AN OPERATI VE TEMPERATURE MEASURI NG DEVI CE

Technical Field Related to the I nvention

The invention subject to the application is related to a practical and applicable operative measuring device that can carry out operative temperature (thermal comfort temperature) measurement which is defined as the basic comfort temperature in the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers) thermal comfort design diagram but is still not applied and is ignored, wherein said device plays an important role in the conditioning of internal environments, and which carries in the most sensitive and comprehensive way the thermal interaction of the human body with its surroundings, and considers the temperature reactions of the human body and which can evaluate the energy losses of the human body. Known State of the Art related to the I nvention ( Prior Art)

The present devices or probes that are known as operative measuring devices in the known state of the art cannot perform the active simulation of the human body thermodynamically. Such devices which are low in number have been designed for laboratory usage and they are not suitable to be used in a room . Moreover according to the measurement method used in these devices, the clothes of the person, position of the person, if a person is sweating or not, the person's activity status, are not included in any way in the measurement.

Operative temperature in the known state of the art; can be measured by means of the MRT (Mean Radiant Temperature) obtained using values measured with a Black Globe Probe and anemometer and combination of air temperature at certain ratios. However in this method clothing, seating, and activity parameters are not included during measurement. Moreover the usage of this method is only suitable for thermal comfort test measurements or laboratories and the thermal characteristics of the human body cannot be simulated and passive measurement can be taken which is independent from human characteristics but is only calculative. The cost of said system a quite high.

As these operative temperature measuring devices that are included in the known state of the art, are laboratory type, high priced devices, they are not suitable to be used as room type operative temperature thermostats in buildings. For this reason, heating and cooling systems which perform very limited measuring that do not take into consideration the position of a person in a room , clothing, activity status, sweating and the surface temperatures of walls or windows etc. which effect the heat transfer of people and only measure the air temperature and are known in building automation systems are being used. This leads to energy loss and subjective human discomfort. Whereas in order to provide precise human comfort, human exergy loss has gained importance in addition to human energy loss and it has been understood that providing human exergy comfort with operative temperature measurement devices is now an indispensible necessity. Thus, ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers) comfort diagram is denominated as operative temperature and in application this value has been simplified as air temperature. This simplification however leads to subjective comfort losses together with economic and environmental losses. Moreover as radiant comfort size cannot be correctly measured the air in the environment is trying to be heated and cooled more and unnecessary energy waste is caused.

The invention subject to the American Patent numbered US 4,863,279 A can be used as an example of operative temperature measurement devices and methods, within the known state of the art.

Brief Description of the I nvention and its Aims

Human body and the thermal interaction of human body with enclosure in the invention has been actively simulated. The human periphery and its thermal transaction has been simulated on a mini human model by using thermal balancing models known in the state of the art. The human mannequin was given a body pose (sitting, standing up etc.) and the position, clothing and activity level (summer and winter clothing, person sitting in an office, person working in a factory etc.) and sweating conditions have been indirectly simulated.

An ellipsoid geometry which can represent a human body as sensor geometry in an operative temperature measurement device subject to the invention has been used. Moreover an electric micro heater has been mounted inside the sensor in order to represent the metabolic heat consumption of a human body; the inside of the geometry was filled with a fluid which can reflect the average specific temperature and the equivalent density of inner body fluids and human inner organs. The following has been aimed in developing the operative temperature measuring device subject to the invention;

• Obtaining an operative temperature measuring device which is suitable to be used in a room both by means of its price, practicality, remote control and remote monitoring characteristics, and by the structure of the device which can measure operative temperature directly as if a person is feeling it and sensitively by acting like a human body;

• Taking measurements by simulating the thermal interaction of the human body and its periphery in a much more realist and dynamic medium,

· I ncreasing the thermal comfort measurement in houses and offices to the required level,

• Putting a product on the market for the first time which can particularly take the exergy losses of the human body in Low-Energy and Low-Exergy buildings into consideration and in turn can enable the monitoring of low exergy buildings and which can contribute to special automation,

• Producing a device which can be used in automation in order to reduce exergy losses and increase energy saving.

Description of the Figures illustrating the I nvention

The figures that have been prepared in order to further describe the operative temperature measuring device developed according to the invention have been defined below.

Figure 1 - is the general view of the operative temperature measurement device.

Figure 2- is the general view of the type 1 shell

Figure 3 - is the general view of the type 2 shell Definition of the aspects/ sections/ parts forming the invention

The parts/sections/aspects that have been illustrated in the figures that have been prepared in order to further describe the operative temperature measuring device developed by means of this invention have each been numbered and the references of each number have been listed below. 1 . Operative temperature measurement device

2. Ellipsoid sensor

3. Electric micro heater 4. Surface temperature sensor

5. Telescopic leg

6. Data and power transfer cable

7. Electronic control unit

8. Screen

9. Control panel

10. Type 1 shell

1 1 . Confluence point

12. Type 1 shell inner surface

13. Type 2 shell

14. Type 2 shell inner surface

Detailed description of the invention

An ellipsoid geometry which can represent the human body as sensor (2) geometry in the operative temperature measuring device (1 ) subject to the invention which can be used in operative temperature measurement which is an important factor in conditioning internal environment and which is dependent on the thermal interaction of the human body with its periphery. Moreover the inner section of the ellipsoid sensor (2) , has been filled with a fluid which can reflect the average specific temperature and the equivalent density of the internal organs and inner body fluids of human beings.

The operative temperature measuring device (1 ) basically comprises;

• A two piece ellipsoid sensor (2) which provides the simulation of the thermal characteristics of a human and the material and surface characteristics used besides simulating the human body geometry,

• At least an electric micro heater (3) which enables the simulation of the metabolic temperature that the human body consumes during the thermal interaction of the human body with its periphery,

• At least a surface temperature sensor (4) which measures surface temperature, and which can be placed onto one or more points on the ellipsoid sensor (2) and enables the measurement that is required in order to keep the temperature at fixed values that have been determ ined for different conditions,

• At least one telescopic leg (5) which enables the adj ustment of the distance and angle between the sensor and the surface it is mounted on ,

· At least a data and power transfer cable (6) formed of two different sections that perform power transfer and data transfer functions,

• An electronic control unit (7) , which operates such that it can read the data received from the surface temperature sensor (4) and can control the electric micro heater (4) , can obtain the operative temperature value by assigning the power data into the mathematical model and the obtained equations, and which can not only show these values on a screen (8) but can also transfer said values to a building automation system via wired and wireless com m unication protocols,

• A screen (8) located on the electronic control unit (7) which shows the room type control parameters and other control parameters,

· A control panel (9) which enables the adj ustment of room type control parameters and other control parameters by means of the menu of the electronic control unit (7) ,

• A type 1 shell ( 1 0) formed of different thicknesses, materials and surfaces, which enable to carry out different sweating and clothing simulation by means of its structure that can be attached to and detached from the ellipsoid sensor (2) , formed of a multi part structure comprising two or more slices that have been joined together by sewing or with any other kind of technique.

• A confluence point ( 1 1 ) which enable the joining of the parts of the two part, type 1 shell ( 1 0) and which travels the periphery of parts end to end ,

• An inner surface of a type 1 shell (1 2) where the surfaces of the type 1 shell and the ellipsoid sensor (2) surfaces contact each other

• A type 2 shell ( 13) having a single part structure produced from a flexible textured material mounted on an ellipsoid sensor (2) ,

• A type 2 shell inner surface ( 14) where the surfaces of the type 2 shell and the ellipsoid sensor (2) contact each other. The surface temperature sensor (4) subm its the measurement data via the data and power transfer cable (6) to the electronic control unit (7) .

The power drawn by the electric m icro heater (3) is different according to environmental conditions and it is dependent on operative temperature and for this reason when required, the power that is necessary for the m icro heater (3) to operate (3) is transferred by means of the data and power transfer cable (6) via the electronic control unit (7) . The electronic control unit (7) measures the amount of power drawn transiently by the micro heater (3) and includes said measurement into the calculation carried out by a mathematical model. Linear equations have been obtained according to different room types and clothing types between the power amount drawn and the operative temperature and these equations have been used in a mathematical model.

The joining and fixing of the parts in a Type 1 shell (10) along the confluence points (1 1 ) are carried out by means of a zip, laces or a magnetic holder.