PCT SPECIFICATION

TITLE: NOVEL FIRE FIGHTING FOAM SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING

AND USING SAME

RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to United States Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63/036,247 filed 8 June 2020 (06/08/2020).

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

1. Field of the Disclosure

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to novel foam systems employed in extinguishing Class B fires including non-toxic and less environmentally challenging and effective in forming foam films that persist, effective in removing heat, reducing the ability for the fire to rekindle and reducing exposure of firefighters to life threatening heat.

[0003] In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to novel foam systems include (a) a foam forming composition, (b) a foam stabilizing composition, (c) a foam spreading composition and (d) a water composition, wherein (a) the foam forming composition includes one or more betaines, one or more amine oxides, one or more amphoteric surfactants, and one or more polyacids, polyols, or other preservatives, (b) the foam stabilizing composition includes one or more polymer thickening agents, (c) the foam spreading composition includes one or more silicone surfactants and one or more fatty acid alcohols, and (d) a water composition including deionized water, distilled water, free water, potable water, brackish water, salt water, or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the foam forming composition may also include one or more fatty acids, one or more glycol esters, and one or more anionic surfactants.

2. Description of the Related Art

[0004] While there are a number of fire foam composition including United States PatentNos. 8,783,374 to Rains et al. and 8,505,604 to Stauffer et al., there is still a need in the art for improved systems and methods for fire retardant foam systems and methods; for instance, the need for non-fluorinated, non toxic, non-hazardous constituents of foam systems to firefighters and environment are highly desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0005] Embodiments of this disclosure provide fire retardant/suppressant foam systems or firefighting foam systems including: (a) a foam forming composition, (b) a foam stabilizing composition, (c) a foam spreading composition, and (d) a water composition, wherein (a) the foam forming composition includes one or more betaines, one or more amine oxides, one or more amphoteric surfactants, and one or more polyacids, polyols, or other preservatives, (b) the foam stabilizing composition includes one or more polymer thickening agents, (c) the foam spreading composition includes one or more silicone surfactants and one or more fatty acid alcohols, and (d) a water composition including deionized water, distilled water, free water, potable water, brackish water, salt water, or any combination thereof.

[0006] Embodiments of this disclosure provide new fire retardant foam systems fire retardant/suppressant foam systems or firefighting foam systems including: (a) a foam forming composition, (b) a foam stabilizing composition, (c) a foam spreading composition, and (d) a water composition, wherein (a) the foam forming composition includes one or more betaines, one or more amine oxides, one or more amphoteric surfactants, one or more fatty acids, one or more glycol esters, one or more anionic surfactants, and one or more polyacids, polyols, or other preservatives, (b) the foam stabilizing composition includes one or more polymer thickening agents, (c) the foam spreading composition includes one or more silicone surfactants and one or more fatty acid alcohols, and (d) a water composition including deionized water, distilled water, free water, potable water, brackish water, salt water, or any combination thereof.

[0007] Embodiments of this disclosure provide methods comprising adding a gas composition to a foam composition of this disclosure to form a foam and applying the foam to a Class B fire, wherein the foam is effective in forming foam films that are persist in removing heat reducing the ability for the fire to rekindle and reducing exposure of firefighters to life threatening heat and wherein the gas composition includes nitrogen enriched air, deoxygenated air, nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS OF THE DISCLOSURE [0008] The disclosure may be better understood with reference to the following detailed description together with the appended illustrative drawings in which like elements are numbered the same:

[0009] Figure 1 depicts a plot test results for foam compositions 1-9 of Examples 1-9.

[0010] Figure 2 depicts a plot test results for foam compositions 10-16 of Examples 10-16.

DEFINITIONS USED IN THE DISCLOSURE

[0011] The term "at least one" means one or more or one or a plurality, additionally, these three terms maybe used interchangeably within this application. For example, at least one device means one or more devices or one device and a plurality of devices. [0012] The term "one or a plurality" means one item or a plurality of items.

[0013] The term "about" means that a value of a given quantity is within ±20% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±15% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±10% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±5% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±2.5% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±1% of the stated value.

[0014] The term "substantially" means that a value of a given quantity is within±5% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±2.5% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±2% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±1% of the stated value. In other embodiments, the value is within ±0.1% of the stated value.

[0015] The term "foam concentrate" means a liquid that, appropriately diluted, is used to make fire fighting foam.

[0016] The term "foam solution" means the solution prepared by appropriate dilution of concentrate foam application to the foam-making device.

[0017] The term "foam agent" means an active ingredient of a foam solution. The agents in foam solutions will normally be below their critical micelle concentration (when applicable).

[0018] The term "standard foam" or "standard foam concentrate" means one not especially provided with resistance to water-miscible fuels or to freezing.

[0019] The term "alcohol-resistant foam agent (ARF)" means a foam agent formulated to show resistance to solution in water-miscible fuels, notably the lower alcohols, ketones, amines, and others.

[0020] The term "expansion ratio" means the volume of foam formed relative to the volume of solution from which it was fomled.

[0021] The term "drainage time" means the time for (usually) 25% of the aqueous foam content to drain from the foam in specified geometry. (Drainage reduces heat resistance but is desirable for cooling the underlying fuel.)

[0022] The term "prebum time" means the time between full involvement of the surface of a pool of test fuel in flame and first application of extinguishing agent.

[0023] The term "control time (of a fire)" means the time either to cover (usually) 90% of flaming surface with foam or to reduce heat radiation from the fire to 10% of its value at start of foam application. Please note that either determination may present problems.

[0024] The term "extinction time" means the time at which the fire is totally extinguished.

[0025] The term "virtual extinction" means residual small wisps of flame, possibly with maximum size defined for test purposes.

[0026] The term "burnback" or "burnback time" means in real-life fires, persistent small flames are likely to bum away progressively a protective foam blanket. In test fires, this procedure is standardized with the time for a specified proportion (usually 25% or 100%) of the test fuel surface to become fully involved in flame being described as the burnback time. The latter may not be synonymous with the total disintegration of the foam blanket.

[0027] The term "heptane" means refers to commercial product mixtures of aliphatic hydrocarbons with a boiling range either of 88-103°C or 94-99°C. For the latter, typical n-heptane content is approximately 38%.

[0028] The term "Avgas" means aviation gasoline. Avgas is made up of about 16-20 % aromatics, e.g., 100LL Low Lead antiknock agent, ASTM D910-11.

[0029] The term "Mogas" means motor gasoline. Total aromatic content in Mogas is about 20-50% and majorly toluene (circa 50% of the aromatics).

[0029] The term "wt.%" or "w/w" mean percentages by weight.

[0030] The term "vol.%" or "v/v" mean percentages by volume.

[0031] The term "v/w" mean volume per weight.

[0032] All ranges included herein include all sub ranges so that a range between 0 and 100, including all subranges between 0 and 100. Additionally, a range between 20 and 80 includes all subranges between 20 and 80. Ranges include the end points unless otherwise specifically stated. For example, a range of 20> to <80 does not include the end point, while 20 > to < 80 includes the end point and mixtures of these ranges may exclude one of the end points.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE [0033] The inventors have found that new foam systems may be formulated based on non-toxic and less environmentally challenging chemicals to produce effective foam films that persist, effective in removing heat, reducing the ability for the fire to rekindle, and reducing exposure of firefighters to life threatening heat. The inventors have also found that persistent film forming firefighting foam systems that completely extinguished Class B fires may be formulated using more environmentally benign ingredient. On one hand, a persisting foam was developed by using suitable aqueous or non-aqueous polymers to increase foam viscosity and elasticity and film stability, while on the other hand, stable and penetrating foam spread was accomplished using silicone surfactants. Thus, synergistic ally combining multi-whelming ingredients, the new foam systems benefit from silicone surfactants and polymers to reinforce foam walls resulting in minimized drainage and significantly reduced surface tension and to form a barrier needed to extinguish Class B fires and remove heat to protect fire fighters.

[0034] The inventors have found that by combining environmentally benign foam thickener agents, surface spreading agents, and environmentally friendly foam agents effective Class B foam systems may be formulated and used in polar fuel fire extinguishers.

[0035] Embodiments of the present disclosure broadly relate to new fire fighting foam systems including: (a) a foam forming composition, (b) a foam stabilizing composition, (c) a foam spreading composition, and (d) a water composition, wherein (a) the foam forming composition includes one or more betaines, one or more amine oxides, one or more amphoteric surfactants, and one or more polyacids, polyols, or other preservatives, (b) the foam stabilizing composition includes one or more polymer thickening agents, (c) the foam spreading composition includes one or more silicone surfactants and one or more fatty acid alcohols, and (d) a water composition including deionized water, distilled water, free water, potable water, brackish water, salt water, or any combination thereof.

[0036] In certain embodiments, the foam forming compositions include one or more fatty acids, one or more glycol esters, and one or more anionic surfactants.

[0037] Embodiments of the present disclosure broadly relate to methods for suppressing class B fires by adding a gas to a fire fighting foam system of the disclosure and the applying the foam to a class B fire, wherein the foam systems includes: (a) a foam forming composition, (b) a foam stabilizing composition, (c) a foam spreading composition, and (d) a water composition, wherein (a) the foam forming composition includes one or more betaines, one or more amine oxides, one or more amphoteric surfactants, and one or more polyacids, polyols, or other preservatives, (b) the foam stabilizing composition includes one or more polymer thickening agents, (c) the foam spreading composition includes one or more silicone surfactants and one or more fatty acid alcohols, and (d) a water composition including deionized water, distilled water, free water, potable water, brackish water, salt water, or any combination thereof.

[0038] In certain embodiments, the foam forming compositions include one or more fatty acids, one or more glycol esters, and one or more anionic surfactants.

COMPOSITIONAL RANGES IN THF DISCLOSURE [0039] The following table lists foam ingredients and the ranges each ingredient in the foam compositions of this disclosure. The ranges are expressed in three ranges broadest to narrowest.

[0040] If a given foam formulation includes ingredient that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and may be correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

SUITABLE REAGENTS FOR USE IN THE DISCLOSURE

Foaming Agents

Amine Oxide

[0041] Suitable amine oxide for use herein include, without limitation, any amine oxide of the formula R'R ² R ³ N 0, in other embodiments R ¹ N(CH ₃ ) ₂ 0, where R ¹ is an alkyl group of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ are independently alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms and mixtures or combinations thereof and those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,258,859; 3,303,896, and 4,108,782. Exemplary examples include, without limitation, saturated fatty acid dimethylamine oxies such as capryl amine oxide (capryl dimethyl amine oxide), pelargonyl amine oxide (pelargonyl dimethyl amine oxide), capryl amine oxide (capryl dimethyl amine oxide), undecyl amine oxide (undecyl dimethyl amine oxide), lauryl amine oxide (lauryl dimethyl amine oxide), tridecyl amine oxide (tridecyl dimethyl amine oxide) myristyl amine oxide (myristyl dimethyl amine oxide), palmityl amine oxide (palmityl dimethyl amine oxide), stearyl amine oxide (stearyl dimethyl amine oxide), other saturated fatty acid amine oxides, or mixtures and combinations thereof.

Betaines

[0042] Suitable betaines for use herein include, without limitation, higher alkyl betaines such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfopropyl betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH ₂ ) ₃ radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the betaine, oleyl betaine, and cocamidopropyl betaine or mixtures and combinations thereof.

Amphoteric Surfactants

[0043] Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include, without limitation, derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate and mixtures or combinations thereof. Suitable amphoteric surfactants include derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate and mixtures or combinations thereof. Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, and sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate and mixtures or combinations thereof.

Anionic Surfactants

[0044] Suitable anionic surfactants for use herein include, without limitation, (a) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl sulfates, (b) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl carboxylates, (c) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl aryl polyglucosides, (d) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl sulfonates, or (d) mixtures and combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the alkyl moieties have about 1 to about 18 carbons, the aryl moieties have about 6 to about 12 carbons, and the alkyl aryl moieties have about 7 to about 30 carbons. Exemplary groups are propyl, butyl, hexyl, decyl, dodecyl, phenyl, benzyl and linear or branched alkyl benzene derivatives of the carboxylates, sulfates and sulfonates. Included are alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, N-alkoyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, alpha-olefin sulphonates and acyl methyl taurates, especially their sodium, magnesium ammonium and mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts or mixtures or combinations thereof. The alkyl and acyl groups generally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and may be unsaturated. The alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates may contain from one to 10 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule. In certain embodiments, the alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates contain 2 to 3 ethylene oxide units per molecule. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants include ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl ether sulphate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl ether sulphate, sodium lauryl polyglucoside hydroxypropyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecyl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, ammonium lauroyl isethionate, and ammonium N-lauryl sarcosinate and mixtures or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, some of the anionic surfactants can be sodium, potassium, cesium or other similar anionic surfactants or mixtures of these alkali metal surfactants with ammonium surfactants.

Cationic Surfactants

[0045] Suitable cationic surfactants suitable for use herein include, without limitation, quaternary ammonium surfactants of the formula X ^_ N ⁺ R ¹ R ² R ³ where R ¹ , R ² , andR ³ are independently selected from hydrogen, an aliphatic group of from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, or aromatic, aryl, an alkoxy, polyoxyalkylene, alkylamido, hydroxyalkyl, or alkylaryl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms; and X is an anion selected from halogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, alkylsulfate radicals (e.g., methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate), tosylate, lactate, citrate, and glycolate and mixtures or combinations thereof. The aliphatic groups may contain hydroxy groups, in addition to carbon and hydrogen atoms, ether linkages, and other groups such hydroxyl or amino group substituents (e.g., the alkyl groups can contain polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol moieties). The longer chain aliphatic groups, e.g., those of about 12 carbons, or higher, can be saturated or unsaturated. In other embodiments, R ¹ is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ² is selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ³ are independently selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and X is as described above.

Glycol Ethers

[0046] Suitable glycol ethers used in the compositions of the present invention include, without limitation, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, and mixtures thereof.

Fatty Acids

[0047] Suitable fatty acids for use herein include, without limitation, saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, or mixtures and combinations thereof. Exemplary examples of saturated fatty acids include, without limitation, caprylic acid (octanoic acid), pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), capric acid (decanoic acid), undecylic acid (undecanoic acid), lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), tridecylic acid (tridecanoic acid), myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), pentadecylic acid (pentadecanoic acid), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid), stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), nonadecylic acid (nonadecanoic acid), arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), heneicosylic acid (heneicosanoic acid), behenic acid (docosanoic acid), tricosylic acid (tricosanoic acid), lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid), pentacosylic acid (pentacosanoic acid), cerotic acid (hexacosanoic acid), carboceric acid (heptacosanoic acid), m on tunic acid (octacosanoic acid), nonacosylic acid (nonacosanoic acid), melissic acid (triacontanoic acid), hentriacontylic acid (hentriacontanoic acid), lacceroic acid (dotriacontanoic acid), psyllic acid (tritriacontanoic acid), geddic acid (tetratriacontanoic acid), ceroplastic acid (pentatriacontanoic acid), hexatriacontylic acid (hexatriacontanoic acid), heptatriacontylic acid (heptatriacontanoic acid), octatriacontylic acid (octatriacontanoic acid), nonatriacontylic acid (nonatriacontanoic acid), tetracontylic acid (tetracontanoic acid), or mixtures or combinations thereof. Exemplary examples of monousaturated fatty acids include, without limitation, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, gadoleic acid, eicosenoic acid, erucic acid, nervonic acid, or mixtures or combinations thereof.

Fatty Add Alcohols

[0048] Suitable alcohols for use in the present invention include, without limitation, C ₁₂ -C ₂₄ fatty acid alcohols, or mixtures and combinations thereof. Exemplary examples include, without limitation, lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, heptadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, heneicosyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, or mixtures and combinations thereof.

Polyacids and Polyol Perservatives

[0049] Suitable polyacids or polyol preservatives for use herein include, without limitation, citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, or mixtures and combinations thereof.

Spreading Agents

Silicone Surfactants

[0050] Suitable silicone surfactants include, without limitation, any silicon surfactant. Exemplary examples of silicone surfactants include, without limitation, polydimethylsiloxane based surfactants, polydimethylsiloxane based surfactants having pendant groups having a variety of end groups, polydimethylsiloxane based surfactants having polyethylene oxide pendant groups having a variety of end groups, silicone-polyether surfactants having a dimethylpolysilyl block and a methyl polyether block copolymer silyl block of the general formula silicone-polyether block copolymer, linear (ABA) structure, silicone with a polyether block copolymer having a trisiloxane base structure and polyether block copolymer pendant group extending the trisiloxane middle group, or mixtures and combinations thereof. Specific examples of silicone surfactants include, without limitation, PEG- 12 dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/23 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/23 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 23/6 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-10 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-17 dimethicone, PPG-12 dimethicone, PPG-12 dimethicone, polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (CAS # 27306-78-1), mono

3-l,3,3,3-tetramethyl-l-(trimethylsilyl) oxy-disiloxanyl propyl ether (60/40 EO/PO) (CAS # 134180-76-0), dimethylsiloxane, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide (40/60) block copolymer (CAS # 67762-85-0), PEG/PPG (50/50) butyl ether dimethicone (CAS # 67762-87-2), PEG/PPG (75/25) (20/80)(40/60) dimethicone (CAS # 68937-55-3), silicone polyol copolymer (68440-66-4), dimethylsiloxane ethyleneoxide block copolymer, poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-methyl (3- hydroxypropyl)siloxane] graft poly(ethyleneglycol)methylether (CAS # 68938-54-5), poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-ethylene oxide), AB block copolymer (CAS # 68937-54-2), hydroxyalkyl terminated poly(propyleneoxy)-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (CAS # 161755-53-9), bis-PEG-12 dimethicone (70 MPA.S) (CAS # 102783-01-7), or mixtures and combinations thereof Exemplary commercial products include, without limitation, DOW CORNING ^® silicon surfactants, SYLGARD ^® silicone surfactants, Freeway ^® silicone surfactants, Dyne-Amic ^® silicone surfactants, SilSoft ^® (SilSoft ^® is a registered trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.), and SilWet ^® silicone surfactants (SilWet ^® is a registered trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.), or mixtures and combinations. In certain embodiments, the silicon surfactants for use herein have viscosities between about 10 cSt and 50,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 100,000 g/mole. In other embodiments, the silicon surfactants for use herein have viscosities between about 15 cSt and 25,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 50,000 g/mole. In other embodiments, the silicon surfactants for use herein have viscosities between about 15 cSt and 10,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 25,000 g/mole. In other embodiments, the silicon surfactants for use herein have viscosities between about 1 cSt and 5,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 10,000 g/mole. In other embodiments, the silicon surfactants for use herein have viscosities between about 15 cSt and 2,500 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 5,000 g/mole. In other embodiments, the silicon surfactants for use herein have viscosities between about 15 cSt and 1,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 2,000 g/mole. In other embodiments, the silicon surfactants for use herein have viscosities between about 15 cSt and 100 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 2,000 g/mole.

Thickening Polymer Agents

Cationic Polymers

[0051] Suitable cationic polymers include, without limitation, (a) vinylalcohol homopolymer and copolymers with methacrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (b) acrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers with methacrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (c) methacrylic acid homopolymers and copolymers with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (d) polyamines, (e) quaternary derivatives of cellulose ethers, (f) quaternary derivatives of guar, (g) homopolymers and copolymers of at least 20 mole percent dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), (h) homopolymers and copolymers of methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC), (i) homopolymers and copolymers of acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC), (j) homopolymers and copolymers of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC), (k) homopolymers and copolymers of acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC), (1) homopolymers and copolymers of methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate (METAMS), (m) homopolymers and copolymers of ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate, (n) quaternary derivatives of starch, or (o) mixtures and combinations thereof.

Anionic Polymers

[0052] Suitable anionic polymers include, without limitation, homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA), homopolymers and copolymers of methacrylic acid (MAA), homopolymers and copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPSA), homopolymers and copolymers of N-methacrylamidopropyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, N-acrylamidopropyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, N-methacryloyloxyethyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, and N-acryloyloxyethyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid and mixtures or combinations thereof.

Hydratable Polymers

[0053] Suitable hydratable polymers for use herein include, without limitation, any hydratable polysaccharides. Exemplary examples of hydratable polysaccharides include, without limitation, galactomannan gums, glucomannan gums, guars, derived guars, and cellulose derivatives. Specific examples of hydratable polysaccharides include, without limitation, guar gum, guar gum derivatives, locust bean gum, Karaya gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose. Other examples of such polymer include, without limitation, guar gums, high-molecular weight polysaccharides composed of mannose and galactose sugars, or guar derivatives such as hydropropyl guar (HPG), carboxymethyl guar (CMG). carboxymethylhydropropyl guar (CMHPG), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose (CMHEC), xanthan, scleroglucan, polyacrylamide, polyacrylate polymers and copolymers. Other examples of suitable hydratable polymers are set forth herein. Other hydratable polymers include, without limitation, synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, poly-2-amino-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, and various other synthetic polymers and copolymers. Other suitable polymers are known to those skilled in the art.

EXPERIMENTS OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0054] The following examples illustrate specific and non-limiting examples of the novel foam compositions for use in retarding class B fires.

EXAMPLE 1

[0055] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a control foam composition.

[0056] The following ingredients were mixed together to form Example 1.

EXAMPLE 2

[0057] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0058] The following ingredient were mixed together to form Example 2.

EXAMPLE 3

[0059] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0060] The following ingredients were mixed together to form Example 3.

EXAMPLE 4

[0061] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0062] The following ingredients were mixed together to form Example 4.

EXAMPLE 5

[0063] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a novel foam composition of this disclosure including .

[0064] The following ingredient were mixed together to form Example 5.

EXAMPLE 6

[0065] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0066] The following ingredient were mixed together to form Example 6.

EXAMPLE 7

[0067] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure.

[0068] Example 7 is 1:1 Blend of Example 2 and Example 4.

EXAMPLE 8

[0069] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a novel foam composition of this disclosure including .

[0070] The following ingredients were mixed together to from the Example 8.

EXAMPLE 9

[0071] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0072] The following ingredients were mixed together to form Example 9. EXAMPLE 10

[0073] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0074] The following ingredient were mixed together to from the Example 10.

EXAMPLE 11

[0075] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0076] The following ingredient were mixed together to from the Example 11.

EXAMPLE 12

[0077] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0078] The following ingredients were mixed together to from the Example 12.

EXAMPLE 13

[0079] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0080] The following ingredients were mixed together to from the Example 13.

EXAMPLE 14

[0081] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0082] The following ingredients were mixed together to from the Example 14.

EXAMPLE 15

[0083] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0084] The following ingredients were mixed together to from the Example 15.

EXAMPLE 16

[0085] This example illustrates a specific embodiment of a foam composition of this disclosure. [0086] The following ingredients were mixed together to from the Example 16.

EXAMPLE 17

[0087] Examples 1-9 were tested to determine foam height, 25% drain-time, and 50% drain-time. The results are tabulated below and plotted in Figure 1.

TABLE 1

Foam Height, 25% Drain-Time, and 50% Drain-Time Test Results

EXAMPLE 18

[0088] Examples 10-16 were tested to determine foam height, 25% drain-time, and 50% drain-time. The results are tabulated below and plotted in Figure 2.

TABLE 2

Foam Height, 25% Drain-Time, and 50% Drain-Time Test Results

[0089] It is well known in prior art that foams can be readily stabilized by employment of additives capable of increasing elasticity or thickness of the walls. Such thickening agents are natural or synthetic polymers or long hydrocarbon chain amines and alcohols. Thus, transitioning from formulations of Example 1 to Example 2, addition of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) increased stability on the foam system as evidenced by higher quarter (t _1/4 ) and half-live (t _1/2 ) values as shown in Figure 1.

[0090] Similar improvement in suitability of foam systems for firefighting by decreasing pour point of foam concentrate was accomplished by adding dipropylene glycol methyl ether. Though better and sufficient foamablility and stability of foams are achievable with higher concentrations of surfactants to meet performance specifications the properties may not be satisfactory. Whereas foam height is approximately the same in Example 6 and Example 8, both t _1/4 and t _1/2 are superior for Example 8, where CMC was used hence providing double-whelming properties of reducing drainage and increasing life of foam to remove heat and extinguish fire. By same token, Example 9 displayed best foam characteristics compared to other nine formulas.

[0091] Considering Examples 10 through 16, surface activity of Example 10 was improved through a combination of spreading additives, which are intrinsically effective surface tension reducers, and/or foam stabilizer. As shown in Figure 2, such additives can be added with no tangible deleterious effect of foam properties while increasing surface activity with resultant potency to extinguish fire and reduce heat.

EXAMPLE 19

[0092] This example illustrates a field test of a 3 wt.% concentrate of the fire fighting foam composition of Example 2 in non-polar fuel under National Fire Protection Association test conditions as specified in NFPA 11 2016 Ed 12.1.2, also 12.6.2-3, andNFPA Ed 11.4.2.

Field Trial Test 3 wt.% Example 2 Concentrate

[0093] Overall Result included Pass results only used in listed systems and applications. This sample was tested as a 3 wt.% synthetic foam concentrate for use at 3 wt.% in non-polar solvents only and passed the performance specification and performed as designed. A cyclohexane burnback test was conducted at 6 wt.%, resulting in > 180 seconds foam blanket extinguished flame, which far exceeds the minimum specification requirement of 54 seconds.

EXAMPLE 20

[0094] This example illustrates a field test of a 6 wt.% concentrate of the fire fighting foam composition of Example 2 in non-polar fuel under National Fire Protection Association test conditions as specified in NFPA 11 2016 Ed 12.1.2, also 12.6.2-3, andNFPA Ed 11.4.2. Field Trial Test 6 wt.% Example 2 Concentrate

[0095] Overall Result included Pass, only use in listed systems and applications. This sample, tested as 6 wt.% synthetic foam concentrate for use at 3 wt.% on non-polar solvents only, passed the performance specification and performed as designed.

EXAMPLE 21

[0096] This example illustrates a field test of a 3 wt.% concentrate of the fire fighting foam composition of Example 2 in non-polar fuel drum test under National Fire Protection Association test conditions as specified in NFPA 11 2016 Ed 12.1.2, also 12.6.2-3, and NFPA Ed 11.4.2.

Field Trial Test 3 wt.% Example 2 Concentrate

[0097] Overall Result included Pass, only use in listed systems and applications. This sample, tested as 3% synthetic foam concentrate for use at 3% on non-polar solvents only, passed the performance specification and performed as designed. A cyclohexane bumback test was conducted at 3%. Using the same procedure as in Example 19, the result was > 180 seconds foam blanket extinguished flame, which far exceeds the minimum specification requirement of 54 seconds.

[0098] The above data showed expansion ratio values between 8.6 and 8.8 compared to the 4.5 minimum standard and t _1/4 time values between 253 s and 290 s compared to the 210 s minimum standards. These results are outstanding. Similarly, the burnback test results were conducted at 3 wt.% with concomitant result of > 180s foam blanket extinguished flame, which highly surpassed specification requirement of 54s.

EXAMPLE 22

[0099] Furthermore, a field test was conducted on a 92 sq. ft. Class B fuel (gasoline) flame, about 18 inches deep. The foam, when applied at 6%, 3 gal/min, extinguished fire instantaneously within 5 s bringing the temperature from 11 ,860°F to 208 °F within 5 s, and to 83 °F at the fuel housing metal within 4 min.

CLAIMED EMBODIMENTS [0100] Embodiment 1. A foamable system comprising: a foam forming composition including: one or more betaines, one or more amine oxides, one or more amphoteric surfactants, and one or more preservatives, a foam stabilizing composition including: one or more polymer thickening agents, a foam spreading composition including: one or more silicone surfactants and one or more fatty acid alcohols, a water composition, wherein the foaming system is adapted to be converted into a foam when a gas composition is added to form a foam system that is adapted to reduce, prevent, retard, or suppress a Class B fire. [0101] Embodiment 2. The embodiment of Embodiment 1 , further comprising between about 15.00 wt.% and about 40.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 10.00 wt.% and about 20.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 15.00 wt.% and about 25.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 25.00 wt.% and about 35.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 3.00 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.5 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.5 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.10 wt.% and about 1.00 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 0.50 wt.% and about 10.00 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.50 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; and between about 1.00 wt.% and about 3.00 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and maybe correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0102] Embodiment 3. The embodiment of Embodiment 1 , further comprising between about 20.00 wt.% and about 35.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 12.00 wt.% and about 18.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 18.00 wt.% and about 25.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 28.00 wt.% and about 32.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.05 wt.% and about 2.50 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.1 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.1 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.25 wt.% and about 0.90 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 0.75 wt.% and about 7.50 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.25 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.75 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; and between about 1.50 wt.% and about 2.50 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and maybe correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0103] Embodiment 4. The embodiment of Embodiment 1 , further comprising between about 25.00 wt.% and about 30.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 15.00 wt.% and about 18.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 20.00 wt.% and about 23.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 29.00 wt.% and about 31.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.10 wt.% and about 1.50 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.30 wt.% and about 0.80 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 1.00 wt.% and about 7.00 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.15 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.70 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; and between about 1.50 wt.% and about 2.00 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and maybe correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0104] Embodiment 5. The embodiment of Embodiment 1, wherein the gas composition comprises nitrogen enriched air, deoxygenated air, nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof.

[0105] Embodiment 6. The embodiment of Embodiment 1, wherein the water composition comprises deionized water, distilled water, free water, potable water, brackish water, salt water, or combinations thereof; the one or more betaines comprise coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfopropyl betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH ₂ ) ₃ radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the betaine, oleyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, or mixtures thereof; the one or more amine oxides comprise independently a compound of formula R ^I R ² R ³ N 0, wherein R ¹ is an alkyl group of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ are independently alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the one or more amphoteric surfactants comprise aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate or mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic surfactants comprise (a) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl sulfates, (b) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl carboxylates, (c) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl aryl polyglucosides, (d) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl sulfonates, or (d) mixtures thereof; the one or more cationic surfactants independently comprise a quaternary ammonium surfactant of the formula X N R'R ² R\ wherein R ¹ , R ² , and R ³ are independently comprise a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group having between 1 and about 22 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a polyoxyalkylene group, an alkylamido group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkylaryl group having between 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R ¹ , R ² , and R ³ is not a hydrogen atom; and X independently comprise ahalogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, alkylsulfate including methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate, glycolate, or mixtures thereof; the one or more glycol ethers independently comprise ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acids independently comprise a saturated fatty acid, a mono-unsaturated fatty acid, or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acid alcohols independently comprise a C ₁₂ -C ₂₄ fatty acid alcohol or mixtures thereof; the one or more preservatives are independently comprise a polyacid, a polyol, a compound including a plurality of hydroxy group and a plurality of acid groups, or mixtures thereof; the one or more silicone surfactants independently comprise a polydimethylsiloxane based surfactant, a polydimethylsiloxane based surfactant including pendant groups having a variety of end groups, a polydimethylsiloxane based surfactant having polyethylene oxide pendant groups having a variety of end groups, a silicone-polyether surfactants including a dimethylpolysilyl block and a methyl polyether block copolymer silyl block, a linear (ABA) structure, a silicone having a polyether block copolymer having a trisiloxane base structure and a polyether block copolymer pendant group extending the trisiloxane middle group, or mixtures thereof; the one or more cationic polymers independently comprise (a) a vinylalcohol homopolymer, (b) avinyl alcohol copolymer with methacrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (c) an acrylic acid homopolymer, (d) an acrylic acid copolymer of with methacrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (e) a methacrylic acid homopolymer, (f) a methacrylic acid copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (g) a polyamine, (h) a quaternary derivative of a cellulose ether, (i) a quaternary derivatives of a guar, (j) a dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) homopolymer, (k) a DMDAAC copolymer including at least 20 mole percent DMDAAC with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (1) a methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) homopolymer, (m) a MAPTAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (n) an acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC) homopolymer, (o) an APTAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (p) a methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC) homopolymer, (q) a METAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (r) an acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC) homopolymer, (s) an AETAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (t) a methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate (MET AMS) homopolymer, (u) a MET AMS copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (v) an ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate homopolymer, (w) an ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (x) a quaternary starch derivative, or (y) mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic polymers independently comprise homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA), homopolymers and copolymers of methacrylic acid (MAA), homopolymers and copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPSA), homopolymers and copolymers of N-methacrylamidopropyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, N-acrylamidopropyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, N-methacryloyloxyethyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, and N-acryloyloxyethyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, or mixtures thereof; and the one or more hydratable polymers independently comprise galactomannan gums, glucomannan gums, guars, derived guars, cellulose derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0106] Embodiment 7. The embodiment of Embodiment 6, wherein the one or more amine oxides independently comprise saturated fatty acid dimethylamine oxies such as capryl amine oxide (capryl dimethyl amine oxide), pelargonyl amine oxide (pelargonyl dimethyl amine oxide), capryl amine oxide (capryl dimethyl amine oxide), undecyl amine oxide (undecyl dimethyl amine oxide), lauryl amine oxide (lauryl dimethyl amine oxide), tridecyl amine oxide (tridecyl dimethyl amine oxide) myristyl amine oxide (myristyl dimethyl amine oxide), palmityl amine oxide (palmityl dimethyl amine oxide), stearyl amine oxide (stearyl dimethyl amine oxide), other saturated fatty acid amine oxides, and mixtures thereof; the one or more amphoteric surfactants independently comprise sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, and sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate or mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic surfactants independently comprise ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl ether sulphate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl ether sulphate, sodium lauryl polyglucoside hydroxypropyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecyl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, ammonium lauroyl isethionate, ammonium N-lauryl sarcosinate, or mixtures; the one or more cationic surfactants independently comprise a compound of X N R‘R ² R ³ , wherein R ¹ is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ² is H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ³ is H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, and one or more the carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms may be replaced by hydroxy groups, ether linkages, amino groups, a polyethylene glycol group, or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group including about 12 carbons to 18 carbon atoms; the saturated fatty acids independently comprise caprylic acid (octanoic acid), pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), capric acid (decanoic acid), undecylic acid (undecanoic acid), lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), tridecylic acid (tridecanoic acid), myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), pentadecylic acid (pentadecanoic acid), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid), stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), nonadecylic acid (nonadecanoic acid), arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), heneicosylic acid (heneicosanoic acid), behenic acid (docosanoic acid), tricosylic acid (tricosanoic acid), lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid), pentacosylic acid (pentacosanoic acid), cerotic acid (hexacosanoic acid), carboceric acid (heptacosanoic acid), montanic acid (octacosanoic acid), nonacosylic acid (nonacosanoic acid), melissic acid (triacontanoic acid), hentriacontylic acid (hentriacontanoic acid), lacceroic acid (dotriacontanoic acid), psyllic acid (tritriacontanoic acid), geddic acid (tetratriacontanoic acid), ceroplastic acid (pentatriacontanoic acid), hexatriacontylic acid (hexatriacontanoic acid), heptatriacontylic acid (heptatriacontanoic acid), octatriacontylic acid (octatriacontanoic acid), nonatriacontylic acid (nonatriacontanoic acid), tetracontylic acid (tetracontanoic acid), or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acid alcohols independently comprise lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, heptadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, heneicosyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, and mixtures thereof; the one or more preservatives independently comprise citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, and mixtures thereof; the one or more silicone surfactants independently comprise PEG- 12 dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/23 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/23 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 23/6 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-10 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG- 12 dimethicone, PEG- 17 dimethicone, PPG- 12 dimethicone, PPG- 12 dimethicone, polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (CAS # 27306-78-1), mono

3-l,3,3,3-tetramethyl-l-(trimethylsilyl) oxy-disiloxanyl propyl ether (60/40 EO/PO) (CAS # 134180-76-0), dimethylsiloxane, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide (40/60) block copolymer (CAS # 67762-85-0), PEG/PPG (50/50) butyl ether dimethicone (CAS # 67762-87-2), PEG/PPG (75/25) (20/80)(40/60) dimethicone (CAS # 68937-55-3), silicone polyol copolymer (68440-66-4), dimethylsiloxane ethyleneoxide block copolymer, poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-methyl (3- hydroxypropyl)siloxane] graft poly(ethyleneglycol)methylether (CAS # 68938-54-5), poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-ethylene oxide), AB block copolymer (CAS # 68937-54-2), hydroxyalkyl terminated poly(propyleneoxy)-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (CAS # 161755-53-9), bis-PEG-12 dimethicone (70 MPA.S) (CAS # 102783-01-7), DOW CORNING ^® silicon surfactants, SYLGARD ^® silicone surfactants, Freeway ^® silicone surfactants, Dyne-Amic ^® silicone surfactants, SilSoft ^® (SilSoft ^® is a registered trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.), SilWet ^® silicone surfactants (SilWet ^® is a registered trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.), and mixtures thereof, wherein the silicon surfactants have viscosities between about 10 cSt and 50,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 100,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 25,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 50,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 10,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 25,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 5,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 10,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 2,500 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 5,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 1,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 2,000 g/mole, or viscosities between about 15 cSt and 100 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 2,000 g/mole, or mixtures thereof; the one or more hydratable polysaccharides independently comprise guar gum, guar gum derivatives, locust bean gum, Karaya gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gums, high-molecular weight polysaccharides composed of mannose and galactose sugars, or guar derivatives such as hydropropyl guar (HPG), carboxymethyl guar (CMG), carboxymethylhydropropyl guar (CMHPG), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose (CMHEC), xanthan, scleroglucan, polyacrylamide, polyacrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, poly-2-amino-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof.

[0107] Embodiment 8. A foam system comprising: a gas composition, and a foam forming composition including: a foam forming composition comprising one or more betaines, one or more amine oxides, one or more amphoteric surfactants, one or more fatty acids, one or more glycol esters, one or more anionic surfactants, and one or more preservatives, a foam stabilizing composition comprising one or more polymer thickening agents, a foam spreading composition comprising one or more silicone surfactants and one or more fatty acid alcohols, and a water composition comprising, wherein the foam system is adapted to reduce, prevent, retard, or suppress a Class B fire.

[0108] Embodiment 9. The embodiment of Embodiment 8, further comprising: between about 15.00 wt.% and about 40.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 10.00 wt.% and about 20.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 15.00 wt.% and about 25.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 25.00 wt.% and about 35.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 3.00 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.5 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.5 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.10 wt.% and about 1.00 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 0.50 wt.% and about 10.00 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.50 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; and between about 1.00 wt.% and about 3.00 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and maybe correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0109] Embodiment 10. The embodiment of Embodiment 8, further comprising: between about 20.00 wt.% and about 35.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 12.00 wt.% and about 18.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 18.00 wt.% and about 25.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 28.00 wt.% and about 32.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.05 wt.% and about 2.50 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.1 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.1 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.25 wt.% and about 0.90 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 0.75 wt.% and about 7.50 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.25 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.75 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; and between about 1.50 wt.% and about 2.50 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and maybe correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0110] Embodiment 11. The embodiment of Embodiment 1, further comprising: between about 25.00 wt.% and about 30.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 15.00 wt.% and about 18.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 20.00 wt.% and about 23.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 29.00 wt.% and about 31.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.10 wt.% and about 1.50 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.30 wt.% and about 0.80 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 1.00 wt.% and about 7.00 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.15 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.70 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; and between about 1.50 wt.% and about 2.00 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and maybe correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0111] Embodiment 12. The embodiment of Embodiment 8, wherein: the gas composition comprises nitrogen enriched air, deoxygenated air, nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof; the water composition comprises deionized water, distilled water, free water, potable water, brackish water, salt water, or combinations thereof; the one or more betaines comprise coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfopropyl betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH ₂ ) ₃ radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the betaine, oleyl betaine, and cocamidopropyl betaine or mixtures thereof; the one or more amine oxides comprise independently a compound of formula R ¹ R ² R ³ N 0, wherein R ¹ is an alkyl group of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ are independently alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the one or more amphoteric surfactants comprise aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate or mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic surfactants comprise (a) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl sulfates, (b) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl carboxylates, (c) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl aryl polyglucosides, (d) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl sulfonates, or (d) mixtures thereof; the one or more cationic surfactants independently comprise a quaternary ammonium surfactant of the formula X N R'R ² R\ whereinR ¹ , R ² , and R ³ are independently comprise a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group having between 1 and about 22 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a polyoxyalkylene group, an alkylamido group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkylaryl group having between 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R ¹ , R ² , and R ³ is not a hydrogen atom; and X independently comprise ahalogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, alkylsulfate including methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate, glycolate, or mixtures thereof; the one or more glycol ethers independently comprise ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acids independently comprise a saturated fatty acid, a mono-unsaturated fatty acid, or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acid alcohols independently comprise a C ₁₂ -C ₂₄ fatty acid alcohol or mixtures thereof; the one or more preservatives are independently comprise a polyacid, a polyol, a compound including a plurality of hydroxy group and a plurality of acid groups, or mixtures thereof; the one or more silicone surfactants independently comprise apolydimethylsiloxanebased surfactant, apolydimethylsiloxane based surfactant including pendant groups having a variety of end groups, a polydimethylsiloxane based surfactant having polyethylene oxide pendant groups having a variety of end groups, a silicone-polyether surfactants including a dimethylpolysilyl block and a methyl polyether block copolymer silyl block, a linear (ABA) structure, a silicone having a polyether block copolymer having a trisiloxane base structure and a polyether block copolymer pendant group extending the trisiloxane middle group, or mixtures thereof; the one or more cationic polymers independently comprise (a) a vinylalcohol homopolymer, (b) a vinyl alcohol copolymer with methacrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (c) an acrylic acid homopolymer, (d) an acrylic acid copolymer of with methacrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (e) a methacrylic acid homopolymer, (f) a methacrylic acid copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (g) a polyamine, (h) a quaternary derivative of a cellulose ether, (i) a quaternary derivatives of a guar, (j) a dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) homopolymer, (k) a DMDAAC copolymer including at least 20 mole percent DMDAAC with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (1) a methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) homopolymer, (m) a MAPTAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (n) an acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC) homopolymer, (o) an APTAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (p) a methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC) homopolymer, (q) a METAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (r) an acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC) homopolymer, (s) an AETAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (t) a methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate (METAMS) homopolymer, (u) a MET AMS copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (v) an ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate homopolymer, (w) an ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (x) a quaternary starch derivative, or (y) mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic polymers independently comprise homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA), homopolymers and copolymers of methacrylic acid (MAA), homopolymers and copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPSA), homopolymers and copolymers of N-methacrylamidopropyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, N-acrylamidopropyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, N-methacryloyloxyethyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, and N-acryloyloxyethyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, or mixtures thereof; and the one or more hydratable polymers independently comprise galactomannan gums, glucomannan gums, guars, derived guars, cellulose derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0112] Embodiment 13. The embodiment of Embodiment 12, wherein: the one or more amine oxides independently comprise saturated fatty acid dimethylamine oxies such as capryl amine oxide (capryl dimethyl amine oxide), pelargonyl amine oxide (pelargonyl dimethyl amine oxide), capryl amine oxide (capryl dimethyl amine oxide), undecyl amine oxide (undecyl dimethyl amine oxide), lauryl amine oxide (lauryl dimethyl amine oxide), tridecyl amine oxide (tridecyl dimethyl amine oxide) myristyl amine oxide (myristyl dimethyl amine oxide), palmityl amine oxide (palmityl dimethyl amine oxide), stearyl amine oxide (stearyl dimethyl amine oxide), other saturated fatty acid amine oxides, and mixtures thereof; the one or more amphoteric surfactants independently comprise sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, and sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate or mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic surfactants independently comprise ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl ether sulphate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl ether sulphate, sodium lauryl polyglucoside hydroxypropyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecyl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, ammonium lauroyl isethionate, ammonium N-lauryl sarcosinate, or mixtures; the one or more cationic surfactants independently comprise a compound of X N R^R ³ , wherein R ¹ is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ² is H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ³ is H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, and one or more the carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms may be replaced by hydroxy groups, ether linkages, amino groups, a polyethylene glycol group, or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group including about 12 carbons to 18 carbon atoms; the saturated fatty acids independently comprise caprylic acid (octanoic acid), pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), capric acid (decanoic acid), undecylic acid (undecanoic acid), lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), tridecylic acid (tridecanoic acid), myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), pentadecylic acid (pentadecanoic acid), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid), stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), nonadecylic acid (nonadecanoic acid), arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), heneicosylic acid (heneicosanoic acid), behenic acid (docosanoic acid), tricosylic acid (tricosanoic acid), lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid), pentacosylic acid (pentacosanoic acid), cerotic acid (hexacosanoic acid), carboceric acid (heptacosanoic acid), montanic acid (octacosanoic acid), nonacosylic acid (nonacosanoic acid), melissic acid (triacontanoic acid), hentriacontylic acid (hentriacontanoic acid), lacceroic acid (dotriacontanoic acid), psyllic acid (tritriacontanoic acid), geddic acid (tetratriacontanoic acid), ceroplastic acid (pentatriacontanoic acid), hexatriacontylic acid (hexatriacontanoic acid), heptatriacontylic acid (heptatriacontanoic acid), octatriacontylic acid (octatriacontanoic acid), nonatriacontylic acid (nonatriacontanoic acid), tetracontylic acid (tetracontanoic acid), or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acid alcohols independently comprise lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, heptadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, heneicosyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, and mixtures thereof; the one or more preservatives independently comprise citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, and mixtures thereof; the one or more silicone surfactants independently comprise PEG- 12 dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/23 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/23 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 23/6 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-10 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-17 dimethicone, PPG-12 dimethicone, PPG-12 dimethicone, polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (CAS # 27306-78-1), mono

3-l,3,3,3-tetramethyl-l-(trimethylsilyl) oxy-disiloxanyl propyl ether (60/40 EO/PO) (CAS # 134180-76-0), dimethylsiloxane, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide (40/60) block copolymer (CAS # 67762-85-0), PEG/PPG (50/50) butyl ether dimethicone (CAS # 67762-87-2), PEG/PPG (75/25) (20/80)(40/60) dimethicone (CAS # 68937-55-3), silicone polyol copolymer (68440-66-4), dimethylsiloxane ethyleneoxide block copolymer, poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-methyl (3- hydroxypropyl)siloxane] graft poly(ethyleneglycol)methylether (CAS # 68938-54-5), poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-ethylene oxide), AB block copolymer (CAS # 68937-54-2), hydroxyalkyl terminated poly(propyleneoxy)-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (CAS # 161755-53-9), bis-PEG-12 dimethicone (70 MPA.S) (CAS # 102783-01-7), DOW CORNING ^® silicon surfactants, SYLGARD ^® silicone surfactants, Freeway ^® silicone surfactants, Dyne-Amic ^® silicone surfactants, SilSoft ^® (SilSoft ^® is a registered trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.), SilWet ^® silicone surfactants (SilWet ^® is a registered trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.), and mixtures thereof, wherein the silicon surfactants have viscosities between about 10 cSt and 50,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 100,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 25,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 50,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 10,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 25,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 5,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 10,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 2,500 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 5,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 1,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 2,000 g/mole, or viscosities between about 15 cSt and 100 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 2,000 g/mole, or mixtures thereof; and the one or morehydratable polysaccharides independently comprise guar gum, guar gum derivatives, locust bean gum, Karaya gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gums, high-molecular weight polysaccharides composed of mannose and galactose sugars, or guar derivatives such as hydropropyl guar (HPG), carboxymethyl guar (CMG), carboxymethylhydropropyl guar (CMHPG), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose (CMHEC), xanthan, scleroglucan, polyacrylamide, polyacrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, poly-2-amino-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof.

[0113] Embodiment 14. A method comprising: adding a gas to a foam composition to form a foam, wherein the foam composition comprising: a foam forming composition includes one or more betaines, one or more amine oxides, one or more amphoteric surfactants, and one or more polyacids, polyols, or other preservatives, a foam stabilizing composition includes one or more polymer thickening agents, a foam spreading composition includes one or more silicone surfactants and one or more fatty acid alcohols, and a water composition; and applying the foam to a Class B fire, wherein the foam is effective in forming foam films that are persist in removing heat reducing the ability for the fire to rekindle and reducing exposure of firefighters to life threatening heat.

[0114] Embodiment 15. The embodiment of Embodiment 14, wherein, in the adding step, the foam forming composition further comprising: between about 15.00 wt.% and about 40.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 10.00 wt.% and about 20.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 15.00 wt.% and about 25.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 25.00 wt.% and about 35.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 3.00 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.5 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.5 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.10 wt.% and about 1.00 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 0.50 wt.% and about 10.00 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.001 wt.% and about 0.50 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; andbetween about 1.00 wt.% and about 3.00 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and may be correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0115] Embodiment 16. The embodiment of Embodiment 14, wherein, in the adding step, the foam forming composition further comprising: between about 20.00 wt.% and about 35.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 12.00 wt.% and about 18.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 18.00 wt.% and about 25.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 28.00 wt.% and about 32.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.05 wt.% and about 2.50 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.1 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.1 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.25 wt.% and about 0.90 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 0.75 wt.% and about 7.50 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.25 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.75 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; and between about 1.50 wt.% and about 2.50 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and may be correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0116] Embodiment 17. The embodiment of Embodiment 14, wherein, in the adding step, the foam forming composition further comprising: between about 25.00 wt.% and about 30.00 wt.% of a water composition; between about 15.00 wt.% and about 18.00 wt.% of one or more betaines; between about 20.00 wt.% and about 23.00 wt.% of one or more amine oxides; between about 29.00 wt.% and about 31.00 wt.% of one or more amphoteric surfactants; between about 0.10 wt.% and about 1.50 wt.% of one or more preservatives; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more silicone surfactants; between about 0.005 wt.% and about 0.05 wt.% of one or more fatty acid alcohols; between about 0.30 wt.% and about 0.80 wt.% of one or more fatty acids; between about 1.00 wt.% and about 7.00 wt.% of one or more glycol esters; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.15 wt.% of one or more hydratable polymers; between about 0.01 wt.% and about 0.70 wt.% of one or more cationic polymers; and between about 1.50 wt.% and about 2.00 wt.% of one or more anionic polymers, wherein if the percentages that add up to less than or greater than 100 wt.%, then it should be recognized that the amounts are relative and may be correct to a formulation adding up to 100 wt.%, by adding all of the amounts to get a total and correcting the total and ingredient percentages to achieve a formulation where the ingredient weight percentages add up to 100 wt.%.

[0117] Embodiment 18. The embodiment of Embodiment 14, wherein: the gas composition comprises nitrogen enriched air, deoxygenated air, nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof; the water composition comprises deionized water, distilled water, free water, potable water, brackish water, salt water, or combinations thereof; the one or more betaines comprise coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alphacarboxyethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfopropyl betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH ₂ ) ₃ radical is attached to the nitrogen atom of the betaine, oleyl betaine, and cocamidopropyl betaine or mixtures thereof; the one or more amine oxides comprise independently a compound of formula: R'R ² R ³ N O, wherein R ¹ is an alkyl group of 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and R ² and R ³ are independently alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the one or more amphoteric surfactants comprise aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight or branched chain and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing group such as carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate or mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic surfactants comprise (a) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl sulfates, (b) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl carboxylates, (c) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl aryl polyglucosides, (d) alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, or aralkyl sulfonates, or (d) mixtures thereof; the one or more cationic surfactants independently comprise a quaternary ammonium surfactant of the formula X N R'R ² R\ whereinR ¹ , R ² , and R ³ are independently comprise a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group having between 1 and about 22 carbon atoms, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a polyoxyalkylene group, an alkylamido group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkylaryl group having between 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, provided that at least one of R ¹ , R ² , and R ³ is not a hydrogen atom; and X independently comprise ahalogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate, sulfate, alkylsulfate including methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate, glycolate, or mixtures thereof; the one or more glycol ethers independently comprise ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monobenzyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-propyl ether, dipropylene glycol n-butyl ether, propylene glycol n-butyl ether, tripropylene glycol n-butyl ether, or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acids independently comprise a saturated fatty acid, a mono-unsaturated fatty acid, or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acid alcohols independently comprise a C ₁₂ -C ₂₄ fatty acid alcohol or mixtures thereof; the one or more preservatives are independently comprise a polyacid, a polyol, a compound including a plurality of hydroxy group and a plurality of acid groups, or mixtures thereof; the one or more silicone surfactants independently comprise a polydimethylsiloxane based surfactant, a polydimethylsiloxane based surfactant including pendant groups having a variety of end groups, a polydimethylsiloxane based surfactant having polyethylene oxide pendant groups having a variety of end groups, a silicone-polyether surfactants including a dimethylpolysilyl block and a methyl polyether block copolymer silyl block, a linear (ABA) structure, a silicone having a polyether block copolymer having a trisiloxane base structure and a polyether block copolymer pendant group extending the trisiloxane middle group, or mixtures thereof; the one or more cationic polymers independently comprise (a) a vinylalcohol homopolymer, (b) a vinyl alcohol copolymer with methacrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (c) an acrylic acid homopolymer, (d) an acrylic acid copolymer of with methacrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (e) a methacrylic acid homopolymer, (f) a methacrylic acid copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (g) a polyamine, (h) a quaternary derivative of a cellulose ether, (i) a quaternary derivatives of a guar, (j) a dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) homopolymer, (k) a DMDAAC copolymer including at least 20 mole percent DMDAAC with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (1) a methacrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) homopolymer, (m) a MAPTAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (n) an acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC) homopolymer, (o) an APTAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (p) a methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC) homopolymer, (q) a METAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (r) an acryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC) homopolymer, (s) an AETAC copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (t) a methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate (METAMS) homopolymer, (u) a MET AMS copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (v) an ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate homopolymer, (w) an ammonium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer with acrylic acid, ethylene, propylene, or styrene, (x) a quaternary starch derivative, or (y) mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic polymers independently comprise homopolymers and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA), homopolymers and copolymers of methacrylic acid (MAA), homopolymers and copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPSA), homopolymers and copolymers of N-methacrylamidopropyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, N-acrylamidopropyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, N-methacryloyloxyethyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, and N-acryloyloxyethyl N,N-dimethyl amino acetic acid, or mixtures thereof; and the one or more hydratable polymers independently comprise galactomannan gums, glucomannan gums, guars, derived guars, cellulose derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

[0118] Embodiment 19. The embodiment of Embodiment 18, wherein: the one or more amine oxides independently comprise saturated fatty acid dimethylamine oxies such as capryl amine oxide (capryl dimethyl amine oxide), pelargonyl amine oxide (pelargonyl dimethyl amine oxide), capryl amine oxide (capryl dimethyl amine oxide), undecyl amine oxide (undecyl dimethyl amine oxide), lauryl amine oxide (lauryl dimethyl amine oxide), tridecyl amine oxide (tridecyl dimethyl amine oxide) myristyl amine oxide (myristyl dimethyl amine oxide), palmityl amine oxide (palmityl dimethyl amine oxide), stearyl amine oxide (stearyl dimethyl amine oxide), other saturated fatty acid amine oxides, and mixtures thereof; the one or more amphoteric surfactants independently comprise sodium 3-dodecylaminopropionate, and sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate or mixtures thereof; the one or more anionic surfactants independently comprise ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl ether sulphate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, ammonium lauryl ether sulphate, sodium lauryl polyglucoside hydroxypropyl sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecyl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, ammonium lauroyl isethionate, ammonium N-lauryl sarcosinate, or mixtures; the one or more cationic surfactants independently comprise a compound ofX N R'R ² R ³ , wherein R ¹ is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ² is H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon atoms; R ³ is H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, and one or more the carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms may be replaced by hydroxy groups, ether linkages, amino groups, a polyethylene glycol group, or a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic group including about 12 carbons to 18 carbon atoms; the saturated fatty acids independently comprise caprylic acid (octanoic acid), pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), capric acid (decanoic acid), undecylic acid (undecanoic acid), lauric acid (dodecanoic acid), tridecylic acid (tridecanoic acid), myristic acid (tetradecanoic acid), pentadecylic acid (pentadecanoic acid), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), margaric acid (heptadecanoic acid), stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), nonadecylic acid (nonadecanoic acid), arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), heneicosylic acid (heneicosanoic acid), behenic acid (docosanoic acid), tricosylic acid (tricosanoic acid), lignoceric acid (tetracosanoic acid), pentacosylic acid (pentacosanoic acid), cerotic acid (hexacosanoic acid), carboceric acid (heptacosanoic acid), montanic acid (octacosanoic acid), nonacosylic acid (nonacosanoic acid), melissic acid (triacontanoic acid), hentriacontylic acid (hentriacontanoic acid), lacceroic acid (dotriacontanoic acid), psyllic acid (tritriacontanoic acid), geddic acid (tetratriacontanoic acid), ceroplastic acid (pentatriacontanoic acid), hexatriacontylic acid (hexatriacontanoic acid), heptatriacontylic acid (heptatriacontanoic acid), octatriacontylic acid (octatriacontanoic acid), nonatriacontylic acid (nonatriacontanoic acid), tetracontylic acid (tetracontanoic acid), or mixtures thereof; the one or more fatty acid alcohols independently comprise lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, heptadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, heneicosyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, and mixtures thereof; the one or more preservatives independently comprise citric acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, and mixtures thereof; the one or more silicone surfactants independently comprise PEG- 12 dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane (and) PEG/PPG-20/15 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/23 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 20/23 dimethicone, PEG/PPG 23/6 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-8 dimethicone, PEG-10 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-12 dimethicone, PEG-17 dimethicone, PPG-12 dimethicone, PPG-12 dimethicone, polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane (CAS # 27306-78-1), mono

3-l,3,3,3-tetramethyl-l-(trimethylsilyl) oxy-disiloxanyl propyl ether (60/40 EO/PO) (CAS # 134180-76-0), dimethylsiloxane, propylene oxide/ethylene oxide (40/60) block copolymer (CAS # 67762-85-0), PEG/PPG (50/50) butyl ether dimethicone (CAS # 67762-87-2), PEG/PPG (75/25) (20/80)(40/60) dimethicone (CAS # 68937-55-3), silicone polyol copolymer (68440-66-4), dimethylsiloxane ethyleneoxide block copolymer, poly[dimethylsiloxane-co-methyl (3- hydroxypropyl)siloxane] graft poly(ethyleneglycol)methylether (CAS # 68938-54-5), poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-ethylene oxide), AB block copolymer (CAS # 68937-54-2), hydroxyalkyl terminated poly(propyleneoxy)-polydimethylsiloxane block copolymer (CAS # 161755-53-9), bis-PEG-12 dimethicone (70 MPA.S) (CAS # 102783-01-7), DOW CORNING ^® silicon surfactants, SYLGARD ^® silicone surfactants, Freeway ^® silicone surfactants, Dyne-Amic ^® silicone surfactants, SilSoft ^® (SilSoft ^® is a registered trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.), SilWet ^® silicone surfactants (SilWet ^® is a registered trademark of Momentive Performance Materials Inc.), and mixtures thereof, wherein the silicon surfactants have viscosities between about 10 cSt and 50,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 100,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 25,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 50,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 10,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 25,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 5,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 10,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 2,500 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 5,000 g/mole, viscosities between about 15 cSt and 1,000 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 2,000 g/mole, or viscosities between about 15 cSt and 100 cSt and molecular weights between about 800 and 2,000 g/mole, or mixtures thereof; and the one or more hydratable polysaccharides independently comprise guar gum, guar gum derivatives, locust bean gum, Karaya gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, guar gums, high-molecular weight polysaccharides composed of mannose and galactose sugars, or guar derivatives such as hydropropyl guar (HPG), carboxymethyl guar (CMG), carboxymethylhydropropyl guar (CMHPG), hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), carboxymethylhydroxyethylcellulose (CMHEC), xanthan, scleroglucan, polyacrylamide, polyacrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, poly-2-amino-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof.

CLOSING PARAGRAPH OF THE DISCLOSURE [0119] All references cited herein are incorporated by reference. Although the disclosure has been disclosed with reference to its preferred embodiments, from reading this description those of skill in the art may appreciate changes and modification that may be made which do not depart from the scope and spirit of the disclosure as described above and claimed hereafter.