BACKGROUND

[0001] Perhaps as many as 70% of U.S. teenagers, as well as many adults, currently use, or have used, dental braces. Traditional braces include brackets affixed to teeth, and archwires configured to extend through slots in the brackets. The archwires are traditionally attached to the brackets via ligatures or o-ties. Each of these elements are also referred to generally as "orthodontic appliances."

[0002] Many individuals wish to customize or decorate their braces. However, customization of these orthodontic appliances is limited to changing the colors, specifically of the ligature or o-tie portions of the appliance. For instance, an individual may want to include ligatures or o-ties matching her/his favorite color, her/his school's colors, and the like. Individuals have no other readily available means by which to modify their orthodontic appliances, absent permanent modification of the appliances.

[0003] What is needed is an orthodontic appliance including a surface for displaying shapes, textures, patterns, letters, numbers, symbols, indicia, colors, and the like to enable a user of braces gain the ability to customize them.

SUMMARY

[0004] In one embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a substantially planar body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the substantially planar body via at least one connecting portion; wherein the substantially planar body and the at least one ring-shaped member are oriented adjacent to one another; and wherein the substantially planar body and the at least one ring-shaped member are not coplanar when in an unloaded state. [0005] In another embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a substantially planar body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the substantially planar body via at least one connecting portion; and wherein the substantially planar body and the at least one ring-shaped member are substantially parallel.

[0006] In another embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a substantially planar body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the substantially planar body via at least one connecting portion; wherein the substantially planar body and the at least one ring-shaped member are substantially parallel; wherein the substantially planar body and the at least one ring-shaped member are not coplanar when in an unloaded state; and wherein the substantially planar body has a width and length greater than the width and length of the at least one ring-shaped member and at least one connecting portion.

[0007] In another embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the body via at least one connecting portion; wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are oriented adjacent to one another; and wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are not coplanar when in an unloaded state.

[0008] In another embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the body via at least one connecting portion; and wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are substantially parallel.

[0009] In another embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the body via at least one connecting portion; wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are substantially parallel; wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are not coplanar when in an unloaded state; and wherein the body has a width and length greater than the width and length of the at least one ring-shaped member and at least one connecting portion.

[0010] In another embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the body via at least one connecting portion; wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are oriented adjacent to one another; wherein a horizontal axis extends through a center of the at least one ring-shaped member, the horizontal axis being taken relative to the body in an upright position; wherein a vertical axis extends through the center of the at least one ring-shaped member, the vertical axis being taken relative to the body in an upright position; and wherein the at least one connecting portion is oriented on an axis that intersects one of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, while not intersecting the other of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis.

[0011] In another embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the body via at least one connecting portion; wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are oriented parallel to one another on separate planes; and wherein the at least one connecting portion extends perpendicularly to the body and the at least one ring-shaped member.

[0012] In one embodiment, an orthodontic system is provided, the system comprising: an orthodontic bracket having: a plurality of wings, a slot oriented between the plurality of wings, and an archwire oriented in the slot; an orthodontic appliance having: a body, at least one ring-shaped member connected to the body via at least one connecting portion, wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are oriented adjacent to one another; wherein the at least one ring-shaped member engages the orthodontic bracket, extending below each of the plurality of wings and above the archwire; wherein a length of the at least one connecting portion results in a spacing between the body and the at least one ring-shaped member; and wherein the length of the at least one connecting portion is selected such that the spacing prevents direct contact between the body and at least one of: the at least one ring- shaped member, the wings, and the archwire.

[0013] In another embodiment, an orthodontic appliance is provided, the appliance comprising: a body; at least one ring-shaped member connected to the body via at least one connecting portion; wherein the body and the at least one ring-shaped member are oriented adjacent to one another; wherein a horizontal axis extends through a center of the at least one ring-shaped member, the horizontal axis being taken relative to the body in an upright position; wherein a vertical axis extends through the center of the at least one ring-shaped member, the vertical axis being taken relative to the body in an upright position; and wherein the at least one connecting portion is oriented on an axis that intersects one of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis, while not intersecting the other of the horizontal axis and the vertical axis.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The accompanying figures, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate various example configurations, and are used merely to illustrate various example embodiments. In the figures, like elements bear like reference numerals.

[0015] FIG. 1A illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0016] FIG. IB illustrates an exploded perspective view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance.

[0017] FIG. 2A illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance. [0018] FIG. 2B illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance.

[0019] FIG. 2C illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance interacting with a bracket and an archwire.

[0020] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0021] FIG. 4A illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of a series of orthodontic appliances as they may be manufactured and/or packaged.

[0022] FIG. 4B illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the series of orthodontic appliances as they may be manufactured and/or packaged.

[0023] FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of a mold for manufacturing a series of orthodontic appliances.

[0024] FIG. 5B illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of a mold for manufacturing a series of orthodontic appliances.

[0025] FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of a mold for manufacturing an orthodontic appliance.

[0026] FIG. 7A illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of the series of orthodontic appliances as they may be manufactured and/or packaged.

[0027] FIG. 7B illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of a series of orthodontic appliances as they may be manufactured and/or packaged.

[0028] FIG. 8A illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of the series of orthodontic appliances as they may be manufactured and/or packaged. [0029] FIG. 8B illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of a series of orthodontic appliances as they may be manufactured and/or packaged.

[0030] FIG. 8C illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of a series of orthodontic appliances as they may be manufactured and/or packaged.

[0031] FIG. 9A illustrates a perspective view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0032] FIG. 9B illustrates an exploded perspective view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance.

[0033] FIG. 10A illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0034] FIG. 10B illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance.

[0035] FIG. 11 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0036] FIG. 12 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0037] FIG. 13 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0038] FIG. 14 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0039] FIG. 15 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance. [0040] FIG. 16 illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance interacting with a bracket and an archwire.

[0041] FIG. 17 illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance interacting with a bracket and an archwire.

[0042] FIG. 18 illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance interacting with a bracket and an archwire.

[0043] FIG. 19A illustrates a bottom plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0044] FIG. 19B illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

[0045] FIG. 19C illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] FIGS. 1A and IB illustrate an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 100. Appliance 100 may include a body 102. Body 102 may include a surface 104. Body 102 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 106 via at least connecting portion 108.

[0047] In one embodiment, appliance 100 may include a plurality of bodies 102.

[0048] Appliance 100 may be configured to attach an archwire to a bracket for a user wearing braces. Appliance 100 may comprise any of a variety of materials, including for example a rubber, a polymer, an alloy, a metal, an organic material, a textile, and the like. Appliance 100 may comprise an elastomeric material. Appliance 100 may include a resilient material. Appliance 100 may include a silicone. Appliance 100 may include a polyurethane. Appliance 100 may include a composite material, including for example any of the materials recited above. Appliance 100 may include for example an elastomeric material in ring- shaped member 106, and a polymer material in body 102. Appliance 100 may include a rigid material. For example, at least a portion of body 102 may include a rigid material.

[0049] Body 102 may be substantially planar. Body 102 may include a substantially planar surface 104. Body 102 may be substantially non-planar. Surface 104 may be substantially non-planar. Body 102 and/or surface 104 may include a curvature, undulations, and the like. Body 102 may be domed.

[0050] Body 102 may include any of a variety of decorative features. Body 102 may include a decorative shape, such as a heart as illustrated in FIGS. 1A and IB. Body 102 may include any of a variety of shapes, including for example any geometric shape such as a circle, a square, a rectangle, a triangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, and the like. Body 102 may include an image. Body 102 may include a smiley face shape, including for example cutouts, raised portions, indentations, and the like to make up the eyes and/or mouth of the shape. Body 102 may include a letter shape, number shape, or other common symbol shape, including for example a punctuation mark or other indicia. Body 102 may include a logo shape, including for example a logo of a sport, sports team, ball, business, and the like. Body 102 may include a flag shape. Body 102 may include a star shape. It is contemplated that body 102 may include literally any shape desirable by a user, with a user's imagination being the only limitation.

[0051] Body 102 may include any of a variety of colors, including solid colors, patterned colors, random colors, the same colors as the remainder of appliance 100, different colors from the remainder of appliance 100, and the like. [0052] Body 102 may be substantially solid. Body 102 may include one or more perforation, aperture, slit, indentation, striation, and the like as necessary for achieving the intended design and appearance of appliance 100.

[0053] Body 102 may include any of a variety of decorative objects, including for example: a gem, mineral, or other stone such as a diamond or the like; a polymer or glass replica of a gem, mineral, or other stone; a metallic obj ect in any of a variety of shapes, textures, colors, and the like, such as a gold or silver decoration; an LED light; an electronic display; and the like. Body 102 may be any of a variety of jewelry items.

[0054] Body 102 may have any of a variety of dimensions. Body 102 may have a thickness ranging between about 0.1 mm and about 5.0 mm. Body 102 may have a thickness of about 1.0 mm. Body 102 may have a width and length ranging between about 1.0 mm and about 10.0 mm. Body 102 may have a width and length of about 5.0 mm. Body 102 may have a width and length that is greater than the width and length of the remainder of appliance 100. Body 102 may have a width and length that is greater than the width and length of a bracket (not shown) to which appliance 100 is attached. Body 102 may at least partially conceal the remainder of appliance 100 and/or a bracket (not shown) when appliance 100 is installed.

[0055] It is understood that the size and shape of body 102 is not restricted in any manner by the size and shape of a bracket (not shown) to which appliance 100 is applied. That is, the design of appliance 100 permits body 102 to cover as much, or as little, of at least one ring- shaped member 106 and at least one connecting portion 108 as desired.

[0056] Any of the various elements, including colors, symbols, letters, numbers, shapes, jewelry, logos, patterns, indicia, a raised element, a three-dimensional shape, and the like described above may be applied specifically to surface 104 rather than to body 102 generally. Surface 104 may include a printed image. Surface 104 may include a printed photograph. Surface 104 may include the distal-most portion of appliance 100. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be the proximal-most portion of appliance 100. Surface 104 may be oriented substantially opposite at least one ring-shaped member 106. In one embodiment, surface 104 may serve as a plane upon which one may write, color, draw, engrave, adhere, and the like, any symbol, number, letter, design, indicia, etc. that one desires. Surface 104 may include at least one of: a number, a letter, a symbol, a logo, a printed image, a pattem, an indicia, a raised element; and a three-dimensional shape.

[0057] At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be substantially annular in shape. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may but substantially elastic. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be substantially resilient. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be configured to extend below the wings of a bracket (not shown), but above an archwire (not shown), thus selectively attaching the archwire to the bracket. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may include a color, pattem, or design substantially similar to the remainder of appliance 100. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may include a color, pattern, or design substantially different from the remainder of appliance 100.

[0058] At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be oriented substantially parallel to body 102. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be oriented substantially parallel to surface 104. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be oriented in a non-parallel arrangement relative to body 102. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be oriented in a non-parallel arrangement relative to surface 104.

[0059] At least one ring-shaped member 106 may have an unloaded outer diameter between about 1.0 mm and about 10.0 mm. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may have an unloaded outer diameter of about 3.0 mm. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may have an unloaded inner diameter between about 0.5 mm and about 9.0 mm. At least one ring- shaped member 106 may have an unloaded inner diameter of about 1.0 mm. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may have an unloaded thickness between about 0.1 mm and about 5.0 mm. At least one ring-shaped member 106 may have an unloaded thickness of about 1.0 mm.

[0060] At least one ring-shaped member 106 may be attached to body 102 via at least one connecting portion 108. At least one connecting portion 108 may extend substantially orthogonally to at least one ring-shaped member 106. At least one connecting portion 108 may extend substantially orthogonally to body 102. At least one connecting portion 108 may extend substantially orthogonally to surface 104. In one embodiment, at least one ring- shaped member 106 and body 102 are substantially parallel, and at least one connecting portion 108 extends between at least one ring-shaped member 106 and body 102 and is substantially orthogonal to each.

[0061] At least one ring-shaped member 106 and body 102 may be substantially parallel while not being coplanar when unloaded. When unloaded, at least one ring-shaped member 106 and body 102 may be in separate planes separated by a distance between about 0.2 mm and about 5.0 mm. When unloaded, at least one ring-shaped member 106 and body 102 may be in separate planes separated by a distance of about 0.8 mm.

[0062] At least one connecting portion 108 may be configured to stretch or otherwise deform so as to permit variation in the separation of body 102 and ring-shaped member 106 as may be necessary during installation or use of appliance 100, or as a result of variation in dimension of brackets (not shown) to which appliance 100 may be applied. At least one connecting portion 108 may be stretched or otherwise deformed without significantly deforming body 102, such that body 102 may remain substantially planar. [0063] Appliance 100 may be manufactured in a variety of manners. For example, at least one portion of appliance 100 may be injection molded into a mold. At least one portion of appliance 100 may be assembled from parts that are fastened to one another via any known fastening means, including for example via an adhesive or polymer welding. At least one portion of appliance 100 may be carved or machined out of a section of billet material. At least one portion of appliance 100 may be printed using a three-dimensional printer.

[0064] FIGS. 2A and IB illustrate an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 200. Appliance 200 may include a body 202. Body 202 may include a surface 204. Body 202 may include an inner surface 205. Body 202 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 206 via at least connecting portion 208. Surface 204 may include a raised element 210.

[0065] Body 202 may be substantially planar. Body 202 may be substantially non-planar. Surface 204 may be substantially planar. Surface 204 may be substantially non-planar.

[0066] Raised element 210 may form any of the variety of symbols, letters, numbers, shapes, logos, indicia, three-dimensional shape, and the like described above with respect to FIGS. 1A and IB. Raised element 210 may include a color that is different from the remainder of surface 204. Raised element 210 may be a border.

[0067] FIG. 2C illustrates an appliance 200 interacting with a bracket 230 and an archwire 238. Bracket 230 may include a base 232. Bracket 230 may include a stanchion 234. Bracket 230 may include at least one wing 236. In practice, archwire 238 may be oriented in a slot in bracket 230, after which at least one ring-shaped member 206 is oriented below at least one wing 236 and above archwire 238 so as to selectively arrest archwire 238 within the slot. The at least one ring-shaped member 206 may be stretched into place, such that it is in a state of tension upon application to the bracket. In this manner, appliance 200 may maintain itself firmly in position until removal of it is desired. In one embodiment, at least one connecting portion 208 attaches to at least one ring-shaped member 206 at a point that is directly opposite archwire 238 when appliance 200 is connected to bracket 230. In one embodiment, at least one connecting portion 208 is oriented on an axis that intersects archwire 238 when appliance 200 is connected to bracket 230.

[0068] FIG. 3 illustrates an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 300. Appliance 300 may include a body 302. Body 302 may include a surface 304. Body 302 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 306 via at least connecting portion 308. Surface 304 may include a raised element 310.

[0069] Body 302 may be substantially planar. Body 302 may be substantially non-planar. Surface 304 may be substantially planar. Surface 304 may be substantially non-planar.

[0070] Raised element 310 may be oriented about the edges of a shaped body 302, so as to further define and/or emphasize the shape of body 302. Raised element 310 may include a color different from the remainder of surface 304.

[0071] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate an example embodiment of a series of orthodontic appliances 400 as they may be manufactured and/or packaged. Appliances 400 may include a body 402. Body 402 may include a surface 404. Body 402 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 406 via at least connecting portion 408.

[0072] Body 402 may be substantially planar. Body 402 may be substantially non-planar. Surface 404 may be substantially planar. Surface 404 may be substantially non-planar.

[0073] Appliances 400 may be formed into a chain, wherein each appliance 400 is adjacent to and connected with another appliance 400 via a link 412. The link 412 may be a very thin portion of material that makes up appliance 400. A user of appliance 400 may simply break off one or more appliance 400 as desired and apply them to a patient, or herself/himself.

[0074] Appliances 400 may be formed into a chain having a grasping portion 414 at one end to facilitate easier handling of the chain of appliances 400, for example during removal of one or more appliance 400 therefrom.

[0075] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate an example embodiment of a series of orthodontic appliances 500 as they may be manufactured. Appliances 500 may include a body 502. Body 502 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 506 via at least connecting portion (not shown).

[0076] Body 502 may be substantially planar. Body 502 may be substantially non-planar.

[0077] Appliances 500 may each be connected to a rail 516 configured to support appliances 500 prior to use and installation. Appliances 500 may be connected to rail 516 via very thin links 512. A grasping portion 514 may be connected to rail 516 to facilitate easier handling of the chain of appliances 500, for example during removal of one or more appliance 500 therefrom.

[0078] Appliances 500 may be formed, along with rail 516 and grasping portion 514, in a mold 518. Mold 518 may include one or more mold sections. Mold 518 may include at least one mandrel 519. Mold 518 may include mold cavities 520, into which material may be placed (e.g., via injection molding) and cooled or cured as necessary to obtain the desired material properties.

[0079] At least one mandrel 519 may include a distal end. The distal end of mandrel 519 may form a hole within ring shaped member 506.

[0080] At least one or more section of mold 518 and/or mandrel 519 may be configured to move together into a molding position for forming of appliance 500, and may be configured to move away from one another into an open position for removal of appliance 500 from mold 518.

[0081] FIG. 6 illustrates an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 600 and a mold 618 for forming appliance 600. Appliance 600 may include a body 602. Body 602 may include a surface 604. Body 602 may be operatively connected to at least one ring- shaped member 606 via at least connecting portion (not shown).

[0082] Body 602 may be substantially planar. Body 602 may be substantially non-planar. Surface 604 may be substantially planar. Surface 604 may be substantially non-planar.

[0083] Mold 618 may include a plurality of mold sections. Mold 618 may include, for example, four mold sections. Mold 618 may include any number of mold sections as required to mold appliance 600. Each mold section may include at least one mold cavity 620. At least one mold cavity 620 may include a negative of the shape of that portion of appliance 600 that is molded in that particular mold cavity 620.

[0084] FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate an example embodiment of the series of orthodontic appliances 700 as they may be manufactured and/or packaged.

[0085] Appliances 700 may include a body 702. Body 702 may include a surface 704. Body 702 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 706 via at least connecting portion (not shown). Adjacent appliances 700 may be connected to one another via at least one link 712.

[0086] Body 702 may be substantially planar. Body 702 may be substantially non-planar. Surface 704 may be substantially planar. Surface 704 may be substantially non-planar.

[0087] Appliances 700 may include a series of appliances that are connected adjacent to one another in a chain. A first appliance may be connected to an adjacent second appliance via link 712. Link 712 may connect to the at least one ring-shaped member 706 of the first appliance and the at least one ring-shaped member 706 of the second appliance. j[KTi]Link 712 may be molded as part of, and thus integrally attached to at least one ring-shaped member 706. Link 712 may be a separate element adhered, welded, extending about, or otherwise attached to and engaged with at least one ring-shaped member 706. Alternatively, link 712 may extend between and connect to at least one connecting portion (not shown). Alternatively, link 712 may extend between and connect to body 702.

[0088] A plurality of appliances 700 connected in a chain may be referred to as any of elastomeric chains, energy chains, or power chains. The chain of appliances 700 may be packaged in strips, segments, spools, or the like. In practice, a user may optionally remove individual appliances 700 from the chain and apply them individually to the bracket as noted above. Alternatively, a user may optionally apply two or more appliances 700 still attached via links 712 to adjacent brackets. That is, appliances 700 may remain linked to one another via links 712 after installation onto adjacent brackets.

[0089] It may be desirable to apply a chain of appliances 700 to a patient's brackets in order to achieve desired orthodontic mechanics. For example, links 712 between individual appliances 700 may exert additional forces on brackets, and thus teeth, to achieve desired orthodontic mechanics.

[0090] In one embodiment, a chain of appliances 700 may be utilized to form a partem, design, word, numbering scheme, etc. across a series of appliances 700 contained in the chain. For example, each appliance 700 may contain a separate letter, such that when they are oriented adjacent one another in a chain, they form a word. It is contemplated that any pattern of shapes, colors, letters, numbers, indicia, and the like could be formed using a chain of appliances 700. [0091] FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C illustrate an example embodiment of a series of orthodontic appliances 800 as they may be manufactured. Appliances 800 may include a body 802. Body 802 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 806 via at least connecting portion 808.

[0092] Body 802 may include a surface 804. Body 802 may include an inner surface 805.

[0093] Body 802 may be substantially planar. Body 802 may be substantially non-planar. Surface 804 may be substantially planar. Surface 804 may be substantially non-planar.

[0094] Appliances 800 may each be connected to a rail 816 configured to support appliances 800 prior to use and installation. Appliances 800 may be connected to rail 816 via very thin links 812. A grasping portion 814 may be connected to rail 816 to facilitate easier handling of the chain of appliances 800, for example during removal of one or more appliance 800 therefrom.

[0095] Grasping portion 814 may include a texture to facilitate easier gripping and/or handling of appliances 800 and rail 816.

[0096] Links 812 may be configured to easily break upon a user applying adequate force when pulling appliances 800 from rail 816 prior to installation of appliances 800. Alternatively, links 812 may be cut with a cutting instrument (e.g., scissors, a knife, and the like) in order to separate appliances 800 from rail 816 to permit use of appliances 800. Links 812 may extend between ring-shaped member 806 and rail 816. Links 812 may extend between body 802 and rail 816. Links 812 may extend between any part of appliance 800 and rail 816. [0097] Appliances 800 may be formed, along with rail 816 and grasping portion 814, in a mold (not shown). The mold may be substantially similar to mold 518 illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Alternatively, the mold may be dissimilar to mold 518.

[0098] FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 900. Appliance 900 may include a body 902. Body 902 may include a surface 904. Body 902 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 906 via at least connecting portion 908.

[0099] Body 902 may be substantially planar. Body 902 may be substantially non-planar. Surface 904 may be substantially planar. Surface 904 may be substantially non-planar.

[00100] As illustrated, appliance 900 may include a plurality of ring-shaped members 906. Body 902 may be operatively connected to each of the plurality of ring-shaped members 906 via at least one connecting portion 908. Body 902 may be operatively connected to each of the plurality of ring-shaped members via one connecting portion 908.

[00101] A standard orthodontic bracket comprises four tie wings oriented generally in the shape of a square, with one tie ring at each comer of the square. The tie wings are configured to engage and retain at least one ring-shaped member 906. However, in use, one may place one ring-shaped member 906 about two of the tie wings of the bracket. For example, one may place one ring-shaped member 906 about the upper left and lower left tie wings of the bracket, and one may place a second ring-shaped member 906 about the upper right and lower right tie wings of the bracket. Alternatively, one may place a first ring-shaped member 906 about the upper left and upper right tie wings of the bracket, and a second ring-shaped member 906 about the lower left and lower right tie wings of the bracket. Alternatively, one may place a first ring-shaped member 906 about the upper left and lower right tie wings of the bracket, and a second ring-shaped member 906 about the upper right and lower left tie wings of the bracket.

[00102] In another embodiment, appliance 900 may be configured to extend between adjacent brackets, such that body 902 extends between and/or at least partially overlies adjacent brackets. In one embodiment, appliance 900 is configured to application to two adjacent brackets. That is, each of the plurality of ring-shaped members 906 engages one bracket. As illustrated, body 902 may be oriented at least partially diagonally relative to the plurality of ring-shaped members.

[00103] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 1000. Appliance 1000 may include a body 1002. Body 1002 may include a surface 1004. Body 1002 may include an inner surface 1005. Body 1002 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 1006 via at least connecting portion 1008.

[00104] Body 1002 may be substantially planar. Body 1002 may be substantially non- planar. Surface 1004 may be substantially planar. Surface 1004 may be substantially non- planar.

[00105] One may place one ring-shaped member 1006 about the upper left and lower left tie wings of the bracket, and one may place a second ring-shaped member 1006 about the upper right and lower right tie wings of the bracket. Alternatively, one may place a first ring- shaped member 1006 about the upper left and upper right tie wings of the bracket, and a second ring-shaped member 1006 about the lower left and lower right tie wings of the bracket. Alternatively, one may place a first ring-shaped member 1006 about the upper left and lower right tie wings of the bracket, and a second ring-shaped member 1006 about the upper right and lower left tie wings of the bracket. [00106] Alternatively, appliance 1000 may be oriented between adjacent brackets. As illustrated, body 1002 may be oriented substantially vertically relative to the plurality of ring- shaped members, such that body 1002 will be oriented substantially vertically in the plurality of ring-shaped members are applied to adjacent brackets.

[00107] FIG. 11 illustrates an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 1100. Appliance 1100 may include a body 1102. Body 1102 may include a surface 1104. Body 1102 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 1106 via at least connecting portion 1108.

[00108] Body 1102 may be substantially planar. Body 1102 may be substantially non- planar. Surface 1104 may be substantially planar. Surface 1104 may be substantially non- planar.

[00109] One may place one ring-shaped member 1106 about the upper left and lower left tie wings of the bracket, and one may place a second ring-shaped member 1106 about the upper right and lower right tie wings of the bracket. Alternatively, one may place a first ring- shaped member 1106 about the upper left and upper right tie wings of the bracket, and a second ring-shaped member 1106 about the lower left and lower right tie wings of the bracket. Alternatively, one may place a first ring-shaped member 1106 about the upper left and lower right tie wings of the bracket, and a second ring-shaped member 1106 about the upper right and lower left tie wings of the bracket.

[00110] Alternatively, appliance 1100 may be oriented between adjacent brackets. As illustrated, body 1102 may be oriented substantially horizontally relative to the plurality of ring-shaped members, such that body 1102 will be oriented substantially horizontally in the plurality of ring-shaped members are applied to adjacent brackets. [00111] FIG. 12 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 1200. Appliance 1200 may include a body 1202. Body 1202 may include a surface 1204. Body 1202 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 1206 via at least connecting portion 1208.

[00112] Appliance 1200 may include a horizontal axis X and a vertical axis Y. Horizontal axis X may be substantially parallel to the transverse plane or axial plane of a human body upon which appliance 1200 is installed. Horizontal axis X and vertical axis Y are taken relative to the body in an upright position. Vertical axis Y may be substantially parallel to the sagittal plane of a human body upon which appliance 1200 is installed. Horizontal axis X and vertical axis Y are understood to extend through the center (e.g., centerpoint from which the radius of the ring-shaped member is measured) of ring-shaped member 1206 where appliance includes only one ring-shaped member 1206. Where appliance 1200 includes a plurality of ring-shaped members 1206, one of horizontal axis X and vertical axis Y extends through the center of the plurality of ring-shaped members 1206, and the other extends between ring-shaped members 1206, depending upon the orientation of ring-shaped members 1206 relative to body 1202 (see FIGS. 14 and 15). Alternatively, where appliance 1200 includes a plurality of ring-shaped members 1206 not aligned in a row, horizontal axis X and vertical axis Y intersect at a point that is the centroid of the plurality of ring-shaped members 1206. In this embodiment, it is assumed that appliance 1200 is configured to be oriented on a patient's bracket (not shown) as illustrated, with body 1202 being a heart intended to be in its ordinary, upright orientation with its point facing downward. When installed upon a patient's bracket (not shown), body 1202 in the form of a heart may be oriented with its point oriented inferiorly (along vertical axis Y) and its rounded portions oriented superiorly (along vertical axis Y). It is understood that body 1202 may take the form of different shapes (i.e., other than a heart) and may be oriented in different manners as a result. [00113] As illustrated in FIG. 12, at least one connecting portion 1208 extends between body 1202 and ring-shaped member 1206 and intersects a horizontal axis X, while being offset from and thus not intersecting vertical axis Y. At least one connecting portion 1208 may be perpendicular to at least one of, or perpendicular to both of, body 1202 and ring- shaped member 1206. At least one connecting portion 1208 may be orthogonal to at least one of, or orthogonal to both of, body 1202 and ring-shaped member 1206. At least one connecting portion 1208 may be non-perpendicular to at least one of, or non-perpendicular to both of, body 1202 and ring-shaped member 1206.

[00114] In practice, appliance 1200 may be oriented on a bracket (not shown), wherein the bracket has a plurality of wings (not shown), wherein the wings are oriented generally in the corners of a square, such that one wing is oriented in the upper left quadrant of the bracket, one is oriented in the upper right, another in the lower left, and finally one in the lower right quadrant. A slot may be oriented at least between the upper and lower wings, generally oriented along the horizontal axis X, wherein an archwire may be oriented within the slot. Thus, the archwire may be generally oriented along the horizontal axis X. At least one connecting portion 1208 may attach to at least one ring-shaped member 1206 at a point that is directly opposite an archwire when appliance 1200 is connected to a bracket. At least one connecting portion 1208 may be oriented on an axis that intersects an archwire when appliance 1200 is connected to a bracket. At least one connecting portion 1208 may attach to at least one ring-shaped member 1206 at a point that is configured to intersect horizontal axis X, and which is offset from (i.e., does not intersect) vertical axis Y.

[00115] FIG. 13 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 1300. Appliance 1300 may include a body 1302. Body 1302 may include a surface 1304. Body 1302 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 1306 via at least connecting portion 1308. [00116] Appliance 1300 may include a horizontal axis X and a vertical axis Y. In this embodiment, it is assumed that appliance 1300 is configured to be oriented on a patient's bracket (not shown) as illustrated, with body 1302 being a heart intended to be in its ordinary, upright orientation with its point facing downward. When installed upon a patient's bracket (not shown), body 1302 in the form of a heart may be oriented with its point oriented inferiorly (along vertical axis Y) and its rounded portions oriented superiorly (along vertical axis Y). It is understood that body 1302 may take the form of different shapes (i.e., other than a heart) and may be oriented in different manners as a result.

[00117] As illustrated in FIG. 13, at least one connecting portion 1308 extends between body 1302 and ring-shaped member 1306 and intersects a vertical axis Y, while being offset from and thus not intersecting horizontal axis X. At least one connecting portion 1308 may be perpendicular to at least one of, or perpendicular to both of, body 1302 and ring-shaped member 1306. At least one connecting portion 1308 may be orthogonal to at least one of, or orthogonal to both of, body 1302 and ring-shaped member 1306. At least one connecting portion 1308 may be non-perpendicular to at least one of, or non-perpendicular to both of, body 1302 and ring-shaped member 1306.

[00118] In practice, appliance 1300 may be oriented on a bracket (not shown), wherein the bracket has a plurality of wings (not shown), wherein the wings are oriented generally in the corners of a square, such that one wing is oriented in the upper left quadrant of the bracket, one is oriented in the upper right, another in the lower left, and finally one in the lower right quadrant. A slot may be oriented at least between the upper and lower wings, generally oriented along the horizontal axis X, wherein an archwire may be oriented within the slot. Thus, the archwire may be generally oriented along the horizontal axis X. At least one connecting portion 1308 may attach to at least one ring-shaped member 1306 at a point that is configured to intersect vertical axis Y, and which is offset from (i.e., does not intersect) horizontal axis X. At least one connecting portion 1308 may be oriented on an axis that is offset from and does not intersect an archwire when appliance 1300 is connected to a bracket.

[00119] FIG. 14 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 1400. Appliance 1400 may include a body 1402. Body 1402 may include a surface 1404. Body 1402 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 1406 via at least connecting portion 1408. As illustrated, appliance 1400 may include two ring-shaped members 1406, each of which is connected to body 1402 via a single connecting portion 1408.

[00120] Appliance 1400 may include a horizontal axis X and a vertical axis Y. In this embodiment, it is assumed that appliance 1400 is configured to be oriented on a patient's bracket (not shown) as illustrated, with body 1402 being a heart intended to be in its ordinary, upright orientation with its point facing downward. When installed upon a patient's bracket (not shown), body 1402 in the form of a heart may be oriented with its point oriented inferiorly (along vertical axis Y) and its rounded portions oriented superiorly (along vertical axis Y). It is understood that body 1402 may take the form of different shapes (i.e., other than a heart) and may be oriented in different manners as a result.

[00121] As illustrated in FIG. 14, at least one connecting portion 1408 extends between body 1402 and ring-shaped member 1406 and intersects a horizontal axis X. At least one connecting portion 1408 may be perpendicular to at least one of, or perpendicular to both of, body 1402 and ring-shaped member 1406. At least one connecting portion 1408 may be orthogonal to at least one of, or orthogonal to both of, body 1402 and ring-shaped member 1406. At least one connecting portion 1408 may be non-perpendicular to at least one of, or non-perpendicular to both of, body 1402 and ring-shaped member 1406. [00122] In practice, appliance 1400 may be oriented on a bracket (not shown), wherein the bracket has a plurality of wings (not shown), wherein the wings are oriented generally in the corners of a square, such that one wing is oriented in the upper left quadrant of the bracket, one is oriented in the upper right, another in the lower left, and finally one in the lower right quadrant. A slot may be oriented at least between the upper and lower wings, generally oriented along the horizontal axis X, wherein an archwire may be oriented within the slot. Thus, the archwire may be generally oriented along the horizontal axis X. At least one connecting portion 1408 may attach to at least one ring-shaped member 1406 at a point that is directly opposite an archwire when appliance 1400 is connected to a bracket. At least one connecting portion 1408 may be oriented on an axis that intersects an archwire when appliance 1400 is connected to a bracket.

[00123] FIG. 15 illustrates a top plan view of an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 1500. Appliance 1500 may include a body 1502. Body 1502 may include a surface 1504. Body 1502 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 1506 via at least connecting portion 1508. As illustrated, appliance 1500 may include two ring-shaped members 1506, each of which is connected to body 1502 via a single connecting portion 1508.

[00124] Appliance 1500 may include a horizontal axis X and a vertical axis Y. In this embodiment, it is assumed that appliance 1500 is configured to be oriented on a patient's bracket (not shown) as illustrated, with body 1502 being a heart intended to be in its ordinary, upright orientation with its point facing downward. When installed upon a patient's bracket (not shown), body 1502 in the form of a heart may be oriented with its point oriented inferiorly (along vertical axis Y) and its rounded portions oriented superiorly (along vertical axis Y). It is understood that body 1502 may take the form of different shapes (i.e., other than a heart) and may be oriented in different manners as a result. [00125] As illustrated in FIG. 15, at least one connecting portion 1508 extends between body 1502 and ring-shaped member 1506 and intersects a vertical axis Y. At least one connecting portion 1508 may be perpendicular to at least one of, or perpendicular to both of, body 1502 and ring-shaped member 1506. At least one connecting portion 1508 may be orthogonal to at least one of, or orthogonal to both of, body 1502 and ring-shaped member 1506. At least one connecting portion 1508 may be non-perpendicular to at least one of, or non-perpendicular to both of, body 1502 and ring-shaped member 1506.

[00126] In practice, appliance 1500 may be oriented on a bracket (not shown), wherein the bracket has a plurality of wings (not shown), wherein the wings are oriented generally in the corners of a square, such that one wing is oriented in the upper left quadrant of the bracket, one is oriented in the upper right, another in the lower left, and finally one in the lower right quadrant. A slot may be oriented at least between the upper and lower wings, generally oriented along the horizontal axis X, wherein an archwire may be oriented within the slot. Thus, the archwire may be generally oriented along the horizontal axis X. At least one connecting portion 1508 may attach to at least one ring-shaped member 1506 at a point that is configured to intersect vertical axis Y, and which is offset from (i.e., does not intersect) horizontal axis X. At least one connecting portion 1508 may be oriented on an axis that is offset from and does not intersect an archwire when appliance 1500 is connected to a bracket.

[00127] As described above with respect to appliances 1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500, connecting portions 1208, 1308, 1408, and 1508 attach to the at least one ring-shaped member 1206, 1306, 1406, and 1506 only at a point along either the horizontal axis X or the vertical axis Y. As described above with respect to appliances 1200, 1300, 1400, and 1500, connecting portions 1208, 1308, 1408, and 1508 may each be oriented on an axis that is perpendicular to at least one of, or orthogonal to, body 1202, 1302, 1402, and 1502, and at least one ring-shaped member 1206, 1306, 1406, and 1506. Where appliances 1300 and 1500 include connecting portions 1308 and 1508 that are oriented on an axis that intersects vertical axis Y, each is offset from, and does not intersect, horizontal axis X. The above-described arrangements, with the very specific orientation and positioning of connecting portions 1208, 1308, 1408, and 1508 resulted in the following unexpected characteristics of the appliance: (a) ease of application of the appliances to a bracket in practice, (b) elimination of interference of the connecting portions with an archwire and bracket wings, and (c) minimization of contact and/or an undesired level of friction between the bodies of the appliances and the ring-shaped members of the appliances, and/or between the bodies of the appliances and the bracket wings. These unexpected results are important to the functionality of the appliances when installed upon a bracket. Orientation of connecting portions 1208, 1308, 1408, and 1508 in the precise positions outlined above ensures that connecting portions 1208, 1308, 1408, and 1508 never cross the archwire when the appliances are installed on a bracket, which results in an undesired level of friction associated with interference between connecting portions 1208, 1308, 1408, and 1508 and at least one of the archwire and the bracket wings.

[00128] Orientation and positioning of connecting portions 1208, 1308, 1408, and 1508 in a manner inconsistent with that outlined above was found to result in: (a) complication in the application of the appliances to a bracket, (b) interference of the connecting portions with the archwire and bracket wings, in that the connecting portions contacted the archwire and/or bracket wings resulting in difficulty in aligning the appliance, and (c) contact and/or an undesired level of friction between the bodies of the appliances and the ring-shaped members of the appliances, and/or between the bodies of the appliances and the bracket wings, which resulted in difficulty in aligning the appliance, wear in the appliance, and/or deformation of the body of the appliance. [00129] FIG. 16 illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance 1600 interacting with an orthodontic bracket 1630 and an archwire 1638. Appliance 1600 may include a body 1602 including a surface 1604. Appliance 1600 may include at least one ring-shaped member 1606 operatively connected to body 1602 via at least one connecting portion 1608.

[00130] Bracket 1630 may include a base 1632. Bracket 1630 may include a stanchion 1634. Bracket 1630 may include at least one wing 1636. Bracket 1630 may include a plurality of wings 1636. In practice, archwire 1638 may be oriented in a slot 1631 in bracket 1630, along a horizontal axis (not shown) after which at least one ring-shaped member 1606 is oriented below at least one wing 1636 and above archwire 1638 so as to selectively arrest archwire 1638 within slot 1631. Slot 1631 may be oriented between a plurality of wings 1636. The at least one ring-shaped member 1606 may be stretched into place, such that it is in a state of tension upon application to bracket 1630. In this manner, appliance 1600 may maintain itself firmly in position until removal of it is desired. In one embodiment, at least one connecting portion 1608 attaches to at least one ring-shaped member 1606 at a point that is directly opposite archwire 1638 when appliance 1600 is connected to bracket 1630. In one embodiment, at least one connecting portion 1608 is oriented on an axis that intersects archwire 1638 when appliance 1600 is connected to bracket 1630. At least one connecting portion 1608 may be oriented on an axis that intersects a horizontal axis (not shown), as described above with respect to FIGS. 12-15.

[00131] At least one connecting portion 1608 may extend between body 1602 and at least one ring-shaped member 1606 such that at least one connecting portion 1608 is orthogonal to each. At least one connecting portion 1608 may extend between body 1602 and at least one ring-shaped member 1606 such that at least one connecting portion 1608 is non-perpendicular to one or each, but such that it still maintains offset of body 1602 from at least one ring- shaped member 1606 such that the two are not coplanar. At least one connecting portion 1608 may extend orthogonally, or perpendicularly, as described above, both at rest (i.e., not installed upon bracket 1630) and when engaged with bracket 1630. The above-described orientation of at least one connecting portion 1608 yielded the following unexpected results: (a) elimination of distortion of body 1602 when appliance 1600 is stretched into position upon bracket 1630, and elimination of distortion of body 1602 when appliance 1600 is at rest (not installed upon bracket 1630), and (b) improved appearance of appliance 1600 and body 1602 due to lack of distortion, when viewed from the anterior position of an individual wearing appliance 1600, when appliance 1600 is installed on bracket 1630.

[00132] Orientation of at least one connecting portion 1608 in a manner inconsistent with the above-described orientations was found to result in: (a) distortion of body 1602 when appliance 1600 was engaged with bracket 1630 and/or when appliance 1600 was at rest, (b) undesirable appearance due to distortion of body 1602, (c) interference of the connecting portions with the archwire and bracket wings, in that the connecting portions contacted the archwire and/or bracket wings resulting in difficulty aligning the appliance, and (d) contact and/or an undesired level of friction between the bodies of the appliances and the ring-shaped members of the appliances, and/or between the bodies of the appliances and the bracket wings, which resulted in difficulty in aligning the appliance, wear in the appliance, and/or deformation of the appliance.

[00133] At least one connecting portion 1608 may include a length that provides a spacing S between at least one ring-shaped member 1606 and body 1602. Spacing S may be selected such that body 1602 does not directly contact at least one of at least one ring-shaped member 1606, at least one wing 1636, and archwire 1638 (i.e., so as to maintain a separation therebetween). Spacing S may be selected such that body 1602 does not directly contact any of at least one ring-shaped member 1606, at least one wing 1636, and archwire 1638. Spacing S and the length of connecting portion 1608 may have an impact on frictional characteristics of appliance 1600. Spacing S may be at least 0.1 mm. Spacing S may be at least 0.2 mm. Spacing S may be at least 0.3 mm. Spacing S may be at least 0.4 mm. Spacing S may be at least 0.5 mm. Spacing S may be at least 1.0 mm. Spacing S may be at least 1.5 mm. Spacing S may be at least 2.0 mm. Spacing S may be at least 2.5 mm. Spacing S may be between 0.1 mm and 5.0 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 0.1 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 0.2 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 0.3 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 0.4 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 0.5 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 1.0 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 1.5 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 2.0 mm. Spacing S may be at least about 2.5 mm. Spacing S may be between about 0.1 mm and about 5.0 mm. The value of spacing S may be achieved by ensuring that at least one connecting portion 1608 has a length of at least the desired spacing S, or equal to the desired spacing S. For example, where a spacing S of 1.0 mm is desired, at least one connecting portion may have a length of at least 1.0 mm, or a length of exactly 1.0 mm. The above-described spacing S yielded the following unexpected results: (a) minimizes contact and/or an undesired level of friction between body 1602 and ring-shaped member 1606, and/or between body 1602 and wings 1636, and/or between body 1602 and arch wire 1638, and (b) resulted in increased efficiency in cleaning behind appliance 1600 with a toothbrush and the like.

[00134] Failure to adhere to the above-described spacing S was found to result in: (a) contact and an undesired level of friction between body 1602 and at least one of ring-shaped member 1606, wings 1636, and arch wire 1638, which may lead to wear and/or distortion of appliance 1600, and (b) difficulty in cleaning teeth, appliance 1600, and bracket 1630 which may lead to tooth decay, buildup in plaque and/or tartar, food remaining in the appliance 1600 and bracket 1630 assembly, and the like. [00135] FIG. 17 illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance 1700 interacting with an orthodontic bracket 1730 and an archwire 1738. Appliance 1700 may include a body 1702 including a surface 1704. Appliance 1700 may include at least one ring-shaped member 1706 operatively connected to body 1702 via at least one connecting portion 1706.

[00136] Bracket 1730 may include a base 1732. Bracket 1730 may include a stanchion 1734. Bracket 1730 may include at least one wing 1736. In practice, archwire 1738 may be oriented in a slot 1731 in bracket 1730, along a horizontal axis (not shown) after which at least one ring-shaped member 1706 is oriented below at least one wing 1736 and above archwire 1738 so as to selectively arrest archwire 1738 within slot 1731. The at least one ring-shaped member 1706 may be stretched into place, such that it is in a state of tension upon application to bracket 1730. In this manner, appliance 1700 may maintain itself firmly in position until removal of it is desired. In one embodiment, at least one connecting portion 1708 attaches to at least one ring-shaped member 1706 at a point that is oriented on a vertical axis (not shown) of appliance 1700, and which is offset from the horizontal axis (not shown) along which archwire 1738 extends, as described above with respect to FIGS. 12-15.

[00137] At least one connecting portion 1708 may extend between body 1702 and at least one ring-shaped member 1706 such that at least one connecting portion 1708 is orthogonal to each. At least one connecting portion 1708 may extend between body 1702 and at least one ring-shaped member 1706 such that at least one connecting portion 1708 is non-perpendicular to one or each, but such that it still maintains offset of body 1702 from at least one ring- shaped member 1706 such that the two are not coplanar. At least one connecting portion 1708 may extend orthogonally, or perpendicularly, as described above, both at rest (i.e., not installed upon bracket 1730) and when engaged with bracket 1730. The above-described orientation of at least one connecting portion 1708 yielded the same unexpected results as described above with respect to FIG. 16.

[00138] At least one connecting portion 1708 may include a length that provides a spacing S between at least one ring-shaped member 1706 and body 1702. Spacing S may be selected such that body 1702 does not directly contact at least one of at least one ring-shaped member 1706, at least one wing 1736, and archwire 1738 (i.e., so as to maintain a separation therebetween). Spacing S may be selected such that body 1702 does not directly contact any of at least one ring-shaped member 1706, at least one wing 1736, and archwire 1738. Spacing S and the length of connecting portion 1708 may have an impact on frictional characteristics of appliance 1700. Spacing S has the same values, and yielded the same unexpected results as described above with respect to FIG. 16.

[00139] FIG. 18 illustrates an elevational view of an example embodiment of the orthodontic appliance 1800 interacting with an orthodontic bracket 1830 and an archwire 1838. Appliance 1800 may include a body 1802 including a surface 1804. Appliance 1800 may include at least one ring-shaped member 1806 operatively connected to body 1802 via at least one connecting portion 1806.

[00140] Bracket 1830 may include a base 1832. Bracket 1830 may include a stanchion 1834. Bracket 1830 may include at least one wing 1836. In practice, archwire 1838 may be oriented in a slot 1831 in bracket 1830, along a horizontal axis (not shown) after which at least one ring-shaped member 1806 is oriented below at least one wing 1836 and above archwire 1838 so as to selectively arrest archwire 1838 within slot 1831. The at least one ring-shaped member 1806 may be stretched into place, such that it is in a state of tension upon application to bracket 1830. In this manner, appliance 1800 may maintain itself firmly in position until removal of it is desired. In one embodiment, at least one connecting portion 1808 attaches to at least one ring-shaped member 1806 at a point that is directly opposite archwire 1838 when appliance 1800 is connected to bracket 1830. In one embodiment, at least one connecting portion 1808 is oriented on an axis that intersects archwire 1838 when appliance 1800 is connected to bracket 1830. At least one connecting portion 1808 may be oriented on an axis that intersects a horizontal axis (not shown), as described above with respect to FIGS. 12-15.

[00141] At least one connecting portion 1808 may extend between body 1802 and at least one ring-shaped member 1806 such that at least one connecting portion 1808 is orthogonal to each. At least one connecting portion 1808 may extend between body 1802 and at least one ring-shaped member 1806 such that at least one connecting portion 1808 is non-perpendicular to one or each, but such that it still maintains offset of body 1802 from at least one ring- shaped member 1806 such that the two are not coplanar. At least one connecting portion 1808 may extend orthogonally, or perpendicularly, as described above, both at rest (i.e., not installed upon bracket 1830) and when engaged with bracket 1830. The above-described orientation of at least one connecting portion 1808 yielded the same unexpected results as described above with respect to FIG. 16.

[00142] At least one connecting portion 1808 may include a length that provides a spacing S between at least one ring-shaped member 1806 and body 1802. Spacing S may be selected such that body 1802 does not directly contact at least one of at least one ring-shaped member 1806, at least one wing 1836, and archwire 1838 (i.e., so as to maintain a separation therebetween). Spacing S may be selected such that body 1802 does not directly contact any of at least one ring-shaped member 1806, at least one wing 1836, and archwire 1838. Spacing S and the length of connecting portion 1808 may have an impact on frictional characteristics of appliance 1800. Spacing S has the same values, and yielded the same unexpected results as described above with respect to FIG. 16. [00143] At least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 is an individual element of appliance 1600, 1700, and 1800, separate from both body 1602, 1702, and 1802, and ring- shaped member 1606, 1706, and 1806. That is, the connecting portions must extend between the body and the ring-shaped member to achieve a desired spacing S while ensuring that the ring-shaped member achieves proper engagement of the wings of the bracket to arrest the movement of the archwire. If the appliance did not include at least one connecting portion, the appliance would not achieve the desired effects as one would be unable to target a desired spacing S without enlarging the diameter of the ring-shaped member, which would result in the ring-shaped member not properly engaging the wings and arresting the movement of the archwire, as the ring-shaped member would be too large.

[00144] At least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 is substantially linear. At least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 may have a length greater than its width. At least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 may have a length at least two times greater than its width. At least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 may have a length at least three times greater than its width. The length of at least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 is measured longitudinally along the connecting portion. The width of at least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 is measured transversely across the connecting portion. At least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 may be substantially cylindrical. At least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 may be substantially cuboidal. At least one connecting portion 1608, 1708, and 1808 may connect to at least one ring-shaped member 1606, 1706, and 1806 proximal to body 1602, 1702, and 1802

[00145] FIGS. 19A, 19B, and 19C illustrate an example embodiment of an orthodontic appliance 1900. Appliance 1900 may include a body 1902. Body 1902 may include a surface 1904. Body 1902 may be operatively connected to at least one ring-shaped member 1906 via at least connecting portion 1908.

[00146] As illustrated, at least one connecting portion 1908 may be oriented on an axis that intersects the horizontal axis X of appliance 1900. At illustrated, body 1902 may be relatively narrow compared to at least one ring-shaped member 1906. At least one connecting portion 1908 may be perpendicular to at least one of body 1902 and ring-shaped member 1906. At least one connecting portion 1908 may be non-perpendicular to at least one of body 1902 and ring-shaped member 1906. At least one connecting portion 1908 may be angled relative to at least one of body 1902 and ring-shaped member 1906. However, this perpendicular, non-perpendicular, and/or angled orientation of connecting portion 1908 provides the same unexpected results as described above with respect to FIG. 16.

[00147] Various embodiments of appliances referenced above (including, without limitation, appliances 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, and 1900) recite that the at least one connecting portion may extend perpendicularly, or orthogonally, from the body and the at least one ring-shaped member of the appliance. However, the at least one connecting portion in any of the various embodiments of these appliances may extend neither perpendicularly, nor orthogonally, from the body and the at least one ring-shaped member of the appliance. Rather, the at least one connecting portion must extend between the body and the at least one ring-shaped member of the appliance when the body and the at least one ring- shaped member of the appliance are on separate planes (whether loaded or unloaded). These separate planes may be parallel planes. In this manner, the body and the at least one ring- shaped member may be on separate planes, with at least one connecting portion extending therebetween at any angle (e.g., perpendicular (90 degrees) or non-perpendicular (greater than or less than 90 degrees) and achieve the same effects as were delineated above with respect to appliances 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, and 1900. [00148] To the extent that the term "includes" or "including" is used in the specification or the claims, it is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising" as that term is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim. Furthermore, to the extent that the term "or" is employed (e.g., A or B) it is intended to mean "A or B or both." When the applicants intend to indicate "only A or B but not both" then the term "only A or B but not both" will be employed. Thus, use of the term "or" herein is the inclusive, and not the exclusive use. See Bryan A. Gamer, A Dictionary of Modem Legal Usage 624 (2d. Ed. 1995). Also, to the extent that the terms "in" or "into" are used in the specification or the claims, it is intended to additionally mean "on" or "onto." To the extent that the term "substantially" is used in the specification or the claims, it is intended to indicate a nature of an element and/or a relationship between elements within a reasonable degree of precision and tolerance as is acceptable in the relevant field of technology. To the extent that the term "selectively" is used in the specification or the claims, it is intended to refer to a condition of a component wherein a user of the apparatus may activate or deactivate the feature or function of the component as is necessary or desired in use of the apparatus. To the extent that the term "operatively connected" is used in the specification or the claims, it is intended to mean that the identified components are connected in a way to perform a designated function. As used in the specification and the claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include the plural. Finally, where the term "about" is used in conjunction with a number, it is intended to include ± 10% of the number. In other words, "about 10" may mean from 9 to 11.

[00149] As stated above, while the present application has been illustrated by the description of embodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described in considerable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants to restrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear to those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the present application. Therefore, the application, in its broader aspects, is not limited to the specific details, illustrative examples shown, or any apparatus referred to. Departures may be made from such details, examples, and apparatuses without departing from the spirit or scope of the general inventive concept.