PERPETUM MOBILE

1. THE BASIS OF CONSISTENCY

Science has proved long ago that energy cannot be lost or obtained, but it only changes from one form to another. However, it does not mean that the research for new inventions and wonders has come to an end. Work of 12 years has been carried out to invent the new phenomenon. The " ALLUDRA" phenomenon belongs to Perpetum Mobile, second grade of the second level (coefficient higher than one).

Energy has become a global challenge almost unaffordable in its forms and conventional ways of its production and obtaining. On the other hand, energy is the main cause of global climate disorder and global warming. The world is at unrest and in search of new forms of energy and its production. Due to energy insufficiency the world will soon be in energy crisis, whereas nowadays is in environment crises due to pollution and global warming. Nonetheless, there is a chance for the world coming from a group of electrical energy experts for amplifying electrical energy on a very high level, up to 20 times. Our patent called "KALLUDRA" would help solve global energy problems and global climate changes. The patenting, public awareness and facilitation regarding this wonder and the revolutionary chance for energy sectors at the global level would affect the private and public operators by developing a new competition in the energy market; environmental qualities, protection of environment and global climate, sustainable development as a result of eliminating the use of fossil and expendable fuels for energy generation, and rapid decrease of global energy prices as well as the improvement of standard of living in developing and poor countries.

Energy is essential for economic development. Overall progress of a modern society is strongly linked with sound and protected environment and a stable development of o ther sectors. This global scientific revolution in energy comes from eight experts of electrical energy; two of them hold the degree of Professor Doctor of electrical machines, two hold the degree of Professor Doctor of energy production and transmission; and four and electrical engineers, whereas the patent of this invention (of the Perpetum Mobile Plant) is issued on the name of engineer, my name, Mehdi Kalludra. The names of the rest of experts are kept anonymous. This group of experts within ten years has reached the coefficient of ten, and the last two years continued until reached the coefficient of 20, η=20. This is a very high coefficient for electricity production and as such enables us electricity production at no cost.

2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

I will briefly explain the work of other power plants and their coefficient in order to continue the description/explanation of the new power plant.

There is a great difference between the new and the existing power plants. Electrical energy is generated by kinetic and potential energy of water and such plants are called hydro plants; electrical energy is generated by fossil fuels energy, such as coal, oil, natural gas and these plants are called thermo plants. Electrical energy is generated by atomic energy, and such centrals are called nuclear or thermonuclear plants. Electrical energy is generated by wind energy through wind plants and the electrical energy that is generated by solar energy, such plants are called solar plants. All these power plants generate electricity with a much lower coefficient. The utilisation coefficient at hydro plants set by experts is 085 to 090; the utilisation coefficient at thermo plants set by experts is 085; the utilisation coefficient at nuclear plants is 085. By the model that these plants were built, it is impossible to reach a higher coefficient. According to the experimental data it is proven that by these equipment/machines that are invited until now there is no possibility to generate electricity at coefficient one. This is because a part of energy is lost.

The coefficient is defined by the relation between useful energy and the energy we spent, meaning how much energy we spent and how much useful energy we gain/get. In all types of power plants there is more energy spent than generated, because part of energy is lost. Losses are high, and with these existing plants they go 10 to 15%. These losses cannot be eliminated or decreased due to the classic electricity generation and when the coefficient one cannot be reached. In the past, the scientist through experiments have determined the coefficient at all types of power plants and has given the transfer of energy through the machine by the relation: the power we spent P 1 is equal with the useful power we gain P2 plus the power of losses Pg, which is Pl = Pl=P2+Pg. From this relation the coefficient of utilisation and the

Energy Law are given. The coefficient of utilisation is η=Ρι

Whereas according to the Energy Law, energy can neither be lost nor gained (increased) but only is transferred from one form to another. This is the law the scientist has given. Based on this law all types power plants operate/work; based on this law all machines work, whether static or dynamic, starting from the simplest steam machine to the space shuttle. However, with this project we deal with invention; we deal with changing the coefficient and the law. I will go back to power plants and explain where the mistakes of scientists are.

The coefficient is determined in all types of power plants and the coefficient is accurate. The law results from the coefficient but the scientist of this subject/field have to understand that both the law and the coefficient apply only for the current machines that are invented up to date.

By inventing the new power plant, the invention of Perpetum Mobile plant both the law and the coefficient fall down. This group of experts give the new Energy Law. According to this group, the new Energy Law is that the energy increases. This phenomenon was unknown for every scientist in the world for all times. These experts have invented the machine that increases energy up to 20 times. The new plant works at coefficient η-20. This is a very high coefficient for electricity generation which enables us generate electrical energy without any cost, i.e. no cost production. It is worth mentioning that all the machines invented up to day only transfer energy from one form to another, and no machine is invented to increase the coefficient. Again, the coefficient η=20 is very high and enables us no cost electricity production. This is the newest and most sophisticated plant Perpetum Mobile.

Scientist's mistakes:

Scientist's first mistake is that he has given this law as unchangeable, without any analysis of this law. There should have been a brief analyse of this law. If this law is prior analysed then it should have been considered in two ways: first, this law could be considered as unchangeable only with the

machines/equipment that has been invented up to day and the model that has been applied in practice. Therefore that scientist that deals with this law as unchangeable only with these machines and the model that has been applied in practice then he/she gives him/herself space for further research.

Second mistake is that this law is considered absolutely unchangeable. A scientist who considers this law in absolute terms, then there cannot be any further inventions since this is a great barrier to further research. Therefore, scientists of physics, chemistry and energy have limited themselves in this direction, that all consider this law as absolutely unchangeable. 3. GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY BY EXISTING PLANTS

3.1 Electrical energy generated by coal energy in thermo plants

Briefly I will describe the working process in thermo plant with steam by Figure 1

Thermal power plant using coal energy is composed of furnace where coal is burned. The water tank is placed in the furnace and it is connected to the steam pipe in order to send the steam to the turbine; then we have the steam turbine and the axis of turbine is connected with the axis of the generator, with condenser, condenser pump, and the water pump which pumps the water to the boiler.

The principle of work is this: the coal is burned in the in furnace which creates high temperatures and the water which is pumped to the boiler is converted into steam due to high temperatures. This steam is sent through pipes to the turbine cylinder and by pressure puts into motion the piston of the cylinder. The cylinder piston is connected with the axis of the generator and through this way the steam energy is converted into mechanical work. Steam is a working body.

The used steam can be released into atmosphere, but it can be used if it is sent to the condenser (C) which is cooled by means of water. This water, through pipes and pump is sent back to the boiler, i.e. it is turned in its initial condition. This cycle is periodically repeated. The coefficient is determined by experts, η = 085, which means that with lkWcoal energy we cannot produce lk of electrical energy due to the loss of energy. We have losses in iron and copper. These are the magnetic and electric losses that are created in each electric machine, as well as other losses.

If we use 1Q00W of coal energy, we have no possibility to generate more than 850 W of electrical energy, with minimal 150W of energy losses. The coefficient cannot be increased because the axis of turbine is directly connected with the axis of generator by means of joints. The coefficient one cannot be reached.

3.2 Electrical energy generated by atomic energy

The working process in thermo nuclear plant is a same principle to the classic thermo plants, i.e. thermo plant with coal energy. The new element in these plants is the reactor which performs the function of the furnace in the steam boiler and as nuclear fuel uses Uranium 233, Uranium 235, Uranium 238 and Plutonium 239. The coefficient of utilisation at nuclear plants is determined by experts and it is η=085. With IkW atomic energy we cannot produce IkW of electrical energy due to the losses of energy. If we spend 1000W of atomic energy, the most we can generate is 850W of electrical energy, and at least 150W are energy losses. The coefficient one cannot be reached. The axis of generator and turbine are directly connected.

3.3 Electrical energy generation by the energy of natural gas

The gas turbine is used in this plant. The generator axis is directly connected to the axis of turbine. The coefficient of utilisation is η=085, and the coefficient one cannot be reached.

3.4 Electrical energy generation by oil energy

Also at these plants the machine that puts the generator into work is the diesel motor. The coefficient of utilisation at these types of plants is η=085 and that this coefficient cannot increase to one.

As we can see, at all thermal plants the axis of generator is directly connected to the axis of turbine or the diesel motor, where the energy losses are created and the coefficient cannot increase.

3.5 Electrical energy generation by water energy

The water turbine is used at the hydro plants. Water turbines or the hydraulic turbines are machines that convert the kinetic and potential energy into mechanical energy. Today, in practice three types of water turbines are used:

1. Pelton Turbine

2. Francis Turbine and

3. Kaplan Turbine.

These turbines depend on the power of the generator, on the height of water fall in meters and on the quantity of water in cubic meter per second (m ³ /s) and on the specific rotation.

At big water fall of 300-2000 meters it is used the Pelton turbine with the number of specific rotation 30- 60 rotations per minute.

At water fall of 30-300 meters the Francis turbine is used with the specific number of rotation 60-450 rotations per minute. At small water fall of 7-30 meters is used the Kaplan turbine with the specific number of rotation 450-

1000 rotations per minute.

The coefficient at hydro plants is η=085-090.

With IkW of water energy cannot be produced IkW of electrical energy due to the losses of energy; the coefficient one cannot be reached.

4. ENERGY BALANCE

During the work of electric machines, the energy appears in various forms and places. But, first of all it is the electrical energy that is brought to or gained from the machine. Then, it is the mechanical energy which is produced by the machine or which is brought to the machine. At the electric machines the loss of energy appears in iron and copper, that is the magnetic and electric losses appear.

Currents in conductors convert a part of electrical energy into thermal energy since there is released the heat of Joule I ² xR.

Also the changes of magnetic field create heat since eddy currents are induced into the magnetic circuit and a part of energy is converted into heat due to hysteresis. Axis friction on its bearing and also the friction and creation of air currents around the rotating parts create heat. The energy diagram of the machine becomes more apparent is we present the balance of energy passing through the machine.

The power that we spend PI is always larger than the useful power we gain P2, because one part of power is lost Pg and converts into heat.

PI- Spent power

P2- Useful power

Pg- Lost power

Figure 2a shows how we bring mechanical power (PI) and in the output gain the electrical power (P2), generator regime- Figure 2b presents the opposite; we bring electric power (PI) and gain the mechanical power (P2).

5. PASCAL'S LAW

After our invention for the Energy Law that energy increases, it is necessary to give a brief description of the Pascal's Law. Scientists of Physics did not give a thorough explanation; hence our group of experts will give a thorough description of Pascal ' s Law.

-Pascal's Law, hydraulic increaser and the mechanical advantage

Hydraulic systems use incompressible fluids, such as oil or water, to transmit forces from one location to another within the fluid. According to the Pascal's Law, the increase in pressure in a fluid increases the pressure equally in all points.

Hydraulic press; there are several equipments that use Pascal's Law. The Hydraulic press is showed in Figure 3. In the case of hydraulic intensifier, a small force can be used to apply big force by making the surface of cylinder piston larger at exit than the surface of piston at the entrance. To see how the hydraulic intensifier works is showed below in Figure 3 where we assume that both pistons are located at the same height.

F out _ F in ^Fout 5 out

S out ^" Sin F in S out

F out

The magnitude F out is called the mechanical advantage of the hydraulic press and it is equal with the ratio of the surface of entrance/exit piston. Example: if the surface of the piston of the exit cylinder is 20 times larger than the surface of the entrance cylinder, then with what force can an automobile of 20000N be lifted? The answer is from the formula below:

S in l

F in = F out x ~ = 20000 x— = l OOoJV

S out 20

The force at the entrance is 1000N, the mechanical advantage is 20 and the coefficient of utilisation is η=20.

According to the Energy Law energy cannot be increased, whereas with the Pascal's Law energy increases with a high coefficient. The first disadvantage of this law is that the energy that increases with the Pascal's Law cannot be multiplied. The second disadvantage is that up to day scientists did not have the possibility to use this law to produce electrical energy.

Pascal's Law is used for braking system at airplanes, heavy trucks and automobiles. This Law is also used for the hydraulic system for the mechanism of landing and the system of heavy lifting.

With Pascal's Law energy increases tens, hundreds times but it cannot be multiplied. We, the eight experts, have invented the machine that increases energy up to 20 times, and have the possibility to multiply this increased energy into infinite and by this model generate electrical energy.

Some day scientists will have the chance to see what model we have used, whether the Pascal's Law or something else.

6. ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATION BY THE NEW PLANT WITH THE COEFFICIENT OF'20

The Perpetum Mobile Plant differs from the plants that I described until now, in both construction and in electrical energy generation.

As mentioned, at power plants there are great losses of electrical energy, whereas at the Perpetum Mobile these losses are not considered since the coefficient of utilisation is very high, η=20, which means that with IkW of water, or coal, natural gas, oil, or atomic energy we produce 20kW of electrical energy. With any of the above mentioned energy that we convert into electrical energy, we have the possibility of IkW to generate 20kW of electrical energy.

Figure 4 shows the electromotor, amplifier and generator.

The amplifier is the machine that increases the energy. It is composed from two parts, from primary and the secondary. The energy that enters at the primary of IkW is transformed to the secondary which increases the energy to 20k W. This increase is measured at the exit of the generator IkW at the entrance of the amplifier where the power at the exit of the generator is 20kW. The energy spent by the electromotor was measured as well as the spent energy of the generator. All measures were made by respective instruments for power measurement by which the coefficient η=20 was determined. With IkW of spent electrical energy by the machine I have invented I have generated 20kW of electrical energy. Even though the coefficient for generation of electrical energy is very high, this coefficient is determined through experiments and measures, which are 100% accurate. There is no need for doubts, technology is the argument - energy is measures. One day this argument will be available to each scientist of this field.

The Figure 5 shows these two parts of this machine, i.e. the amplifier.

Secondary of this machine is composed of three parts. Figure 6 shows the three part secondary.

As it can be seen, the secondary is composed of three parts. The energy that is received from the primary, IkW is increase for 20 times by the secondary, hence 20kW. This is the first machine that increases energy. The first of this kind ever invented, it is an unknown machine for scientists of all times. It is a great machine by which we will change the world. 7. HOW DOES THE NEW POWER PLANT WORK WITH HTGH CAPACITY

In order to produce electrical energy without costs, the new plant works as follows:

An entire system needs to be built in the plant. This system is composed of a diesel motor with capacity of 6.5MW, the electromotor number 1 with a power of P-6.5MW, amplifier number 1, generator number one with a power of P=130MW, transformers for transforming and distributing the electrical energy, and the overhead line for electrical energy transmission. Part of this system are also electromotors

2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 and each of them has the power of P^6.5MW, amplifiers 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 and the generator 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18. In sum, the new plant is composed of one diesel motor, 18 electromotors, 18 amplifiers (the machine that increases energy), 18 generators, three transformers and the overhead line.

The power of the diesel motor is 6.5MW; power of each electromotor is P=6.5 W, the power of each generator is P=130MW. This is the complete system of the new Perpetum Mobile Plant, which greatly differs from the existing plants.

Fig. 7 gives the single pole energy scheme with 18 units in one autonomous system with the same consumer. The generator is with the power P=130MW.

In this system I will firstly explain if at the existing plants we use the water energy to produce the electrical energy, and that what energy should be given to this generator of P=1 0MW. The maximum coefficient, of this generator of 130MW at the hydro plants is 090. In order to work with full capacity, the generator should receive 143MW of water energy. Losses of electrical energy are 13MW. If we generate electrical energy by thermal energy, the coefficient of the thermo plant is η=085, then this generator of ) 30MW needs the capacity of 149.5MW, 19MW are the electrical energy losses.

The coefficient at the new plant is η=20; this generator of 130MW we put to work with full capacity only with power P=6.5MW; the generator will work full capacity and reach the coefficient η=20. To produce electrical energy by the new plant without any cost, then the plant works this way: if we start with power P=6.5MW, coefficient η=20, at output we have P=130MW. Generator number 1 will put to work the diesel motor with oil energy. The diesel motor will work only until the synchronisation in the grid is reached. When the synchronisation is reached, then we take 6.5MW of electrical energy from the grid of the generator number 1 and by this we put to work electromotor number 1. As soon as we put to work electromotor number one, we take out of work/stop the diesel motor. From this moment on the generator number one produces electrical energy^and does not spend anything. The cost is zero. Generator number one with power P=130MW outside the transformers in the grid gives at least 123MW of electrical energy.

We spent 6.5MW of electrical energy of the generator number 1 for electromotor number 1 and we remain with 116.5 W of available electrical energy of the generator number 1. with these remaining 116.5MW of generator number 1 puts to work generators 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18.

The energy of generator number 1 is spent at electromotor 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,1 1,12,13,14,15,16,17, 18 which puts to work generators 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18. With the energy of one generator with power P=130MW by the model of the new plant with coefficient η=20 we have the possibility to put to work 18 generators with the same power P=130MW.

The energy of the generator 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 is used for consumers. These 17 generators 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 produce a total of 2091MW of electrical energy. If this electrical energy of 2091 MW is insufficient for consumers, and if we have higher energy demand, for instance 5000MW or 10000MW then we proceed the process of electricity production as follows:

Each of generators 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18 puts to work other six generators by the new model of the new plant, 17x6=102 generators. Each of these 102 generators have a power of P=130MW and in total these 102 generators produce 12546MW of electrical energy without any cost. If this electrical energy of 12546MW is insufficient for consumers, i.e. if we have higher demand for electrical energy, for instance 20000MW or 25000 W, then we continue the production process. Each of these 102 generators puts to work another six generators 102x6=612. Each of these 12 generators has a power of P=130MW, these 612 generators produce in total 612 l23=75275MW without any cost.

The new plant enables us to use X generators and we will get unlimited power without any cost, i.e. we increase the power without any cost. This is an epochal invention.

ft. ENERGY BALANCE OF THE NEW PLANT

The new plant does not involve any loss of electrical energy since the coefficient of utilisation is very high, η=20. The power plants that work today, each time their power at input (PI) is higher than the one at output (P2) because part of the energy is lost (Pg). The coefficient is small. With the new plant the energy at input is small (PI), whereas the one at output is very high. Input of lkW, output of 20k W, η=20.

At the generator Fig 8a we bring the mechanical energy (PI) and at output gain the electrical energy (P2). The energy at input (PI) is very small, whereas the energy at output (P2) is much higher. Energy at input is lkW, at output is 20kW, η=20.

Also at the generator Fig 8b we bring electrical energy (PI) and gain mechanical energy P2. Energy at input PI is very small, whereas at output is much higher. Energy at input is lkW, at output is 20kW, η=20.

At the new plant Perpetum Mobile the energy losses are not considered since the coefficient of utilisation is very high η=20. This invention is achieved in a experimental way and it is 100% accurate. The work on this invention has lasted 12 years.

There number of benefits from this invention is great, and would be summarised in three sentences:

Energy is a global problem; by this invention the energy problem would be solved worldwide.

Global warming; with this invention there shall be solved the global warming.

We will change the world for the better. The world will prosper.