAM analog.

29.	A reagent system for determining 6MAM in a sample, comprising an antibody according to claim 19 and a labeled 6MAM or 6MAM analog.

30.

An immunoassay method for determining 6Oacetyl morphine (6MAM) in a sample, comprising the steps of : a) combining the sample with the antibody of claim 19 under conditions that permit formation of a stable 6MAMantibody complex; and b) detecting or quantitating any 6MAMantibody complex formed in step a).

31.

The method of claim 30, further comprising the steps of : i) contacting the antibody with a labeled 6MAM or 6MAM analog under conditions that permit formation of a stable complex between the labeled compound and the antibody; ii) separating any labeled compound not forming a complex in step i); and iii) measuring the complexed or separated label as a measure of 6MAM in the sample.

32.	The method of claim 30, which is a homogeneous assay method.

33.

The method of claim 30. further comprising the steps of : i) contacting the antibody with an enzyme or enzyme donor conjugate according to claim 25 under conditions that permit formation of a stable complex between the conjugate and the antibody ; and ii) measuring enzymatic activity or enzyme complementation as a measure of 6MAM in the sample.

34.	A reagent system for determining 6MAM in a sample, comprising an antibody according to claim 23 and a labeled 6MAM or 6MAM analog.

35.

An immunoassay method for determining 6Oacetyl morphine (6MAM) in a sample, comprising the steps of : a) combining the sample with the antibody of claim 23 under conditions that permit formation of a stable 6MAMantibody complex; and b) detecting or quantitating any 6MAMantibody complex formed in step a).

36.

The method of claim 35. further comprising the steps of : i) contacting the antibody with a labeled 6MAM or 6MAM analog under conditions that permit formation of a stable complex between the labeled compound and the antibody ; ii) separating any labeled compound not forming a complex in step i); and iii) measuring the complexed or separated label as a measure of 6MAM in the sample.

37.	The method of claim 35, which is a homogeneous assay method.

38.

The method of claim 35, further comprising the steps of : i) contacting the antibody with an enzyme or enzyme donor conjugate according to claim 25 under conditions that permit formation of a stable complex between the conjugate and the antibody; and ii) measuring enzymatic activity or enzyme complementation as a measure of 6MAM in the sample.

39.

An immunoassay method for determining 6Oacetyl morphine (6MAM) in a sample, comprising the steps of : a) incubating a reagent mixture comprising the sample, an antibody specific for 6MAM, and a reagent according to claim 24 under conditions that permit formation of a stable complex between the antibody and any 6MAM in the sample; b) detecting or quantitating fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, electrochemical property, or any change in these properties, as a measure of 6MAM in the sample.

40.

An immunoassay method for determining 6MAM in a sample, comprising the steps of : a) incubating a reagent mixture comprising the sample, an antibody specific for 6MAM. a enzyme conjugate according to claim 25, and a substrate for the enzyme under conditions that permit formation of a stable complex between the antibody and any 6MAM in the sample; b) detecting or quantitating the enzymatic conversion of the substrate to a product as a measure of 6MAM in the sample.

41.

An immunoassay method for determining 6MAM in a sample. comprising the steps of : a) incubating a reagent mixture comprising the sample, an antibody specific for 6MAM, a enzyme donor conjugate according to claim 25, an enzyme acceptor capable of complexing with the enzyme donor to form an active enzyme complex, and a substrate for the enzyme complex. under conditions that permit formation of a stable complex between the antibody and any 6MAM in the sample; b) detecting or quantitating the enzymatic conversion of the substrate to a product as a measure of 6MAM in the sample.

42.	The method of claim 41, wherein the active enzyme complex has betagalactosidase activity.

43.	An antibody according to clairn 19 which is insolubilized by attachment to a solid surface or insoluble particle.

44.	A method for enriching 6MAM from a biological sample. comprising incubating the sample with the antibody of claim 19 under conditions that permit binding of the antibody to any 6MAM in the sample to form a complex, and separating complex that has formed from other components of the sample.

45.	A method for enriching 6MAM from a liquid sample, comprising incubating the sample with the insolubilized antibody of claim 43 under conditions that permit binding of the antibody to any 6MAM in the sample, removing the sample, and then eluting material that has bound to the insolubilized antibody.

46.	A method of determining 6Oacetyl morphine (6MAM) in a sample, comprising the steps of : a) enriching 6MAM from a liquid sample according to the method of claim 45, and b) assaying for any 6MAM obtained in step a).