SCIENTIFIC FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION REFERS TO

The invention belongs to the field of mechanical engineering and refers to the operating mechanisms with springs which produce mechanical energy from potential energy of multiple systems of helical flexion springs while, at the same time, one or more springs are strained by the repulsive force of the constant magnets. According to International Patent Classification (IPC), the mark is: F 03 G 1/06.

TECHNICAL PROBLEM

The invention solves the problem of the construction of the operating mechanism with springs which produces mechanical energy from potential energy of multiple systems of helical flexion springs while, at the same time, one or more springs are strained by the repulsive force of the constant magnets. The task of the springs is to realize the angular movement of the shafts on which they are mounted and, via a transformer, to move the rotor with the output torque. The complete energy of the retroactive effect of the springs, reduced for the part of the energy which turns into heat, is used for the output torque. The operating mechanism with springs can be widely used in the production of mechanical energy and as such can be an ideal upgrade or replacement for ICE or electromotor and start the appliances for the production of mechanical energy where the power of muscles was used.

PRIOR ART

Operating ICE motors use fossil fuels in the production of mechanical energy, so they release a large amount of carbon dioxide which is harmful for the environment. It has to be taken into account that the oil reserves are getting smaller and smaller. Electromotors for the production of mechanical energy use electrical energy and have the highest level of beneficial effect. What is negative about them is that they have to be stationary since they are connected to the source by a conductor. The machines for the production of mechanical energy where the power of muscles was used cannot provide the consistency in the production of mechanical energy. Magnetic motors which are still not widely used in the production of mechanical energy use a great number of magnets of the great magnetic power which is harmful for the rotating elements. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The operating mechanism with springs consists: - of multiple systems of helical flexion springs as operating elements, - of elements of rotary movement: operating shafts and central shaft, - elements for the transfer of power: cogwheel, pulley, toothed belt and tensioner, and elements of the housing: bolted connection between the side lids.

Helical flexion spring is placed on a thorn, where it rests on the movable arm and the fixed arm rests on the bolted connection between the side lids of the operating mechanism. The thorn is firmly coupled with a single-socket, and the single socket is pivotally coupled to the operating shaft.

Helical flexion spring can be placed on the shaft without a thorn and the movable arm rests on pocket magnets, and the fixed arm rests on the bolted connection between the side lids of the operating mechanism. Then on the top of the operating shaft to the sprocket there is a one-way coupling or a one-way bearing.

Each spring has its permanent magnet, which is pushed away from the permanent magnet on the rotor, and thus straining of the spring is performed. Straining of the movable arm of the spring is done in the direction of the downtime of the DC connector in the opposite direction of the direction of the working shaft. The movable arm of the spring, after the final cycle of straining, under the force, returns to the working direction of the shaft and starts it.

According to the invention, the operating mechanism with springs is constructed so as to produce mechanical energy from the potential energy of multiple systems, while at the same time one or more springs is strained by the repulsive force of the permanent magnets. The delimiter is attached to the edge of the mandrel and relies on the bolted connection at the maximum of retroactive spring.

When mounting the spring without a thorn, the delimiter is attached to the front side of the shaft and relies on the bolted connection at the maximum of retroactive spring. The delimiter sets the allowed air, minimum clearance of S rotor and stator, so that a repulsive force of the magnet could achieve its maximum effect.

The advantages of this invention are in the fact that the spring tension is performed without the contact of surfaces that move. One or more magnets on the rotor is pushed away from a magnet on the stator shaft, forward, in the direction of the rotation of the rotor (it does not move it backwards), which would cause direct reduction of the total energy of the springs.

More magnets in one place on the rotor can exert maximum anticipated strain on the spring. Total energy of the retroactive effect of the springs is used for the output of the operating torque, reduced for the energy that turns into heat. SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES OF THE SCHEME

The invention is described in detail on the example of performance shown in the scheme in which:

Figure 1 - represents the assembled operating mechanism, with the open elements for power transmission and the input and output direction of energy,

Figure 2 - represents the operating mechanism with springs on the mandrel as operating elements, without side lids and without the housing,

Figure 3 - shows the rotor with discs, on which are asymmetrically arranged permanent magnets and a shaft with springs on four mandrels with permanent magnets on the DC connectors,

Figure 4 - shows the mandrel with a spring,

Figure 5 - shows the arrangement of direct friction clutch, with a pin and elements of the mandrel; permanent magnet and switch on the periphery of the mandrel and the support of the movable arm of the spring on the inside of the mandrel.

Figures 6 and 7 - are single and multi-line operating mechanism with springs, with the housing in 3D projection,

Figures 8 and 9 - display a 3D projection and technical drawing of a single row operating mechanism with flat belt and a friction brake,

Figures 10 and 11 - show a 3D projection and technical drawing of a multiple line operating mechanism,

Figures 12 and 13 - shows a 3D projection and technical drawing of a single row operating mechanism with a friction brake,

Figure 14 - shows the central shaft with the rotor disc and the movable disc of the friction brake,

Figure 15 - shows a rotor with permanent magnets arranged in parallel, where the magnets are screwed, Figure 16 - represents one disc of the rotor where permanent magnets are sealed with glue, Figures 17 and 18 - represent a 3D view from the front on one shaft with the elements of the cogwheel and without the cogwheel and show the way the helical flexion spring rests,

Figure 19 - shows the shaft with a spring and a magnet in the pocket, and presents the principle of connection between the magnet pocket and the carrier,

Figure 20 - shows a 3D projection of the helical flexion spring,

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 presents a detailed operating mechanism with springs, with the visible elements for the power transmission. On the side lid 20, the input side of energy, transmitters are shown, cogwheels 21, 22, 23, pulleys 24 with a toothed belt 13 and tensioners 12, and the side lid 20A, the exit side of energy. Figure 2 shows the operating shaft 10 with the open, propulsion systems of helical flexion springs 15 mounted on the mandrel 14 which rest by the fixed arm 26 on the bolted connection 29 between the side lids 20 and 20A.

In the central part of the operating mechanism there is the rotor 19 with discs 32. Figure 3 shows the rotor 19 with discs 32 on the central shaft 11, and the edges of the discs 32 are joined by the threaded joint 34 to the permanent magnets 17. Beside the rotor 19 is an operating shaft 10 with helical flexion springs 15 mounted on the mandrel 14. Figures 4 and 5 show the mandrel 14 with helical flexion spring 15, a support of the movable arm of the spring 28, permanent magnet 16 and delimiter 27.

The mandrel 14 is assembled to fit firmly with a single-socket 18 and the connector is coupled to the shaft 10. At the edge of the mandrel 14 is attached the permanent magnet 16 and delimiter 27. On the inside of the mandrel 14, by a connection thread, the support 28 of the movable arm 25 of the spring is attached. On the edges of the discs 32, by bolts 34, permanent magnets 17 are attached, which can be four pieces on a single disc 32, for every 90 ° (there can also be five or six pieces, if the disc 32 of the rotor 19 has a larger diameter). Discs 32 are coupled by wedges to the central shaft 11. The operating shafts 10 and the central shaft 11 are mounted on roller bearings 33 in the side lids 20 and 20A. In accordance with the idea of the invention, the helical flexion spring 15 exerts repulsive force of the permanent magnets 16 and 17 with no contact of the surfaces that move. The spring 15 is fixed to the arm 26 by a bolted connection 29, between the side lids 20 and 20A, and the moving arm 25 to the support 28 on the inner side of the mandrel 14.

The task of the spring 15 is, after completion of the phase of straining, to realize the angular movement of the shaft 10, on which it is mounted. The retroactive effect of the spring 15 is transmitted to the shaft 10, through the mandrel 14 and a DC coupling 18 and by means of a transmitter, cogwheels 21, 22, 23 starts the rotor 19, with the output operating torque.

All springs 15 together, after the final phase of straining, trigger their shafts 10 on which they are mounted, with different intensity. The springs 15 are tensioned with the same intensity of the force, but one after another (not all at the same time), so that they do not have the same intensity of force at a given moment. The toothed belt 13 is placed on pulleys 24, and has a role to join all the produced mechanical energy. This would ensure consistency in the work of the operating mechanism. The role of the cogwheels 21, 22 and 23 is to bring completely manufactured, operating, mechanical energy to the rotor 19.

In accordance with a preferred goal, the operating mechanism with springs produces mechanical energy from the potential energy of multiple systems of helical flexion springs 15, while at the same time, one or more of the springs 15, exerts repulsive force of the permanent magnets 16 and 17. In the re-straining of the springs 15 is invested a repulsive force of magnets 16 and 17, so the act of straining the springs releases energy and helps start the rotor 19.

The act of straining the spring 15 does not take away the total energy, but it adds. A magnet on the rotor 17 is pushed away from the magnet 16 and the spring 15 on the mandrel 14 forward in the direction of the rotation of the rotor 19 (it does not bring it back, which would result in direct reduction of total energy of the retroactive effect of the springs 15). The springs 15 by the operating energy drive the rotor 19, and the magnets 16 and 17 simultaneously complement them with the repulsive force when they are empty.

The cycle of spring straining 15 would constantly repeat during the work of the operating mechanism. The total energy of the retroactive effect of the springs 15 is used to output operating torque, reduced for the part of the energy that turns into heat. In the initial position, the spring 15 is overstretched by the force, allowing maximum retroactive effect of the spring 15.

The delimiter 27 is attached to the edge of the mandrel 14 and relies on the bolted connection 29, between the side lids 20 and 20A, at the maximum retroactive effect of the spring 15. The delimiter 27 sets the allowed minimum clearance between the magnets 16 and 17, so that a repulsive force could generate maximum effect. Between every second pulley 24 there is a tensioner 12, so that the belt 13 with the pulleys 24 has a contact angle as much as possible, to avoid sliding off the belt 13 during operation.

One of the tensioners 12A can be moved along the groove 30 on the lid 20, up and down, so that the belt 13 can be tightened or loosened to facilitate installation. Instead of the toothed belt 13, a sprocket and chain can be mounted, depending on the load and the purpose of the operating mechanism. On one shaft 10 more springs 15 are mounted, with mandrel 14 and a one-way clutch 18, so as to form a system of parallel connection springs 15. All the springs 15 of the operating mechanism, together, act as one large system, of helical flexion springs 15 connected in parallel.

Variant solutions to the operating mechanism with springs can be accomplished in several types of structural solutions depending on the requirements dictated by the working machines. One can say that the set of assembly of the operating mechanism consists of three subsets: operating or input shafts 10 with the elements of the stator, the driven or output (central) shaft 11 with the elements of the rotor, and the housing 31 with the side lids 20 A, 20.

Shafts 10 and 11 are in the housing 31 connected by mechanical transmissions. The operating mechanism can be divided into five groups based on the type of mechanical transmissions: gear, belt, chain, friction and combined. Based on the number of rows of springs on the shaft 10 are divided into: single-line and multi-line. Based on the arrangement of the spring 15 and the magnets 16 and 17 on the shafts 10 and the rotor 19 are divided into: an eccentric and parallel.

A variant solution shows a single and multiple line operating mechanism with helical flexion springs 15 without a thorn, with parallel magnets 16, with the possible mentioned belt and gear transmitters of energy, with a mechanical friction brake 43. On the side of the entrance of the operating mechanism, there is a mechanical friction brake 43 and transmissions, gears 21, 22, 23, or pulleys 24 with a flat belt 13 A and tensioners 12.

Figures 6 and 7 show the simple operating mechanism, and Figures 10 and 11 show a multi-line operating mechanism with springs. Springs 15 are on the input shaft 10 without a thorn, set in systems of parallel connected springs. On the magnet 35, by screws 42 is attached a cartridge 40 with the permanent magnet 16, in which rests the movable arm 25 of the spring 15.

On the side of the secondary shaft 10 by the screws 37 is attached the delimiter 27 A. The delimiter 27 on the shaft 10 can be radially pivoted thanks to the elongated holes for the screws 37, Fig. 14. By the radial pivoting of the delimiter 27, minimal air clearance is adjusted, between the rotor and stator. The spring 15 rests by the fixed arm 26 on the bolted connection 29 between the side lids 20 and 20A, and the movable arm rests on the casing 40 of the permanent magnet 16. In the central part of the operating mechanism there is a rotor 19 with discs 32 with parallel magnets 17. Discs 32 of the rotor 19 are coupled with the central shaft 11 by wedges.

On the shaft 11 of the rotor 19, an extension for the connection of the working machines is designed, by a flange, pulley or in some other way. At the beginning of the shaft 11 there is a movable disk 47 of the friction brake 43, which also serves as a flywheel. On the edges of the discs 32, by the screws 38 or by the glue are fastened permanent magnets 17, which can be four groups of four on a disc 32, for every 90 °, but there may be more, if the disc 32 of the rotor 19 has a larger diameter, for larger sizes and higher power of the operating mechanism.

There may be two groups of four magnets 17 for smaller diameters of the rotor 19, and there may be just one group of magnets for smaller diameters of the rotor, that is, less power of the operating mechanism. Magnets 17 are arranged in parallel on the rotor, to avoid the braking force of the rotor 19, adjacent magnets 16, and the stators nearby. The magnets on the rotor 17 are arranged so as to enclose the space between the two magnets 16 on two adjacent operating shafts 10, so that the rotor 19 does not idle.

More magnets 17 when work together on a spring 15 can achieve the maximum anticipated tension of the spring. The number of strains of the movable arm 25 of the spring 15 must be taken into account, during one second, which is directly dependent on the size of the angle of the strain, the length of the movable arm 25 of the spring 15, the thickness of the wire and the material from which the spring is made.

Increasing the number of strains in relation to the planned, can lead to a breakage of the movable arm 25 of the spring 15. When we should launch the operating mechanism, we give it an initial impulse, mechanically or by an electrical actuator or we just unlock it, since a part of the spring remains strained after braking.

Braking can be carried out mechanically, by a friction brake 43 or electro magnetic brake, depending on the load and purpose. The output mechanical energy can also be carried out on the shaft 10, depending on the load and purpose. The number of shafts 10 is not restricted, there can be more or fewer, or as shown in the Figure, depending on the load and purpose.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The operating mechanism with springs can be widely used in the production of mechanical energy and as such can be an ideal upgrade or replacement for ICE or electromotor and start the appliances for the production of mechanical energy where the power of muscles was used.