PARTIALLY COLLAPSIBLE AND PARTIALLY EXPANDABLE DUNNAGE SYSTEM FOR USE IN A HORIZONTAL DISPENSING CONTAINER

Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to dunnage for use in shipping

containers, and more particularly, to dunnage which is partially collapsible

and partially expandable inside a horizontal dispensing container.

5 Background of the Invention

A large number of different container structures are utilized by

manufacturers to ship a variety of different products to end users, which

may be, for example, assembly plants. In the automobile industry for

example, an assembly plant assembling a particular automobile might utilize

I O a number of different parts from different manufacturers. These

manufacturers ship their respective parts to the assembly plant in container

structures where the parts are then removed from dunnage inside the

container structure and assembled into a finished automobile.

Access to the product in the containers is of particular

concern. Specifically, in the automotive industry, the containers full of

product are positioned on an assembly line adjacent to a work area which is

associated with a particular product to be installed on a manufactured

vehicle. For example, a container full of interior door panels is usually

positioned next to a particular station on an assembly line where interior

door panels are installed so that a line worker may easily access the door

panels inside the container. The product or part is taken directly from the

container and used on the line. Some existing containers are difficult to

access which makes removal of the parts therein difficult and time

consuming. As may be appreciated, a line worker only has a certain amount

of time to install a part. Any delay in access and removal of the part from

the container is undesirable.

For easy access, containers may be designed to be entered

from the side, as opposed to the top, so that a user or line worker may

remove parts horizontally rather than vertically. Horizontal removal of parts

may be easier for an assembly line worker than vertical removal of parts,

especially if the process is repeated many times. U.S. Patent Nos.

6,230,916; 6,062,410 and 6,540,096, all owned by the assignee and fully

incorporated herein, disclose reusable horizontal dispensing containers

having integral dunnage. The repetitive motion of accessing parts to install

on a finished product such as an automobile should not be difficult or

straining to a line worker since it must be done many times during a shift.

in many containers, a line worker or employee inserts or

removes parts from a lower or bottom part of the container. This movement

by the line worker is known in the industry as "pearl diving" because the

line worker must lean forward and bend down into the container to insert or

5 remove a part or work piece from the bottom of the container. This

movement is necessary with most top loading containers.

Depending upon the number of times the line worker repeats

this motion of "pearl diving" into the interior of the container, strain in the

back, legs and arms may result. The size and/or weight of the parts or work

I O pieces may increase the strain on the line worker. Thus, "pearl diving' may

cause physical trauma, pain and other injuries that may lead to lost

production time.

Several devices have been developed for use in containers in

order to reduce the frequency of "pear diving" by an employee. For

1 5 example, U.S. Patent No. 6,450,360 discloses a spring-loaded tube

assembly which raises the parts located on a platform inside a container to

a location in which the worker need not "pearl dive" to insert or remove

parts from the container.

Related U.S. Patent Nos. 5,626,206; 6,035,973 and

20 6,044,932 disclose devices for ergonomically removing parts from a

container which uses constant rate coil springs to raise a platform on which

the parts reside. The coil springs have spring constants chosen to

correspond to the weight of the parts inside the container. One drawback of

these ergonomic devices is that a platform must be used in the containers.

Another drawback of these ergonomic devices is that with repeated use

over time, the coil springs may wear out and fail to function properly.

Accordingly, there is a need for a collapsible and expandable

dunnage system for use in a horizontal dispensing container which prevents

employees from "pearl diving".

There is further a need for a collapsible and expandable

dunnage system for use in a horizontal dispensing container which may

designed for a particular application.

There is further a need for a collapsible and expandable

dunnage system for use in a horizontal dispensing container to bring

product into an ergonomically friendly area or zone.

Summary of the Invention

The present invention is directed to a partially collapsible and

partially expandable dunnage system for use in a horizontal dispensing

container. One horizontal dispensing container which may be used in

accordance with the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Patent No.

6,540,096, which is fully incorporated herein. Another horizontal

dispensing container which may be used with the present invention is

disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/761 ,013 filed January

20, 2004, which is fully incorporate by reference herein. However, the

present invention may be used in accordance with any horizontal dispensing

container. The horizontal dispensing container may allow access from one

side or from opposite sides of the container.

The present invention provides a dunnage system for use in a

horizontal dispensing container. A portion of the dunnage expands or

collapses depending upon the combined weight of product located inside

cells or compartments of the dunnage. The dunnage is made of a flexible

material and comprises at least one vertically oriented column of

compartments or cells. In one preferred embodiment, the dunnage

comprises only one column of compartments. In another preferred

embodiment, the dunnage comprises multiple integral columns of

compartments. Each compartment is defined by a pair of sidewalls, an

upper wall and a lower wall. The dunnage of the present invention may

assume other configurations or designs with departing from the spirit of the

invention.

A plurality of constant force springs are additional components

of the dunnage system of the present invention. Each of the constant force

springs is movable between an extended position or condition and a

collapsed position or condition and is partially wrapped around a brace,

even when extended. Each of the constant force springs is selected to

expand when a predetermined amount of force is applied to the spring. The

constant force springs may be any desired width and may be made of any

material such as stainless steel, for example. One manufacturer of such

constant force springs is Vulcan Spring. See www.vulcanspring.com.

In one preferred embodiment, the collapsible, expandable

dunnage system further comprises supports extending between opposite

sides of the horizontal dispensing container for supporting the dunnage.

The supports may extend from side to side or from back to front of the

horizontal dispensing container, depending upon the desired application. The

supports are preferably located proximate the top of the container;

however, they may be located in any desired location. The partially

collapsible, partially expandable dunnage may be partly or entirely supported

from one or more of such supports. In one preferred embodiment, the

supports for supporting the dunnage may be integral with a removable

cover of the container.

The collapsible, expandable dunnage system of the present

invention further comprises braces extending between opposite sides of the

horizontal dispensing container. The braces may extend from side to side or

from back to front of the horizontal dispensing container, depending upon

the desired application. The braces are preferably located proximate the top

of the container; however, they may be located in any desired location.

Each of the constant rate springs is at least partially wrapped around one of

these braces. In one preferred embodiment, the braces are cylindrical rods

around which the constant rate springs are wrapped. The constant force

springs are more fully wrapped around the braces when in their collapsed

position compared to when the constant force spring are in their extended

position. In one preferred embodiment, the braces for supporting the

constant rate springs may be integral with a removable cover of the

container.

One method of using the partially collapsible, partially

expandable dunnage system of the present invention comprises first loading

or filling the dunnage with product or parts. When the dunnage

compartments are empty, the dunnage is partially collapsed in a partially

collapsed condition. In this condition, only select compartments, i.e. the

lower compartments of a column of compartments are accessible to the

user. The other compartments above the exposed, accessible compartments

are collapsed and therefore unaccessible. Due to the effect of the constant

force springs on the dunnage, the exposed dunnage compartments available

for loading are in an ergonomically friendly area or zone in which the user

need not "pear dive" or bend over to insert parts into the open or exposed

dunnage compartments. Therefore, the user is able to insert product or

parts into exposed compartments which are located in this ergonomically

friendly area or zone. The user may choose to begin loading parts into the

exposed compartments starting at the bottom or lower most compartment

and working his or her way up. Alternative methods of filling these exposed

compartments located in this ergonomically friendly area or zone may

utilized if desired.

When the combined weight of the parts or products in the

compartments exceeds a predetermined value, the constant force springs

partially expand to the extent permitted by the length of the columns of

dunnage. The combined force exerted on the constant force springs by the

combined weight of the product or parts causes this partial expansion of

the constant force springs. The constant force springs do not fully expand,

they partially expand and partially contract or wrap around one of the

braces. When the constant force springs expand to their expanded

condition, the dunnage is move downwardly, thereby causing the previously

collapsed cells or compartments to open above the compartments already

filled with product. With the dunnage now more fully expanded, additional

parts or product may be inserted into the newly exposed compartments in

the same ergonomically friendly area or zone in which the user had earlier

loaded parts or products. Thus, the user need not "pear dive" or bend over

to insert parts into the open dunnage compartments. The filled

compartments move downwardly out of the ergonomically friendly loading

zone.

To unload a horizontal dispensing container filled with parts or

product located in the dunnage compartments, the user removes parts or

products in the ergonomically friendly zone or area. The user need not bend

over to attempt to remove parts or products from compartments

therebelow.

When the combined weight of the parts or products remaining

in the compartments exceeds a predetermined value, the constant force

springs partially collapse or wrap more around the braces due to the lack of

force being exerted on them by the product or parts. The force being

exerted on the constant force springs is less than a threshhold value

required to keep the constant force springs expanded. When the constant

force springs partially collapse to their collapsed condition, the dunnage

raises or moves upwardly, thereby collapsing or closing previously open or

exposed cells or compartments above the compartments therebelow still

filled with product. With the dunnage now partially collapsed, additional

parts or product may be removed from the compartments in the same

ergonomically friendly area or zone in which the user had earlier unloaded

products from the compartments now collapsed.

One advantage of the present invention is that product may be

either inserted or removed from dunnage inside a horizontal dispensing

container in an ergonomically friendly area or zone which does not strain the

user's back or legs.

Another advantage of the present invention is that the

dunnage may be partially collapsed during shipment inside a horizontal

dispensing container.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The objectives and features of the present invention will

become more readily apparent when the following detailed description of

the drawings is taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in

which:

FIG. 1 is a partially disassembled perspective view of a

horizontal dispensing container with one preferred embodiment of dunnage

system of the present invention therein;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one of the constant force

springs of the dunnage system of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG. 1

in an expanded position and fully loaded;

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG.

3A in an expanded position showing a second part being removed;

FIG. 3C is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG.

3A in an expanded position showing a third part being removed;

5 FIG. 3D is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG. 1

in an expanded position partially collapsing after a third part is removed;

FIG. 3E is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG. 1

in a partially collapsed position showing the remaining parts being removed;

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of the dunnage system shown in

I O FIG. 1 in a partially collapsed position showing two parts being inserted

therein;

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG. 1

in a partially collapsed position showing a third part being inserted into a

third compartment of the dunnage system;

1 5 FIG. 4C is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG. 1

expanding after the third part is inserted into the third compartment;

FIG. 4D is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG. 1

in an expanded position, the top two compartments being empty;

FIG. 4E is a perspective view of the dunnage system of FIG. 1

20 in an expanded position showing the remaining compartments being filled;

and

FIG. 5 is a perspective view an alternative embodiment of

dunnage system in accordance with the present invention in an expanded

position.

Detailed Description of the Drawings

Referring to FIG. 1 , there is illustrated a horizontal dispensing

container 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The

horizontal dispensing container 10 comprises comprising an injection

5 molded base 12, a removable cover 14, three vertically oriented walls 16a,

16b, and 16c, and a generally rectangular frame 18 on a fourth side of the

container 10 which is secured to two of the walls 16a and 16c. The

generally rectangular frame 18 defines a fourth wall 20 having an opening

22 therein for access to the interior 24 of the horizontal dispensing

I O container 10. The cover 14 is removably secured on top of the container

walls 16a, 16b and 16c and generally rectangular frame 18. This container

is fully disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 10/761 ,013 which is

fully incorporated herein. Although one type of horizontal dispensing

container 10 is illustrated and described, the present invention may be used

15 in any type of horizontal dispensing container including a horizontal

dispensing container which is accessible from opposite sides.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the invention comprises a dunnage

system 26 including dunnage 28 which is partially collapsible and partially

expandable to ensure that a worker removing and/or inserting products from

10 the horizontal dispensing container 10 does not unnecessarily strain his or

her back and/or other muscles or joints. The present invention vertically

moves the dunnage to an ergonomically friendly zone or area for loading or

unloading product depending upon a number of factors explained below.

The partially collapsible, partially expandable dunnage 28 is

formed of a flexible material such as known plastics, i.e. polyethylene,

polypropylene or polyester, for example. The dunnage 28 is used for storing

and/or transporting products 30. Although one configuration of product 30

is illustrated, the dunnage 28 may be used to store or transport any other

configuration or type of product. Depending upon the type and number of

product to be transported in the dunnage, the dunnage may assume

numerous shapes or configurations. The present invention is not intended to

be limited to the preferred embodiments illustrated and described below.

The dunnage 28 illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3E and 4A-4E

comprises two columns 32 (one shown in phantom) of compartments or

cells 34, each column 32 being independently partially collapsible and

partially expandable. Each column 32 has a height H, a width W and a

depth D. Although two columns 32 are illustrated, the dunnage 28 of the

present invention may include any number of independently adjustable

columns 32 of dunnage. For purposes of simplicity the operation of only

one column 32 will be illustrated and described.

Each column 32 of dunnage 28 has five compartments 34a,

34b, 34c, 34d and 34e, each compartment having an opening 72 through

which product 30 may be inserted or removed. Each column 32 of dunnage

28 has an upper or top wall 36, a bottom or lower wall 38 and a pair of

sidewalls 40. Internal walls 42 extending between the sidewalls 40 define

each of the compartments 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d and 34e. Although five

compartments are illustrated per column 32, each column 32 may have any

number of compartments without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The dunnage system 26 further comprises a support 44 for

supporting the dunnage 28 inside the interior 24 of the horizontal

5 dispensing container 10. The support 44 is preferably secured inside the

horizontal dispensing container 10 proximate the top of the container 10.

However, the support 44 may be located at any desired location in the

horizontal dispensing container 10 and secured in place in any desired

manner.

I O As shown In FIGS. 3A-3E and 4A-4E, each column 32 of

compartments 34 is independently supported by the support 44. The

support 44 includes at least one support bar 46 extending between and

secured to two cross support bars 48. More particularly, each support bar

46 extends through a support pouch 50 integrally formed in the column 32

15 of compartments 34. Other methods and/or structures for supporting the

columns 32 of dunnage 28 such as multiple rods (not shown) extending

between opposite walls of the container may be used in accordance with

the present invention.

The dunnage system 26 further comprises braces 52 in the

!0 form of cylindrical rods extending between the cross support bars 38 for

supporting constant force springs 54, one of which is shown in detail in

FIG. 2. Although one configuration of brace 52 is illustrated, other

configurations or designs of braces 52 may be used in accordance with the

present invention.

In the embodiment shown In FIGS. 3A-3E and 4A-4E, each

column 32 of compartments 34 has a pair of constant force springs 54

acting thereon to partially collapse and/or partially expand the column 32 of

dunnage 28. Each of the constant force springs 54 is partially wrapped

around one of the braces 52 as shown in FIG. 3A. However, any number of

constant force springs 54 may be used to partially expand and/or partially

contract the dunnage 28 in accordance with the present invention.

As seen in FIG. 2, a first end 56 of each constant force spring

54 has a hole 58 therethrough for securing the first end 56 of the constant

force spring 54 to a sidewall 40 of a column 32 of dunnage 28 as shown in

FIG. 3A. A fastener such as a screw or rivet 60 is passed through the hole

58 in the constant force spring 54 and the sidewall 40 of the column 32 of

dunnage 28 to secure the first end 56 of the constant force spring 54 to

the column 32 of dunnage 28 at an attachment point 62. See FIG. 3A.

However, any other method or device for securing the constant force

springs 54 to the dunnage 28 may be used.

As seen in FIG. 3A, the attachment point 62 is located

between an outside upper edge 64 and the outside lower edge 66 of a

column 32 of dunnage 28. In the preferred embodiment shown in the

drawings, the attachment point 62 is located between the second and third

compartments 34b, 34c. However, depending upon the desired application,

the attachment points 62 may be at other desired locations. As shown in

FIG. 3A, holders 53 secured to the sidewall 40 of the column 32 help hold

each of the constant force springs 54 along the sidewall 40 of the column

32. Any number of holders 53 may be used, depending upon the desired

application.

As shown in FIG. 2, each constant force spring 54 is a non-

coil spring and has a uniform width W1 defined as the linear distance

5 between the outer edges 68 of the constant force spring 54. The inherent

tendency of the constant force spring 54 is to wrap in the manner shown in

FIG. 2 to define an interior passage 70 through which one of the braces 52

passes. See FIG. 3A. As shown in FIG. 3A, each of the constant force

springs 54 has a predetermined length (if fully expanded) much greater than

I O the linear distance between the brace 52 around which the constant force

spring 54 is wrapped and the attachment point 62. Consequently, the

degree to which the constant force spring 54 is expanded is limited by the

height H of the column 32 of dunnage 28 and the location of the

attachment point 62. In the preferred embodiments of the present

I 5 invention, the constant force spring 54 is never fully expanded, a portion of

it is always wrapped around one of the braces 52. However, if desired, the

other end of the constant force spring 54 may be permanently secured to

the brace 52, in which case the constant force spring 54 could fully

expand.

ZO FIGS. 3A-3E illustrate the method of unloading products 30

from a loaded dunnage column 32. For purposes of simplicity, the horizontal

dispensing container 10 is omitted from FIGS. 3A-3E. FIG. 3A illustrates a

column 32 of dunnage 28, each of the compartments 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d

and 34e being loaded or filled with a product 30. If desired, multiple

products 30 may be located in one or more of the compartments 34.

For purposes of example only, each of the products 30 has a

weight of 2 pounds. As shown in FIG. 3A, because there are five

compartments 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d and 34e, each filled with one product

30 weighing two pounds, the combined weight of a fully filled or loaded

column 32 is 10 pounds. For purposes of example only, each of the

constant force springs 34 has 2.5 pound force necessary to partially extend

the constant force spring 34. Because two constant force springs 34 are

secured to the sidewalls 40 of a column 32 of dunnage 28, the combined

force necessary to partially expand the constant force springs 34 and

consequently partially expand the column 32 of dunnage 28 is five pounds.

Due to the combined weight of the products 30 in the

compartments 32 (ten pounds) exceeding the five pound threshold force

required to partially extend the two constant force springs 34 secured to

the column 32 of dunnage 28, the column 32 of dunnage 28 is fully

expanded in FIG. 3A. Both of the constant force springs 34 are therefore,

partially expanded with a portion of each constant force spring 54 still being

wrapped around one of the braces 52.

FIG. 3A illustrates a first product 30a being removed from the

uppermost or top compartment 34a through an opening 72 in the

compartment 34a. After product 30a has been removed, the combined

weight of the four products 30b, 30c, 3Od and 3Oe remaining in the column

32 is 8 pounds. Because the combined weight of the remaining products

30b, 30c, 3Od and 3Oe (eight pounds) in the compartments 32b, 32c, 32d

and 32e exceeds the five pound threshold force required to partially extend

the two constant force springs 34 secured to the column 32 of dunnage

28, the column 32 of dunnage 28 is fully expanded in FIG. 3A. Both of the

5 constant force springs 34 are therefore, partially expanded with a portion of

each constant force spring 54 still being wrapped around one of the braces

52.

FIG. 3B illustrates another two pound product 30b being

removed from compartment 34b through an opening 72 in the compartment

I O 34b. After product 30b has been removed, the combined weight of product

remaining in the column 32 of dunnage 28 is six pounds, two pounds each

for products 30c, 3Od and 3Oe. Because the combined weight of the

remaining products 30c, 3Od and 3Oe (six pounds) in the compartments

32b, 32c, 32d and 32e exceeds the five pound threshold force required to

1 5 partially extend the two constant force springs 34 secured to the column

32 of dunnage 28, the column 32 of dunnage 28 is fully expanded in FIG.

3B. Both of the constant force springs 34 are therefore, partially expanded

with a portion of each constant force spring 54 still being wrapped around

one of the braces 52.

10 FIG. 3C illustrates another two pound product 30c being

removed from compartment 34c through an opening 72 in the compartment

34c. After product 30c has been removed, the combined weight of product

remaining in the column 32 of dunnage 28 is four pounds, two pounds each

for products 3Od and 3Oe.

FIG. 3D illustrates the column 32 of dunnage 28 partially

collapsing upwardly in the direction of arrows 74 because the combined

weight of the remaining products 3Od and 30e (four pounds) in the

compartments 32d and 32e is less than the five pound threshold force

I required to partially extend the two constant force springs 34 secured to

the column 32 of dunnage 28. During this process of partial collapsing of

the column 32 of dunnage 28 shown in FIGS. 3D and 3E, each of the

constant force springs 34 lifts or acts on the column 32 and further wraps

around one of the braces 52.

As shown in FIG. 3E, due to the further wrapping of the

constant force springs 54 around braces 52, the compartments 34a and

34b located above the attachment points 62 (where the ends 56 of the

constant force springs 54 are secured to the sidewalls 40 of the column 32

of dunnage 28) collapse so they are no longer accessible. Compartments

34d, 34d and 34e located below the attachment points 62 do not collapse

but are raised upward into an ergonomically friendly area or zone. This

ergonomically friendly zone is typically between the waist and shoulders of

a worker but is not restricted to any defined zone or area. Because product

30c has already been removed from compartment 34c, compartment 34c is

empty when the column 32 of dunnage 28 is collapsed as much as it will

collapse due to the location of the attachment points 62. FIG. 3E illustrates

products 3Od and 3Oe being removed from compartments 34d and 34e.

Even when products 3Od and 3Oe are removed and all of the compartments

34a-34e are empty, the column 32 of dunnage 28 will not further collapse

due to the location of the attachment points 62 of the constant force

springs 54 to the dunnage sidewalls 40.

The degree to which any column 32 of dunnage 28 of the

present invention may be collapsed or expanded depends upon the number

of compartments 34 within the column 32 and the location of the

attachment points 62 of the constant force springs 54 to the dunnage

sidewalls 40.

FIGS. 4A-4E illustrate the method of loading products 30 into

an empty, partially collapsed column 32 of dunnage 28. For purposes of

simplicity, the horizontal dispensing container 10 is omitted from FIGS. 4A-

4E. FIG. 4A illustrates a column 32 of dunnage 28 in a partially collapsed

condition, each of the compartments 34a, 34b, 34c, 34d and 34e being

empty and compartments 30a and 30b being collapsed. If desired, multiple

products 30 may be loaded into any one or more of the compartments 34.

FIG. 4A illustrates products 3Od' and 3Oe' being inserted into

the two lowermost or bottom compartments 34d, 34e through openings 72

in the compartments 34d, 34e. See arrows 76. The compartment 34c

remains empty. After products 3Od' and 3Oe' have been inserted, the

combined weight of the two products 3Od' and 30e'in the column 32 is

four pounds, two pounds each. Because the combined weight of these two

products 3Od' and 3Oe' (four pounds) in the compartments 34d and 34e

is less than the five pound threshold force required to partially extend the

two constant force springs 34 secured to the column 32 of dunnage 28,

the column 32 of dunnage 28 remains partially collapsed as shown in FIG.

4A. Both of the constant force springs 34 are therefore, partially collapsed

with a portion of each constant force spring 54 wrapped around one of the

braces 52.

FIG. 4B illustrates another two pound product 30c' being

5 inserted into compartment 34c through an opening 72 in the compartment

34c in the direction of arrow 78. After product 30c' has been inserted, the

combined weight of products in the column 32 of dunnage 28 is six

pounds, two pounds each for products 30c', 3Od' and 3Oe'. Because

the combined weight of the products 30c', 3Od' and 3Oe' (six pounds) in

I O the compartments 32c, 32d and 32e exceeds the five pound threshold

force required to partially extend the two constant force springs 34 secured

to the column 32 of dunnage 28, both of the constant force springs 34

partially expand with a portion of each constant force spring 54 still being

wrapped around one of the braces 52. See FIG. 4C.

15 FIG. 4C illustrates the column 32 of dunnage 28 partially

expanding downwardly in the direction of arrows 80 thereby causing

compartments 34e and 34d to drop downwardly and compartments 34a

and 34b to expand or open. During this process of partial expanding of the

column 32 of dunnage 28 shown in FIGS. 4C and 4D, each of the constant

10 force springs 34 acting on the column 32 unwraps to a certain extent from

around one of the braces 52.

FIG. 4D illustrates the column 32 of dunnage 28 in a partially

expanded condition because the combined weight of the products 30c',

3Od' and 3Oe' in the compartments 34c, 34d and 34e (six pounds)

exceeds the five pound threshold force required to partially extend the two

constant force springs 34 secured to the column 32 of dunnage 28. The

extent to which the constant force springs 34 are extended is limited by the

height H of the column 32 of dunnage 28 along with the location of the

attachment points 62 of the constant force springs 34 to the dunnage 28.

See FIG. 4D. When the column 32 of dunnage 28 is expanded as shown in

FIG. 4D, compartments 34a and 34b are no longer collapsed but instead

open or accessible for parts to be inserted therein. Both of the constant

force springs 34 are partially expanded with a portion of each constant

force spring 54 still being wrapped around one of the braces 52.

FIG. 4E illustrates two additional products 30a' and 30b'

being inserted into newly opened or exposed compartments 34a and 34b

through openings 72 in the direction of arrows 82. These additional

products 30a' and 30b' are loaded in the ergonomically friendly area or

zone in which products may be easily loaded.

An alternative preferred embodiment of the present invention is

illustrated in FIG. 5. In this preferred embodiment, the partially collapsible,

partially expandable dunnage system 26' comprises dunnage 28' used for

storing and/or transporting products 30 as described above. The dunnage

28' comprises two columns 32' of integrally connected compartments or

cells 34 separated by an internal divider 84. In this preferred embodiment,

each column 32' is not independently partially collapsible and partially

expandable. However, the dunnage 28' as a whole is partially collapsible

and partially expandable. The dunnage 28" has a height H', a width W

and a depth D'. Although two adjoining connected columns 32' are

illustrated, the dunnage 28' of the present invention may include any

number of integrally connected columns 32' of dunnage.

Each column 32' of dunnage 28' has four compartments

34a', 34b', 34c', and 34d', each compartment having an opening 72'

through which product 30 may be inserted or removed. The dunnage 28'

has an upper or top wall 36', a bottom or lower wall 38' and a pair of outer

sidewalls 40'. Internal horizontal walls 42' extending between the outer

sidewalls 40' along with internal vertical divider 84 define eight

compartments, compartments 34a'- 34d' being in one column 32' and

compartments 34e'- 34h' being in another column 32'. Although four

compartments are illustrated per column 32", each column 32' may have

any number of compartments without departing from the spirit of the

invention.

The dunnage system 26' further comprises a support 44' for

supporting the dunnage 28' inside a horizontal dispensing container (not

shown). The support 44' is preferably secured inside the horizontal

dispensing container (not shown) proximate the top of the container.

However, the support 44' may be located at any desired location in the

horizontal dispensing container and in any desired manner.

As shown In FIG 5, each column 32' of compartments 34' is

independently supported by a portion of the support 44'. The support 44'

includes a support bar 46' extending between and secured to two cross

support bars 48' . More particularly, each support bar 46' extends through a

support pouch 50' integrally formed in the column 32" of compartments

34'. Other methods and/or structures for supporting the columns 32' of

dunnage 28' such as multiple rods (not shown) extending between opposite

walls of the container may be used in accordance with the present

invention.

The dunnage system 26' further comprises braces 52' in the

form of cylindrical rods extending between the cross support bars 38' for

supporting constant force springs 54', one of which is shown in detail in

FIG. 2. Although one configuration of brace 52' is illustrated, other

configurations or designs of braces 52' may be used in accordance with the

present invention.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the dunnage 28' has a

pair of constant force springs 54' acting thereon to partially collapse and/or

partially expand the dunnage 28' . Each of the constant force springs 54' is

partially wrapped around one of the braces 52' as shown in FIG. 5 and

secured to one of the sidewalls 40' at attachment points 62'.

While we have described several preferred embodiments of the

present invention, persons skilled in the art will appreciate changes and

modifications which may be made without departing from the spirit of the

invention. For example, although one configuration of dunnage is illustrated

and described, the present invention may be used with other configurations

of dunnage. Therefore, we intend to be limited only by the scope of the