The invention relates to a packaging material for forming a packaging for a product releasing gasses, said packaging material comprising an integrated pressure release valve and comprising a first inner film provided with a first opening and a second outer film covering the first opening, a first chamber being provided between the first inner film and the second outer film comprising the first opening, said first opening providing a gas communication between the first chamber and the interior of the packaging, said first and second films delimiting a channel being in fluid communication with the first chamber. Background

One-way gas release valves for maintaining freshness of coffee is known. The valves allow gas pressure within the container to escape, when the pressure is higher than the pressure of the ambient air. However, the holes allowing the valve to function often lead to granulate such as coffee grinds migrating through the venting hole, whereby the valve is rendered ineffective to close against the ambient air.

US 7527840 discloses a laminate and a container comprising an integrated pressure release valve. The valve comprises a chamber communicating with the interior of a container through openings provided in a first laminate. A channel is placed between the chamber and an opening provided in a second laminate covering, the chamber and the channel. In the channel, an oil comprising particles is placed. When a pressure arises inside the container, the gas will escape through the first opening, through the first chamber and the channel and out into the atmosphere through the outlet opening. In order to work properly, the opening pressure is high. This has the disadvantage that the containers will balloon before the gas escapes from the containers.

Disclosure of the Invention An aspect of the invention is to provide a packaging material that overcomes at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art or provides at least a useful alternative. According to a first aspect of the invention, a packaging material as described in the introduction is provided where the packaging material further comprises a second chamber, said channel connecting the first and the second chambers, said second chamber being delimited by the first and second films and comprising a second opening being in fluid communication with the exterior of the packaging allowing a fluid communication of gasses which enters the first chamber via the first opening to exit the first chamber and enters the second chamber via the channel, to be expelled from the packaging material via the second opening and at least one of the first or second chambers com- prising a liquid, and at least one of the first or second chambers comprising spacer means .

In accordance with the invention, the first opening, the first chamber, the channel, the second chamber and the second opening may define the one way valve of the packag- ing material.

By arranging the valve in such a manner where a fluid communication of gasses which entesr the first chamber via the first opening to exit the first chamber and enters the second chamber via the channel, to be expelled from the packaging material via the second opening it is ensured that the gasses follow a certain fluid communication path between the first opening and the second opening, ensuring that the gasses pass certain parts of the packaging material in order to ensure that the structure and/or the contents of the first chamber, channel or second chamber can control the release of the gasses, as the structure defines a valve.

When a pressure arises in the packaging, the gas will escape through the first opening into the first chamber. The liquid is present in the channel due to the flow of the liquid after it has been applied. If liquid is present in the first chamber, the pressure will press the liquid in the first chamber into the channel and further into the second chamber. Then, the gas bobbles through the liquid in the second chamber and leaves the second chamber through the second opening, whereby the pressure difference between the interior of the packaging and the ambient air is equalized. The liquid may be placed in the second chamber from the beginning or be pressed from the first chamber through the channel and into the second chamber, where the gas is released, or the liquid may only be placed in the second chamber. The liquid may also be placed in both chambers from the beginning that is during the manufacturing of the packaging material with the integrated valve. Afterwards some of the liquid will flow into the channel.

Now, the liquid runs back into the channel and thereby closes the channel and the one- way valve. Thereby, the outside air is prevented from entering the interior of the packaging. The spacer means ensures that the fluid is able to flow, and that the two sheets do not collapse, thereby preventing the flow of the fluid. The two films are spaced apart. The spacer means may be particles placed in the first and the second chamber, or it may be protrusions integrated in one or both films.

Advantageously, the spacer means is placed at least in the second chambers.

Advantageously, the liquid is oil and in order to ease the production of the packaging, the liquid may be mixed with suitable particles and placed in both chambers.

The liquid ensures that the valve is closed when the excessive pressure inside the packaging has been offset, and the spacer means/particles ensures/ensure that the valve is able to reopen by a small excess opening pressure such as 2-6 mbar. Advantageously, the liquid is silicon oil containing the small particles. The particles keep the inner and outer films spaced slightly apart, while the silicon oil prevents an open two-way-gas-connection between the first opening and the second opening.

One way of forming the chambers and the channel is by applying a print of suitable ad- hesive designing the two chambers and the channel. Advantageously, the chambers are shaped as square/rectangular areas, and the channel may be a V-shaped channel, the lower part of the V-shaped channel being placed below the bottom of the chambers nearest the bottom of the packaging. Then, the liquid containing the particles is placed in the first and the second chambers, and the second film covering at least the adhe- sive area is placed over the area, whereby the closed chambers and the closed channel are formed.

The valve is able to release pressure by low values, eg down to 2-6 mbar. This makes the valve very useful as ballooning of the packaging is avoided during degassing. By "bottom of the packaging" is to understand the part of the packaging resting at a base surface. The bottom part is placed opposite the top of the packaging.

By the term "gas" is to understand a state not being plasma, liquid or solid. It includes introduced gasses and gasses produced by products placed in the packaging.

By "packaging" is to understand items used to contain, store and transport products, such as bottles, containers, boxes, bags and pouches. The packaging may be formed in various materials of plastic or polymer and contains metallic layers when appropriate. The films mentioned may be laminates selected from the groups consisting of polyolefin, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates or combination thereof. Advantageously, the valve functions independently from the material properties. It functions due to the construction as such and the different features as claimed.

According to another aspect of the invention, the first chamber comprises a first bottom part, said bottom part being closest to a bottom of the packaging compared to the rest of the first chamber, and in that the second chamber comprises a second bottom part, said second bottom part being closest to the bottom of the packaging compared to the rest of the second chamber, the channel connecting the two bottom parts.

Thereby, the liquid is closing an inlet or an outlet of the channel or both when the pack- aging is placed in a proper position, eg when the bottom of the packaging is resting on a surface.

According to another aspect of the invention, the spacer means comprise particles, said particles being mixed in the liquid or said particles being a separate means placed at least in one of the chambers.

The easiest way of forming the space between the two films is to mix the liquid with particles of a certain size, whereby it is avoided that the two films adhere to each other, thereby preventing the liquid and/or gas to flow through the one-way valve. However, the particles may also be placed in a separate manufacturing step independent from the step for placing the liquid. According to another aspect of the invention, the channel comprises a channel part being placed in an area between the bottom of the packaging and the second bottom part, said channel part being placed closer to the bottom of the packaging compared to the placement of the first and second bottom part.

Thereby, it is ensured that the liquid runs back into the channel after the pressure alignment has taken place. In this way, the closing pressure properties of the valve are increased.

According to another aspect of the invention, the liquid comprises a fluid selected from the group consisting of oil, water or mixtures thereof or other liquids accepted for being in contact with food. According to another aspect of the invention, the particles comprise particles selected from the group consisting of powdered polymer such as polyamide, polyester, silicone or combinations thereof or mineral particles such as silica, carbon, carbon black or mixtures thereof, the size of the particle being around 10-100 μηι, preferably 40-80 μηι. According to another aspect of the invention, the channel comprises at least one recess extending at least in the entire length of the channel, said recess/recesses comprising a bottom wall, an oppositely placed top wall comprising the second film and side walls delimiting the recess. By this arrangement, the gas can flow freely. Advantageously, the recess is made by a laser beam. This has the advantages that the recess is placed very precisely in the channel area and further, that bulbs are formed at both sides of the channel by the melting that takes place. The depth of the recess is considerable deeper than the depth of the channel. The depth of the channel is the same as the depth of the chambers. Further their might be several recesses placed in the channel and placed next to each other.

According to another aspect of the invention, the recess/recesses at the top is/are delimited by longitudinal bulbs running at both sides of the recess/recesses with the top of the longitudinal bulbs being placed at a distance from and above the surface of the first film. The bulb is formed during manufacturing of the recess. A laser beam cuts the recess, whereby the material melts and forms the longitudinal bulbs at both sides of the recess or recesses. The bulbs support the function of the recess, eg ensuring the flow of the gas through the channel. The particles in the chambers may be replaced by protrusions/a bulb made by a laser beam if this is an advantage during the manufacturing of the valve. The distance from the bottom of the recess to the top of the bulb is 20-100 μηι, preferably 20-60 μηι. The width between the opposite side walls of one recess is 150-300 μπι.

According to another aspect of the invention, the recess/recesses is/are provided between the first opening and the second opening, with the gas being able to flow through said recess/recesses. According to another aspect of the invention, the first film comprises an essentially gas- impervious layer such as a metallisation layer or an EVOH layer.

According to another aspect of the invention, the second film comprises an essentially gas-impervious layer such as a metallisation layer or an EVOH layer, said second film being a separate part adhered to the outer surface of the packaging in the area where the valve is adapted to be provided.

In this case, the second film is a small part of around 2-6 cm ² being adhered to the surface of the packaging/the first film by using a proper adhesive. The adhesive pattern forms the two chambers and the channel. The perimeters of the chambers and the channel are completely coated with the adhesive except for the outlet opening placed in the second chamber. Advantageously, the second opening is a gap between the second film and the first inner film placed in the perimeter of the second film. However, it may never be placed in the second bottom part. The second film may also be trans- parent or comprising a print.

According to another aspect of the invention, the second film comprises an essentially gas-impervious layer, said second film being an integrated part of the packaging material. According to another aspect of the invention, the second opening of the second chamber is placed above an outlet of the channel, said channel being the area where the channel connects to the second chamber. Thereby, it is avoided that liquid runs out of the valve when the packaging is placed in its proper position, eg placed with the bottom of the packaging resting at a surface. The opening is not placed in a direction pointing towards the bottom of the packaging.

According to another aspect of the invention, both chambers comprise liquid mixed with particles.

Advantageously, the liquid is oil.

According to another aspect of the invention, both chambers comprise particles and/or integrated protrusions, whereby a certain distance is provided between the first and second films.

Thereby, the pressure ensures that the liquid is free to move. According to another aspect of the invention, the outlet/outlets of the recess/recesses is/are placed in the second opening of the second chamber.

According to another aspect of the invention, a packaging material is provided, wherein the channel is V-shaped and the lower area of the V-shaped channel is placed nearer to the bottom of the packaging compared to the rest of the channel.

According to another aspect of the invention, the second film is a high barrier film.

A high barrier film is a film having oxygen barrier properties of less than 1 cm3/m2/24h/1 atmosphere.

This is measured according to the standard ASTM D 3985 and at the temperature of 23° degrees and 50% relative moisture.

The first film is advantageously also a high barrier film.

The second film need not have flexible properties as is the case with the known valves. Examples of film being suitable are: Metalized PET laminated to a PE, or an OPP film vacuum coated with silicium oxide or an OPP film coated with EVOH. The second film may also comprise several layers laminated to each other.

In one embodiment the first chamber and the second chamber may be separated from each other. This means that the first chamber and the second chamber may be positioned in such a way that the first chamber is arranged at a distance from the second chamber, and where the channel is used to provide fluid communication between the two chambers. Thus, by separating the first chamber and the second chamber the two chambers do not overlap, but are positioned in separate areas of the packaging material, where both chambers may be positioned in a volume that is delimited by the first and the second film.

In one embodiment the liquid is adapted to close a fluid communication between the first opening and the second opening by entering an inlet or an outlet of the channel and thereby preventing gasses to pass the channel. The channel may be seen as having a cross sectional diameter or a size, where the cross sectional diameter defines the maximum flow through the channel. The liquid may be adapted to enter the channel, so that the high density liquid closes off a cross sectional diameter of the channel, and which means that the gasses that are present in the first chamber and/or the second chamber cannot bypass the liquid where the pressure of the gasses is limited. However, should the pressure of the gasses inside the first chamber and/or the second chamber increase, the increased pressure will allow the gasses to displace the liquid and push the liquid towards the chamber having lower pressure, and as soon as the liquid has been displaced from the channel, the gasses may pass past the liquid into the opposing chamber. When the pressure has equalized, the equilibrium between the chambers will cause the liquid to enter the channel again and close off the passage be- tween the chambers thereby the liquid Thus, the liquid may be seen as a closing mechanism for the channel and/or the valve.

The invention further comprises a method for producing a packaging material characterised in that the first film is provided with the first opening and that the method com- prises the step of applying an adhesive covering a part of said first film said step providing the first chamber and the second chamber and the channel said method fur- ther comprising placing the liquid in the first chamber and/or the second chamber/and or the channel and placing a second film covering the adhesive pattern whereby the pressure release valve is provided. According to another aspect of the invention, the method further comprises the step cutting at least one recess in a specific pattern in the first film in the area where the second film is to be placed, said recess/recesses is/are placed in the channel and the chambers, whereby the recess/recesses connect(s) the first and the second opening. According to another aspect of the invention, the spacer means are mixed into the liquid before the liquid is applied to the first film or the spacer means are provided by protruding means protruding from the first or the second film.

Brief Description of the Drawinq(s)

The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawing(s), in which

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a packaging comprising a pressure release valve according to the invention,

Fig. 2 shows a section of the packaging comprising a pressure release valve,

Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view along the line Ill-Ill in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV in Fig. 2, and

Fig. 5 shows the section shown in Fig. 2 after a pressure release has taken place and the liquid in the valve has floated into the channel Detailed description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a packaging 2 formed in an appropriate packaging material 1 comprising a pressure release valve 3 according to the invention. The packaging includes a bottom 34 of the packaging 2 and an oppositely placed top 35, where the packaging 2 is opened for access to products inside the packaging 2. The top 35 and the bottom 34 are connected by lateral walls 36. The pressure release valve 3 ac- cording to the invention is placed at one of the lateral walls 36, in this case near the top 35 of the packaging 2.

Fig. 2 shows a section of the packaging 2 comprising a pressure release valve 3. The valve 3 comprises a first inner film 4, said film enclosing and being in contact with the product inside the packaging 2. An adhesive 24 is placed at the outer surface of the first inner film 4 making a pattern for the valve 3. The adhesive 24 is placed in such a way that the perimeter of a first chamber 7, a second chamber 9 and a channel 8 connecting the two chambers is formed.

The first chamber 7 is rectangular/square, but may have any form. It comprises a first bottom part 15 being the part of the chamber placed closest to the bottom 34 of the packaging 2. In the middle of the first chamber 7, small openings are provided forming a first opening 5, whereby a gas communication between the interior of the packaging 2 and the first chamber 7 is obtained.

The first film comprises an essentially gas-impervious layer such as a metallisation lay- er or an EVOH layer and a laminate comprising a polymer selected from groups such as polyolefin, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylene or combination thereof.

The first film could also comprise an aluminium layer or metallization layers in general.

The second chamber 9 is also rectangular/square, but may have any form. It comprises a second bottom part 17 being the part of the chamber placed closest to the bottom 34 of the packaging 2. Opposite the second bottom part 17, an outlet opening is provided forming a second opening 10. The outlet opening could also be placed at the vertical sides of the second chamber or by perforation in the second film covering the second chamber. The second openingl O provides gas communication between the second chamber 9 and the exterior 1 1 of the packaging 2.

The channel 8 is V-shaped comprising a channel part 18 being the lowermost part of the V-shaped channel. The channel part 18 is placed below the first 15 and the second 17 bottom parts. The channel 8 connects the two chambers 7, 9 and comprises a channel inlet 37 and a channel outlet 38. The channel inlet 37 is connected to the first bottom part 15, and the channel outlet 38 is connected to the second bottom part 17. In the first 7 and the second 9 chambers, spacer means 13 such as particles 14 are placed. The size of the particles 14 is around 10-100μηι, preferably 40-80μηι The particles are selected from the group consisting of powdered polymer such as polyamide, polyester, silicone or combinations thereof, or minor particles such as silica, carbon, carbon black or mixtures. The purpose of the particles is to ensure a distance between the first film 4 and the second film 6 placed over the first film 4 in the area where the adhesive, the chambers and the channel are placed. The second film 6 forms the "ceiling" in the chambers and thereby, the channel covers the components in question. The second film 6 is laminates selected from groups consisting of polyolefin, polyamides, polyesters, polypropylene or combinations thereof having the size of around 2-6 cm ² .

Further, the valve 3 comprises a liquid 12 such as oil or water or a combination thereof. Advantageously, the particles are mixed into the liquid and placed in the first 7 and the second 9 chambers. However, the liquid 12 needs to be placed only in the first chamber 7, or the second chamber 9 or the channel 8. The important thing is that the valve 3 comprises enough liquid 12, eg at least 2 μΙ, to ensure sufficient closure of the one-way valve 3. Then, the easiest way of making the valve is to place the liquid 12, including the particles 14, in both chambers.

The spacer means 13 may also be protrusions placed in the chambers, said spacer means being an integrated part of the films. The spacer means 13 ensures that certain distances between the two films are present during the use of the valve. 3 The channel 8 may have several shapes. It may be W-shaped, straight or curved. However, it should comprise a channel part 18 being at least placed below the second bottom part 17 of the second chamber 9.

In the channel 8, an unbroken, continuous recess 31 is provided, said recess extending from the first opening 5 in the first chamber 7 to the second chamber 9 and further to the second opening 10. The recess 31 is provided by a laser beam or similar and makes a deep gap connection between the two openings 5, 10. The recess 31 increases the possibility of the gas flowing through the valve 3. The liquid 12 ensures that the valve 3 is closed when the excessive pressure inside the packaging has been offset, and the particles 14 ensure that the valve 3 is able to reopen by a small excess opening pressure such as 2-6 mbar. Advantageously, the liquid 12 is silicon oil containing the small particles. The particles 14 keep the inner and outer film slightly spaced apart, while the silicon oil prevents an open two-way-gas-connection between the first opening and the second opening.

The valve 3 opens when the packed food product generates a specific excess pressure in the first chamber 7 the packaging by. The gas escapes from the first chamber 7 through the inlet opening 37 of the channel 8, through the channel 8 and the outlet 38 of the channel 8 further into the second chamber 9 and further through the second opening 10. Thereby, the inner pressure is reduced, and the valve 3 closes sealably and prevents ambient air from entering the first chamber 7 due to the channel 8 being filled with the liquid 12, thereby providing a sealing impassable by the ambient air.

The valve 3 has the advantage of functioning independently from the material proper- ties. It functions due to the construction as such and the various features incorporated.

Instead of using particles as spacer means, it is possible to use protrusions protruding from the first film or the second film or from both, said protrusions protruding into the chambers in question.

Fig 3 shows a cross-sectional view along the line Ill-Ill in Fig. 2 and shows the channel 8 before gas has been released. The channel is provided with at least one recess 31 placed in the middle of the channel 8. The depth of the recess is measured between the bottom wall 32 of the recess and the top of the recess 31 . The bottom wall 32 of the recess 31 is below the bottom 21 of the channel 8. The top of the recess is defined as a top 39 of two longitudinal bulbs 28, said longitudinal bulbs 28 running at both sides of the recess 31 . The top 39 of the longitudinal bulbs is placed 10-30μηι above the surface 20 of the first film 4. The recess 31 is extending at least in the entire length of the channel 8. Advantageously, the recess 31 is provided between the first opening 5 and the second opening 10. The recess 31 comprises the bottom wall 32 and the side walls 33 delimiting the recess 31 . The distance from the bottom wall 32 of the recess to the top of the bulbs is 20-100 μηι, preferably 20-60 μηι. The width between the opposite side walls 33 of the recess 31 is 150-300 μπι. At the top 39 of the bulbs 28, the second film 6 is resting against the top 39 with the inner surface 40 of the second outer film 6, or it is a bit spaced from said top.

The first inner film 4 is a laminate comprising a first layer 41 (such as (PE or PP) and a second layer 42 (such as or oriented PET, PP or PA) and therebetween a third layer 43 (such as metalized polyester). The layers are glued to each other.

The inner film may comprise on, two or several layers. Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view along the line IV-IV in Fig. 2 and a cross section of the first 7 and the second 9 chambers. The first chamber 7 is in gas communication with the interior of the packaging through the first opening 5. A product 44 inside the packaging 2 produces gas which escapes the interior of the packaging through said opening 5 and arrives at the first chamber 7. The gas presses the liquid in the first chamber 7 through the channel 8 (not shown). The recess 31 begins at the first opening 5 and continues through the channel 8 and further into the second chamber 9. The chambers 7, 9 are delimited by the first inner film 4 providing a first side 45 in the chambers and by the second outer film 6 providing an oppositely placed second side 46, while the side walls 47 of the chambers 7, 9 are formed by the second outer film 6 adhering to the outer surface of the first film 4. The particles 14 make a space between said films which helps the flow of liquid 12.

Fig. 5 shows the same section as shown in Fig. 2, but after a pressure release has taken place, and the liquid 12 in the valve 3 has floated into the channel 8. The liquid 12 fills the V-shaped channel 8, whereby the ambient air is prevented from entering the interior of the packaging. The spacer means 13, ie particles 14, ensures that a certain distance is formed between the first inner film 4 and the second outer film 6. The particles 14 stay where they are placed; only the liquid 12 flows. The oil runs down into the lowermost part of the channel - eg the channel part 18 - and fills it up from there. Thereby, the valve 3 is closed. The arrow denoted 35 shows the position of the top of the packaging.

When a new positive pressure arises inside the packaging, the gas flows out of the first opening into the first chamber, where the particles are present and ensure that the first film and the second film are spaced apart. Then, the gas bobbles through the liquid now placed in the channel, and further into the second chamber, where the particles are present and also ensure that the first and second film are spaced apart. Liquid is pressed into the second chamber by the gas. By this construction, it is possible for the gas to escape the valve even when the excess pressure is quite low, eg around 2-6 mbar. The gas leaves the packaging through the second opening. Now, the liquid flows back into the channel, and the valve is ready again for handling a new excess pressure.

List of references

1 packaging material

2 packaging

3 pressure release valve

4 first inner film

5 first opening

6 second outer film

7 first chamber

8 channel

9 second chamber

10 second opening

1 1 exterior of the packaging

12 liquid

13 spacer means

14 particles or protrusions

15 first bottom part

17 second bottom part

18 channel part

20 surface of the first film

21 bottom

24 adhesive

27 sides of the channel

28 longitudinal bulb

32 recess bottom wall

33 recess walls

34 bottom of the packaging

35 top of the packaging

36 lateraled walls

37 channel inlet

38 channel outlet

39 top of bulbs

40 inner surface of second outer film first layer second layer third layer product first side second side side walls