This invention relates generically to an optical device for channelling, confining and screening electromagnetic radiations and a relative method for obtaining it.

Moreover, the invention relates to a method and an optical device designed to screen a predetermined area from electromagnetic radiations. The method for obtaining the optical device according to the invention is valid, in general, for all substances which respond to fluid dynamic laws and, in particular, for fluids which, subjected to a specific action of external forces, adopt a specific topological form; if this form is defined on a solid (for example, glass, crystal, Plexiglas) it is also possible to make a special circular focussing lens.

According to the invention, if the topological form is respected and if this is set up acting on a liquid and/or on an electrical or magnetic field, the method may be used in order to screen undesired electromagnetic and magnetic radiations.

There are prior art optical devices and systems designed to obtain high resolutions, in particular for making cameras to be used in smartphones, tablets or other similar electronic devices (such as those described, for example, in patent document US 9,086,558 B2).

A“liquid lens” has also been made which, as well as putting into focus, can also change the focal length, all without using moving parts; this is thanks to the use of liquid lenses which are superposed and controlled by separate electrodes.

The“liquid lens” technology takes its name from the use of two fluids which do not mix and which have different refraction indices.

Basically, a“liquid lens” is formed by a tube containing two liquids which cannot be mixed and with different refraction indices, closed by two transparent caps or plugs.

The inside of the tube and one of its two plugs are water-repellent, so as to form a hemispherical mass on the opposite side of the tube; applying an electrical current to the edge of the tube varies the shape of the surface of the liquid and therefore the focussing and just a fraction of a second is necessary to change from the concave shape to the convex shape and vice versa.

With respect to the lenses with liquid lenses already used in the past, in this case it is not necessary to interpose solid elements in order to adopt the zoom functions.

However, there are currently no prior art optical devices having a certain form designed to channel and/or screen luminous waves or, more generally, electromagnetic waves.

The aim of the invention is therefore to provide an optical device designed to channel, screen and confine electromagnetic radiations, in such a way that the latter are diverted and focussed and therefore, if necessary, amplified by means of specific apparatuses.

Another aim of the invention is to provide an optical device designed to channel and confine electromagnetic radiations which also allows the generation of shade (if the radiations are in the visible field, such as, for example, solar light), creation of a screening effect of magnetic fields and/or making non-equipotential surfaces relative to the incident radiation. These and other aims are achieved by an optical device designed to channel and confine electromagnetic radiations, according to appended claim 1 ; other detailed technical characteristics of the optical device according to the invention are disclosed in the following dependent claims. Advantageously, the optical device according to the invention has a surface shaped according to a particular specific curve which produce on the electromagnetic radiations impacting the above-mentioned channelling.

In this way, unlike the screening effect of electromagnetic radiations known to date, there is a total diversion of the electromagnetic radiation on a surface, which is concentrated on an annular portion and which generates a projection coming out from the opposite surface of the device, which is highlighted in a circular shade zone (in the case of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum) or in a screening zone (in the case of other types of electromagnetic radiation) and in a caustic perimeter to the circumference of the projection itself (in the case of luminous radiation) or in a confinement and concentration (in the case of other radiations).

According to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment, in the field of fluid dynamics of liquids, it is possible to produce the profile of the surface curve mentioned above by using a pump which moves a fluid (for example, water) with continuous and constant flow, achieving a shape similar to a laminar vortex. According to this specific form, a particular interaction is obtained between the incident electromagnetic radiation and the surface itself, such that the above-mentioned radiation, entering into contact with the surface of the optical configuration/arrangement is not blocked, but diverted and confined laterally; in this way, a screening effect is also generated.

It is clear that the phenomenon described above can be used for a wide range of applications, since, in this way, it is possible, in general, to confine, screen and, if necessary, amplify, by means of suitable apparatuses, the electromagnetic radiations, in such a way as to also modulate magnetic radiations and radiating electrical fields of a wide range of frequencies.

For example, it is possible to make use of this phenomenon for making a sensor, which, on the basis of the fluid dynamic deformation of the specific shape of the optical device impressed by an external force, generates a particular variation of luminous intensity; this is thanks to the confinement of the radiation (which may be, if necessary, amplified by means of suitable instruments) which is obtained on the circumference of the optical device.

Or, on the other hand, it is possible to obtain a modulator of electromagnetic radiation, by altering the geometry of the optical device passed through.

Further aims and advantages of the invention will more fully emerge from the description that follows, relative to a preferred but non-limiting embodiment of the optical device designed to channel and confine electromagnetic radiation, according to the invention, and from the appended drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 shows the geometrical construction of the profile, in a transversal cross section, of the optical device designed to channel and confine electromagnetic radiation, according to the invention;

- Figure 2A shows a first method for drawing, by means of Cartesian coordinates, an ovoidal surface, a perimeter portion of which forms part of the profile of the optical device, according to the invention;

- Figure 2B shows a second method for drawing, using a ruler and compass, the ovoidal surface of Figure 2A, according to the invention;

- Figure 3 shows a three-dimensional perspective view from below and enlarged of a portion of the optical device (section of the surface), according to the invention;

- Figure 4 shows a three-dimensional perspective view from above of a portion of the optical device (section of the surface), according to the invention;

- Figure 5 shows a transversal cross-section of a portion of the optical device (section of the surface) of Figure 4, according to the invention;

- Figure 6 shows the complete optical device of figure 4 indicating the screening and confining area of the electromagnetic radiation, according to the invention.

With particular reference to Figure 1 , it has been noted following practical trials that the shape of the profile, in a transversal cross section, which the optical device 5 has according to the invention, in order to achieve a channelling of the electromagnetic radiation RE incident on the face or flat surface A1 of the device 5 (which is opposite the face or flat surface B1 ), consists of the curve drawn with the solid line, which may have a more or less accentuated shape according to the radius r of the circumference CR and S generated.

Advantageously, the curve has a first concave part 1 , which extends from point A2 to point B2 (along the projection of linear stretch C2) and which corresponds to a portion of a cycloidal curve, a second median part 2, which extends from point B2 to point D2 (along the projection of linear stretch F2) and which corresponds to a portion of a cycloidal curve, and a concave end part 3, which mirrors the first concave part 1 , which extends from point D2 to point E2 (along the projection of linear stretch G2) and which corresponds to the final portion of the cycloidal curve.

More specifically, the concave part 1 of the cycloidal curve extends from the intersection point with the flat surface A1 of the optical device 5 (point A2) to the intersection point between the cycloidal curve and the ovoidal curve on point B2. The ovoidal part extends, on the other hand, from point B2 to point D2. These points are determined in the example shown in Figure 1 , placing the centre of the circumference generating the ovoidal curve on the surface A1.

The lateral portions 4 are rectilinear at the ends of the points A2 and E2 and end at the end edge of the optical device 5.

The median part 2 is a perimeter portion of an ovoidal surface SO, which can be obtained with the use of the following Cartesian formula [V(x ² + y ² )] ³ = 2rx ²

The latter formula, with reference to Figure 2A, by similitude of the right- angled triangles OH’P’ and OHP, by the Pythagoras theorem applied to the triangle OH’P’ and by the Euclide theorem applied to the right-angled triangle OPO’, defines, in known manner, the coordinates x, y of the generic point P’, which defines the profile of the perimeter curve S of the ovoidal surface SO.

As well as the above-mentioned mathematical techniques, the perimeter curve S of the ovoidal surface SO may be generated with geometrical techniques (ruler and compass) of known type, as shown in the construction of Figure 2B; more specifically, one proceeds as follows:

- two perpendicular axes are drawn which intersect at point 00,

- a circumference with centre 00 and radius R are drawn which intersect the axes at points A, D, B and C,

- the segments AC and BC are drawn and they extend from C,

- the compass is centred at A, with radius AB and the arc BF is drawn,

- the compass is centred at B, with radius BA and the arc AE is drawn,

- the compass is centred at C, with radius CF and the arc EF is drawn, in such a way that the arcs AB, BF, FE and EA make up the perimeter curve S which delimits the ovoidal surface SO (with vertical axis of symmetry K).

In order to simplify the understanding of the construction of the curve S (ovoidal curve), in Figure 1 , the centre Q of the circumference CRF of radius r designed to generate the curve S is positioned on the flat surface A1 of the optical device 5 where the electromagnetic radiation RE is incident; it should be noted that in any case this particular condition is not binding for the production of the effect achieved by the optical device 5, according to the invention, since, for example, the centre Q could be positioned at different distances and r could have different measurements (what must be respected is the use of two cycloid sections connected by an ovoidal curve section).

Moreover, the concave portions 1 and 3 of the curve of Figure 1 follow the trend described by the following Cartesian formula

where r is the radius of the circumference CR which generates the cycloidal curve, the measurement of which coincides with the measurement of the radius r of the circumference CRF designed to generate the perimeter curve S of the ovoidal surface (SO).

Figures 3 and 4 show a portion of the optical device 5 from different angles, Figure 5 shows a transversal cross section of the portion of optical device 5 included between points A2 and E2 di of Figure 1 , whilst Figure 6 shows an overall view of an embodiment, _. preferred but non-limiting, of the optical device 5.

My producing an optical device 5 in this way, as better shown in Figure 6, the electromagnetic radiation RE incident on the flat surface A1 of the device 5 is not blocked but diverted to a portion located at an annular circumference PC (which may also adopt an elliptical shape in the case of radiation RE which is not perpendicular to the surface A1 ).

More specifically, if the electromagnetic radiation RE is a luminous radiation, a circular (or possibly elliptical) central surface or zone CFI is produced in total shade and a circular (or possibly elliptical) luminous caustic is produced in an annular sector PC beneath the optical device 5; in particular, a screening is thus produced, beneath the optical device 5, in the area CFI confined by the caustic and an increase in the luminosity solely in the annular sector PC.

Moreover, the phenomenon described above allows use of the optical device according to the invention, for example, for generating shade (if the electromagnetic radiation is solar radiation), for screening magnetic fields and/or and for obtaining non-equipotential surfaces of incident electrical fields.

According to preferred but non-limiting embodiments of the invention, the optical device 5 may be made of glass, crystal, Plexiglas or metal.

Lastly, the physical phenomenon reproduced and used in the optical device, according to the invention, may be used in general also as an example, model or representation of actions and dynamics of the physical world, studied in other sectors of scientific research; for example, there could be advantageous use for the study and understanding of gravitational phenomena in astrophysics, in the modelling of radio signals, in the understanding of particular situations of equilibrium and order in contexts of normal entropy, in biology and in all the cases in general in which studies are carried out on high entropy systems, which converge and stabilise in a state of equilibrium which reduces or eliminates locally (that is, close to a physical configuration as described above) the entropy of the systems themselves. The characteristics of the optical device designed to channel, confine and screen electromagnetic radiations, object of the present invention, clearly emerge from the description, as do the advantages thereof.

Lastly, it is clear that numerous other variants might be made to the optical device in question, without forsaking the principles of novelty of the inventive idea, while it is clear that in the practical actuation of the invention, the materials, the shapes and the dimensions of the illustrated details can be of any type according to requirements, and can be replaced by other equivalent elements.