BACKGROUND INFORMATION

[0001] Hot melt adhesives have been used for years to label both glass and plastic bottles. Plastic bottles containing carbonated beverages are particularly challenging. After bottling, carbonated beverages will cause plastic bottles to expand. The label system needs to accommodate this expansion. The adhesive used to adhere the label onto the plastic bottle also needs to accommodate this expansion.

[0002] Paper labels are rigid and will not expand. Typically, hard, glassy adhesives are used to bond the paper label to the bottle. The adhesive on paper labels need to resist creep, preventing the label from "flagging" (partial delamination of the label overlap from the bottle). Plastic labels are flexible and will expand. Typically, softer, elastic, tacky adhesives are used on plastic film labels, which are also generally more difficult to adhere to than paper labels. The adhesive used to adhere plastic labels needs to be of sufficient tack to adhere the label to the bottle, and strong enough to withstand the expansion of the label/bottle. In this type of application, the adhesive needs to have a greater internal strength than that of the label. The adhesives' increased internal strength forces the label to stretch and expand, maintaining the bond at the label overlap. Should the adhesive stretch or creep a gap will appear between the leading and trailing edge of the label on the bottle at the label overlap.

[0003] Plastic labels are becoming more rigid in order to support increased graphics and facilitate the printing process. Additionally, plastic bottles are experiencing an overall gauge reduction to achieve cost savings and meet manufacturers' "green" initiatives. Clear labels are also entering the market place. These labels, due to their base composition, have greater tensile strength than previous plastic labels. The greater tensile strength of these labels resists stretching, causing existing adhesives to creep, resulting in a labeling failure (the label's leading and trailing edges separate). Furthermore, some plastic film labels are susceptible to oil migration from the adhesive into the label. This migration causes aesthetically unpleasing wrinkles.

[0004] Adhesive formulators are struggling to develop adhesives that adhere to these higher tensile strength, plastic labels, and do not exhibit oil migration from the adhesive into the label. This invention details a novel way a hot melt formulator can impart low viscosity, superior adhesion, increased creep resistance, and no oil migration in hot melt bottle labeling adhesives, without compromising other properties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The invention details hot melt adhesive formulations, comprised of a petrolatum-containing adhesive based on a Styrenic Block Copolymer (SBC), a polyolefin, a tackifying resin, and optionally a wax. The preferred adhesive is one that has a viscosity of less than 2000 cP at 250°F, a crossover temperature of greater than 62°C, a modulus of less than l .Oxl O ⁷ dynes/cm ² , and contains a styrenic block copolymer having a melt index of greater than 20g/10 minutes. These formulations provide low viscosity, superior adhesion characteristics, increased creep resistance and reduced oil migration, over traditionally formulated hot melt bottle labeling adhesives.

[0006] Applications include, but are not limited to, bottle and can labeling, lamination adhesives, general assembly, non- woven, and filtration.

INSTRUMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION

[0007] Viscosity profiling indicates that adhesives made with petrolatum, in place of the typical mineral oil, exhibit a much flatter viscosity curve over the adhesive application window.

[0008] Rheological analysis shows that when substituting at a 1 for 1 ratio, petrolatum- containing adhesives have a higher G7 G" crossover point than adhesives that incorporate mineral oil. This corresponds to higher temperature resistance.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

[0009] The formula described in this invention represents an

SBC/polyolefm/Petrolatum hybrid, which combines the film adhesion characteristics of typical pressure sensitive adhesives with the increased tensile strength and creep resistance of non- pressure sensitive adhesives.

[00010] Bond evaluation of the novel adhesive formulation described in this invention show superior performance over traditional pressure sensitive and non-pressure sensitive bottle labeling adhesives. Increased creep resistance does not come at the expense of adhesion to plastic film substrates. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[00011] It has been discovered that the use of petrolatum in hot melt adhesive bottle labeling formulas will improve creep resistance, while not sacrificing adhesion in regards to plastic film substrates. Additionally, petrolatum-containing adhesives will not exhibit oil migration into sensitive film stock, thereby reducing aesthetically unpleasing wrinkling.

[00012] The present invention is comprised of a Styrenic Block Copolymer (SBC), petrolatum, a polyolefin, a tackifying resin, and optionally a wax, a plasticizer, a stabilizer, or other auxiliary additives. Although the examples illustrate a hot melt adhesive comprised of a SBC and EVA polymers, it has been found that other polyolefin polymers could also be used in place of EVA, including but not limited to, propylene/ethylene copolymers, ethylene/alpha- olefin copolymers, olefin block copolymers, ethylene n-butyl acrylate copolymers, metallocene catalyzed polyethylene, and others.

[00013] Historically, liquid plasticizers, typically mineral oil, have been used in pressure sensitive adhesives to improve adhesion and reduce viscosity. The addition of these liquid plasticizers typically results in mutually exclusive properties in terms of creep resistance and improved film adhesion. The substitution of the petrolatum for mineral oil improves creep resistance, eliminates oil migration, and, when properly formulated, does not decrease film adhesion.

[00014] The styrenic block copolymer can be any of the typical grades used to prepare conventional hot melt adhesives such as styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene- butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-isoprene/butadiene-styrene (SIBS) or the hydrogenated derivatives such as styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene (SEBS).

[00015] Generally speaking, since the viscosity of these bottle labeling adhesives tend to be very low, it is desirable to use polymers that have higher styrene contents (>25% and up to about 51% by weight) and relatively low molecular weights (M _w <200,000 Daltons). Particularly preferred are polymers such as Vector 4411, which is a low molecular weight linear SIS polymer with a styrene content of 44 percent and virtually no diblock. The Melt Index of this polymer according to ASTM 1238 using 200°C and a 5 kg. weight is about 40 grams/10 minutes which demonstrates its relatively low molecular weight. Another preferred polymer is Vector 4461 or 6241 which are linear SBS polymers containing 43% styrene and virtually no diblock. The Melt Index of these polymers using ASTM 1238 and a temperature of 200°C and a 5 kg. weight is 23, which shows that the polymer is relatively low molecular weight. All of these polymers are available from Dexco Polymers (now TRSC). Other suppliers of SBC polymers are Kraton Performance Polymers Inc., EniChem Elastomers Americas Inc. and others.

[00016] The styrenic block copolymer is blended with another olefmic polymer such as an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. These polymers are well known and widely used as base polymers for hot melt adhesives. They have vinyl acetate levels from as low as about 9% to as high as 40% or more by weight. They also range in Melt Index (190°C/2.16 kg) from a fractional number of about 500 to as high as about 2500 grams/10 min. There are grades that are so low in molecular weight they are characterized by their melt viscosity instead of Melt Index. The higher melt index grades are particularly desirable in the current invention since they help to lower the viscosity of the finished adhesives. Particularly preferred are grades such as Escorene AD2528, which has 27.6 % vinyl acetate and a Melt Viscosity (ASTM 3236) of 2800 cP at 374°F. These polymers are available from DuPont Chemical, Celenese Corporation and ExxonMobil Chemical Co.

[00017] The current invention also uses 2% to 30%, preferably 2% to 20%, petrolatum as a key component of the formulation. Petrolatums are homogeneous mixtures of oily and waxy long-chain, non-polar hydrocarbons. They are considered to be semi-solid materials with the consistency of petroleum jelly. According to the Merck Index, (13 ^th edition), petrolatum is "purified mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons, chiefly of the methane series of the general formula CnH2n+2. Actually, petrolatum is a colloidal system of nonstraight-chain solid hydrocarbons and high-boiling liquid hydrocarbons, in which most of the liquid hydrocarbons are held inside the micelles".

[00018] Petrolatums have melting points according to ASTM D-127 of between about 120°F and about 150°F. They can be further characterized by their Consistency as per ASTM D-937 and Viscosity at 210°F according to ASTM D-445. Particularly preferred grades of petrolatum are sold by Sonneborn Refined Products under the trade name Protopet®. One example is Yellow Protopet 2A® Petrolatum. This grade has a Melting Point (ASTM D-127) of about 130/140°F, a Consistency (ASTM D-937) of 180/210 decimillimeters at 25°C (77°F) and a Viscosity (ASTM D-445) at 210°F of 67 SUS (12 cSt).

[00019] In these formulations the use of petrolatum provides several advantages over the addition of mineral oil or waxes (paraffin, microcrystalline or synthetic). They include decreased surface tack without negatively impacted hot tack as would be the case with using mineral oil. In addition, their use eliminates the migration of oil from the adhesive into the film which can cause wrinkling or bond failure. Petrolatum increases the high temperature performance without impacting adhesion as a wax would. Petrolatum also gives the formulation low viscosity which is needed for the low application temperatures that are generally used in this type of application.

[00020] Another attribute provided by the petrolatum is improved cold flow over the use of mineral oil. The product H4124A in the Table 1 below has a significant degree of cold flow at room temperature. Cold flow is a property of a material to very slowly flow or creep at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures (e.g. 100°F). This is a significant drawback to an adhesive formulation since it can result in decreased bond strength over time when the finished product is stored in a warehouse, for example. It also makes packaging of the adhesive itself problematic because the adhesive can flow out of its own package over time and severely limits the type of packaging that can be used. While H4124A works well as a bottle label adhesive, it has serious drawbacks that limit its use because it does have some degree of cold flow. Example 1 in the Table 1 below is a similar product but does not have the degree of cold flow that H4124A has through the use of petrolatum instead of mineral oil in the formula.

[00021] Any type of styrenic block copolymer can be used in a hot melt adhesive formula according to the present invention, and may be incorporated into the composition in amounts of from about 1% to about 30% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 25% by weight, and most preferably from about 1 % to about 10% by weight. Among the useful styrenic block copolymers are those having structure A-B, A-B-A, A-(B-A)„-B, or (A-B) _n -Y wherein A comprises a polyvinyl aromatic block having a Tg higher than 80°C, B comprises a rubbery midblock having a Tg lower than -10°C, Y comprises a multivalent compound, and n is an integer of at least 3. Examples of these latter block copolymers conventionally used in hot melt adhesive compositions are styrenic block copolymers (SBc) and include styrene-butadiene (SB), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS), styrene-isoprene (SI), styrene- isoprene-butadiene-styrene (SIBS), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene- butylene (SEB) styrene-ethylene propylene-styrene (SEPS) and styrene-ethylene propylene (SEP) and styrene-ethylene-ethylene-propylene-styrene (SEEPS or hydrogenated SIBS) . The total styrene content of the polymers can be as much as 51 wt-% of the polymer. In an S-B-S (styrene-butadience-styrene) copolymer, the preferred molecule weight (M _w ) is about 50,000 to 120,000, and the preferred styrene content is about 20 to 45 wt-%. In an S-I-S (styrene-isoprene- styrene) copolymer, the preferred molecular weight (Mw) is about 100,000 to 200,000 and the preferred styrene content is about 14-35 wt-%. Hydrogenating the butadiene midblocks produces rubbery midblocks that are typically converted to ethylene-butylene midblocks. Such block copolymers are available for example from Kraton Polymers, Polimeri Europa, Total Petrochemicals, Dexco, and Kuraray. Multiblock or tapered block copolymers (the A-(B-A) _n -B type) are available from Firestone. Block copolymers structures can contain any acrylic monomers or acrylic phase in general, either presenting a high Tg like methyl methacrylate, or having an elastomeric behavior like butyl acrylate. Also, the polymer fraction of the hot melt adhesive can contain one or more other phases, can contain more than one structure or can contain other polymers like copolymers of ethene, propene or other olefinic monomer, or like copolymerization of acrylic monomers. These additional polymers can be homopolymers, or copolymers and can be potentially modified by any during- or after-polymerization modification like grafting or chain-scission. Blends of various polymers may also be employed so long as the composition retains the desired viscosity, and low temperature application characteristics of the present invention.

[00022] The tackifying resins or tackifiers which are used in the hot melt adhesives of the present invention are those which extend adhesive properties and improve specific adhesion. As used herein, the term "tackifying resin" or "tackifier" include:

[00023] (a) Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins having Ring and Ball softening points of from 10 °C to 160 °C, as determined by ASTM method E28- 58T, the latter resins resulting from the polymerization of monomers consisting primarily of aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic olefins and diolefms; also included are the hydrogenated aliphatic and cycloaliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins; examples of such commercially available resins based on a C5 olefin fraction of this type are piccotac 95 tackifying resin sold by Hercules Corp. and Escoreze 1310LC sold by ExxonMobil Chemical Company;

[00024] (b) Aromatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins and the hydrogenated derivatives thereof;

[00025] (c) Aliphatic/aromatic petroleum derived hydrocarbon resins and the hydrogenated derivatives thereof; [00026] (d) Aromatic modified cycloaliphatic resins and the hydrogenated derivatives thereof;

[00027] (e) Polyterpene resins having a softening point of from about 10 °C to about 140°C, the latter polyterpene resins generally resulting from the polymerization of terpene hydrocarbons, such as the mono-terpene known as pinene, in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts at moderately low temperatures; also included are the hydrogenated polyterpene resins;

[00028] (f Copolymers and terpolymers of natural terpenes, e.g. styrene/terpene, a-methyl styrene/terpene and vinyl toluene/terpene;

[00029] (g) Natural and modified rosin such as, for example, gun rosin, wood rosin, tall-oil rosin, distilled rosin, hydrogenated rosin, dimerized rosin and polymerized rosin;

[00030] (h) Glycerol and pentaerythritol esters of natural and modified rosin, such as, for example, the glycerol ester of pale wood rosin, the glycerol ester of hydrogenated rosin, the glycerol ester of polymerized rosin, the pentaerythritol ester of pale wood rosin, the pentaerythritol ester of hydrogenated rosin, the pentaerythritol ester of tall-oil rosin, and the phenolic modified pentaerythritol ester of rosin;

[00031] (i) Phenolic-modified terpene resins such as, for example, the resin product resulting from the condensation in an acidic medium of a terpene and a phenol;

[00032] Mixtures of two or more of the above described tackifying resins may be required for some formulations. Although a range of 5% to 65% by weight tackifying resin may be used, the preferred amount is from about 20% to about 50% by weight. Tackifying resins which are useful for the present invention can perhaps include polar tackifying resins, however, the choice of available polar tackifying resins is limited in view of the fact that many of the polar resins appear only partially compatible with polyolefm polymers.

[00033] As noted above, tackifying resins which are useful within the scope of the present invention comprise about 5% to 65% by weight. Preferably, the tackifying resins can be selected from any of the nonpolar types, which are commercially available. Preferred resins are aliphatic petroleum hydrocarbon resins examples of which are based on C5 olefins such as Hercotac 1 148 available from Hercules Corp. Most preferred are nonpolar products which are hydrogenated di-cyclo-penta-diene (DCPD) based or aromaticaliy modified derivatives thereof with softening points above 70 °C. Examples of such resins are Escoreze 5400 and Escoreze 5600 sold by ExxonMobil Chemical company, and Sylvatac RE85 available from Arizona Chemical Co.

[00034] A plasticizer can be present in the composition of the present invention in amounts of 0% to about 10% by weight, preferably from about 0% to about 5%, in order to provide desired viscosity control and to impart flexibility. A suitable plasticizer may be selected from the group which includes the usual plasticizing oils, such as mineral oil, but also olefin oligomers and low molecular weight polymers, as well as vegetable and animal oils and derivatives of such oils. The petroleum derived oils which may be employed are relatively high boiling materials containing only a minor proportion aromatic hydrocarbons. In this regard, the aromatic hydrocarbons should preferably be less than 30% and more particularly less than 15% of the oil, as measured by the fraction of aromatic carbon atoms. More preferably, the oil may be essentially non-aromatic. The oligomers may be polypropylenes, polybutenes, hydrogenated polyisoprenes, hydrogenated polybutadiens, or the like having average molecular weight between about 350 and about 10,000. Suitable vegetable and animal oils include glycerol esters of the usual fatty acids and polymerization products thereof. Other useful plasticizers can be found in the families of conventional dibenzoate, phosphate, phthalate esters, as well as esters of mono- or polyglycols. Examples of such plasticizers includes, but are not limited to dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, pentaerythritol tetrabenzoate, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate, polyethylene glycol 400-di-2-ethylhexoate; butyl benzyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate and dioctylphthalate. The plasticizers that finds usefulness in the present invention can be any number of different plasticizers but the inventors have discovered that the mineral oil and liquid polybutenes having average molecular weight less than 5,000 are particularly advantageous. As will be appreciated, plasticizers have typically been used to lower the viscosity of the overall adhesive composition without substantially decreasing the adhesive strength and/or the service temperature of the adhesive as well as to extend the open time and to improve flexibility of the adhesive.

[00035] Waxes can be used to reduce the melt viscosity of the hot melt adhesive composition. Although amounts varying from about 0% to 25% by weight may be used in the composition of the present invention, the preferred amounts are between 0% to 10% by weight. These waxes can also effect the set-up time and the softening point of the adhesive. Among the useful waxes are: [00036] 1. low molecular weight, that is, number average molecular weight

(Mn) equal to 500 - 6000, polyethylene wax having a hardness value, as determined by ASTM method D- 1321 , of from about 0.1 to 120, having an ASTM softening point of from about 65 °C to 140 °C;

[00037] 2. petroleum waxes such as paraffin wax having a melting point of from about 50 °C to 80 °C and microcrystalline wax having a melting point of from about 55 °C to 100 °C, the latter melting points being determined by ASTM method Dl 27-60;

[00038] 3. synthetic waxes made by polymerizing carbon monoxide and hydrogen such as Fischer-Tropsch wax; and

[00039] 4. polyolefm waxes. As used herein, the term "polyolefm wax" refers to those polymeric or long-chain entities comprised of olefmic monomer units. This type of materials is commercially available from Eastman Chemical Co. under the trade name designation "Epolene". The materials which are preferred for use in the composition of the present invention have a Ring and Ball softening point of from about 100 °C to 170 °C. As should be understand, each of these wax diluents is solid the room temperature.

[00040] Other substances which include hydrogenated animal, fish and vegetable fats and oils such as hydrogenated tallow, lard, soya oil, cottonseed oil, castor oil, menhadin oil, cod liver oil, and the like, and which are solid at the room temperature by virtue of their being hydrogenated, have also been found to be useful with respect to functioning as a wax diluent equivalent. These hydrogenated materials are often referred to in the adhesive industry as "animal or vegetable waxes".

[00041] The present invention may include a stabilizer in an amount of from about 0% to about 3% by weight. Preferably from about 0.1% to 1% of a stabilizer is incorporated into the composition. The stabilizers which are useful in the hot melt adhesive compositions of the present invention are incorporated to help protect the polymers noted above, and thereby the total adhesive system, from the effects of thermal and oxidative degradation which normally occurs during the manufacture and application of the adhesive as well as in the ordinary exposure of the final product to the ambient environment. Among the applicable stabilizers are high molecular weight hindered phenols and multifunction phenols, such as sulfur and phosphorous-containing phenols. Hindered phenols are well known to those skilled in the art and may be characterized as phenolic compounds that also contain sterically bulky radicals in close proximity to the phenolic hydroxyl group thereof. In particular, tertiary butyl groups generally are substituted onto the benzene ring in at least one of the ortho positions relative to the phenolic hydroxyl group. The presence of these sterically bulky substituted radicals in the vicinity of the hydroxyl group serves to retard its stretching frequency and correspondingly, its reactivity; this steric hindrance thus providing the phenolic compound with its stabilizing properties. Representative hindered phenols include:

[00042] l,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3-5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl ) benzene;

[00043] pentaerythirtol tetrakis-3 (3 ,5 -di-tert-butly-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate;

[00044] n-octadecyl-3(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate;

[00045] 4,4'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert butylphenol);

[00046] 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol;

[00047] 6-(4-hydroxyphnoxy)-2,4-bis(n-ocytlthio)-l ,3,5-triazine;

[00048] 2,3,6-tris(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl-phenoxy)-l,3,5-triazi ne;

[00049] di-n-octadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate;

[00050] 2-(n-octylthio)ethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate; and

[00051] sorbitol hexa-3(3,5-di-tet-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl) propionate.

[00052] Especially preferred as a stabilizer is pentaerythritol tetrakis-3(3,5-di-tert- butyl -4 -hy droxyphenol) propionate .

[00053] The performance of these stabilizers may be further enhanced by utilizing, in conjunction therewith; (1) synergists such as, for example, thiodipropionate esters and phosphites; and (2) chelating agents and metal deactivators as, for example, ethylenediamenetetraacitic acid, slats thereof, and disalicylalpropylenediimine.

[00054] It should be understood that other optional auxiliary additives in amounts of 0% to 3% may be incorporated into the adhesive composition of the present invention in order to modify particular physical properties. These may include, for example, such materials as inert colorants e.g. titanium dioxide, fillers, fluorescent agents, surfactants, other types of polymers, etc. Typical fillers include talc, calcium carbonate, clay silica, mica, wollastonite, feldspar, aluminum silicate, alumina, hydrated alumina, glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, thermoplastic microspheres, baryte and wood flour. Surfactants are particularly important in hygienic disposable nonwoven because they can dramatically reduce the surface tension, for example, of the adhesive applied to diaper core, thereby permitting quicker transport and subsequent absorption of urine by the core.

[00055] The hot melt adhesive composition of the present invention may be formulated by using any of the mixing techniques known in the art. A representative example of the prior art mixing procedure involves placing all the components, except the polymers, in a jacketed mixing kettle equipped with a rotor, and thereafter raising the temperature of the mixture to a range from 300 °F to 400 °F to melt the contents. It should be understood that the precise temperature to be used in this step would depend on the melting points of the particular ingredients. The polymers are subsequently introduced to the kettle under agitation and the mixing is allowed to continue until a consistent and uniform mixture is formed. The content of the kettle is protected with inert gas such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen during the entire mixing process.

STATIC SHEAR AT 100°F

[00056] Static shear testing measures the ability of the adhesive to resist a constant force. This test mimics the force an adhesive is exposed to when a plastic bottle undergoes expansion due to increasing pressure from the carbonated liquid as the temperature increases.

[00057] Five different commercial films commonly used in bottle labeling were tested in conjunction with three adhesive formulations. Example 1 is the petrolatum-containing adhesive described in this patent application. H4124A is a pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive that is currently used in plastic bottle labeling applications. It is available from Bostik, Inc. The competitive pressure sensitive adhesive is a commercial standard, typically seen in plastic bottle labeling applications.

[00058] Samples were placed in a laboratory incubator set to 100°F and 50% relative humidity and held for 15 min. Samples were clamped into place with a three-inch distance above the center of the bond. A 500-gram weight was attached three inches below the center of the bond. Timers were reset to zero and counted up until the bond failed completely. Where failure was exhibited, cohesive failure was observed. The data represents 5 trials of each film substrate. Below are the results from the static shear testing:

Table 1 Average

Max Time

Substrate Adhesive Time

(min)

(min)

Exxon Mobil 612/28

LLG Example 1 316.7 332.3

AET B503/WTL II Example 1 335.6 343.2

48CTL/WTML

(metallized) Example 1 339.7 345.2

75CTL/75CTL Example 1 308.9 315.7

48CTL/WTL II Example 1 335.1 367.6

Exxon Mobil 612/28

LLG H4124A 54.3 58.4

AET B503/WTL II H4124A 52.6 57.6

48CTL/WTML

(metallized) H4124A 50.2 53.1

75CTL/75CTL H4124A 54.5 58.1

48CTL/WTL II H4124A 51.9 55.5

Exxon Mobil 612/28

LLG Competitive 108.3 113.2

AET B503/WTL II Competitive 136.9 142.7

48CTL/WTML

(metallized) Competitive 107.1 115.7

75CTL/75CTL Competitive 116.0 124.9

48CTL/WTL II Competitive 1 10.5 114.1

[00059] The above data indicate the petrolatum-containing adhesive clearly outperforms typical pressure sensitive adhesives in terms of creep resistance.

DYNAMIC SHEAR

[00060] Dynamic shear represents an adhesive's ability to adhere to a substrate.

[00061] Five different commercial films were tested in conjunction with three adhesive formulations, and the results are shown in Table 2 below. Example 1 in Table 2 is the petrolatum-containing adhesive described in this patent application. H4124A is a pressure sensitive hot melt adhesive that is currently used in plastic bottle labeling applications. It is available from Bostik, Inc. The competitive pressure sensitive adhesive is a commercial standard, typically seen in plastic bottle labeling applications.

[00062] Samples were placed in a controlled environment laboratory equipped with an Instron tensile tester and held for 15 min. The controlled environment lab is set to 72°F and 50% relative humidity. Samples were clamped in the Instron tensile tester with a three-inch distance above and below the center of the bond. Each sample was evaluated with a crosshead speed of one inch per minute using a 50-pound load cell. The data represents 5 trials of each film substrate. Below are the results from the dynamic shear testing:

Table 2

Average Max

Failure

Substrate Adhesive Load Load

Mode

(Ibf) (Ibf)

LLG

AET B503/WTL II Competitive 14.767 15.648 Substrate

48CTL/WTML

(metallized) Competitive 13.561 15.796 Substrate

75CTL/75CTL Competitive 14.805 15.236 Cohesive

48CTL/WTL II Competitive 14.247 15.003 Substrate

[00063] These data indicate that the petrolatum-containing adhesive has at least equivalent, and in some cases, improved adhesion to film substrates. When considered in conjunction with the Static Shear results, the petrolatum-containing adhesive offers equivalent adhesion with improved creep resistance.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[00064] Ranges of the weight percent of the components of the adhesive composition of this invention are detailed below:

[00065] A hot melt adhesive comprising 1) about 2% to 30% of a petrolatum, 2) about 1% to 30%) of a styrenic block copolymer, 3) about 1% to 30% of a polyolefm polymer, 4) about 20% to 50%) of a tackifier or blend of tackifiers, 5) about 0%> to 25% of a wax, 6) about 0% and 3% of an antioxidant or stabilizer, and 7) about 0% to 3% additives (pigments, fillers, etc.).

[00066] The following specific examples are given to further illustrate the invention, and reference is made to the data in Table 3.

Table 3

Bottle Label Adhesive

Examples

Comparative Comparative Comparative

Raw Material Example 1 Comparative 1

Yellow Protopet 2A 17 17 17

Sylvatac RE85 50.8 50.8 50.8 50.8 50.8

Vector 441 1 A (SIS, 44% styrene, 40 Ml) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Kraton 1165 (SIS, 30% styrene, 8 Ml) 8.5

Vector 4461 (SBS, 43% styrene, 23 Ml) Escorene UL 8705 (28% VA, 800 Ml) 14.4 Escorene AD2528 (28% VA, 2500 Ml) 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.4 Epolene E-14E 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 150 MP paraffin wax 17 Nyplast 222B 17 Irganox 1010 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Total 100 100 100 100 100

Physical Properties

Glass transition temperature (rheology) 28° C 20.4

Moldulusat 25°C (Θ') 8.9 x 10 ^Λ 6 6.8χ10 ^Λ 7 4.8χ10 ^Λ 6 Crossover temperature 70°C 69°C 60°C Softening Point 182 °F

Viscosity at 300°F 500 cP

Viscosity at 275°F 875 cP

Viscosity at 250°F 1450 cP 3000 cP 1430 cP 2175 cP Viscosity at 225° F 2700 cP

[00067] As demonstrated by the data in Table 3, Example 1 meets all of the criteria required by the present invention to function as a label adhesive and is the preferred embodiment. Example 1 has a low viscosity (less than 2000 cP at 250°F), a crossover temperature of greater than 62°C, a modulus of less than l .Oxl O ⁷ dynes/cm ² , and it contains a block copolymer with a melt index (MI) of greater than 20g/10 minutes.

[00068] Comparative 1 has the same formulation as Example 1 except it contains an SIS block copolymer having a melt index less than 20g/10 minutes. Kraton 1 165 has melt index of 8g/10 minutes which results in a composition having its viscosity too high (2400 cP).

[00069] Comparative 2 has the same formulation as Example 1 except it contains Escorene UL 8705 which is a vinyl-acetate having a melt index of 800g/10 minutes. Because higher melt indexes correlates to higher viscosity, Comparative 2 has too high of viscosity (3000 cP).

[00070] Comparative 3 has the same formulation as Example 1 except it contains paraffin wax instead of petrolatum. This results in the composition having too high of a modulus (6.8x10 ⁷ dynes/cm ² ). As a result, Comparative 3 sets up too quickly and has poor bonding characteristics.

[00071] Comparative 4 has the same formulation as Example 1 except it contains mineral oil instead of petrolatum. This results in the composition having too low of a crossover temperature (60°C) and too high of a viscosity (2175 cP). As a result, Comparative 4 is too soft and sets up too slowly.

RAW MATERIALS

[00072] Yellow Protopet 2A is a petrolatum available from Sonneborn Refined Products with a Melting Point (ASTM D-127) of 130/140°F.

[00073] Sylvatac RE85 is a glycerol ester of tall oil rosin with a Ring & Ball Softening Point (ASTM E-28) of 85°C. It is available from Arizona Chemical Co.

[00074] Vector 441 1 A is a linear styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer with a styrene content of 44 percent. It has essentially no diblock and a melt flow rate (MI) (ASTM 1238; 200°C/5 kg.) of 40 dg/min. It is available from Dexco Polymers LLP. [00075] Escorene AD 2528 is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with 28 percent vinyl acetate and a melt flow rate (MI) (ASTM 1238; 200°C/5 kg) of 2500 available from ExxonMobil Chemical Co.

[00076] Epolene E-14E is a low molecular weight, low density, oxidized polyethylene. It has a Ring & Ball Softening Point (ASTM E-28) of 104°C and a Brookfield Viscosity at 125°C of 375 cP. It is available from Eastlake Chemical Company.

[00077] Irganox 1010 is a hindered phenolic antioxidant available from BASF.

[00078] Nyplast 222B is a mineral oil plasticizer, obtained from Nanas USA, Inc. Houston, TX.

[00079] Vector 4461 is a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer with a styrene content of 43 percent. It has essentially no diblock and a melt flow rate (MI) (ASTM 1238; 200°C/5 kg.) of 23 dg/min. It is available from Dexco Polymers LLP.

[00080] Escorene AD UL 8705 is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with 28 percent vinyl acetate and a melt f ow rate (MI) (ASTM 1238; 200°C/5 kg) of 800 available from ExxonMobil Chemical Co.

[00081] Kraton 1165 is a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer with a styrene content of 30 percent. It has essentially no diblock and a melt flow rate (MI) (ASTM 1238; 200°C/5 kg.) of 8 dg/min.