Pesticidally active thiosemicarbazone compounds Description Invertebrate pests and in particular insects, arachnids and nematodes destroy growing and har- vested crops and attack wooden dwelling and commercial structures, thereby causing large eco- nomic loss to the food supply and to property. Accordingly, there is an ongoing need for new agents for combating invertebrate pests. Carbamoylated and thiocarbamoylated oxime derivatives are known for pesticidal use, for ex- ample, in patent publications WO 2016/156076, semi-carbazones and thiosemicarbazones deriv- atives are known for pesticidal use in patent publication WO 2016/116445, WO2021/013561. Due to the ability of target pests to develop resistance to pesticidally-active agents, there is an ongoing need to identify further compounds, which are suitable for combating invertebrate pests such as insects, arachnids and nematodes. Furthermore, there is a need for new compounds having a high pesticidal activity and showing a broad activity spectrum against a large number of different invertebrate pests, especially against difficult to control insects, arachnids and nema- todes. It is therefore an object of the present invention to identify and provide compounds, which exhibit a high pesticidal activity and have a broad activity spectrum against invertebrate pests. It has been found that these objects can be achieved by substituted bicyclic compounds of for- mula I, as depicted and defined below, including their stereoisomers, their salts, in particular their agriculturally or veterinarily acceptable salts, their tautomers and their N-oxides. In a first aspect, the present invention relates to the compounds of formula I, wherein A is N or CR ^A ; B ¹ is N or CR ^B1 ; B ² is N or CR ^B2 ; R ^A is H, halogen, CN, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H, halogen, OH, CN, -SCN, -SF ₅ , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ - C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkoxy moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C(=O)-OR ^a , NR ^b R ^c ; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)-, –N(R ² )-C(=S)-, –N=C(X)-, or –N(R ² )-C(=NR)-, wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ )2; R is H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, or C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, and cycloalkyl moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, R ² is H, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl- C1-C4-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkynyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkoxy moieties are unsubsti- tuted or substituted with halogen, C(=O)-OR ^a ; R ³ is H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl; C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R ⁶ is H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkynyl, and cycloalkyl moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, Ar is phenyl or 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl or 1,3-benzodioxole, which are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^Ar , wherein R ^Ar is halogen, OH, CN, -SCN, -SF ₅ , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, C3-C6- cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkoxy moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C(=O)-OR ^a , NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , O-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-CN, NH-C ₁ - C ₆ -alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-NR ^b R ^c , SO ₂ NR ^b R ^c , or S(=O) _m R ^e ; R ^s is selected from –(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO-(OC ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl) _p -Y, –(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO-(C ₂ -C ₆ -alkenyl) _q -Y, –(CR ^x R ^y )n-O-CO-NR ^j R ^k , n is 1, or 2; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; q is 0, 1, or 2; Y is C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic group, or phe- nyl, wherein the alkyl, heterocyclic and phenyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f ; R ^x R ^y independently are selected from H or C1-C6-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsub- stituted or substituted with R ^f ; R ^j and R ^k independently are selected from H or C1-C6-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsub- stituted or substituted with R ^f ; R ⁿ H, C1-C6-alkyl, wherein the alkyl moiety is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-C6- alkylene-CN; R ¹¹ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, C ₃ - C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkyl-C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, al- kynyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkoxy moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-C6-alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C1-C6-alkylene-CN, C(=O)-NR ^b R ^c , aryl, aryl-carbonyl, aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, ar- yloxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, heteroaryl, carbonyl-heteroaryl, heteroaryl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl or heteroaryloxy-C ₁ -C ₄ - alkyl, wherein the phenyl rings are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^g and wherein the heteroaryl is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl or a 8-, 9- or 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl; R ^a , R ^b and R ^c are, identical or different, H, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6- alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkoxy moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-C6-alkylene-CN, phenyl, or –CH2-phenyl, wherein the phenyl rings are unsubstituted or sub- stituted with R ^f ; R ^e is C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ^f is halogen, N3, OH, CN, NO2, -SCN, -SF5, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyl, tri-C1- C6-alkylsilyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkoxy, C3-C6-cycloal- kyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkoxy, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkoxyx-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkoxy moieties are unsubstituted or substi- tuted with halogen, C(=O)-OR ^a , NR ^b R ^c , C1-C6-alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , O-C1-C6-alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-CN, NH-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-NR ^b R ^c , SO ₂ NR ^b R ^c , or S(=O) _m R ^e ; R ^g is halogen, OH, CN, -SCN, -SF5, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsi- lyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ - cycloalkoxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl and cycloalkoxy moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C(=O)-OR ^a , NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , O-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-CN, NH-C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-NR ^b R ^c , SO ₂ NR ^b R ^c , or S(=O) _m R ^e ; and the N-oxides, stereoisomers, tautomers and agriculturally or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof. Moreover, the present invention also relates to processes and intermediates for preparing com- pounds of formula I and to active compound combinations comprising them. Moreover, the pre- sent invention relates to agricultural or veterinary compositions comprising the compounds of for- mula I, and to the use of the compounds of formula I or compositions comprising them for com- bating or controlling invertebrate pests and/or for protecting crops, plants, plant propagation ma- terial and/or growing plants from attack and/or infestation by invertebrate pests. The present in- vention also relates to methods of applying the compounds of formula I. The present invention also relates to method for protecting crops, plants, plant propagation material and/or growing plants from attack or infestation by invertebrate pests comprising contacting or treating the crops, plants, plant propagation material and growing plants, or soil, material, surface, space, area or water in which the crops, plants, plant propagation material is stored or the plant is growing, with a pesticidally effective amount of at least one compound of formula (I) as defined above or a composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I); Furthermore, the present invention relates to seed comprising compounds of formula I. Wherein the compounds of formula I includes N-oxides, stereoisomers, tautomers and agriculturally or veterinarily acceptable salts thereof. General Procedure:

With due modification of the starting compounds, the compounds of formula I can be prepared by procedures as given in below schemes.

The compounds of formula (la) can be obtained from compounds of formula (Ila), by a base - mediated alkylation with a suitable alkylating reagent of general formula R ^s -X (where X can be chlorine, bromine, iodine) under standard condition from literature and depicted in Scheme 1.

Scheme 1 :

This transformation is usually carried out at temperatures of from 0 °C to 70 °C, preferably at RT, in an inert solvent, in the presence of a base as described in WO20131 16052 or let. Lett., 2007, 48, 109-112 or Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2005, 15, 2491-2494.

Suitable solvents are ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and tert.- butyl methyl ketone, preferably acetone. It is also possible to use mixtures of the solvents men- tioned. Suitable bases are, in general organic bases, for example tertiary amines like trimethyla- mine, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, preferably N,N- diisopropylethylamine. The bases are generally used in equimolar amounts, or even in excess. The starting materials are generally reacted with one another in equimolar amounts. In terms of yield, it may be advantageous to employ an excess of R ^s -X, based on Ila.

In one embodiment of Scheme 1 , an aldehyde of the formula (Illa) is reacted with a compound of formula (E1) in the presence of a solvent. Suitable solvents are alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and tert.-butanol, preferably ethanol in presence of catalytic acid at elevated temperature like 50 °C to 80 °C. The organic reactions analogy to the methods described in J. Med. Chem., 2014, 57(10), 3984-3999. Compounds of the formula (E1) can be prepared in two steps from the commercially available amine precursors by analogy to method described in WO 2020083733.

The aldehydes of formula (Illa) can be obtained via several routes for examples, Suzuki cross- coupling recation from the corresponding 4-formyl phenyl boronic acids or via two steps protocol as shown in Scheme 2 following the analogy to the methods as described in WO 2020083733.

Scheme 2:

Reaction step (i) cab be performed via Suzuki cross-coupling recation between a halo-azoles (llla-1) and corresponding 4-formyl phenylboronic acids (1) as described in WO 2016040449 or WO 2018233633. Suitable azoles of general formula llla-1 (where X can be chlorine, bromine, iodine and triflate) and phenylboronic acids (1) are commercially available or could be synthesized following known literatures. Reaction step (ii) can be performed via Chan-Lam coupling reaction starting from an aryl boronic acid precursor (2) as described in Chem. A Eur. J., 2017, 23(14), 3285-3290. Reaction step (step-iii) can be performed by analogy to method described in WO 2015051341. Reaction step (step-iv) cab be performed by analogy to method described in E. J. Med. Chem., 2012, 49, 310-323.

Compounds of formula R ^s -Xwherein R ^s is (CR ^x R ^v )n-O-CO-(OC i-C ₆ -alkyl)p -Y (or IVb), can be obtained by various haloalkylation reactions on the compounds with general formula of com- pounds IVa or IVc or Va following known literatures as depicted in Scheme 3.

Scheme 3:

R ^x R ^y CO

NaX

Reaction step (v) can be performed by reacting an acyl halide of formula IVa with an aldehyde or ketone under Lewis acid catalyzed condition, as described in WO 2019222266. Reaction step (vi) can be performed by reacting an acid of general formula IVc with a haloalkylating reagent like (halosulfonyloxy)methyl halide at ambient temperature and in the presence of a base as described in Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2005, 15, 2491-2494. Reaction step (vii) can be performed by re- acting an alcohol of formula Va with haloalkyl haloformate as described in Tet. Lett., 2007, 48, 109-112.

Compounds with general formula R ^s -X wherein R ^s is (CR ^x R ^y )-O-CO-NR ^j R ^k (or Vlb), can be prepared following a known condition from literature as depicted in Scheme 4. Scheme 4:

The compound with general formula of Vlb can be obtained from a suitable amine Via by react- ing it with haloalkyl haloformate at temperatures from 0 °C to 50 °C, preferably at RT, in an inert solvent, in the presence of a base as described in Synlett., 2005, 18 (3), 2847-2850.

Suitable solvents are halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and chlorobenzene, preferably methylene chloride. Suitable bases are, in general organic bases, for example tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N-methylpiperidine, pyridine, preferably triethylamine. The bases are generally used in equimolar amounts, or even in excess. The starting materials are generally reacted with one another in equimolar amounts. In terms of yield, it may be advantageous to employ an excess of haloalkyl haloformate, based on Via.

Compounds of formula R ^s -X wherein R ^s is -(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO-(C ₂ -C6-alkenyl)q-Y (or Vllb), can be obtained via haloalkylation reaction of a compound Vila or Vile, following the known conditions from literature as depicted in Scheme 5.

The compound with general formula Vllb can be obtained from a suitable starting points, either Vila or Vile via known haloalkylation conditions at ambient temperature, in an inert solvent as described in EP1216986 or Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2012, 20 (13), 3997-4011.

Suitable solvents are halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichlo- roethane and chlorobenzene, preferably methylene chloride. Suitable bases are, in general alkali metal bicarbonates, such as sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate. The bases are gen- erally used in equimolar amounts, or even in excess. The starting materials are generally reacted with one another in equimolar amounts. In terms of yield, it may be advantageous to employ an excess of halo-alkylating reagent, based on Vila or Vile.

Individual compounds of formula I can also be prepared by derivatisation of other compounds of formula I or the intermediates thereof.

If the synthesis yields mixtures of isomers, a separation is generally not necessarily required since in some cases the individual isomers can be interconverted during work-up for use or during application (for example under the action of light, acids or bases). Such conversions may also 1 take place after use, for example in the treatment of plants in the treated plant, or in the harmful fungus to be controlled.

A skilled person will readily understand that the preferences for the substituents, also in partic- ular the ones given in the tables below for the respective substituents, given herein in connection with compounds I apply for the intermediates accordingly. Thereby, the substituents in each case have independently of each other or more preferably in combination the meanings as defined herein.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term “compound(s) according to the invention” or “compound(s) of the invention” or “compound(s) of formula (I)”, refers to the compounds of formula I.

The term “compound(s) according to the invention”, or “compounds of formula I” comprises the compound(s) as defined herein as well as a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof. The term “compound(s) of the present invention” is to be understood as equivalent to the term “com- pound^) according to the invention”, therefore also comprising a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof.

The term "composition(s) according to the invention" or "composition(s) of the present invention" encompasses composition(s) comprising at least one compound of formula I according to the invention as defined above. The compositions of the invention are preferably agricultural or vet- erinary compositions.

Depending on the substitution pattern, the compounds according to the invention may have one or more centers of chirality, in which case they are present as mixtures of enantiomers or dia- stereomers. The invention provides both the single pure enantiomers or pure diastereomers of the compounds according to the invention, and their mixtures and the use according to the inven- tion of the pure enantiomers or pure diastereomers of the compounds according to the invention or their mixtures. Suitable compounds according to the invention also include all possible geo- metrical stereoisomers (cis/trans isomers) and mixtures thereof. Cis/trans isomers may be pre- sent with respect to an alkene, carbon-nitrogen double-bond or amide group. The term "stereoi- somers)" encompasses both optical isomers, such as enantiomers or diastereomers, the latter existing due to more than one center of chirality in the molecule, as well as geometrical isomers (cis/trans isomers). The present invention relates to every possible stereoisomer of the com- pounds of formula I, i.e. to single enantiomers or diastereomers, as well as to mixtures thereof.

The compounds according to the invention may be amorphous or may exist in one or more different crystalline states (polymorphs) which may have different macroscopic properties such as stability or show different biological properties such as activities. The present invention relates to amorphous and crystalline compounds according to the invention, mixtures of different crystal- line states of the respective compounds according to the invention, as well as amorphous or crystalline salts thereof.

The term "tautomers" encompasses isomers, which are derived from the compounds of formula I by the shift of an H-atom involving at least one H-atom located at a nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur atom. Examples of tautomeric forms are keto-enol forms, imine-enamine forms, urea-isourea forms, thiourea-isothiourea forms, (thio)amide-(thio)imidate forms etc. The term "stereoisomers" encompasses both optical isomers, such as enantiomers or diastere- omers, the latter existing due to more than one center of chirality in the molecule, as well as geometrical isomers (cis/trans isomers). Depending on the substitution pattern, the compounds of the formula I may have one or more centers of chirality, in which case they are present as mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers. One center of chirality is the carbon ring atom of the isothiazoline ring carrying radical R ¹ . The invention provides both the pure enantiomers or diastereomers and their mixtures and the use according to the invention of the pure enantiomers or diastereomers of the compound I or its mixtures. Suitable compounds of the formula I also include all possible geometrical stereoisomers (cis/trans isomers) and mixtures thereof. The term N-oxides relates to a form of compounds I in which at least one nitrogen atom is present in oxidized form (as NO). To be more precise, it relates to any compound of the present invention which has at least one tertiary nitrogen atom that is oxidized to an N-oxide moiety. N- oxides of compounds I can in particular be prepared by oxidizing e.g. the ring nitrogen atom of an N-heterocycle, e.g. a pyridine or pyrimidine ring present in Ar or R ¹¹ , or an imino-nitrogen present in central tricyclic core, with a suitable oxidizing agent, such as peroxo carboxylic acids or other peroxides. The person skilled in the art knows if and in which positions compounds of the present invention may form N-oxides. Salts of the compounds of the formula I are preferably agriculturally and veterinarily acceptable salts. They can be formed in a customary method, e.g. by reacting the compound with an acid of the anion in question if the compound of formula I has a basic functionality or by reacting an acidic compound of formula I with a suitable base. Suitable agriculturally or veterinarily acceptable salts are especially the salts of those cations or the acid addition salts of those acids whose cations and anions, which are known and accepted in the art for the formation of salts for agricultural or veterinary use respectively, and do not have any adverse effect on the action of the compounds according to the present invention. Suitable cations are in particular the ions of the alkali metals, preferably lithium, sodium and potassium, of the alkaline earth metals, preferably calcium, magnesium and barium, and of the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc and iron, and also ammonium (NH ⁴⁺ ) and substituted ammo- nium in which one to four of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, hydroxy-C1-C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl or –CH2-phe- nyl. Examples of substituted ammonium ions comprise methylammonium, isopropylammonium, dimethylammonium, diisopropylammonium, trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetrae- thylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, 2-hydroxyethylammonium, 2-(2-hydroxyeth- oxy)ethylammonium, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium, benzyltrimethylammonium and benzyl-tri- ethylammonium, furthermore phosphonium ions, sulfonium ions, preferably tri(C1-C4-alkyl)sul- fonium, and sulfoxonium ions, preferably tri(C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl)sulfoxonium. Suitable acid addition veter- inarily acceptable salts, e.g. formed by compounds of formula I containing a basic nitrogen atom, e.g. an amino group, include salts with inorganic acids, for example hydrochlorides, sulphates, phosphates, and nitrates and salts of organic acids for example acetic acid, maleic acid, dimaleic acid, fumaric acid, difumaric acid, methane sulfenic acid, methane sulfonic acid, and succinic acid. Anions of useful acid addition salts are primarily chloride, bromide, fluoride, hydrogen sulfate, sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, phosphate, nitrate, hydrogen carbonate, carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, and the anions of Ci-C ₄ -alkanoic acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. They can be formed by reacting a compound of formulae I with an acid of the corresponding anion, preferably of hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.

The term "invertebrate pest" as used herein encompasses animal populations, such as insects, arachnids and nematodes, which may attack plants, thereby causing substantial damage to the plants attacked, as well as ectoparasites which may infest animals, in particular warm blooded animals such as e g. mammals or birds, or other higher animals such as reptiles, amphibians or fish, thereby causing substantial damage to the animals infested.

The term "plant propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil. The plant propagation materials may be treated prophylactically with a plant protection compound either at or before planting or transplanting. Said young plants may also be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.

The term "plants" comprises any types of plants including "modified plants" and in particular "cultivated plants".

The term "modified plants" refers to any wild type species or related species or related genera of a cultivated plant.

The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf. http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/agri_prod- ucts.asp). Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be ob- tained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant. Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-translational modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or poly- mer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.

Plants that have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering, e. g. have been rendered tolerant to applications of specific classes of herbicides, such as auxin herbicides such as dicamba or 2,4-D; bleacher herbicides such as hydroxylphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or phytoene desaturase (PDS) inhibittors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibi- tors such as sulfonyl ureas or imidazolinones; enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EP- SPS) inhibitors, such as glyphosate; glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitors such as glufosinate; protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase inhibitors; lipid biosynthesis inhibitors such as acetyl CoA carbox- ylase (ACCase) inhibitors; or oxynil (i. e. bromoxynil or ioxynil) herbicides as a result of conven- tional methods of breeding or genetic engineering. Furthermore, plants have been made resistant to multiple classes of herbicides through multiple genetic modifications, such as resistance to both glyphosate and glufosinate or to both glyphosate and a herbicide from another class such as ALS inhibitors, HPPD inhibitors, auxin herbicides, or ACCase inhibitors. These herbicide re- sistance technologies are e. g. described in Pest Managem. Sci. 61 , 2005, 246; 61 , 2005, 258; 61 , 2005, 277; 61 , 2005, 269; 61 , 2005, 286; 64, 2008, 326; 64, 2008, 332; Weed Sci. 57, 2009, 108; Austral. J. Agricult. Res. 58, 2007, 708; Science 316, 2007, 1 185; and references quoted therein. Several cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional meth- ods of breeding (mutagenesis), e. g. Clearfield® summer rape (Canola, BASF SE, Germany) be- ing tolerant to imidazolinones, e. g. imazamox, or ExpressSun® sunflowers (DuPont, USA) being tolerant to sulfonyl ureas, e. g. tribenuron. Genetic engineering methods have been used to ren- der cultivated plants such as soybean, cotton, corn, beets and rape, tolerant to herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which are commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® (glyphosate-tolerant, Monsanto, U.S.A.), Cultivance® (imidazolinone tolerant, BASF SE, Germany) and LibertyLink® (glufosinate-tolerant, Bayer CropScience, Germany).

Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capa- ble to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins, especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as 6-endotoxins, e. g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, Cryl I IB(b1 ) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g. VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, e. g. Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibi- tors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin or papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-IDP-glycosyl-trans- ferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-reductase; ion channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels; juvenile hormone esterase; diuretic hormone receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilben synthase, bibenzyl synthase, chitinases or glucanases. In the context of the present invention these insecticidal proteins or toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins, truncated or otherwise modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of protein domains, (see, e. g. WO 02/015701). Further examples of such toxins or genetically modified plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are disclosed, e. g., in EP-A 374 753, WO 93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/18810 und WO 03/52073. The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above. These insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to the plants producing these proteins tolerance to harmful pests from all taxonomic groups of athropods, especially to beetles (Coeloptera), two-winged insects (Diptera), and moths (Lepidoptera) and to nematodes (Nematoda). Genetically modified plants capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal proteins are, e. g., described in the publications mentioned above, and some of which are commercially available such as YieldGard® (corn cultivars producing the CrylAb toxin), YieldGard® Plus (corn cultivars producing Cry1 Ab and Cry3Bb1 toxins), Starlink® (corn cultivars producing the Cry9c toxin), Herculex® RW (corn cultivars producing Cry34Ab1 , Cry35Ab1 and the enzyme Phosphinothricin-N-Acetyltransferase [PAT]); NuCOTN® 33B (cotton cultivars producing the Cry1Ac toxin), Bollgard ^® I (cotton cultivars producing the Cry1Ac toxin), Bollgard ^® II (cotton cultivars producing Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 toxins); VIPCOT ^® (cotton cultivars producing a VIP-toxin); NewLeaf ^® (potato cultivars producing the Cry3A toxin); Bt-Xtra ^® , Nature- Gard ^® , KnockOut ^® , BiteGard ^® , Protecta ^® , Bt11 (e. g. Agrisure ^® CB) and Bt176 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France, (corn cultivars producing the Cry1Ab toxin and PAT enyzme), MIR604 from Syngenta Seeds SAS, France (corn cultivars producing a modified version of the Cry3A toxin, c.f. WO 03/018810), MON 863 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry3Bb1 toxin), IPC 531 from Monsanto Europe S.A., Belgium (cotton cultivars producing a mod- ified version of the Cry1Ac toxin) and 1507 from Pioneer Overseas Corporation, Belgium (corn cultivars producing the Cry1F toxin and PAT enzyme). Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capa- ble to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens. Examples of such proteins are the so-called “pathogenesis- related proteins” (PR proteins, see, e. g. EP-A 392225), plant disease resistance genes (e. g. potato cultivars, which express resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the mexican wild potato Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4-lysozym (e. g. potato cultivars ca- pable of synthesizing these proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora). The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, e. g. in the publications mentioned above. Furthermore, plants are also covered that are by the use of recombinant DNA techniques capa- ble to synthesize one or more proteins to increase the productivity (e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil content or protein content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environmental factors or tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants. Furthermore, plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition, e. g. oil crops that produce health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty acids (e. g. Nexera ^® rape, DOW Agro Sciences, Canada). Furthermore, plants are also covered that contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production, e. g. potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Am- flora ^® potato, BASF SE, Germany). The organic moieties mentioned in the above definitions of the variables are - like the term halogen - collective terms for individual listings of the individual members. The prefix Cn-Cm indi- cates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group. The term halogen denotes in each case F, Br, Cl or I, in particular F, Cl or Br. The term "alkyl" as used herein and in the alkyl moieties of alkoxy, alkylthio, and the like refers to saturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 1 to 2 ("C1-C2-alkyl"), 1 to 3 ("C ₁ -C ₃ -alkyl"),1 to 4 ("C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl") or 1 to 6 ("C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl") carbon atoms. C ₁ -C ₂ -Alkyl is CH ₃ or C2H5. C1-C3-Alkyl is additionally propyl and isopropyl. C1-C4-Alkyl is additionally butyl, 1- methylpropyl (sec-butyl), 2-methylpropyl (isobutyl) or 1,1-dimethylethyl (tert-butyl). C ₁ -C ₆ -Alkyl is additionally also, for example, pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dime- thylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2- methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethyl- butyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-tri- methylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, or 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl. The term "haloalkyl" as used herein, which is also expressed as "alkyl which is partially or fully halogenated", refers to straight-chain or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 2 ("C1-C2-haloal- kyl"), 1 to 3 ("C1-C3-haloalkyl"), 1 to 4 ("C1-C4-haloalkyl") or 1 to 6 ("C1-C6-haloalkyl") carbon atoms (as mentioned above), where some or all of the hydrogen atoms in these groups are replaced by halogen atoms as mentioned above: in particular C1-C2-haloalkyl, such as chloromethyl, bromo- methyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chlorofluoro- methyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 1-bromoethyl, 1-fluoroethyl, 2- fluoroethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl or pentafluoroethyl. C1-C3-haloalkyl is additionally, for example, 1-fluoropropyl, 2-fluoropropyl, 3-fluoropropyl, 1,1-difluoropropyl, 2,2-difluoropropyl, 1,2-difluoropropyl, 3,3-difluoropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroprop- 2-yl, 3-chloropropyl and the like. Examples for C ₁ -C ₄ -haloalkyl are, apart those mentioned for C ₁ - C3-haloalkyl, 4-chlorobutyl and the like. The term "alkylene" (or alkanediyl) as used herein in each case denotes an alkyl radical as defined above, wherein one hydrogen atom at any position of the carbon backbone is replaced by one further binding site, thus forming a bivalent moiety. Alkylene has preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene), 2 to 6 carbon atoms (C ₂ -C ₆ -alkylene), in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C ₁ -C ₄ -alkylene) or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (C ₂ -C ₄ -alkylene). Examples of alkylene are methylene (CH2), 1,1-ethandiyl, 1,2-ethandiyl, 1,3-propandiyl, 1,2-propandiyl, 2,2-propandiyl, 1,4-butandiyl, 1,2-butandiyl, 1,3-butandiyl, 2,3-butandiyl, 2,2-butandiyl, 1,5-pentandiyl, 2,2-dimethylpropan-1,3- diyl, 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-propandiyl, 1,6-hexandiyl etc. The term "alkenyl" as used herein refers to monounsaturated straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon radicals having 2 to 3 ("C ₂ -C ₃ -alkenyl"), 2 to 4 ("C ₂ -C ₄ -alkenyl") or 2 to 6 ("C ₂ -C ₆ - alkenyl) carbon atoms and a double bond in any position, for example C2-C3-alkenyl, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl or 1-methylethenyl; C ₂ -C ₄ -alkenyl, such as ethenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl-1- propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl or 2-methyl-2-propenyl; C2-C6-alkenyl, such as ethenyl, 1-pro- penyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-me- thyl-1-propenyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4- pentenyl, 1-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-methyl-2-butenyl, 2-me- thyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1- ethyl-2-propenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1-methyl-1-pentenyl, 2- methyl-1-pentenyl, 3-methyl-1-pentenyl, 4-methyl-1-pentenyl, 1-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2- pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, 1-methyl-3-pentenyl, 2-methyl-3-pentenyl, 3- methyl-3-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-4-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4- pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-1-bu- tenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-2-bu- tenyl, 1,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-bu- tenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-1-butenyl, 1-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl-3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-1-butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-ethyl-3-butenyl, 1,1,2- trimethyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-ethyl-2-methyl- 2-propenyl and the like. The term "alkynyl" as used herein refers to straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon groups having 2 to 3 ("C2-C3-alkynyl"), 2 to 4 ("C2-C4-alkynyl") or 2 to 6 ("C2-C6-alkynyl") carbon atoms and one or two triple bonds in any position, for example C2-C3-alkynyl, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl or 2-propynyl; C2-C4-alkynyl, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-bu- tynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl and the like, C2-C6-alkynyl, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1- butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-methyl-2-propynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1-methyl-2-butynyl, 1-methyl-3-butynyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 3-methyl-1-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-2- propynyl, 1-ethyl-2-propynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl, 1-methyl-2- pentynyl, 1-methyl-3-pentynyl, 1-methyl-4-pentynyl, 2-methyl-3-pentynyl, 2-methyl-4-pentynyl, 3- methyl-1-pentynyl, 3-methyl-4-pentynyl, 4-methyl-1-pentynyl, 4-methyl-2-pentynyl, 1,1-dimethyl- 2-butynyl, 1,1-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 1,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1- butynyl, 1-ethyl-2-butynyl, 1-ethyl-3-butynyl, 2-ethyl-3-butynyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl-2-propynyl and the like; The term "cycloalkyl" as used herein refers to mono- or bi- or polycyclic saturated hydrocar- bon radicals having in particular 3 to 6 ("C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl") or 3 to 5 ("C ₃ -C ₅ -cycloalkyl") or 3 to 4 ("C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl") carbon atoms. Examples of monocyclic radicals having 3 to 4 carbon atoms comprise cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl. Examples of monocyclic radicals having 3 to 5 carbon atoms comprise cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl. Examples of monocyclic radicals having 3 to 6 carbon atoms comprise cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Examples of mono- cyclic radicals having 3 to 8 carbon atoms comprise cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclo- hexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl. Examples of bicyclic radicals having 7 or 8 carbon atoms com- prise bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl and bicyclo[3.2.1]octyl. Prefer- ably, the term cycloalkyl denotes a monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon radical. The term "cycloalkoxy" as used herein refers to a cycloalkyl radical, in particular a monocy- clic cycloalkyl radical, as defined above having in particular 3 to 6 ("C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkoxy") or 3 to 5 ("C3-C5-cycloalkoxy") or 3 to 4 ("C3-C4-cycloalksoxy") carbon atoms, which is bound via an oxygen atom to the remainder of the molecule. The term "cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl" refers to a C3-C8-cycloalkyl ("C3-C8-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-al- kyl"), preferably a C3-C6-cycloalkyl ("C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl"), more preferably a C3-C4-cy- cloalkyl ("C3-C4-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl") as defined above (preferably a monocyclic cycloalkyl group) which is bound to the remainder of the molecule via a C1-C4-alkyl group, as defined above. Examples for C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl are cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, cyclo- propylpropyl, cyclobutylmethyl, cyclobutylethyl and cyclobutylpropyl, Examples for C3-C6-cycloal- kyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, apart those mentioned for C ₃ -C ₄ -cycloalkyl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, are cyclopentylmethyl, cy- clopentylethyl, cyclopentylpropyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclohexylethyl and cyclohexylpropyl. The term "C ₁ -C ₂ -alkoxy" is a C ₁ -C ₂ -alkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. The term "C1-C3-alkoxy" is a C1-C3-alkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. The term "C ₁ -C ₄ -alkoxy" is a C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. The term "C1-C6-alkoxy" is a C1-C6-alkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. The term "C1-C10-alkoxy" is a C1-C10-alkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. C1-C2-Alkoxy is OCH3 or OC2H5. C1-C3-Alkoxy is additionally, for example, n-propoxy and 1-methylethoxy (isopropoxy). C ₁ -C ₄ -Alkoxy is additionally, for example, butoxy, 1-methylpropoxy (sec-butoxy), 2-methylpropoxy (isobutoxy) or 1,1-dimethylethoxy (tert-butoxy). C1-C6-Alkoxy is additionally, for example, pentoxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 1,1-dime- thylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexoxy, 1-methylpent- oxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1,1-dimethylbutoxy, 1,2-dimethylbut- oxy, 1,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1-ethylbut- oxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy or 1- ethyl-2-methylpropoxy. C ₁ -C ₈ -Alkoxy is additionally, for example, heptyloxy, octyloxy, 2-ethylhex- yloxy and positional isomers thereof. C1-C10-Alkoxy is additionally, for example, nonyloxy, decyloxy and positional isomers thereof. The term "C1-C2-haloalkoxy" is a C1-C2-haloalkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. The term "C ₁ -C ₃ -haloalkoxy" is a C ₁ -C ₃ -haloalkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. The term "C1-C4-haloalkoxy" is a C1-C4-haloalkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. The term "C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkoxy" is a C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkyl group, as defined above, attached via an oxygen atom. C1-C2-Haloalkoxy is, for example, OCH2F, OCHF2, OCF3, OCH2Cl, OCHCl2, OCCl3, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 2- fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2-bromoethoxy, 2-iodoethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroeth- oxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-tri- chloroethoxy or OC ₂ F ₅ . C ₁ -C ₃ -Haloalkoxy is additionally, for example, 2-fluoropropoxy, 3-fluoro- propoxy, 2,2-difluoropropoxy, 2,3-difluoropropoxy, 2-chloropropoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2,3-dichlo- ropropoxy, 2-bromopropoxy, 3-bromopropoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, 3,3,3-trichloropropoxy, OCH2-C2F5, OCF2-C2F5, 1-(CH2F)-2-fluoroethoxy, 1-(CH2Cl)-2-chloroethoxy or 1-(CH2Br)-2-bro- moethoxy. C ₁ -C ₄ -Haloalkoxy is additionally, for example, 4-fluorobutoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy, 4-bro- mobutoxy or nonafluorobutoxy. C1-C6-Haloalkoxy is additionally, for example, 5-fluoropentoxy, 5- chloropentoxy, 5-brompentoxy, 5-iodopentoxy, undecafluoropentoxy, 6-fluorohexoxy, 6-chloro- hexoxy, 6-bromohexoxy, 6-iodohexoxy or dodecafluorohexoxy. The term "C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl" as used herein, refers to a straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, as defined above, where one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C1-C6-alkoxy group, as defined above. Examples are methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxyme- thyl, isopropoxymethyl, n-butoxymethyl, sec-butoxymethyl, isobutoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, 1-methoxyethyl, 1-ethoxyethyl, 1-propoxyethyl, 1-isopropoxyethyl, 1-n-butoxyethyl, 1-sec-butox- yethyl, 1-isobutoxyethyl, 1-tert-butoxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-propoxyethyl, 2-iso- propoxyethyl, 2-n-butoxyethyl, 2-sec-butoxyethyl, 2-isobutoxyethyl, 2-tert-butoxyethyl, 1-methox- ypropyl, 1-ethoxypropyl, 1-propoxypropyl, 1-isopropoxypropyl, 1-n-butoxypropyl, 1-sec-butoxy- propyl, 1-isobutoxypropyl, 1-tert-butoxypropyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 2-propoxypro- pyl, 2-isopropoxypropyl, 2-n-butoxypropyl, 2-sec-butoxypropyl, 2-isobutoxypropyl, 2-tert-butoxy- propyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 3-propoxypropyl, 3-isopropoxypropyl, 3-n-butoxypropyl, 3-sec-butoxypropyl, 3-isobutoxypropyl, 3-tert-butoxypropyl and the like. The term "alkoxyalkoxy" as used herein refers to an alkoxyalkyl radical, in particular a C1- C ₆ -alkoxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl radical, as defined above, which is bound via an oxygen atom to the re- mainder of the molecule. Examples thereof are OCH2-OCH3, OCH2-OC2H5, n-propoxymethoxy, OCH2-OCH(CH3)2, n-butoxymethoxy, (1-methylpropoxy)methoxy, (2-methylpropoxy)methoxy, OCH2-OC(CH3)3, 2-(methoxy)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxy)ethoxy, 2-(n-propoxy)ethoxy, 2-(1-methyleth- oxy)ethoxy, 2-(n-butoxy)ethoxy, 2-(1-methylpropoxy)ethoxy, 2-(2-methylpropoxy)ethoxy, 2-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)ethoxy, etc. The substituent "oxo" replaces a CH ₂ by a C(=O) group. The term "aryl" relates to phenyl and bi- or polycyclic carbocycles having at least one fused phenylene ring, which is bound to the remainder of the molecule. Examples of bi- or polycyclic carbocycles having at least one phenylene ring include naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, indanyl, in- denyl, anthracenyl, fluorenyl etc. The term "aryl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl" relates to C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, as defined above, wherein one hydrogen atom has been replaced by an aryl radical, in particular a phenyl radical. Particular examples of aryl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl include –CH ₂ -phenyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenetyl, 1-phenylpropyl, 2-phenylpropyl, 3- phenyl-1-propyl and 2-phenyl-2-propyl. The term "aryloxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl" relates to C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, as defined above, wherein one hydro- gen atom has been replaced by an aryloxy radical, in particular a phenoxy radical. Particular examples of aryloxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl include phenoxymethyl, 1-phenoxyethyl, 2-phenoxyetyl, 1-phe- noxypropyl, 2-phenoxypropyl, 3-phenoxy-1-propyl and 2-phenoxy-2-propyl. The term "aryl-C1-C4-carbonyl" relates to aryl as defined above, , in particular a phenyl rad- ical, which is bound by a carbonyl to the remainder of the molecule. Particular examples of aryl- carbonyl include benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl and 2-naphthoyl. The term “heteroaryl” relates to aromatic heterocycles having either 5 or 6 ring atoms (5- or 6-membered heteroaryl) and being monocyclic or 8, 9 or 10 ring atoms and bing bicyclic. Het- eroaryl will generally have at least one ring atom selected from O, S and N, which in case of N may be an imino-nitrogen or an amino-nitrogen, which carries hydrogen or a radical different from hydrogen. Heteroaryl may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 further nitrogen atoms as ring members, which are imino nitrogens. Examples of 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl include 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3- thienyl, 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 1-pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl, 5-pyrazolyl, 2-oxa- zolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl, 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imid- azolyl, 1,3,4-triazol-1-yl, 1,3,4-triazol-2-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl-2-yl, 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl, 2-pyridinyl, 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2-pyrazinyl and 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl. Examples of 8-, 9- or 10-membered heteroaryl include, for ex- ample, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, indolyl, indolizynyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzofuryl, benzothienyl, benzo[b]thiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyri- dine-2-yl, thieno[3,2-b]pyridine-5-yl, imidazo-[2,1-b]-thiazol-6-yl and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine- 2-yl. Examples of N-bound 5-, 6-, 7 or 8-membered saturated heterocycles include: pyrrolidin-1- yl, pyrazolidin-1-yl, imidazolidin-1-yl, oxazolidin-3-yl, isoxazolidin-2-yl, thiazolidin-3-yl, isothiazoli- din-2-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, morpholin-4-yl, thiomorpholin-4-yl, 1-oxothiomorpholin-4-yl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholin-4-yl, azepan-1-yl and the like. The term "heteroaryl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl" relates to C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, as defined above, wherein one hy- drogen atom has been replaced by a heteroaryl radical, in particular a pyridyl radical. Particular examples of heteroaryl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl include 2-pyridylmethyl, 3-pyridylmethyl, 4-pyridylmethyl, 1- (2-pyridyl)ethyl, 2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl, 1-(3-pyridyl)ethyl, 2-(3-pyridyl)ethyl, 1-(4-pyridyl)ethyl, 2-(4- pyridyl)ethyl etc. The term "heteroaryloxy-C1-C4-alkyl" relates to C1-C4-alkyl, as defined above, wherein one hydrogen atom has been replaced by an heteroaryloxy radical, in particular a pyridyloxy radical. Particular examples of heteroaryloxy-C1-C4-alkyl include 2-pyridyloxymethyl, 3-pyridyloxymethyl, 4-pyridyloxymethyl, 1-(2-pyridyloxy)ethyl, 2-(2-pyridyloxy)ethyl, 1-(3-pyridyloxy)ethyl, 2-(3-pyri- dyloxy)ethyl, 1-(4-pyridyloxy)ethyl, 2-(4-pyridyloxy)ethyl etc. The term "heteroaryl-C1-C4-carbonyl" relates to heteroaryl as defined above, in particular a C-bound heteroaryl radical, e.g.2-, 3-or 4-pyridyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 2- or 3-furyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 2- or 4-pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, 1-, 3- or 4-pyrazolyl, 1-, 2- or 4-imidazolyl radical, which is bound by a carbonyl to the remainder of the molecule. The term “substituted” if not specified otherwise refers to substituted with 1, 2, or maximum possible number of substituents. If substituents as defined in compounds of formula I are more than one then they are independently from each other are same or different if not mentioned otherwise. With respect to the variables, the embodiments of the compounds of the formula I are, In one preferred embodiment, B ¹ is CR ^B1 ; In another preferred embodiment, B ¹ is N; In another preferred embodiment, B ² is CR ^B2 ; In another preferred embodiment, B ² is N; In another preferred embodiment, A is N; In another preferred embodiment, A is CR ^A ; In another preferred embodiment, A is CR ^A , B ¹ is CR ^B1 , B ² is CR ^B2 ; In another preferred embodiment, A is CR ^A , B ¹ is N, B ² is CR ^B2 ; In another preferred embodiment, A is CR ^A , B ¹ is CR ^B1 , B ² is N; In another preferred embodiment, A is N, B ¹ is CR ^B1 , B ² is CR ^B2 ; In another preferred embodiment, A is N, B ¹ is N, B ² is CR ^B2 ; In another preferred embodiment, A is N, B ¹ is CR ^B1 , B ² is N; In one preferred embodiment, R ^A is H, CN, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, , wherein the alkyl, cycloalkyl moieties are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is CN or C1-C6-alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is CN; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is H; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is H or halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is C1-C6-alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is H, CN, or C1-C6-alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substi- tuted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is CN or C1-C6-alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is halogen or C1-C6-alkyl, which is unsubstituted or substi- tuted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is C1-C6-alkyl or C3-C6-cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is H or C3-C6-cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substi- tuted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is halogen or C3-C6-cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^A is H, Cl, Br, F, CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, isopropyl, cyclopropyl, CH2F, CHF2, or CF3. In one preferred embodiment, R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H, halogen, or C1- C6-alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H, Cl, Br, F, CH ₃ , C2H5, n-C3H7, or isopropyl. In another preferred embodiment, R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H, CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ , n- C3H7, or isopropyl. In another preferred embodiment, R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H, or F. In another preferred embodiment, R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)-, wherein N is bound to Ar. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)-, wherein C is bound to Ar. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N(R ² )-C(=S)-, wherein N is bound to Ar. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N(R ² )-C(=S)-, wherein C is bound to Ar. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N=C(X)-, wherein N is bound to Ar. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N=C(X)-, wherein C is bound to Ar. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N(R ² )-C(=NR)-, wherein N is bound to Ar. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N(R ² )-C(=NR)-, wherein C is bound to Ar. In another preferred embodiment, Q is –C(R ⁴ R ⁵ )-O-, –N(R ² )-S(=O)m-, –N(R ² )-C(R ⁹ R ¹⁰ )-, –N(R ² )- C(=O)-, –N(R ² )-C(=S)-, –N=C(X)-, or –N(R ² )-C(=NR)-, wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; In another preferred embodiment, Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)-, or –N=C(X)-, wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; In one preferred embodiment, X is N(R ³ )2; In one preferred embodiment, R ³ is H, or C1-C6-alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ³ is H; In another preferred embodiment, R ³ is C1-C6-alkyl; In one preferred embodiment, R ² is H, or C1-C6-alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ² is H; In another preferred embodiment, R ² is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ² is H, CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, or isopropyl; In one preferred embodiment, R is H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -haloal- kynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-halocycloalkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R is H, or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R is C1-C6-alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R is H, CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ , n-C ₃ H ₇ , or isopropyl; In one preferred embodiment, R ⁶ is H, or C1-C6-alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ⁶ is H, C1-C6-alkyl, or C1-C6-haloalkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ⁶ is H; In another preferred embodiment, R ⁶ is C1-C6-alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ⁶ is C1-C6-alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ⁶ is H, CH3, C2H5, C3H5, CH2CF3, or CHF2; In another preferred embodiment, R ⁶ is H, CH3, C2H5, C3H5, or CH2CF3; In one preferred embodiment, Ar is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with R ^Ar ; In another preferred embodiment, Ar is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with R ^Ar ; In another preferred embodiment, Ar is 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with R ^Ar ; In another preferred embodiment, Ar is phenyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, or pyridyl, which are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^Ar ; In one preferred embodiment, R ^Ar is halogen, OH, CN, NO2, SCN, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkoxy; In another preferred embodiment, R ^Ar is C1-C6-alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another preferred embodiment, R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy or C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkoxy; In another preferred embodiment, R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkyl or C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkoxy; In another preferred embodiment, R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ - haloalkoxy; In another preferred embodiment, R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ^Ar is F, Cl , Br, OH, CN, NO ₂ , SCN, CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ , n-C ₃ H ₇ , iso- propyl, CH2F, CHF2, CF3, CH2CF3, CF2CHF2, C2F5, CH2CH2CF3, CH2CF2CHF2, CH2CF2CF3, OCH ₃ , OC ₂ H ₅ , n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy, OCH ₂ F, OCHF ₂ , OCF ₃ , OCH ₂ CF ₃ , OCF ₂ CHF ₂ , OC ₂ F ₅ , OCH2CH2CF3, OCH2CF2CHF2, OCH2CF2CF3, or S-R ^e , where R ^e is C1-C6-alkyl, in particular C1- C ₃ -alkyl such as CH ₃ , C ₂ H ₅ , n-C ₃ H ₇ or isopropyl, or C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkyl, in particular fluorinated C ₁ - C3-alkyl such as CH2F, CHF2, CF3, CH2CF3, CF2CHF2, C2F5, CH2CH2CF3, CH2CF2CHF2 or CH ₂ CF ₂ CF ₃ . In another preferred embodiment, R ^Ar is OCH3, OC2H5, n-propyloxy, isopropyloxy, OCH2F, OCHF2, OCF3, OCH2CF3, OCF2CHF2, OC2F5, OCH2CH2CF3, OCH2CF2CHF2, or OCH2CF2CF3; Perticularly preferred Ar are listed in Table A below. Table A: Ar1. Ar4. Ar7.

Particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar1 to Ar62; also particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar1 to Ar20; also particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar1 to Ar13; also particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar1 to Ar13 and Ar17 to Ar18; also particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar1 , Ar2, Ar3, Ar4, Ar10, Ar17, and Ar18. also particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar17 and Ar18; also particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar1 , Ar2, Ar5, Ar21 and Ar22; also particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar1 , Ar2, Ar17, Ar18 and Ar56; also particularly preferred Ar is selected from Ar1 or Ar2; also particularly preferred Ar is Ar17; also particularly preferred Ar is Ar18; also particularly preferred Ar is Ar1; also particularly preferred Ar is Ar2; In one preferred embodiment, R ^s is –(CR ^x R ^y )n-O-CO-(OC1-C6-alkyl)p -Y; In another preferred embodiment, R ^s is –(CR ^x R ^y )n-O-CO-(C2-C6-alkenyl)q-Y ; In another preferred embodiment, R ^s is –(CR ^x R ^y )n-O-CO-NR ^j R ^k ; In another preferred embodiment, R ^s is –(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO-(C ₂ -C ₆ -alkenyl) _q -Y or –(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO- NR ^j R ^k ; In another preferred embodiment, R ^s is –(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO-(OC ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl) _p -Y or –(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO- NR ^j R ^k ; In another preferred embodiment, R ^s is –(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO-(OC ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl) _p -Y or–(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO- (C2-C6-alkenyl)q-Y; In one preferred embodiment, Y is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, or 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic group; In another preferred embodiment, Y is Y is C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, or 6- membered hetero- cyclic group; In one preferred embodiment, R ^x R ^y independently are selected from H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f ; In another preferred embodiment, R ^x R ^y are H; In another preferred embodiment, R ^x R ^y are C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, which independently of each other are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f ; In one preferred embodiment, R ^j and R ^k independently are selected from H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f ; In another preferred embodiment, R ^j and R ^k are H; In another preferred embodiment, R ^j and R ^k are C1-C6-alkyl, which independently of each other are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f ; In one preferred embodiment, R ⁿ is H, or C1-C6-alkyl; In another preferred embodiment, R ⁿ is H; In another preferred embodiment, R ⁿ is C1-C6-alkyl; In one preferred embodiment, n is 1; In another preferred embodiment, n is 2; In one preferred embodiment, p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; In another preferred embodiment, p is 0 or 4; In another preferred embodiment, p is 0; In another preferred embodiment, p is 4; In another preferred embodiment, p is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; In one preferred embodiment, q is 0; In another preferred embodiment, q is 1; In another preferred embodiment, q is 2; In another preferred embodiment, q is 0 or 1; In another preferred embodiment, q is 1 or 2; In a preferred embodiment of compound of formula I, R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13 R ^{s Structure} Rs-7 Rs-1 In more preferred embodiment, R ^a , R ^b and R ^c are H, C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, which are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, phenyl, or –CH ₂ -phenyl, wherein the phenyl rings are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f . In one preferred embodiment, R ^e is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -halocy- cloalkyl, phenyl, or –CH ₂ -phenyl, wherein the phenyl rings are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f . In more preferred embodiment, R ^e is H, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -haloalkyl, or phenyl unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f . In one preferred embodiment, R ^f is halogen, N ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , -SCN, -SF ₅ , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ - alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, which are unsubsti- tuted or substituted with halogen, C(=O)-OR ^a , NR ^b R ^c , C1-C6-alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C1-C6-alkylene-CN, C(=O)-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-R ^d , SO2NR ^b R ^c , or S(=O)mR ^e . In more preferred embodiment, R ^f is halogen, N3, OH, CN, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6- alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkoxy, which are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C(=O)-OR ^a , NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkylene-CN, C(=O)-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-R ^d , SO2NR ^b R ^c , or S(=O)mR ^e . In another more preferred embodiment, R ^f is OH or C1-C6-alkyl; In another more preferred embodiment, R ^f is OH; In another more preferred embodiment, R ^f is C1-C6-alkyl; In a preferred embodiment, R ^g is halogen, N ₃ , OH, CN, NO ₂ , -SCN, -SF ₅ , C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ - alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, which are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C(=O)-OR ^a , NR ^b R ^c , C1-C6-alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , NH-C1-C6-alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-R ^d , SO ₂ NR ^b R ^c , or S(=O) _m R ^e . In more preferred embodiment, R ^g is halogen, N3, OH, CN, NO2, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2- C ₆ -alkenyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkoxy, which are unsubstituted or substituted with halo- gen, C(=O)-OR ^a , NR ^b R ^c , C1-C6-alkylene-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-NR ^b R ^c , C(=O)-R ^d , SO2NR ^b R ^c , or S(=O)mR ^e . In another more preferred embodiment, R ^g is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, or C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkoxy, which are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another more preferred embodiment, R ^g is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, or C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, which are unsub- stituted or substituted with halogen; In another more preferred embodiment, R ^g is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, which are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; In another more preferred embodiment, R ^g is C3-C6-cycloalkyl, which is unsubstituted or substi- tuted with halogen; In one embodiment, m is 0. In another embodiment, m is 1. In another embodiment, m is 2. In another embodiment, m is 0 or 1. In another embodiment, m is 1 or 2. In one preferred embodiment, R ¹¹ is C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy-C1- C4-alkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl-C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkyl-C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, which are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, aryl, arylcarbonyl, aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, aryloxy-C1-C4-alkyl, heteroaryl, carbonylheteroaryl, C1-C4-al- kyl-heteroaryl and C1-C4-alkyl-heteroaryloxy, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl rings are unsubsti- tuted or substituted with R ^g and wherein the heteroaryl is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic het- eroaryl or a 8-, 9- or 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl. In another preferred embodiment, R ¹¹ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkenyl, C ₂ -C ₆ -alkynyl, C ₃ -C ₆ -cyclo- alkyl, which are unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, aryl, arylcarbonyl, aryl-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, aryloxy-C ₁ -C ₄ -alkyl, heteroaryl, carbonylheteroaryl, C ₁ -C ₄ -al- kyl-heteroaryl and C1-C4-alkyl-heteroaryloxy, where the rings are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^g and wherein the heteroaryl is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl or a 8-, 9- or 10- membered bicyclic heteroaryl. In another preferred embodiment, R ¹¹ is aryl, aryl-Ci-C4-alkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaryl-Ci-C4- alkyl, wherein the rings are unsubstituted or substituted with R ⁹ and where heteroaryl in heteroaryl or heteroaryl-Ci-C4-alkyl, is preferably a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl such as pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl or isothiazolyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with R ⁹ .

In another preferred embodiment, R ¹¹ is aryl;

In another preferred embodiment, R ¹¹ is aryl, preferably phenyl which is unsubstituted or substi- tuted with R ⁹ .

Examples of particularly preferred radicals R ¹¹ are the radicals R ¹¹ -1 to R ¹¹ -29 summarized in Table A-1 below.

Table A-1 .

In another preffered embodiment of the invention, R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1 , R ¹¹ -10, R ¹¹ -29, R ¹¹ -30 or R ¹¹ -31 ;

In another preffered embodiment of the invention, R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1 , R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31 ; In another preffered embodiment of the invention, R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -29;

In another preferred embodiment compounds of formula I are selected from compounds of for- mula A.1 to A.8 wherein the variables are as defined herein including preferred embodiments.

In another preferred embodiment compounds of formula I are selected from compounds of for- mula 1.1 to 1.32

Pr I , com- pound of formula I.1 to I.16; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is CR ^A or N R ^A is is CN or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; B ¹ is CR ^B1 and B ² is CR ^B2 ; R ^B1 and R ^B2 are H; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; R ² is H or C1-C6-alkyl, preferably H; R ⁶ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -29; R ^s is –(CR ^x R ^y ) _n -O-CO-(OC ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl) _p -Y; p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; Y is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy, C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic group, or phe- nyl, wherein the alkyl, heterocyclic and phenyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f ; R ^x R ^y independently are selected from H or C1-C6-alkyl, wherein the alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with R ^f ; R ⁿ is H; A is CR ^A or N R ^A is is CN or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; B ¹ is CR ^B1 and B ² is CR ^B2 ; R ^B1 and R ^B2 are H; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; R ² is H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, preferably H; R ⁶ is C1-C6-alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C1-C6-alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -29; R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13; R ⁿ is H; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is CR ^A R ^A is is H, halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, or C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl,; B ¹ is CR ^B1 and B ² is CR ^B2 ; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)- or –N=C(X)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ ) ₂ , wherein R ³ is H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, preferably C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R is H, CN, or C1-C6-alkyl; R ² is H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; R ⁶ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1, R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31; R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13; R ⁿ is H; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is N R ^A is is H, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl,; B ¹ is CR ^B1 and B ² is CR ^B2 ; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C1-C6-alkyl; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)- or –N=C(X)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ )2, wherein R ³ is H or C1-C6-alkyl, preferably C1-C6-alkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R is H, CN, or C1-C6-alkyl; R ² is H or C1-C6-alkyl; R ⁶ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1, R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31; R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13; R ⁿ is H; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is CR ^A R ^A is H, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl,; B ¹ is N and B ² is CR ^B2 ; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)- or –N=C(X)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ ) ₂ , wherein R ³ is H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, preferably C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R is H, CN, or C1-C6-alkyl; R ² is H or C1-C6-alkyl; R ⁶ is C1-C6-alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C1-C6-alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1, R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31; R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13; R ⁿ is H; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is N R ^A is H, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl,; B ¹ is N and B ² is CR ^B2 ; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)- or –N=C(X)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ ) ₂ , wherein R ³ is H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, preferably C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R is H, CN, or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; R ² is H or C1-C6-alkyl; R ⁶ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1, R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31; R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is CR ^A R ^A is H, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl,; B ¹ is CR ^B1 and B ² is N; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C1-C6-alkyl; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)- or –N=C(X)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ ) ₂ , wherein R ³ is H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, preferably C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R is H, CN, or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; R ² is H or C1-C6-alkyl; R ⁶ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1, R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31; R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is N R ^A is H, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl,; B ¹ is CR ^B1 and B ² is N; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C1-C6-alkyl; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)- or –N=C(X)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ )2, wherein R ³ is H or C1-C6-alkyl, preferably C1-C6-alkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R is H, CN, or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; R ² is H or C1-C6-alkyl; R ⁶ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1, R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31; R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is CR ^A R ^A is H, halogen, C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, or C ₃ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl,; B ¹ is N and B ² is N; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)- or –N=C(X)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ ) ₂ , wherein R ³ is H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, preferably C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R is H, CN, or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; R ² is H or C1-C6-alkyl; R ⁶ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1, R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31; R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13; Also more preferred are the compound of formula I, wherein A is N; R ^A is H, halogen, C1-C6-alkyl, or C3-C6-cycloalkyl,; B ¹ is N and B ² is N; R ^B1 and R ^B2 independently of each other are H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Q is –N(R ² )-C(=O)- or –N=C(X)-; wherein Ar is bound to either side of Q; X is N(R ³ ) ₂ , wherein R ³ is H or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl, preferably C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; m is 0, 1, or 2; R is H, CN, or C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; R ² is H or C1-C6-alkyl; R ⁶ is C ₁ -C ₆ -alkyl; Ar is phenyl; R ^Ar is C1-C6-alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen; R ¹¹ is R ¹¹ -1 , R ¹¹ -29, or R ¹¹ -31 ;

R ^s is selected from Rs-1 to Rs-13;

Particular compounds of formula I are the compounds of the formulae 1.1 to 1.8 that are compiled in the following tables 1 to 36, wherein R ⁿ is H, and the combination of variables R ⁶ , R ^A , R ^s , Ar, and R ¹¹ for each compound of tables 1 to 36 corresponds to each line of Table B. Each of the groups mentioned for a substituent in the tables is furthermore per se, independently of the com- bination in which it is mentioned, a particularly preferred aspect of the substituent in question.

Table 1. Compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is H and R ^BZ is H.

Table 2. Compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is H.

Table 3. Compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is H.

Table 4. Compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is H.

Table 5. Compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 6. Compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 7. Compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 8. Compounds of formula 1.1 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 9. Compounds of formula 1.2 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is H.

Table 10. Compounds of formula I.2 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is H.

Table 11. Compounds of formula I.2 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is H.

Table 12. Compounds of formula I.2 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is H.

Table 13. Compounds of formula I.2 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 14. Compounds of formula I.2 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 15. Compounds of formula I.2 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 16. Compounds of formula I.2 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 17. Compounds of formula 1.3 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B1 is H.

Table 18. Compounds of formula 1.3 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B1 is H.

Table 19. Compounds of formula 1.3 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B1 is CH ₃ .

Table 20. Compounds of formula 1.3 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B1 is CH ₃ .

Table 21. Compounds of formula I.4 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B1 is H.

Table 22. Compounds of formula I.4 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B1 is H.

Table 23. Compounds of formula I.4 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B1 is CH ₃ .

Table 24. Compounds of formula I.4 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B1 is CH ₃ .

Table 25. Compounds of formula 1.5 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B2 is H.

Table 26. Compounds of formula 1.5 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B2 is H.

Table 27. Compounds of formula 1.5 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 28. Compounds of formula 1.5 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 29. Compounds of formula I.6 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B2 is H.

Table 30. Compounds of formula I.6 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B2 is H.

Table 31. Compounds of formula I.6 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 32. Compounds of formula I.6 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 33. Compounds of formula 1.7 wherein R ² is H.

Table 34. Compounds of formula 1.7 wherein R ² is CH ₃ .

Table 35. Compounds of formula 1.8 wherein R ² is H.

Table 36. Compounds of formula 1.8 wherein R ² is CH ₃ . Table B:

Also particular compounds of formula I are the compounds of the formulae 1.9 to 1.16 that are compiled in the following tables 37 to 72, wherein R ⁿ is H, and the combination of variables R ⁶ , R ^s , Ar, and R ¹¹ for each compound of tables 37 to 72 corresponds to each line of Table D. Each of the groups mentioned for a substituent in the tables is furthermore per se, independently of the combination in which it is mentioned, a particularly preferred aspect of the substituent in question. Table 37. Compounds of formula 1.9 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is H.

Table 38. Compounds of formula 1.9 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is H.

Table 39. Compounds of formula 1.9 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is H.

Table 40. Compounds of formula 1.9 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is H.

Table 41. Compounds of formula 1.9 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 42. Compounds of formula 1.9 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 43. Compounds of formula 1.9 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 44. Compounds of formula 1.9 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 45. Compounds of formula 1.10 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is H.

Table 46. Compounds of formula 1.10 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is H.

Table 47. Compounds of formula 1.10 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is H.

Table 48. Compounds of formula 1.10 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is H.

Table 49. Compounds of formula 1.10 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 50. Compounds of formula 1.10 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is H and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 51. Compounds of formula 1.10 wherein R ² is H, R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 52. Compounds of formula 1.10 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , R ^B1 is CH ₃ and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 53. Compounds of formula 1.11 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B1 is H.

Table 54. Compounds of formula 1.11 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B1 is H.

Table 55. Compounds of formula 1.11 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B1 is CH ₃ .

Table 56. Compounds of formula 1.11 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B1 is CH ₃ .

Table 57. Compounds of formula 1.12 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B1 is H.

Table 58. Compounds of formula 1.12 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B1 is H.

Table 59. Compounds of formula 1.12 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B1 is CH ₃ .

Table 60. Compounds of formula 1.12 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B1 is CH ₃ .

Table 61. Compounds of formula 1.13 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B2 is H.

Table 62. Compounds of formula 1.13 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B2 is H.

Table 63. Compounds of formula 1.13 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 64. Compounds of formula 1.13 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 65. Compounds of formula 1.14 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B2 is H.

Table 66. Compounds of formula 1.14 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B2 is H.

Table 67. Compounds of formula 1.14 wherein R ² is H, and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 68. Compounds of formula 1.14 wherein R ² is CH ₃ , and R ^B2 is CH ₃ .

Table 69. Compounds of formula 1.15 wherein R ² is H.

Table 70. Compounds of formula 1.15 wherein R ² is CH ₃ .

Table 71. Compounds of formula 1.16 wherein R ² is H.

Table 72. Compounds of formula 1.16 wherein R ² is CH ₃ . Table D:

As used herein, the term “compound(s) of the present invention” or “compound(s) according to the invention” refers to the compound(s) of formula (I) as defined above, which are also referred to as “compound(s) of formula I” or “compound(s) I” or "formula I compound(s)”, and includes their salts, tautomers, stereoisomers, and N-oxides.

The invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and at least one compound of the invention or a mixture thereof.

An agrochemical composition comprises a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention or a mixture thereof.

The compounds of the invention or the mixtures thereof can be converted into customary types of agro-chemical compositions, e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples for composition types are sus- pensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e.g. LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials e.g. seeds (e.g. GF). These and further compositions types are defined in the “Catalogue of pesticide formu- lation types and international coding system”, Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, CropLife International.

The compositions are prepared in a known manner, e.g. described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001 ; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005.

Examples for suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective col- loids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, com- patibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and bind- ers.

Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, e.g. mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; hydro- carbons, e.g. toluene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. eth- anol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g. cyclohexa- none; esters, e.g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phos- phonates; amines; amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.

Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, lime- stone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, CaSO4, MgSO ₄ , MgO; poly- saccharide powders, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. (NH ₄ )2SO ₄ , (NH^PO^ NH ₄ NO ₃ , ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof. Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, e.g. anionic, cationic, nonionic and am-pho- teric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective col-loid, or ad- juvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon’s, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon’s Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International or North American Ed.).

Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of con- densed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, es- ters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkox- ylates are compounds e.g. alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents. Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide. Examples of N- subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanola-mides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides. Examples of sugar-based surfac- tants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are homo- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.

Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, e.g. quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines. Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines. Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A- B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Suitable polyelectro- lytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines, or polyethyleneamines.

Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity them- selves, and which improve the biological performance of the compounds of the invention on the target. Examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxilaries. Further exam- ples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5. Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.

Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives e.g. alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.

Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, and glycerin.

Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.

Suitable colorants (e.g. in red, blue, or green) are pigments of low water solubility and water- soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide, iron hexacyanofer- rate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo-, and phthalocyanine colorants).

Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, pol- yacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.

Examples for composition types and their preparation are: i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)

10-60 wt% of a compound I according to the invention and 5-15 wt% wetting agent (e.g. alcohol alkoxylates) are dissolved in water and/or in a water-soluble solvent (e.g. alcohols) up to 100 wt%. The active substance dissolves upon dilution with water. ii) Dispersible concentrates (DC)

5-25 wt% of a compound I according to the invention and 1 -10 wt% dispersant (e.g. polyvinylpyr- rolidone) are dissolved in up to 100 wt% organic solvent (e.g. cyclohexanone). Dilution with water gives a dispersion. iii) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)

15-70 wt% of a compound I according to the invention and 5-10 wt% emulsifiers (e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in up to 100 wt% water-insolu- ble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon). Dilution with water gives an emulsion. iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)

5-40 wt% of a compound I according to the invention and 1-10 wt% emulsifiers (e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in 20-40 wt% water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon). This mixture is introduced into up to 100 wt% water by means of an emulsifying machine and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. v) Suspensions (SC, CD, FS)

In an agitated ball mill, 20-60 wt% of a compound I according to the invention are comminuted with addition of 2-10 wt% dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate), 0,1-2 wt% thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and up to 100 wt% waterto give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active sub-stance. For FS type composition up to 40 wt% binder (e.g. polyvinylalcohol) is added. vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG) 50-80 wt% of a compound I according to the invention are ground finely with addition of up to 100 wt% dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate) and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e.g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)

50-80 wt% of a compound I according to the invention are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 1-5 wt% dispersants (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-3 wt% wetting agents (e.g. alcohol ethoxylate) and up to 100 wt% solid carrier, e.g. silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dis- persion or solution of the active substance. viii) Gel (GW, GF)

In an agitated ball mill, 5-25 wt% of a compound I according to the invention are comminuted with addition of 3-10 wt% dispersants (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5 wt% thickener (e.g. car- boxymethylcellulose) and up to 100 wt% water to give a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. ix) Microemulsion (ME)

5-20 wt% of a compound I according to the invention are added to 5-30 wt% organic solvent blend (e.g. fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25 wt% surfactant blend (e.g. alco- hol ethoxylate and arylphenol ethoxylate), and water up to 100 %. This mixture is stirred for 1 h to produce spontaneously a thermodynamically stable microemulsion. x) Microcapsules (CS)

An oil phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a compound I according to the invention, 0-40 wt% water insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15 wt% acrylic monomers (e.g. methyl- methacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules. Alternatively, an oil phase compris- ing 5-50 wt% of a compound I according to the invention, 0-40 wt% water insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), and an isocyanate monomer (e.g. di-phenylme-thene-4,4’-diisocya- natae) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). The addition of a polyamine (e.g. hexamethylenediamine) results in the for-ation of a polyurea micro- capsule. The monomers amount to 1 -10 wt%. The wt% relate to the total CS composition. xi) Dustable powders (DP, DS)

1-10 wt% of a compound I according to the invention are ground finely and mixed intimately with up to 100 wt% solid carrier, e.g. finely divided kaolin. xii) Granules (GR, FG) 0.5-30 wt% of a compound I according to the invention is ground finely and associated with up to 100 wt% solid carrier (e.g. silicate). Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. xiii) Ultra-low volume liquids (UL)

1-50 wt% of a compound I according to the invention are dissolved in up to 100 wt% organic solvent, e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon.

The compositions types i) to xi) may optionally comprise further auxiliaries, e.g. 0.1 -1 wt% bac- tericides, 5-15 wt% anti-freezing agents, 0.1-1 wt% anti-foaming agents, and 0.1-1 wt% colorants.

The agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably be-tween 0.1 and 90%, and most preferably between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active substance. The active substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95% to 100% (according to NMR spectrum).

Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, or micronutrients, and other pesticides (e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners) may be added to the active sub- stances or the compositions comprising them as premix or, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1 .

The user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system. Usually, the agro-chemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained. Usually, 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to- use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.

According to one embodiment, individual components of the composition of the invention e.g. parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.

In a further embodiment, either individual components of the composition according to the in- vention or partially premixed components, e.g. components comprising compounds of the inven- tion and/or mixing partners as defined above, may be mixed by the user in a spray tank and further auxiliaries and additives may be added.

In a further embodiment, either individual components of the composition according to the in- vention or partially premixed components, e.g. components comprising compounds of the inven- tion and/or mixing partners as defined above, can be applied jointly (e.g. after tank mix) or con- secutively.

The compounds of the invention are suitable for use in protecting crops, plants, plant propaga- tion materials, e.g. seeds, or soil or water, in which the plants are growing, from attack or infesta- tion by animal pests. Therefore, the invention also relates to a plant protection method, which comprises contacting crops, plants, plant propagation materials, e.g. seeds, or soil or water, in which the plants are growing, to be protected from attack or infestation by animal pests, with a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The compounds of the invention are also suitable for use in combating or controlling animal pests. Therefore, the invention also relates to a method of combating or controlling animal pests, which comprises contacting the animal pests, their habitat, breeding ground, or food supply, or the crops, plants, plant propagation materials, e.g. seeds, or soil, or the area, material or environ- ment in which the animal pests are growing or may grow, with a pesticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The compounds of the invention are effective through both contact and ingestion. Further-more, the compounds of the invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages, e.g. egg, larva, pupa, and adult.

The compounds of the invention can be applied as such or in form of compositions comprising them as defined above. Furthermore, the compounds of the invention can be applied together with a mixing partner or in form of compositions comprising said mixtures. The components of said mixture can be applied simultaneously, jointly or separately, or in succession, that is imme- diately one after another and thereby creating the mixture “in situ” on the desired location, e.g. the plant, the sequence, in the case of separate application, generally not having any effect on the result of the control measures.

The application can be carried out both before and after the infestation of the crops, plants, plant propagation materials, e.g. seeds, soil, or the area, material or environment by the pests.

Suitable application methods include I. a. soil treatment, seed treatment, in furrow application, and foliar application. Soil treatment methods include drenching the soil, drip irrigation (drip ap- plication onto the soil), dipping roots, tubers or bulbs, or soil injection. Seed treatment techniques include seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, and seed pelleting. In furrow applications typically include the steps of making a furrow in cultivated land, seeding the furrow with seeds, applying the pesticidally active compound to the furrow, and closing the furrow. Foliar application refers to the application of the pesticidally active compound to plant foliage, e.g. through spray equipment. For foliar applications, it can be advantageous to modify the behavior of the pests by use of pheromones in combination with the compounds of the invention. Suitable pheromones for specific crops and pests are known and publicly available from databases of pheromones and semiochemicals, e.g. http://www.pherobase.com.

As used herein, the term "contacting" includes both direct contact (applying the com- pounds/compositions directly on the animal pest or plant - typically to the foliage, stem or roots of the plant) and indirect contact (applying the compounds/compositions to the locus, i.e. habitat, breeding ground, plant, seed, soil, area, material, or environment in which a pest is growing or may grow, of the animal pest or plant). The term “animal pest” includes arthropods, gastropods, and nematodes. Preferred animal pests according to the invention are arthropods, preferably insects and arachnids, in particular insects. Insects, which are of particular relevance for crops, are typically referred to as crop insect pests.

The term "crop" refers to both, growing and harvested crops.

The term “plant” includes cereals, e.g. durum and other wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats, rice, or maize (fodder maize and sugar maize I sweet and field corn); beet, e.g. sugar beet, or fodder beet; fruits, e.g. pomes, stone fruits, or soft fruits, e.g. apples, pears, plums, peaches, nectarines, almonds, cherries, papayas, strawberries, raspberries, blackberries or gooseberries; leguminous plants, e.g. beans, lentils, peas, alfalfa, or soybeans; oil plants, e.g. rapeseed (oilseed rape), turnip rape, mustard, olives, sunflowers, coconut, cocoa beans, castor oil plants, oil palms, ground nuts, or soybeans; cucurbits, e.g. squashes, pumpkins, cucumber or melons; fiber plants, e.g. cotton, flax, hemp, or jute; citrus fruit, e.g. oranges, lemons, grapefruits or mandarins; vegetables, e.g. eggplant, spinach, lettuce (e.g. iceberg lettuce), chicory, cabbage, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, garlic, leeks, tomatoes, potatoes, cucurbits or sweet peppers; lauraceous plants, e.g. avocados, cinnamon, or camphor; energy and raw material plants, e.g. corn, soybean, rape- seed, sugar cane or oil palm; tobacco; nuts, e.g. walnuts; pistachios; coffee; tea; bananas; vines; hop; sweet leaf (Stevia); natural rubber plants or ornamental and forestry plants, shrubs, broad- leaved trees or evergreens, eucalyptus; turf; lawn; grass. Preferred plants include potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rapeseed, legumes, sun- flowers, coffee, or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, e.g. cucumbers, toma- toes, beans or squashes.

The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by mutagenesis or genetic engineering in order to provide a new trait to a plant or to modify an already present trait.

Mutagenesis includes techniques of random mutagenesis using X-rays or mutagenic chemicals, but also techniques of targeted mutagenesis, in order to create mutations at a specific locus of a plant genome. Targeted mutagenesis techniques frequently use oligonucleotides or proteins like CRISPR/Cas, zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs or meganucleases to achieve the targeting effect.

Genetic engineering usually uses recombinant DNA techniques to create modifications in a plant genome which under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, muta- genesis or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes are integrated into the genome of a plant in order to add a trait or improve a trait. These integrated genes are also referred to as transgenes in the art, while plant comprising such transgenes are referred to as transgenic plants. The process of plant transformation usually produces several transformation events, which differ in the genomic locus in which a transgene has been integrated. Plants comprising a specific transgene on a specific genomic locus are usually described as comprising a specific “event”, which is referred to by a specific event name. Traits which have been introduced in plants or have been modified include in particular herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, increased yield and tolerance to abiotic conditions, like drought.

Herbicide tolerance has been created by using mutagenesis as well as using genetic engineer- ing. Plants which have been rendered tolerant to ALS inhibitor herbicides by conventional meth- ods of mutagenesis and breeding comprise plant varieties commercially available under the name Clearfield®.

Herbicide tolerance has been created to glyphosate, glufosinate, 2,4-D, dicamba, oxynil herbi- cides, like bromoxynil and ioxynil, sulfonylurea herbicides, ALS inhibitor herbicides and HPPD inhibitors, like isoxaflutole and mesotrione.

Transgenes which have been used to provide herbicide tolerance traits comprise: for tolerance to glyphosate: cp4 epsps, epsps grg23ace5, mepsps, 2mepsps, gat4601 , gat4621 and goxv247, for tolerance to glufosinate: pat and bar, for tolerance to 2,4-D: aad-1 and aad-12, for tolerance to dicamba: dmo, for tolerance to oxynil herbicies: bxn, for tolerance to sulfonylurea herbicides: zm-hra, csr1-2, gm-hra, S4-HrA, for tolerance to ALS inhibitor herbicides: csr1 -2, for tolerance to HPPD inhibitor herbicides: hppdPF, W336 and avhppd-03.

Transgenic corn events comprising herbicide tolerance genes are e.g., but not excluding others, DAS40278, MON801 , MON802, MON809, MON810, MON832, MON87411 , MON87419, MON87427, MON88017, MON89034, NK603, GA21 , MZHGOJG, HCEM485, VCO-01981 -5, 676, 678, 680, 33121 , 4114, 59122, 98140, Bt10, Bt176, CBH-351 , DBT418, DLL25, MS3, MS6, MZIR098, T25, TC1507 and TC6275.

Transgenic soybean events comprising herbicide tolerance genes are e.g., but not excluding others, GTS 40-3-2, MON87705, MON87708, MON87712, MON87769, MON89788, A2704-12, A2704-21 , A5547-127, A5547-35, DP356043, DAS44406-6, DAS68416-4, DAS-81419-2, GU262, SYHT0H2, W62, W98, FG72 and CV127.

Transgenic cotton events comprising herbicide tolerance genes are e.g., but not excluding oth- ers, 19-51a, 31707, 42317, 81910, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, BXN1021 1 , BXN10215, BXN10222, BXN10224, MON1445, MON1698, MON88701 , MON88913, GHB119, GHB614, LLCotton25, T303-3 and T304-40.

Transgenic canola events comprising herbicide tolerance genes are e.g., but not excluding oth- ers, MON88302, HCR-1 , HCN10, HCN28, HCN92, MS1 , MS8, PHYU, PHY23, PHY35, PHY36, RF1 , RF2 and RF3.

Insect resistance has mainly been created by transferring bacterial genes for insecticidal pro- teins to plants. Transgenes which have most frequently been used are toxin genes of Bacillus spec, and synthetic variants thereof, like cry1A, crylAb, cry1Ab-Ac, crylAc, cry1A.1 O5, cry1 F, cry1 Fa2, cry2Ab2, cry2Ae, mcry3A, ecry3.1Ab, cry3Bb1 , cry34Ab1 , cry35Ab1 , cry9C, vip3A(a), vip3Aa20. However, also genes of plant origin have been transferred to other plants. In particular genes coding for protease inhibitors, like CpTI and pinll. A further approach uses transgenes in order to produce double stranded RNA in plants to target and downregulate in-sect genes. An example for such a transgene is dvsnf7.

Transgenic corn events comprising genes for insecticidal proteins or double stranded RNA are e.g., but not excluding others, Bt10, Bt1 1 , Bt176, MON801 , MON802, MON809, MON810, MON863, MON87411 , MON88017, MON89034, 33121 , 41 14, 5307, 59122, TC1507, TC6275, CBH-351 , MIR162, DBT418 and MZIR098.

Transgenic soybean events comprising genes for insecticidal proteins are e.g., but not excluding others, MON87701 , MON87751 and DAS-81419.

Transgenic cotton events comprising genes for insecticidal proteins are e.g., but not excluding others, SGK321 , MON531 , MON757, MON1076, MON15985, 31707, 31803, 31807, 31808, 42317, BNLA-601 , Eventl , COT67B, COT102, T303-3, T304-40, GFM Cry1A, GK12, MLS 9124, 281-24-236, 3006-210-23, GHB119 and SGK321.

Increased yield has been created by increasing ear biomass using the transgene athb17, be-ing present in corn event MON87403, or by enhancing photosynthesis using the transgene bbx32, being present in the soybean event MON87712.

Cultivated plants comprising a modified oil content have been created by using the transgenes: gm-fad2-1 , Pj.D6D, Nc.Fad3, fad2-1A and fatb1-A. Soybean events comprising at least one of these genes are: 260-05, MON87705 and MON87769.

Tolerance to abiotic conditions, in particular to tolerance to drought, has been created by using the transgene cspB, comprised by the corn event MON87460 and by using the transgene Hahb- 4, comprised by soybean event IND-00410-5.

Traits are frequently combined by combining genes in a transformation event or by combining different events during the breeding process. Preferred combination of traits are herbicide toler- ance to different groups of herbicides, insect tolerance to different kind of insects, in particular tolerance to lepidopteran and coleopteran insects, herbicide tolerance with one or several types of insect resistance, herbicide tolerance with increased yield as well as a combination of herbicide tolerance and tolerance to abiotic conditions.

Plants comprising singular or stacked traits as well as the genes and events providing these traits are known (http://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase) and (http://cera- gmc.org/GMCropDatabase).

Further information on specific events and methods to detect them can be found for canola events MS1 , MS8, RF3, GT73, MON88302, KK179 in W001/031042, W001/041558, W001/041558, W002/036831 , WO11/153186, WO13/003558, for cotton events MON1445, MON15985, MON531 (MON15985), LLCotton25, MON88913, COT102, 281-24-236, 3006-210- 23, COT67B, GHB614, T304-40, GHB119, MON88701 , 81910 in WO02/034946, W002/100163, W002/100163, W003/013224, WO04/072235, WO04/039986, WO05/103266, WO05/103266, WO06/128573, W007/017186, W008/122406, W008/151780, WO12/134808, WO13/1 12527, for corn events GA21 , MON810, DLL25, TC1507, MON863, MIR604, LY038, MON88017, 3272, 59122, NK603, MIR162, MON89034, 98140, 32138, MON87460, 5307, 41 14, MON87427, DAS40278, MON8741 1 , 33121 , MON87403, MON87419 in W098/044140, US02/102582, US03/126634, WO04/099447, WO04/011601 , W005/103301 , W005/061720, W005/059103, WO06/098952, WO06/039376, US2007/292854, W007/142840, W007/140256, WO08/1 12019, W009/103049, WO09/111263, W010/077816, WO1 1/084621 , WO11/062904, WO1 1/022469, WO13/169923, WO14/1 16854, WO15/053998, WO15/142571 , for potato events E12, F10, J3, J55, V11 , X17, Y9 in WO14/178910, WO14/178913, WO14/178941 , WO14/179276, WO16/183445, WO17/062831 , WO17/062825, for rice events LLRICE06, LLRICE601 , LLRICE62 in WO00/026345, WO00/026356, WO00/026345 for soybean events H7-1 , MON89788, A2704-12, A5547-127, DP305423, DP356043, MON87701 , MON87769, CV127, MON87705, DAS68416-4, MON87708, MON87712, SYHT0H2, DAS81419, DAS81419 x DAS44406-6, MON87751 in WO04/074492, WO06/130436, WO06/108674, WO06/108675, WO08/054747, W008/002872, WO09/064652, WO09/102873, WO10/080829, WO10/037016, W0 1 1/066384, W011/034704, W012/051 199, W012/082548, WO13/016527, WO13/016516, WO14/201235.

The use of compositions according to the invention on cultivated plants may result in effects which are specific to a cultivated plant comprising a certain gene or event. These effects may comprise enhanced yield, enhanced resistance or tolerance to insects, nematodes, fungal, bac- terial, mycoplasma, viral or viroid pathogens as well as early vigor, early or delayed ripening, cold or heat tolerance as well as changed amino acid or fatty acid spectrum or content.

It has been found that the pesticidal activity of the compounds of the invention may be enhanced by the insecticidal trait of a modified plant. Furthermore, it has been found that the compounds of the invention are suitable for preventing insects to become resistant to the insecticidal trait or for combating pests, which already have become resistant to the insecticidal trait of a modified plant. Moreover, the compounds of the invention are suitable for combating pests, against which the insecticidal trait is not effective, so that a complementary insecticidal activity can advantageously be used.

The term "plant propagation material" refers to all the generative parts of the plant e.g. seeds and vegetative plant material e.g. cuttings and tubers (e.g. potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants. Seedlings and young plants, which are to be trans-planted after germination or after emergence from soil, may also be included. These plant propagation materi- als may be treated prophylactically with a plant protection compound either at or before planting or transplanting. The term “seed” embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots and the like, and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds.

In general, "pesticidally effective amount" means the amount of active ingredient needed to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, pre- vention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The pesticidally effective amount can vary for the various compounds/composi- tions used in the invention. A pesticidally effective amount of the compositions will also vary ac- cording to the prevailing conditions e.g. desired pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of application.

In the case of soil treatment, in furrow application or of application to the pests dwelling place or nest, the quantity of active ingredient ranges from 0.0001 to 500 g per 100 m ² , preferably from 0.001 to 20 g per 100 m ² .

For use in treating crop plants, e.g. by foliar application, the rate of application of the active ingredients of this invention may be in the range of 0.0001 g to 4000 g per hectare, e.g. from 1 g to 2 kg per hectare or from 1 g to 750 g per hectare, desirably from 1 g to 100 g per hectare, more desirably from 10 g to 50 g per hectare, e.g., 10 to 20 g per hectare, 20 to 30 g per hec-tare, 30 to 40 g per hectare, or 40 to 50 g per hectare.

The compounds of the invention are particularly suitable for use in the treatment of seeds in order to protect the seeds from insect pests, in particular from soil-living insect pests, and the resulting seedling’s roots and shoots against soil pests and foliar insects. The invention therefore also relates to a method for the protection of seeds from insects, in particular from soil insects, and of the seedling's roots and shoots from insects, in particular from soil and foliar insects, said method comprising treating the seeds before sowing and/or after pregermination with a com- pound of the invention. The protection of the seedling's roots and shoots is preferred. More pre- ferred is the protection of seedling’s shoots from piercing and sucking insects, chewing insects and nematodes.

The term “seed treatment" comprises e.g. seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soak- ing, seed pelleting, and in-furrow application methods. Preferably, the seed treatment application of the active compound is carried out by spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the plants.

The invention also comprises seeds coated with or containing the active compound. The term "coated with and/or containing" generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the propagation product at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product, depending on the method of application. When the said propagation product is (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient. Suitable seed is e.g. seed of cereals, root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices, ornamentals, e.g. seed of durum and other wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize I sweet and field corn), soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, sunflowers, bananas, rice, oilseed rape, turnip rape, sugarbeet, fodder beet, eggplants, potatoes, grass, lawn, turf, fodder grass, toma- toes, leeks, pumpkin/squash, cabbage, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumbers, melons, Brassica species, melons, beans, peas, garlic, onions, carrots, tuberous plants e.g. potatoes, sugar cane, tobacco, grapes, petunias, geranium/pelargoniums, pansies and impatiens.

In addition, the active compound may also be used for the treatment of seeds from plants, which have been modified by mutagenisis or genetic engineering, and which e.g. tolerate the action of herbicides or fungicides or insecticides.

Conventional seed treatment formulations include e.g. flowable concentrates FS, solutions LS, suspoemulsions (SE), powders for dry treatment DS, water dispersible powders for slurry treat- ment WS, water-soluble powders SS and emulsion ES and EC and gel formulation GF. These formulations can be applied to the seed diluted or undiluted. Application to the seeds is carried out before sowing, either directly on the seeds or after having pregerminated the latter. Preferably, the formulations are applied such that germination is not included.

The active substance concentrations in ready-to-use formulations, which may be obtained after two-to-tenfold dilution, are preferably from 0.01 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight.

In a preferred embodiment a FS formulation is used for seed treatment. Typically, a FS formu- lation may comprise 1-800 g/l of active ingredient, 1-200 g/l Surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l anti-freezing agent, 0 to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of a pigment and up to 1 liter of a solvent, preferably water.

Especially preferred FS formulations of the compounds of the invention for seed treatment usu- ally comprise from 0.1 to 80% by weight (1 to 800 g/l) of the active ingredient, from 0.1 to 20% by weight (1 to 200 g/l) of at least one surfactant, e.g. 0.05 to 5% by weight of a wetter and from 0.5 to 15% by weight of a dispersing agent, up to 20% by weight, e.g. from 5 to 20% of an anti-freeze agent, from 0 to 15% by weight, e.g. 1 to 15% by weight of a pigment and/or a dye, from 0 to 40% by weight, e.g. 1 to 40% by weight of a binder (sticker/adhesion agent), optionally up to 5% by weight, e.g. from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a thickener, optionally from 0.1 to 2% of an anti-foam agent, and optionally a preservative e.g. a biocide, antioxidant or the like, e.g. in an amount from 0.01 to 1 % by weight and a filler/vehicle up to 100% by weight.

In the treatment of seed, the application rates of the compounds of the invention are generally from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed and in particular from 1 g to 200 g per 100 kg of seed, e.g. from 1 g to 100 g or from 5 g to 100 g per 100 kg of seed. The invention therefore also relates to seed comprising a compound of the invention, or an ag- riculturally useful salt thereof, as defined herein. The amount of the compound of the invention or the agriculturally useful salt thereof will in general vary from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, in particular from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed. For specific crops e.g. lettuce the rate can be higher.

The compounds of the invention may also be used for improving the health of a plant. Therefore, the invention also relates to a method for improving plant health by treating a plant, plant propa- gation material and/or the locus where the plant is growing or is to grow with an effective and non- phytotoxic amount of a compound of the invention.

As used herein “an effective and non-phytotoxic amount” means that the compound is used in a quantity which allows to obtain the desired effect but which does not give rise to any phytotoxic symptom on the treated plant or on the plant grown from the treated propagule or treated soil.

"Plant health" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other e.g. yield (e.g. increased biomass and/or increased content of valuable ingredients), quality (e.g. improved content or composition of cer- tain ingredients or shelf life), plant vigour (e.g. improved plant growth and/or greener leaves (“greening effect”), tolerance to abiotic (e.g. drought) and/or biotic stress (e.g. disease) and pro- duction efficiency (e.g., harvesting efficiency, processability).

The above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent and may result from each other. Each indicator is defined in the art and can be determined by methods known to a skilled person.

The compounds of the invention are also suitable for use against non-crop insect pests. For use against said non-crop pests, compounds of the invention can be used as bait composition, gel, general insect spray, aerosol, as ultra-low volume application and bed net (impregnated or sur- face applied). Furthermore, drenching and rodding methods can be used.

As used herein, the term “non-crop insect pest” refers to pests, which are particularly relevant for non-crop targets, e.g. ants, termites, wasps, flies, ticks, mosquitoes, bed bugs, crickets, or cockroaches.

The bait can be a liquid, a solid or a semisolid preparation (e.g. a gel). The bait employed in the composition is a product, which is sufficiently attractive to incite insects e.g. ants, termites, wasps, flies, mosquitoes, crickets etc. or cockroaches to eat it. The attractiveness can be manipulated by using feeding stimulants or sex pheromones. Food stimulants are preferably chosen from animal and/or plant proteins (meat-, fish- or blood meal, insect parts, egg yolk), from fats and oils of animal and/or plant origin, or mono-, oligo- or polyorganosaccharides, especially from sucrose, lactose, fructose, dextrose, glucose, starch, pectin or even molasses or honey. Fresh or decaying parts of fruits, crops, plants, animals, insects or specific parts thereof can also serve as a feeding stimulant. Sex pheromones are known to be more insect specific. Specific pheromones are known (http://www.pherobase.com).

For use in bait compositions, the typical content of active ingredient is from 0.001 wt% to 15 wt%, desirably from 0.001 wt% to 5 wt% of active compound.

Formulations of the compounds of the invention as aerosols (e.g in spray cans), oil sprays or pump sprays are highly suitable for professional or non-professional users for controlling pests e.g. flies, fleas, ticks, bed bugs, mosquitoes or cockroaches. Aerosol recipes are preferably com- posed of the active compound, solvents, furthermore auxiliaries e.g. emulsifiers, perfume oils, if appropriate stabilizers, and, if required, propellants.

The oil spray formulations differ from the aerosol recipes in that no propellants are used.

For use in spray compositions, the content of active ingredient is from 0.001 to 80 wt%, prefer- ably from 0.01 to 50 wt% and most preferably from 0.01 to 15 wt%.

The compounds of the invention and its respective compositions can also be used in mosquito and fumigating coils, smoke cartridges, vaporizer plates or long-term vaporizers and also in moth papers, moth pads or other heat-independent vaporizer systems.

Methods to control infectious diseases transmitted by insects (e.g. malaria, dengue and yellow fever, lymphatic filariasis, and leishmaniasis) with compounds of the invention and its re-spective compositions also comprise treating surfaces of huts and houses, air spraying and impregnation of curtains, tents, clothing items, bed nets, tsetse-fly trap. Insecticidal compositions for application to fibers, fabric, knitgoods, nonwovens, netting material or foils and tarpaulins preferably comprise a mixture including the insecticide, optionally a repellent and at least one binder.

The compounds of the invention and its compositions can be used for protecting wooden mate- rials e.g. trees, board fences, sleepers, frames, artistic artifacts, etc. and buildings, but also con- struction materials, furniture, leathers, fibers, vinyl articles, electric wires and cables etc. from ants, termites and/or wood or textile destroying beetles, and for controlling ants and termites from doing harm to crops or human beings (e.g. when the pests invade into houses and public facilities or nest in yards, orchards or parks).

Customary application rates in the protection of materials are, e.g., from 0.001 g to 2000 g or from 0.01 g to 1000 g of active compound per m ² treated material, desirably from 0.1 g to 50 g per m ² .

Insecticidal compositions for use in the impregnation of materials typically contain from 0.001 to 95 wt%, preferably from 0.1 to 45 wt%, and more preferably from 1 to 25 wt% of at least one repellent and/or insecticide.

The compounds of the invention and the compositions containing them may be applied in com- bination with, or by utilizing smart agricultural technologies, such as precision agriculture, remote and proximate imaging and image recognition, or smart agricultural site management programs. These smart agricultural technologies typically include models, e.g. computer pro-grams, that support the user by considering information from a wide variety of sources to increase the quality and yield of harvested material, reduce damage by pests including the prediction of pest pressure and smart application of crop protection products, secure environ-mental protection, support quick and reliable agronomic decision making, reduce usage of fertilizers and crop protection products, reduce product residues in consumables increase spatial and temporal precision of agronomical measures, automate processes, and enable traceability of measures.

Commercially available systems which include agronomic models are e.g. FieldScripts™ from The Climate Corporation, Xarvio™ from BASF, AGLogic™ from John Deere, etc.

Information input for these models include but is not limited to soil data, information on the plants that are currently growing or that may grow at the area of interest including crop plants and/or unwanted vegetation, weather information, information on the location of the area and directly derivable information thereof, information on pest pressure, information on beneficial organisms, and I or historic information of any of the aforementioned.

The information usable for precision agriculture may be based on input by at least one user, be accessible from external data sources and databases, or be based on sensor data. Data sources typically includes proximate-detection systems like soil-borne sensors and remote sensing as may be achieved by imaging with unmanned airborne vehicles like drones, or satellites. Sensors may be included in an Internet-of-Things system and may be directly or indirectly connected to the processing unit, e.g. via a wireless network and/or cloud applications. The information is typ- ically taken into account by at least one processing unit and used to provide recommendations and generate control signals.

Typical technologies that are used in smart agricultural technologies include self-steering ro-bots (such as tractors, harvesters, drones), artificial intelligence (e.g. machine learning), imaging tech- nologies (e.g. image segmentation technologies), big data analysis, and model generation, cloud computing, and machine-to-machine communication.

Precision agriculture such as precision farming is characterized by spatially and/or temporally resolved, targeted application of active ingredients like pesticides, plant-growth-regulators, ferti- lizers, and/or water including the variation of application rates over the agronomic site, zone or spot application, and of the spatially and/or temporally resolved, targeted planting or seeding of desired plant propagation material to a agronomic site. Precision farming typically includes the use of geo-positioning technologies like GPS for gaining information on the location and bounda- ries of the area of interest, the utilized application equipment, sensing equipment and recorded data, and to control the actions of farm vehicles such as spraying. By combining geo-positioning data with (digital) maps, it is possible to (semi)-automate agricultural measures at the site of in- terest, e.g. by using (semi)-autonomous spraying or seeding equipment.

Precision farming may typically include the application of smart spraying equipment, e.g. spot spraying, and precision spraying at a farm, e.g. by irrigation systems, tractors, robots, helicopters, airplanes, unmanned aerial vehicles, such as drones. Such equipment usually includes input sen- sors (such as e.g. a camera) and a processing unit configured to analyze the input data and configured to provide a recommendation or decision based on the analysis of the input data to apply the compounds of the invention or compositions comprising them to the agronomic site, e.g. the soil, the crop plants, or to control pests in a specific and precise manner. For example, pests may be detected, identified, and/or classified from imagery acquired by a camera. Such identification and/ classification can make use of image processing algorithms, which may utilize artificial intelligence (e.g. machine learning algorithms), or decision trees. In this manner, the compounds or compositions described herein can be applied only at the required location, point in time and dose rate.

The compounds of the invention are especially suitable for efficiently combating animal pests e.g. arthropods, gastropods and nematodes including: insects from the order of Lepidoptera, e.g. Achroia grisella, Acleris spp. e.g. A. fimbriana, A. gloverana, A. variana; Acrolepiopsis assectella, Acronicta major, Adoxophyes spp. e.g. A. cyr- tosema, A. orana; Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp. e.g. A. exclamationis, A. fucosa, A. ipsilon, A. orthogoma, A. segetum, A. subterranea; Alabama argillacea, Aleurodicus dispersus, Alsophila pometaria, Ampelophaga rubiginosa, Amyelois transitella, Anacampsis sarcitella, Anagasta ku- ehniella, Anarsia lineatella, Anisota sanatoria, Antheraea pernyi, Anticarsia (=Thermesia) spp. e.g. A. gemmatalis; Apamea spp., Aproaerema modicella, Archips spp. e.g. A. argyrospila, A. fuscocupreanus, A. rosana, A. xyloseanus; Argyresthia conjugella, Argyroploce spp., Argyrotae- nia spp. e.g. A. velutinana; Athetis mindara, Austroasca viridigrisea, Autographa gamma, Autog- rapha nigrisigna, Barathra brassicae, Bedellia spp., Bonagota salubricola, Borbo cinnara, Buccu- latrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, Busseola spp., Cacoecia spp. e.g. C. murinana, C. podana; Cactoblastis cactorum, Cadra cautella, Calingo braziliensis, Caloptilis theivora, Capua reticulana, Carposina spp. e.g. C. niponensis, C. sasakii; Cephus spp., Chaetocnema aridula, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp. e.g. C. Indicus, C. suppressalis, C. partellus; Choreutis pariana, Choris- toneura spp. e.g. C. conflictana, C. fumiferana, C. longicellana, C. murinana, C. occidentalis, C. rosaceana; Chrysodeixis (=Pseudoplusia) spp., e.g. C. eriosoma, C. includens; Cirphis unipuncta, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cnephasia spp., Cochylis hospes, Coleophora spp., Colias eurytheme, Conopomorpha spp., Conotrachelus spp., Copitar- sia spp., Corcyra cephalonica, Crambus caliginosellus, Crambus teterrellus, Crocidosema (=Ep- inotia) aporema, Cydalima (=Diaphania) perspectalis, Cydia (=Carpocapsa) spp., e.g. C. pomo- nella, C. latiferreana; Dalaca noctuides, Datana integerrima, Dasychira pinicola, Dendrolimus spp., e.g. D. pini, D. spectabilis, D. sibiricus; Desmia funeralis, Diaphania spp., e.g. D. nitidalis, D. hyalinata; Diatraea grandiosella, Diatraea saccharalis, Diphthera festiva, Earias spp. e.g. E. insulana, E. vittella; Ecdytolopha aurantianu, Egira (=Xylomyges) curialis, Elasmopalpus lignosel- lus, Eldana saccharina, Endopiza viteana, Enno-mos subsignaria, Eoreuma loftini, Ephestia spp., e.g. E. cautella, E. elutella, E. kuehniella; Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erannis tiliaria, Erionota thrax, Etiella spp., Eulia spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Evetria bouliana, Faronta albilinea, Feltia spp. e.g. F. subterranean; Galleria mellonella, Gracillaria spp., Grapholita spp. e.g. G. funebrana, G. molesta, G. inopinata; Halysidota spp., Harrisina americana, Hedylepta spp., Helicoverpa spp. e.g. H. armigera (=Heliothis armigera), H. zea (=Heliothis zea); Heliothis spp. e.g. H. assulta, H. subflexa, H. virescens; Hellula spp. e.g. H. undalis, H. rogatalis; Helocoverpa gelotopoeon, Hemileuca oliviae, Herpetogramma licarsisalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Homoeosoma electellum, Homona magnan- ima, Hypena scabra, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta padella, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Ka- kivoria flavofasciata, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria, Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa, Lamprosema indicata, Laspeyresia molesta, Leguminivora glycinivorella, Lerodea eufala, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoma salicis, Leucoptera spp. e.g. L. coffeella, L. scitella; Leuminivora lycinivorella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane antennata, Llattia octo (=Amyna axis), Lobesia botrana, Lophocampa spp., Loxagrotis albicosta, Loxostege spp. e.g. L. sticticalis, L. cereralis; Lymantria spp., e.g. L. dispar, L. monacha; Lyonetia clerkella, Lyonetia prunifoliella, Malacosoma spp., e.g. M. americanum, M. californicum, M. constrictum, M. neu-stria; Mamestra spp., e.g. M. brassicae, M. configurata; Mamstra brassicae, Manduca spp. e.g. M. quinquemacu- lata, M. sexta; Marasmia spp, Marmara spp., Maruca testulalis, Megalopyge lanata, Melanchra picta, Melanitis leda, Mocis spp., e.g. M. lapites, M. repanda; Mocis latipes, Monochroa fragariae, Mythimna separata, Nemapogon cloacella, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Nepytia spp., Nymphula spp., Oiketicus spp., Omiodes indicata, Omphisa anastomosalis, Operophtera brumata, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Oria spp., Orthaga thyrisalis, Ostrinia spp. e.g. O. nubilalis; Oulema oryzae, Pa- leacrita vernata, Panolis flammea, Parnara spp., Papaipema nebris, Papilio cresphontes, Para- myelois transitella, Paranthrene regalis, Paysandisia archon, Pectinophora spp. e.g. P. gossy- piella; Peridroma saucia, Perileucoptera spp., e.g. P. coffeella; Phalera bucephala, Phryganidia californica, Phthorimaea spp. e.g. P. operculella; Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonorycter spp. e.g. P. blancardella, P. crataegella, P. issikii, P. ringoniella; Pieris spp. e.g. P. brassicae, P. rapae, P. napi; Pilocrocis tripunctata, Plathypena scabra, Platynota spp. e.g. P. flavedana, P. idaeusalis, P. stultana; Platyptilia carduidactyla, Plebejus argus, Plo-dia interpunctella, Plusia spp, Plutella mac- ulipennis, Plutella xylostella, Pontia protodica, Prays spp., Prodenia spp., Proxenus lepigone, Pseudaletia spp. e.g. P. sequax, P. unipuncta; Pyrausta nubilalis, Rachiplusia nu, Richia al- bicosta, Rhizobius ventralis, Rhyacionia frustrana, Sabulodes aegrotata, Schizura concinna, Schoenobius spp., Schreckensteinia festaliella, Scirpophaga spp. e.g. S. incertulas, S. innotata; Scotia segetum, Sesamia spp. e.g. S. inferens, Seudyra subflava, Sitotroga cerealella, Spargan- othis pilleriana, Spilonota lechriaspis, S. ocelli-na, Spodoptera (=Lamphygma) spp. e.g. S. cos- moides, S. eridania, S. exigua, S. frugiperda, S. latisfascia, S. littoralis, S. litura, S. omithogalli; Stigmella spp., Stomopteryx subsecivella, Strymon bazochii, Sylepta derogata, Synanthedon spp. e.g. S. exitiosa, Tecia solanivora, Telehin licus, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Thaumatotibia (=Cryptophlebia) leucotreta, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, Thecla spp., Theresimima am- pelophaga, Thyrinteina spp, Tildenia inconspicuella, Tinea spp. e.g. T. cloacella, T. pellionella; Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix spp. e.g. T. viridana; Trichophaga tapetzella, Trichoplusia spp. e.g. T. ni; Tuta (=Scrobipalpula) absoluta, Udea spp. e.g. U. rubigalis, U. rubigalis; Virachola spp., Yponomeuta padella, and Zeiraphera canadensis; insects from the order of Coleoptera, e.g. Acalymma vittatum, Acanthoscehdes obtectus, Adore- tus spp., Agelastica alni, Agrilus spp. e.g. A. anxius, A. planipennis, A. sinuatus; Agriotes spp. e.g. A. fuscicollis, A. lineatus, A. obscurus; Alphitobius diaperinus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Ani- sandrus dispar, Anisoplia austriaca, Anobium punctatum, Anomala corpulenta, Anomala rufocu- prea, Anoplophora spp. e.g. A. glabripennis; Anthonomus spp. e.g. A. eugenii, A. grandis, A. pomorum; Anthrenus spp., Aphthona euphoridae, Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Athous haemor- rhoidalis, Atomaria spp. e.g. A. linearis; Attagenus spp., Aulacophora femoralis, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchidius obtectus, Bruchus spp. e.g. B. lentis, B. pisorum, B. rufimanus; Byctiscus betulae, Callidiellum rufipenne, Callopistria floridensis, Callosobruchus chinensis, Cameraria ohridella, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceutho- rhynchus spp. e.g. C. assimilis, C. napi; Chaetocnema tibialis, Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp. e.g. C. vespertinus; Conotrachelus nenuphar, Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Cri- oceris asparagi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Ctenicera spp. e.g. C. destruc- tor; Curculio spp., Cylindrocopturus spp., Cyclocephala spp., Dac-tylispa balyi, Dectes texanus, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp. e.g. D. undecimpunctata, D. speciosa, D. longicornis, D. semi- punctata, D. virgifera; Diaprepes abbreviates, Dichocrocis spp., Dicladispa armigera, Diloboderus abderus, Diocalandra frumenti (Diocalandra stigmaticollis), Enaphalodes rufulus, Epilachna spp. e.g. E. varivestis, E. vigintioctomaculata; Epitrix spp. e.g. E. hirtipennis, E. similaris; Eutheola humilis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Faustinus cubae, Gibbium psylloides, Gnathocerus cornutus, Hellula undalis, Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylobius abietis, Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera spp., e.g. H. brunneipennis, H. postica; Hypomeces squamosus, Hypothenemus spp., Ips typographus, Lachnosterna consanguinea, Lasioderma serricorne, Latheticus oryzae, Lathridius spp., Lerna spp. e.g. L. bilineata, L. melanopus; Leptinotarsa spp. e.g. L. decemlineata; Leptispa pygmaea, Limonius californi-cus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Luperodes spp., Lyctus spp. e.g. L. bruneus; Liogenys fuscus, Macrodactylus spp. e.g. M. subspinosus; Maladera matrida, Megaplatypus mutates, Megascelis spp., Melanotus communis, Meligethes spp. e.g. M. aeneus; Melolontha spp. e.g. M. hippocastani, M. melolontha; Metamasius hemipterus, Micro- theca spp., Migdolus spp. e.g. M. fryanus, Monochamus spp. e.g. M. alternatus; Naupactus xan- thographus, Niptus hololeucus, Oberia brevis, Oemona hirta, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oryzaphagus oryzae, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Otiorrhyn- chus sulcatus, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Oxycetonia jucunda, Phaedon spp. e.g. P. brassicae, P. cochleariae; Phoracantha recurva, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllopertha horticola, Phyl- lophaga spp. e.g. P. helleri; Phyllotreta spp. e.g. P. chrysocephala, P. nemorum, P. striolata, P. vittula; Phyllopertha horticola, Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psacothea hilaris, Psylliodes chrysocephala, Prostephanus truncates, Psylliodes spp., Ptinus spp., Pulga saltona, Rhizopertha dominica, Rhynchophorus spp. e.g. R. billineatus, R. ferrugineus, R. palmarum, R. phoenicis, R. vulneratus; Saperda Candida, Scolytus schevyrewi, Scyphophorus acupunctatus, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus spp. e.g. S. granaria, S. oryzae, S. zeamais; Sphenophorus spp. e.g. S. levis; Stego- bium paniceum, Sternechus spp. e.g. S. subsignatus; Strophomorphus ctenotus, Symphyletes spp., Tanymecus spp., Tenebrio molitor, Tenebrioides mauretanicus, Tribolium spp. e.g. T. cas- taneum; Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp., Xylotrechus spp. e.g. X. pyrrhoderus; and, Zabrus spp. e.g. Z. tenebrioides; insects from the order of Diptera e.g. Aedes spp. e.g. A. aegypti, A. albopictus, A. vexans; Anas- trepha ludens, Anopheles spp. e.g. A. albimanus, A. crucians, A. freeborni, A. gambiae, A. leuco- sphyrus, A. maculipennis, A. minimus, A. quadrimaculatus, A. sinensis; Bactrocera invadens, Bibio hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomyia spp. e.g. C. bezziana, C. hominivorax, C. macellaria; Chrysops atlanticus, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Cochliomyia spp. e.g. C. hominivorax; Contarinia spp. e.g. C. sorghicola; Cordylobia an- thropophaga, Culex spp. e.g. C. nigripalpus, C. pipiens, C. quinquefasciatus, C. tarsalis, C. tri- taeniorhynchus; Culicoides furens, Culiseta inornata, Culiseta melanura, Cuterebra spp., Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Dasineura oxycoccana, Delia spp. e.g. D. antique, D. coarctata, D. platura, D. radicum; Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp. e.g. D. suzukii, Fannia spp. e.g. F. canicularis; Gastraphilus spp. e.g. G. intestinalis; Geomyza tipunctata, Glossina spp. e.g. G. fuscipes, G. morsitans, G. palpalis, G. tachinoides; Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia spp. e.g. H. platura; Hypoderma spp. e.g. H. lineata; Hyppo- bosca spp., Hydrellia philippina, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza spp. e.g. L. sativae, L. trifolii; Lucilia spp. e.g. L. caprina, L. cuprina, L. sericata; Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola spp. e.g. M. destructor; Musca spp. e.g. M. autumnalis, M. domestica; Muscina stabu- lans, Oestrus spp. e.g. O. ovis; Opomyza florum, Oscinella spp. e.g. O. frit; Orseolia oryzae, Pegomya hysocyami, Phlebotomus argentipes, Phorbia spp. e.g. P. antiqua, P. brassicae, P. co- arctata; Phytomyza gymnostoma, Prosimulium mixtum, Psila rosae, Psorophora columbiae, Pso- rophora discolor, Rhagoletis spp. e.g. R. cerasi, R. cingulate, R. indifferens, R. mendax, R. po- monella; Rivellia quadrifasciata, Sarcophaga spp. e.g. S. haemorrhoidalis; Simulium vittatum, Sitodiplosis mosellana, Stomoxys spp. e.g. S. calcitrans; Tabanus spp. e.g. T. atratus, T. bovinus, T. lineola, T. similis; Tannia spp., Thecodiplo-sis japonensis, Tipula oleracea, Tipula paludosa, and Wohlfahrtia spp; insects from the order of Thysanoptera e.g., Baliothrips biformis, Dichromothrips corbetti, Di- chromothrips ssp., Echinothrips americanus, Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp. e.g. F. fusca, F. occidentalis, F. tritici; Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips spp., Microcephalo- thrips abdominalis, Neohydatothrips samayunkur, Pezothrips kellyanus, Rhipiphorothrips cru- entatus, Scirtothrips spp. e.g. S. citri, S. dorsalis, S. perseae; Stenchaetothrips spp, Taeniothrips cardamon!, Taeniothrips inconsequens, Thrips spp. e.g. T. imagines, T. hawaiiensis, T. oryzae, T. palmi, T. parvispinus, T. tabaci; insects from the order of Hemiptera e.g., Acizzia jamatonica, Acrosternum spp., e.g. A. hilare; Acyrthosipon spp., e.g. A. onobrychis, A. pisum; Adelges laricis, Adelges tsugae, Adelphocoris spp., e.g. A. rapidus, A. superbus; Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp., Aulacorthum solani, Al- eurocanthus woglumi, Aleurodes spp., Aleurodicus disperses, Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleuro- thrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anasa tristis, Antestiopsis spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma piri, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis spp. e.g. A. craccivora, A. fabae, A. forbesi, A. goss- ypii, A. grossulariae, A. maidiradicis, A. pomi, A. sambuci, A. schneideri, A. spiraecola; Arboridia apicalis, Arilus critatus, Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacaspis yasumatsui, Au- lacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli (Paratrioza cockerelli), Bemisia spp. e.g. B. argentifolii, B. tabaci (Aleurodes tabaci); Blissus spp. e.g. B. leucopterus; Brachycaudus spp. e.g. B. cardui, B. helichrysi, B. persicae, B. prunicola; Brachycolus spp., Brachycorynella as-paragi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp. e.g. C. fulguralis, C. pyricola (Psylla piri); Calligypona marginata, Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida, Capitophorus horni, Carneocephala fulgida, Cavelerius spp., Ceraplastes spp., Ceratovacuna lanigera, Ceroplastes ceriferus, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosi- phon fragaefolii, Chionaspistegalensis, Chlorita onukii, Chromaphisjuglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Cimex spp. e.g. C. hemipterus, C. lectularius; Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp. e.g. C. hesperidum, C. pseudomagnoliarum; Corythucha arcuata, Creontiades dilutus, Cryp- tomyzus ribis, Chrysomphalus aonidum, Cryptomyzus ribis, Ctenarytaina spatulata, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dalbulus spp., Dasynus piperis, Dialeurodes spp. e.g. D. citrifolii; Dalbulus maidis, Di- aphorina spp. e.g. D. citri; Diaspis spp. e.g. D. bromeliae; Dichelops furcatus, Diconocoris hewetti, Doralis spp., Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp. e.g. D. plantaginea, D. pyri, D. radicola; Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysdercus spp. e.g. D. cingula- tus, D. intermedius; Dysmicoccus spp., Edessa spp., Geocoris spp., Empoasca spp. e.g. E. fa- bae, E. solana; Epidiaspis leperii, Eriosoma spp. e g. E. lanigerum, E. pyricola; Erythroneura spp., Eurygaster spp. e.g. E. integriceps; Euscelis bilobatus, Euschistus spp. e.g. E. heros, E. impic- tiventris, E. servus; Fiorinia theae, Geococcus coffeae, Glycaspis brimblecombei, Halyomorpha spp. e.g. H. halys; Heliopeltis spp., Homalodisca vitripennis (=H. coagulata), Horcias nobilellus, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Icerya spp. e.g. I. purchase; Idiocerus spp., Idioscopus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lecanoideus floccissimus, Lepidosaphes spp. e.g. L. ulmi; Leptocorisa spp., Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lipaphis erysimi, Lygus spp. e.g. L. hesperus, L. lineolaris, L. praten-sis; Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Marchalina hellenica, Macropes excavatus, Macrosiphum spp. e.g. M. rosae, M. avenae, M. euphorbiae; Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Ma- hanarva fimbriolata, Megacopta cribraria, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Melanaphis sac- chari, Melanocallis (=Tinocallis) caryaefoliae, Metcafiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodum, Monel- lia costalis, Mo-nelliopsis pecanis, Myzocallis coryli, Murgantia spp., Myzus spp. e.g. M. ascalo- nicus, M. cerasi, M. nicotianae, M. persicae, M. varians; Nasonovia ribisnigri, Neotoxoptera for- mosana, Neomegalotomus spp, Nephotettix spp. e.g. N. malayanus, N. nigropictus, N. parvus,

N. vires-cens; Nezara spp. e.g. N. viridula; Nilaparvata lugens, Nysius huttoni, Oebalus spp. e.g.

O. pugnax; Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Oxycaraenus hyalinipennis, Parabemisia my- ricae, Parlatoria spp., Parthenolecanium spp. e.g. P. corni, P. persicae; Pemphigus spp. e.g. P. bursarius, P. populivenae; Peregrinus maidis, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phenacoccus spp. e.g.

P. aceris, P. gossypii; Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli, Phylloxera spp. e.g. P. devas- tatrix, Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp. e.g. P. guildinii; Pinnaspis aspidistrae, Pianococcus spp. e.g. P. citri, P. ficus; Prosapia bicincta, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta persea, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp. e.g. P. comstocki; Psylla spp. e.g. P. mali; Pteromalus spp., Pulvinaria amygdali, Pyrilla spp., Quadraspidiotus spp., e.g. Q. pernicio- sus; Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Reduvius senilis, Rhizoecus americanus, Rhodnius spp., Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum spp. e.g. R. pseudobrassicas, R. insertum, R. maidis, R. padi; Sagatodes spp., Sahlbergella singulars, Saissetia spp., Sappaphis mala, Sap- paphis mali, Scaptocoris spp., Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanugi- nosa, Scotinophora spp., Selenaspidus articulatus, Sitobion avenae, Sogata spp., Sogatella fur- cifera, Solubea insularis, Spissistilus festinus (=Stictocephala festina), Stephanitis nashi, Steph- anitis pyrioides, Stephanitis takeyai, Tenalaphara malayensis, Tetraleurodes perseae, Therio- aphis maculate, Thyanta spp. e.g. T. accerra, T. perditor; Tibraca spp., Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp. e.g. T. aurantii; Trialeurodes spp. e.g. T. abutilonea, T. ricini, T. vaporariorum; Triatoma spp., Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp., Unaspis spp. e.g. U. citri, U. yanonensis; and Viteus vitifolii,

Insects from the order Hymenoptera e.g. Acanthomyops interjectus, Athalia rosae, Atta spp. e.g. A. capiguara, A. cephalotes, A. cephalotes, A. laevigata, A. robusta, A. sexdens, A. texana, Bom- bus spp., Brachymyrmex spp., Camponotus spp. e.g. C. floridanus, C. pennsylvanicus, C. modoc; Cardiocondyla nuda, Chalibion sp, Crematogaster spp., Dasymutilla occidentalis, Diprion spp., Dolichovespula maculata, Dorymyrmex spp., Dryocosmus kuriphilus, Formica spp., Hoplocampa spp. e.g. H. minuta, H. testudinea; Iridomyrmex humilis, Lasius spp. e.g. L. niger, Linepithema humile, Liometopum spp., Leptocybe invasa, Monomorium spp. e.g. M. pharaonis, Monomorium, Nylandria fulva, Pachycondyla chinensis, Paratrechina longicornis, Paravespula spp., e.g. P. ger- manica, P. pennsylvanica, P. vulgaris; Pheidole spp. e.g. P. megacephala; Pogonomyrmex spp. e.g. P. barbatus, P. californicus, Polistes rubiginosa, Prenolepis impairs, Pseudomyrmex gracilis, Schelipron spp., Sirex cyaneus, Solenopsis spp. e.g. S. geminata, S.invicta, S. molesta, S. rich- teri, S. xyloni, Sphecius speciosus, Sphex spp., Tapinoma spp. e.g. T. melanocephalum, T. ses- sile; Tetramorium spp., e.g. T. caespitum, T. bicarinatum, Vespa spp., e.g. V. crabro; Vespula spp., e.g. V. squamosal; Wasmannia auropunctata, Xylocopa sp;

Insects from the order Orthoptera e.g. Acheta domesticus, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, Ceuthophilus spp., Diastrammena asynamora, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Gryllo- talpa spp. e.g. G. africana, G. gryllotalpa; Gryllus spp., Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria an- gulifera, Locusta spp. e.g. L. migratoria, L. pardalina; Melanoplus spp. e.g. M. bivittatus, M. fe- murrubrum, M. mexicanus, M. sanguinipes, M. spretus; Nomadacris septemfasciata, Oedaleus senegalensis, Scapteriscus spp., Schistocerca spp. e.g. S. americana, S. gregaria, Stemopel- matus spp., Tachycines asynamorus, and Zonozerus variegatus;

Pests from the Class Arachnida e.g. Acari.e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sar-cop- tidae, e.g. Amblyomma spp. (e.g. A. americanum, A. variegatum, A. maculatum), Argas spp. e.g. A. persicu), Boophilus spp. e.g. B. annulatus, B. decoloratus, B. microplus, Dermacentor spp. e.g. D.silvarum, D. andersoni, D. variabilis, Hyalomma spp. e.g. H. truncatum, Ixodes spp. e.g. I. rici- nus, I. rubicundus, I. scapularis, I. holocyclus, I. pacificus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ornithodo- rus spp. e.g. O. moubata, O. hermsi, O. turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Der- manyssus gallinae, Psoroptes spp. e.g. P. ovis, Rhipicephalus spp. e.g. R. sanguineus, R. ap- pendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp. e.g. S. Scabiei; and Fam- ily Eriophyidae including Aceria spp. e.g. A. sheldoni, A. anthocoptes, Acallitus spp., Aculops spp. e.g. A. lycopersici, A. pelekassi; Aculus spp. e.g. A. schlechtendali; Colomerus vitis, Epitrimerus pyri, Phyllocoptruta oleivora; Eriophytes ribis and Eriophyes spp. e.g. Eriophyes sheldoni; Family Tarsonemidae including Hemitarsonemus spp., Phytonemus pallidus and Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Stenotarsonemus spp. Steneotarsonemus spinki; Family Tenuipalpidae including Brevipal- pus spp. e.g. B. phoenicis; Family Tetranychidae including Eotetranychus spp., Eutetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Petrobia latens, Tetranychus spp. e.g. T. cinnabarinus, T. evansi, T. kanzawai, T, pacificus, T. phaseulus, T. telarius and T. urticae; Bryobia praetiosa; Panonychus spp. e.g. P. ulmi, P. citri; Metatetranychus spp. and Oligonychus spp. e.g. O. pratensis, O. per- seae, Vasates lycopersici; Raoiella indica, Family Carpoglyphidae including Carpoglyphus spp.; Penthaleidae spp. e.g. Halotydeus destructor; Family Demodicidae with species e.g. Demodex spp.; Family Trombicidea including Trombicula spp.; Family Macronyssidae including Ornotho- nyssus spp.; Family Pyemotidae including Pyemotes tritici; Tyrophagus putrescentiae; Family Acaridae includ-ing Acarus siro; Family Araneida including Latrodectus mactans, Tegenaria agrestis, Chi-racanthium sp, Lycosa sp Achaearanea tepidariorum and Loxosceles reclusa;

Pests from the Phylum Nematoda, e.g. plant parasitic nematodes e.g. root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. e.g. M. hapla, M. incognita, M. javanica; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera spp. e.g. G. rostochiensis; Heterodera spp. e.g. H. avenae, H. glycines, H. schachtii, H. trifolii; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina spp.; Stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides spp. e.g. A. besseyi; Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus spp. e.g. B. longicaudatus; Pine nematodes, Bursaphe- lenchus spp. e.g. B. lignicolus, B. xylophilus; Ring nematodes, Criconema spp., Criconemella spp. e.g. C. xenoplax and C. ornata; and, Criconemoides spp. e.g. Criconemoides informis; Mes- ocriconema spp.; Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus spp. e.g. D. destructor, D. dipsaci; Awl nematodes, Dolichodorus spp.; Spiral nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus; Sheath and sheathoid nematodes, Hemicycliophora spp. and Hemicriconemoides spp.; Hirshmanniella spp.; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus spp.; False rootknot nematodes, Nacobbus spp.; Needle nema- todes, Longidorus spp. e.g. L. elongatus; Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp. e.g. P. brachy- urus, P. neglectus, P. penetrans, P. curvitatus, P. goodeyi; Burrowing nema-todes, Radopholus spp. e.g. R. similis; Rhadopholus spp.; Rhodopholus spp.; Reniform nematodes, Rotylenchus spp. e.g. R. robustus, R. reniformis; Scutellonema spp.; Stubby-root nematode, Trichodorus spp. e.g. T. obtusus, T. primitivus; Paratrichodorus spp. e.g. P. minor; Stunt nematodes, Tylencho- rhynchus spp. e.g. T. claytoni, T. dubius; Citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus spp. e.g. T. semipene- trans; Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema spp.; and other plant parasitic nematode species;

Insects from the order Blattodea e.g. Macrotermes spp. e.g. M. natalensis; Cornitermes cu-mu- lans, Procornitermes spp., Globitermes sulfureus, Neocapritermes spp. e.g. N. opacus, N. parvus; Odontotermes spp., Nasutitermes spp. e.g. N. corniger; Coptotermes spp. e.g. C. for-mosanus, C. gestroi, C. acinaciformis; Reticulitermes spp. e.g. R. hesperus, R. tibialis, R. speratus, R. flavipes, R. grassei, R. lucifugus, R. virginicus; Heterotermes spp. e.g. H. aureus, H. longiceps, H. tenuis; Cryptotermes spp. e.g. C. brevis, C. cavifrons; Incisitermes spp. e.g. I. minor, I. snyderi; Marginitermes hubbardi, Kalotermes flavicollis, Neotermes spp. e.g. N. cas-taneus, Zootermopsis spp. e.g. Z. angusticollis, Z. nevadensis, Mastotermes spp. e.g. M. dar-winiensis; Blatta spp. e.g. B. orientalis, B. lateralis; Blattella spp. e.g. B. asahinae, B. germanica; Rhyparobia maderae, Panchlora nivea, Periplaneta spp. e.g. P. americana, P. australasiae, P. brunnea, P. fuliginosa, P. japonica; Supella longipalpa, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Eurycotis floridana, Pycnoscelus su- rinamensis,

Insects from the order Siphonoptera e.g. Cediopsylla simples, Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenoce- phalides spp. e.g. C. felis, C. canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Trichodectes canis, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus,

Insects from the order Thysanura e.g. Lepisma saccharina, Ctenolepisma urbana, and Thermo- bia domestica,

Pests from the class Chilopoda e.g. Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp. e.g. Scutigera coleoptrata;

Pests from the class Diplopoda e.g. Blaniulus guttulatus, Julus spp., Narceus spp.,

Pests from the class Symphyla e.g. Scutigerella immaculata,

Insects from the order Dermaptera, e.g. Forficula auricularia,

Insects from the order Collembola, e.g. Onychiurus spp., e.g. Onychiurus armatus,

Pests from the order Isopoda, e.g. Armadillidium vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber, Insects from the order Phthiraptera, e g. Damalinia spp., Pediculus spp. e.g. Pediculus hu-ma- nus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pediculus humanus humanus; Pthirus pubis, Haema- topinus spp. e.g. Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus suis; Linognathus spp. e.g. Linognathus vituli; Bovicola bovis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus, Trichodectes spp.,

Further pest species which may be controlled by compounds I include: from the Phylum Mol- lusca, class Bivalvia, e.g., Dreissena spp.; class Gastropoda, e.g., Arion spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Pomacea can- aliclata, Succinea spp.; from the class of the helminths, e.g., Ancylostoma duodenale, Ancy- lostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Dictyocaulus filaria, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp. e.g. Haemonchus contortus; Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongu- lus spp., Loa Loa, Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuel-leborni, Strongyloides stercora lis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelson!, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, Trichostrongu- lus spp., Trichuris trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti.

The compounds of the invention are particularly suitable for efficiently combating insects from the sub-order of Auchenorrhyncha, e.g. Amrasca biguttula, Empoasca spp., Ne- photettix virescens, Sogatella furcifera, Mahanarva spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Nilapar-vata lugens, Diaphorina citri;

Lepidoptera, e.g. Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis virescens, Lobesia botrana, Ostrinia nubilalis, Plu- tella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Scirpophaga incertulas, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Tuta absoluta, Cnaphalocrocis medialis, Cydia pomonella, Chilo suppressalis, Anticarsia gem- matalis, Agrotis ipsilon, Chrysodeixis includens;

True bugs, e.g. Lygus spp., Stink bugs such as Euschistus spp., Halyomorpha halys, Nezara viridula, Piezodorus guildinii, Dichelops furcatus;

Thrips, e.g. Frankliniella spp., Thrips spp., Dichromothrips corbettii;

Aphids, e.g. Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis spp., Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum spp., Schi- zaphis graminum, Megoura viciae;

Whiteflies, e.g. Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia spp.;

Coleoptera, e.g. Phyllotreta spp., Melanotus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Leptinotarsa decimline- ata, Ceutorhynchus spp., Diabrotica spp., Anthonomus grandis, Atomaria linearia, Agriotes spp., Epilachna spp.;

Flies, e.g. Delia spp., Ceratitis capitate, Bactrocera spp., Liriomyza spp.; Coccoidea, e.g. Aonidiella aurantia, Ferrisia virgate;

Anthropods of class Arachnida (Mites), e.g. Penthaleus major, Tetranychus spp.;

Nematodes, e.g. Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne sp., Pratylenchus spp., Caenorhabditis ele- gans.

The compounds of the invention are suitable for use in treating or protecting animals against infestation or infection by parasites. Therefore, the invention also relates to the use of a compound of the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment or protection of animals against infestation or infection by parasites. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of treating or protecting animals against infestation and infection by parasites, which comprises orally, topically or parenterally administering or applying to the animals a parasiticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The invention also relates to the non-therapeutic use of compounds of the invention for treating or protecting animals against infestation and infection by parasites. Moreover, the invention re- lates to a non-therapeutic method of treating or protecting animals against infestation and infec- tion by parasites, which comprises applying to a locus a parasiticidally effective amount of a com- pound of the invention.

The compounds of the invention are further suitable for use in combating or controlling parasites in and on animals. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of combating or con-trolling parasites in and on animals, which comprises contacting the parasites with a parasitically effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The invention also relates to the non-therapeutic use of compounds of the invention for con- trolling or combating parasites. Moreover, the invention relates to a non-therapeutic method of combating or controlling parasites, which comprises applying to a locus a parasiticidally effective amount of a compound of the invention.

The compounds of the invention can be effective through both contact (via soil, glass, wall, bed net, carpet, blankets or animal parts) and ingestion (e.g. baits). Furthermore, the compounds of the invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages.

The compounds of the invention can be applied as such or in form of compositions comprising the compounds of the invention.

The compounds of the invention and compositions comprising them can be applied orally, par- enterally or topically, e.g. dermally. The compounds of the invention can be systemically or non- systemically effective.

The application can be carried out prophylactically, therapeutically or non-therapeutically. Fur- thermore, the application can be carried out preventively to places at which occurrence of the parasites is expected.

As used herein, the term "contacting" includes both direct contact (applying the com- pounds/compositions directly on the parasite, including the application directly on the animal or excluding the application directly on the animal, e.g. at its locus for the latter) and indirect contact (applying the compounds to the locus of the parasite). The contact of the parasite through appli- cation to its locus is an example of a non-therapeutic use of the compounds of the invention.

The term "locus" means the habitat, food supply, breeding ground, area, material or environment in which a parasite is growing or may grow outside of the animal.

As used herein, the term "parasites” includes endo- and ectoparasites. In some embodiments of the invention, endoparasites can be preferred. In other embodiments, ectoparasites can be pre- ferred. Infestations in warm-blooded animals and fish include lice, biting lice, ticks, nasal bots, keds, biting flies, muscoid flies, flies, myiasitic fly larvae, chiggers, gnats, mosquitoes and fleas.

The compounds of the invention are especially useful for combating parasites of the following orders and species, respectively: fleas (Siphonaptera), e.g. Ctenocephalides felis, C. canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irri-tans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus; cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), e.g. Blattella germanica, B. asahinae, Periplaneta americana, P. japonica, P. brunnea, P. fuligginosa, P. aus- tralasiae, and Blatta orientalis; flies, mosquitoes (Diptera), e.g. Aedes aegypti, A. albopictus, A. vexans, Anastrepha ludens, Anopheles maculipennis, A. crucians, A. albimanus, A. gambiae, A. freeborni, A. leucosphyrus, A. minimus, A. quadrimaculatus, Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya bez- ziana, C. hominivorax, C. macellaria, Chrysops discalis, C. silacea, C. atlanticus, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Culex pipiens, C. nigripalpus, C. quinquefasciatus, C. tarsalis, Culiseta inornata, C. melanura, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canic- ularis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, G. palpalis, G. fuscipes, G. tachinoides, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hypoderma line-ata, Leptoconops torrens, Lucilia caprina, L. cuprina, L. sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia spp., Musca domes- tica, M. stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Phlebotomus argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, P. discolor, Prosimulium mixtum, Sarcophaga spp., S. haemorrhoidalis, Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calci- trans, Tabanus bovinus, T. atratus, T. lineola, and T. similis; lice (Phthiraptera), e.g. Pediculus humanus capitis, P. humanus humanus, Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus eurysternus, H. suis, Linognathus vituli, Bovicola bovis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, and Solenopotes capillatus; ticks and parasitic mites (Parasitiformes): ticks (Ixodida), e.g. Ixodes scapularis, I. hol- ocyclus, I. pacificus, Rhiphicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor andersoni, D. variabilis, Am- blyomma americanum, A. maculatum, Ornithodorus hermsi, O. turicata and parasitic mites (Mesostigmata), e.g. Ornithonyssus bacoti, Dermanyssus gallinae; Actinedida (Prostigmata) and Acaridida (Astigmata), e.g. Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demo-dex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Oto- dectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp., and Lamino- sioptes spp; Bugs (Het-eropterida): Cimex lectularius, C. hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma spp., Rhodnius ssp., Panstrongylus ssp., and Arilus critatus; Anoplurida, e.g. Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Phtirus spp., and Solenopotes spp.; Mallophagida (suborders Arnblycerina and Ischnocerina), e.g. Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp., Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Trichodectes spp., and Felicola spp.; Roundworms Nematoda: Wipeworms and Trichinosis (Trichosyringida), e.g. Trichinellidae (Trichinella spp.), (Trichuridae) Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp.; Rhabditida, e.g. Rhabditis spp., Strongyloides spp., Helicephalobus spp.; Strongylida, e.g. Strongylus spp., Ancylostoma spp., Necator americanus, Bunostomum spp. (Hookworm), Trichostrongylus spp., Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia spp., Cooperia spp., Nematodirus spp., Dictyocaulus spp., Cyathostoma spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Stephanurus dentatus, Ollulanus spp., Chabertia spp., Stephanurus dentatus, Syngamus trachea, Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria spp., Globocephalus spp., Necator spp., Metastrongylus spp., Muellerius capillaris, Protostrongylus spp., Angiostrongylus spp., Parelaphostrongylus spp., Aleurostrongylus abstrusus, and Dioctophyma renale; Intestinal roundworms (Ascaridida), e.g. Ascaris lumbricoides, Ascaris suum, Ascaridia galli, Parascaris equorum, Enterobius vermicularis (Threadworm), Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonine, Skrjabinema spp., and Oxyuris equi; Camal- lanida, e.g. Dracunculus medinensis (guinea worm); Spirurida, e.g. Thelazia spp., Wuchereria spp., Brugia spp., Onchocerca spp., Dirofilari spp. a, Dipetalonema spp., Setaria spp., Elaeophora spp., Spirocerca lupi, and Habronema spp.; Thorny headed worms (Acanthocephala), e.g. Acan- thocephalus spp., Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus and Oncicola spp.; Planarians (Plathel- minthes): Flukes (Trematoda), e.g. Faciola spp., Fascioloides magna, Paragonimus spp., Dicro- coelium spp., Fasciolopsis buski, Clonorchis sinensis, Schistosoma spp., Trichobilharzia spp., Alaria alata, Paragonimus spp., and Nanocyetes spp.; Cercomeromorpha, in particular Cestoda (Tapeworms), e.g. Diphyllo-bothrium spp., Tenia spp., Echinococcus spp., Dipylidium caninum, Multiceps spp., Hymenolepis spp., Mesocestoides spp., Vampirolepis spp., Moniezia spp., Ano- plocephala spp., Sirometra spp., Anoplocephala spp., and Hymenolepis spp.

The term “animal” includes warm-blooded animals (including humans) and fish. Preferred are mammals, e.g. cattle, sheep, swine, camels, deer, horses, pigs, poultry, rabbits, goats, dogs and cats, water buffalo, donkeys, fallow deer and reindeer, and also in fur-bearing animals e.g. mink, chinchilla and raccoon, birds e.g. hens, geese, turkeys and ducks and fish e.g. fresh- and salt- water fish e.g. trout, carp and eels. Particularly preferred are domestic animals, e.g. dogs or cats.

Generally, "parasiticidally effective amount" means the amount of active ingredient needed to achieve an observable effect on growth, including the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, pre- vention, and removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The parasiticidally effective amount can vary for the various compounds/compo- sitions used in the invention. A parasiticidally effective amount of the compositions will also vary according to the prevailing conditions e.g. desired parasiticidal effect and duration, target species, mode of application. Generally, it is favorable to apply the compounds of the invention in total amounts of 0.5 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg per day, preferably 1 mg/kg to 50 mg/kg per day.

For oral administration to warm-blooded animals, the compounds I may be formulated as animal feeds, animal feed premixes, animal feed concentrates, pills, solutions, pastes, suspensions, drenches, gels, tablets, boluses and capsules. In addition, the compounds I may be ad-ministered to the animals in their drinking water. For oral administration, the dosage form chosen should provide the animal with 0.01 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of animal body weight per day of the compounds I, preferably with 0.5 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of animal body weight per day.

Alternatively, the compounds I may be administered to animals parenterally, e.g., by intrarumi- nal, intramuscular, intravenous or subcutaneous injection. The compounds I may be dispersed or dissolved in a physiologically acceptable carrier for subcutaneous injection. Alternatively, the compounds I may be formulated into an implant for subcutaneous administration. In addition the compounds I may be transdermally administered to animals. For parenteral administration, the dosage form chosen should provide the animal with 0.01 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg of animal body weight per day of the compounds I.

The compounds I may also be applied topically to the animals in the form of dips, dusts, powders, collars, medallions, sprays, shampoos, spot-on and pour-on formulations and in ointments or oil- in-water or water-in-oil emulsions. Fortopical application, dips and sprays usually contain 0.5 ppm to 5,000 ppm and preferably 1 ppm to 3,000 ppm of the compounds I. In addition, the compounds I may be formulated as ear tags for animals, particularly quadrupeds e.g. cattle and sheep.

Suitable preparations are:

- Solutions e.g. oral solutions, concentrates for oral administration after dilution, solutions for use on the skin or in body cavities, pouring-on formulations, gels;

- Emulsions and suspensions for oral or dermal administration; semi-solid preparations;

- Formulations in which the active compound is processed in an ointment base or in an oil-in- water or water-in-oil emulsion base;

- Solid preparations e.g. powders, premixes or concentrates, granules, pellets, tablets, boluses, capsules; aerosols and inhalants, and active compound-containing shaped articles.

Compositions suitable for injection are prepared by dissolving the active ingredient in a suit-able solvent and optionally adding further auxiliaries e.g. acids, bases, buffer salts, preservatives, and solubilizers. Suitable auxiliaries for injection solutions are known in the art. The solutions are fil- tered and filled sterile.

Oral solutions are administered directly. Concentrates are administered orally after prior dilution to the use concentration. Oral solutions and concentrates are prepared according to the state of the art and as described above for injection solutions, sterile procedures not being necessary. Solutions for use on the skin are trickled on, spread on, rubbed in, sprinkled on or sprayed on. Solutions for use on the skin are prepared according to the state of the art and according to what is described above for injection solutions, sterile procedures not being necessary.

Gels are applied to or spread on the skin or introduced into body cavities. Gels are prepared by treating solutions which have been prepared as described in the case of the injection solutions with sufficient thickener that a clear material having an ointment-like consistency results. Suitable thickeners are known in the art.

Pour-on formulations are poured or sprayed onto limited areas of the skin, the active compound penetrating the skin and acting systemically. Pour-on formulations are prepared by dis-solving, suspending or emulsifying the active compound in suitable skin-compatible solvents or solvent mixtures. If appropriate, other auxiliaries e.g. colorants, bioabsorption-promoting substances, an- tioxidants, light stabilizers, adhesives are added. Suitable such auxiliaries are known in the art.

Emulsions can be administered orally, dermally or as injections. Emulsions are either of the water-in-oil type or of the oil-in-water type. They are prepared by dissolving the active com-pound either in the hydrophobic or in the hydrophilic phase and homogenizing this with the solvent of the other phase with the aid of suitable emulsifiers and, if appropriate, other auxiliaries e.g. color- ants, absorption-promoting substances, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers, viscosity-en- hancing substances. Suitable hydrophobic phases (oils), suitable hydrophilic phases, suitable emulsifiers, and suitable further auxiliaries for emulsions are known in the art.

Suspensions can be administered orally or topically/dermally. They are prepared by suspending the active compound in a suspending agent, if appropriate with addition of other auxiliaries e.g. wetting agents, colorants, bioabsorption-promoting substances, preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers. Suitable suspending agents, and suitable other auxiliaries for suspensions including wetting agents are known in the art.

Semi-solid preparations can be administered orally or topically/dermally. They differ from the suspensions and emulsions described above only by their higher viscosity.

For the production of solid preparations, the active compound is mixed with suitable excipients, if appropriate with addition of auxiliaries, and brought into the desired form. Suitable auxiliaries for this purpose are known in the art.

The compositions which can be used in the invention can comprise generally from about 0.001 to 95% of the compound of the invention.

Ready-to-use preparations contain the compounds acting against parasites, preferably ectopar- asites, in concentrations of 10 ppm to 80% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 65% by weight, more preferably from 1 to 50% by weight, most preferably from 5 to 40% by weight.

Preparations which are diluted before use contain the compounds acting against ectoparasites in concentrations of 0.5 to 90% by weight, preferably of 1 to 50% by weight. Furthermore, the preparations comprise the compounds of formula I against endoparasites in concentrations of 10 ppm to 2% by weight, preferably of 0.05 to 0.9% by weight, very particularly preferably of 0.005 to 0.25% by weight.

Topical application may be conducted with compound-containing shaped articles e.g. collars, medallions, ear tags, bands for fixing at body parts, and adhesive strips and foils.

Generally it is favorable to apply solid formulations which release compounds of the invention in total amounts of 10 mg/kg to 300 mg/kg, preferably 20 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg, most preferably 25 mg/kg to 160 mg/kg body weight of the treated animal in the course of three weeks.

Examples:

With appropriate modification of the starting materials, the procedures as described in the prep- aration examples below were used to obtain further compounds of formula I. The compounds obtained in this manner are listed in the table C that follows, together with physical data.

Compounds can be characterized e.g. by coupled High Performance Liquid Chromatography / mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), by ¹ H-NMR and/or by their melting points.

Analytical HPLC - Method 1 : Agilent Eclipse Plus C18, 50 X 4,6 mm, ID 5pm; Elution: A = 10 mM Amm. Formate (0.1 % Formic Acid), B = Acetonitrile (0.1 % Formic Acid), Flow = 1.2 ml/min. at 30 °C; Gradient: 10 % B to 100 % B - 3 min, hold for 1 min, 1 min - 10% B. Run Time = 5.01 min.

Analytical HPLC - Method 2: Kinetex XB C18 1 ,7p 50 x 2,1 mm; A = Water + 0.1 % TFA, B = Acetonitrile, Flow = 0.8 ml/min - 1 .0 ml/min in 1 .5 min. at 60°C; Gradient: 5 % B to 100 % B - 1 .5 min.

¹ H-NMR: The signals are characterized by chemical shift (ppm, 8 [delta]) vs. tetramethylsilane respectively, CDCI ₃ for ¹³ C-NMR, by their multiplicity and by their integral (relative number of hy- drogen atoms given). The following abbreviations are used to characterize the multiplicity of the signals: m = multiplet, q = quartet, t = triplet, d = doublet and s = singlet.

Abbreviations used are: d for day(s), h for hour(s), min for minute(s), r.t./room temperature for 20 - 25 °C, Rt for retention time; DMSO for dimethyl sulfoxide, OAc for acetate, EtOAc for ethyl acetate, THF for tetrahydrofuran, DMF for N,N-dimethylformamide, ACN for acetonitrile, DCM for dichloromethane, TEA for triethylamine and t-BuOH for tert-butanol.

Compound: C-7: Synthesis of_[(Z)-N'-[(E)-[4-[4-cyano-1-methyl-5-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy ) benzoyl] amino]pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyleneamino]-N-(2-isopropyl-5-m ethylphenyl)carbamimidoyl] sulfanylmethyl acetate

Step 1 : Synthesis of 3,5-dibromo-1 H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile

To a stirred mixture of 1 H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (20.0 g) in Ethanol (250 mL) and Water (350 mL) was added Sodium acetate (123.36 g) portion wise at ambient temperature. The mixture was cooled to 10 °C and was added bromine (22.1 ml_) drop wise in 25 min at 10 °C. The mixture was stirred for 2 h at ambient temperature. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane and the organic extracts washed with 10% aq. sodium thiosulphate solution. The organic extracts dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated invacuo to obtain the title compound as a off- white solid (49 g). HPLC/MS (Method 1): Rt: 1 .69 min; m / z = 250.1 (M-1)\

Step 2: Synthesis of 3,5-dibromo-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile

To a stirred mixture of 3,5-dibromo-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (49 g) in N,N- dimethylformamide (250 mL) were added lodomethane (18.24 mL) drop wise and cesium carbonate (95.45 g) portion wise at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred for 17 h at ambient temperature. To a mixture water was subsequently added and the white product was precipitated out. The precipitated product was filtered under suction filter, washed with water and dried in vacuo to obtain the title compound as a white solid (50 g). HPLC/MS (Method 1): Rt: 1.84 min; m / z = 261 .4 (M-2) ⁺ ; ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-da) 6 3.89 (s, 3H)

Step 3: Synthesis of 5-amino-3-bromo-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile

To a stirred mixture of 3,5-dibromo-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (8 g) in 1 -methyl-2- pyrrolidinone (8 mL) was added 2,4-dimethoxybenzylamine (10.1 mL) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at 180 °C for 2 h. The mixture was cooled to 10 °C and 4N HCI (30 mL) was added to mixture at 10 °C. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature and then the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic extracts dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue obtained was subjected to flash chromatography, eluting with a gradient of EtOAc and heptane to obtain the title compound as a pale yellow solid (4.7 g). HPLC/MS (Method 1): Rt: 1 .27 min; m / z = 201 .2 (M) ⁺ ; ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d _s ) 6 6.93 (s, 2H), 3.51 - 3.47 (m, 3H).

Step 4: Synthesis of N-(5-bromo-4-cyano-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-(trifluoromethox y)benzamide

To a stirred mixture of 5-amino-3-bromo-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile (4.7 g) in dichlormethane (60 mL) were added pyridine (9.45 mL) and 4-(trifluromethoxy)benzoyl chloride (4.5 mL) drop wise at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 6 h and 1 N HCI (50 mL) was subsequently added to the mixture. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (100 mL X 2) and the organic extracts washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic extracts dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue obtained was subjected to flash chromatography, eluting with a gradient of EtOAc and heptane to obtain the title compound as a white solid (5.8 g). HPLC/MS (Method 1): Rt: 2.02 min; m / z = 389.4 (M) ⁺ ; ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) 6 11.16 (s, 1 H), 8.07 (dd, J = 8.7, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (d, J = 1 .8 Hz, 3H). Step 5: Synthesis of N-[4-cyano-5-(4-formylphenyl)-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-

(trifluoromethoxy)benzamide

To a stirred mixture of N-(5-bromo-4-cyano-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl)-4- (trifluoromethoxy)benzamide (2.2 g) in 1 ,4-dioxane (25 mL) and water (3 mL) were added (4- formylphenyl)boronic acid (1.01 g) and potassium carbonate (1.56 g) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature under innert gas purgging for 10 min and was added Pd(dppf)CI ₂ (0.414 g) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 7 h. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and Water was subsequently added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL X 2). The organic extracts dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue obtained was subjected to flash chromatography, eluting with a gradient of EtOAc and Heptane to obtain the title compound as a solid (1.55 g). HPLC/MS (Method 1): Rt: 2.02 min; m / z = 415.5 (M+1) ⁺ ; ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) 6 11 .23 (s, 1 H), 10.08 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 8.22 - 8.14 (m, 2H), 8.10 (dt, J = 9.2, 7.1 Hz, 4H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 3H).

Step 6: Synthesis of N-[4-cyano-5-[4-[(E)-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl)carbamoth ioyl hydrazono]methyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]-4-(trifluoro methoxy)benzamide

To a stirred mixture of N-[4-cyano-5-(4-formylphenyl)-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl]-4- (trifluoromethoxy) benzamide (0.250 g) in acetic acid (3 mL) was added 1-amino-3-(2-isopropyl- 5-methyl-phenyl)thiourea (0.135 g) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h. Water was subsequently added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL X 2). The organic extracts dried over anhydrous Sodium sulphate and evaporated invacuo to obtain the title compound as a solid (0.310 g). HPLC/MS (Method 1): Rt: 1.312 min; m Z z = 621 (M+ 1 ) ⁺ ; ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) 6 11.86 (s, 1 H), 11.18 (s, 1 H), 10.01 (s, 1 H), 8.18 (dd, J = 6.2, 2.5 Hz, 3H), 8.08 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.93 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.12 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.01 (s, 1 H), 3.85 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 3H), 3.09 (p, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 1.17 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H).

Step 7: Synthesis of [(Z)-N'-[(E)-[4-[4-cyano-1-methyl-5-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)be nzoyl]amino] pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyleneamino]-N-(2-isopropyl-5-methyl phenyl)carbamimidoyl] sulfanylmethyl acetate

To a stirred mixture of N-[4-cyano-5-[4-[(E)-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenyl) carbamothioylhydrazono]methyl]phenyl]-2-methyl-pyrazol-3-yl] -4-(trifluoromethoxy) benzamide (0.300 g) in acetone (6 mL) were added bromomethyl acetate (0.1 1 1 g), sodium iodide (0.007 g) and N,N-diisopropyl ethylamine (0.125 g) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 4 h. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and stirred for 18 h at ambient temperature. Water was subsequently added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 ml X 2). The organic extracts dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated in vacuo. The residue obtained was subjected to preperative HPLC purification, eluting with a gradient of MeCN and water to obtain the title compound as a solid (0.125 g). HPLC/MS (Method 1): Rt: 1.579 min; m / z = 693 (M+1) ⁺ ; ¹ H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.19 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 8.12 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 8.02 – 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 5.65 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 3H), 3.24 – 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.16 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H). Compound: C-8: Synthesis of [(Z)-N'-[(E)-[4-[4-cyano-1-methyl-5-[[4-(trifluoromethoxy)be nzoyl] amino]pyrazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyleneamino]-N-(2-isopropyl-5-m ethyl phenyl)carbamimidoyl] sulfanylmethyl 2-methylpropanoate was achieved following Step-7 of compound C-7 as men- tioned previously. HPLC/MS (Method 1): Rt: 1.931 min; m / z = 719 (M-1)-; ¹ H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ) δ 11.23 (s, 1H), 9.27 (s, 1H), 8.48 (s, 1H), 8.23 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 8.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.75-7.85 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.30 (t, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 5.72 (s, 2H), 3.90 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 3H), 3.27–3.15 (m, 1H), 2.7-2.8 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 1.28 – 1.03 (m, 12H). No Ar-Q A HPLC/MS Rt Q (min) 8 Biological examples: Example B1: Action on Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) For evaluating control of yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) the test unit consisted of 96- well-microtiter plates containing 200µl of tap water per well and 5-15 freshly hatched A. aegypti larvae. The active compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds or mixtures were sprayed onto the insect diet at 2.5µl, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications. For experimental mixtures in these tests identical volumes of both mixing partners at the desired concentrations respectively, were mixed together. After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 28 + 1°C, 80 + 5 % RH for 2 days. Larval mortality was then visually assessed. In this test, compounds C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-7, C-8, C-9, C-12, C-13, C-15, C-16 at 800 ppm showed at least 50% mortality in comparison with untreated controls. Example B2: Action on Orchid thrips (Dichromothrips corbetti) Dichromothrips corbetti adults used for bioassay were obtained from a colony maintained con- tinuously under laboratory conditions. For testing purposes, the test compound is diluted in a 1:1 mixture of acetone:water (vol:vol), plus Kinetic® HV at a rate of 0.01% v/v. Thrips potency of each compound was evaluated by using a floral-immersion technique. All pet- als of individual, intact orchid flowers were dipped into treatment solution and allowed to dry in Petri dishes. Treated petals were placed into individual re-sealable plastic along with about 20 adult thrips. All test arenas were held under continuous light and a temperature of about 28°C for duration of the assay. After 3 days, the numbers of live thrips were counted on each petal. The percent mortality was recorded 72 hours after treatment. In this test, compounds C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, C-7, C-8, C-9, C-12, C-13, C-14, C-15, C- 16, C-17 at 500 ppm showed at least 75% mortality in comparison with untreated controls. Example B3: Action on Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) For evaluating control of boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) the test unit consisted of 96-well- microtiter plates containing an insect diet and 5-10 A. grandis eggs. The compounds were formulated using a solution containing 75% (v/v) water and 25% (v/v) DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds were sprayed onto the insect diet at 5 μl, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications. After application, microtiter plates were incubated at about 25 + 1 ^o C and about 75 + 5 % relative humidity for 5 days. Egg and larval mortality were then visually assessed. In this test, compounds C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, C-7, C-8, C-9, C-10, C-12, C-13, C-14, C- 15, C-16, C-17 at 800 ppm showed at least 75 % mortality in comparison with untreated controls. Example B4: Action on Silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) (adults) The active compounds were formulated by a Tecan liquid handler in 100% cyclohexanone as a 10,000 ppm solution supplied in tubes. The 10,000 ppm solution was serially diluted in 100% cyclohexanone to make interim solutions. These served as stock solutions for which final dilutions were made by the Tecan in 50% acetone:50% water (v/v) into 5 or 10ml glass vials. A non-ionic surfactant (Kinetic®) was included in the solution at a volume of 0.01 % (v/v). The vials were then inserted into an automated electrostatic sprayer equipped with an atomizing nozzle for application to plants/insects.

Cotton plants at the cotyledon stage (one plant per pot) were sprayed by an automated electro- static plant sprayer equipped with an atomizing spray nozzle. The plants were dried in the sprayer fume hood and then removed from the sprayer. Each pot was placed into a plastic cup and about 10 to 12 whitefly adults (approximately 3-5 days old) were introduced. The insects were collected using an aspirator and a nontoxic Tygon® tubing connected to a barrier pipette tip. The tip, containing the collected insects, was then gently inserted into the soil containing the treated plant, allowing insects to crawl out of the tip to reach the foliage for feeding. Cups were covered with a reusable screened lid. Test plants were maintained in a growth room at about 25°C and about 20-40% relative humidity for 3 days, avoiding direct exposure to fluorescent light (24 hour photoperiod) to prevent trapping of heat inside the cup. Mortality was assessed 3 days after treatment, compared to untreated control plants.

In this test, compounds C-1 , C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5 at 300 ppm showed at least 75 % mortality in comparison with untreated controls.

Example B5: Action on Tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens)

For evaluating control of tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) the test unit consisted of 96- well-microtiter plates containing an insect diet and 15-25 H. virescens eggs.

The compounds were formulated using a solution containing 75% v/v water and 25% v/v DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds were sprayed onto the insect diet at 10 pl, using a custom-built micro atomizer, at two replications.

After application, microtiter plates were incubated at about 28 + 1 °C and about 80 + 5 % relative humidity for 5 days. Egg and larval mortality were then visually assessed.

In this test, compounds C-1 , C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, C-7, C-8, C-9, C-10, C-11 , C-12, C-13, C-

14, C-15, C-16, C-17 at 800 ppm showed at least 75 % mortality in comparison with untreated controls.

Example B6: Action on Diamond back moth (Plutella xylostella)

The active compound is dissolved at the desired concentration in a mixture of 1 :1 (v/v) distilled wateracetone. Surfactant (Kinetic® HV) is added at a rate of 0.01% (v/v). The test solution is prepared at the day of use.

Leaves of cabbage were dipped in test solution and air-dried. Treated leaves were placed in petri dishes lined with moist filter paper and inoculated with ten 3rd instar larvae. Mortality was recorded 72 hours after treatment. Feeding damages were also recorded using a scale of 0- 100%.

In this test, compounds C-1 , C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, C-7, C-8, C-9, C-10, C-12, C-13, C-14, C-

15, C-16, C-17 at 500 ppm showed at least 75 % mortality in comparison with untreated controls.

Example B7: Action on Southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania), 2nd instar larvae

The active compounds were formulated by a Tecan liquid handler in 100% cyclohexanone as a 10,000 ppm solution supplied in tubes. The 10,000 ppm solution was serially diluted in 100% cyclohexanone to make interim solutions. These served as stock solutions for which final dilutions were made by the Tecan in 50% acetone:50% water (v/v) into 10 or 20 ml glass vials. A nonionic surfactant (Kinetic®) was included in the solution at a volume of 0.01 % (v/v). The vials were then inserted into an automated electrostatic sprayer equipped with an atomizing nozzle for application to plants/insects.

Lima bean plants (variety Sieva) were grown 2 plants to a pot and selected for treatment at the 1 st true leaf stage. Test solutions were sprayed onto the foliage by an automated electrostatic plant sprayer equipped with an atomizing spray nozzle. The plants were dried in the sprayer fume hood and then removed from the sprayer. Each pot was placed into perforated plastic bags with a zip closure. About 10 to 1 1 armyworm larvae were placed into the bag and the bags zipped closed. Test plants were maintained in a growth room at about 25°C and about 20-40% relative humidity for 4 days, avoiding direct exposure to fluorescent light (24 hour photoperiod) to prevent trapping of heat inside the bags. Mortality and reduced feeding were assessed 4 days after treat- ment, compared to untreated control plants.

In this test, compounds C-1 , C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, C-7, C-8, C-9, C-10, C-11 , C-12, C-13, C- 14, C-15, C-16, C-17 at 300 ppm showed at least 75 % mortality in comparison with untreated controls.