Technical Field of the Invention:

The present invention relates to a piston-connecting rod-crank mechanism in which the piston and cylinder frictions are transferred to the bearings and the lower part of the piston can be used in the compression process, and that can be used in the crank connecting rod mechanism of reciprocating internal combustion engines, reciprocating compressors used in the production of compressed air needed by the industry, refrigerator, and cooler systems or automotive air conditioning systems.

State of the Art

Piston-connecting rod-crank systems are widely used in many systems such as reciprocating internal combustion engines and reciprocating compressors. There are parts in the piston connecting rod mechanism that operate in connection with each other, such as piston, ring, piston pin, and connecting rod. The piston connecting rod mechanism transmits the combustion gas pressure that occurs during combustion to the crankshaft. In order to ensure that this mechanism works efficiently, controls and repairs are required occasionally.

One of the biggest problems of piston-connecting rod and crank systems is the friction of the piston on the cylinder surface, especially at high pressures during operation. With this friction, reductions in output power and piston-cylinder wear occur. Today, many crank-connecting rod mechanisms (Rhombic and Scotch Yoke) have been designed for this problem and it has been stated that they provide up to 10% increase in engine power. However, these mechanisms also have some negative aspects, although they reduce the cylinder thrust side. In the Scotch Yoke mechanism, especially at high pressures, the friction of the shaft moving in the slot is high, causing losses. The problem in the Rhombic mechanism can be stated as gear friction losses, gear noises, and gear dimensions. The complexity of the Ross Yoke mechanism and its inability to apply to all types of engine systems are among its negative aspects. It is also known that these mechanisms cannot completely eliminate friction. Mechanical friction accounts for 5-15% of engine losses in internal combustion engines. Piston-cylinder group friction is effective at 40-55% of mechanical friction. Considering this situation, frictions should be minimized in order to obtain more efficient piston engines and compressors. There is no such application in the available system.

The application numbered "WO9513464A1 " in the state of the art relates to a crank mechanism developed for use in an internal combustion engine. In this system, a bearing is used between the journal crank mechanism and the connecting rod crank. It discloses a system developed as an alternative to the crank connecting rod mechanism used in the current system. In the crank connecting rod mechanism without cylinder thrust-side; there is also no system that allows for connecting rod to move linearly by eliminating the oscillations of the connecting rod during one full rotation of the crank. There is no structure for eliminating piston-cylinder frictions in the system described in this application.

In the application numbered "DE4035139A1 " in the state of the art, a system is described in which it is desired to provide linear movement of the connecting rod by means of two nested off-axis eccentrics. However, the second balancing weight inside should be rotated in the opposite direction with the crank at certain angles. In the system described in said application, it restricts the movement of the piston by approximately 180 degrees at certain angles. In order to prevent this, the second balancing weight inside should be delivered in the opposite direction synchronously with the crank at certain angles. This situation makes the system very complicated and there are pauses in the piston movement.

The application numbered "US7503305B2" in the state of the art relates to a mechanism developed for converting linear motion into rotary motion in an internal combustion engine. In said system, the oscillating movement of the connecting rod was eliminated with the crank-connecting rod mechanism. The connecting rod is connected to the rotor as a single piece and two nested off-axis eccentrics were used. This system is not a system for eliminating piston-cylinder frictions, and it is not possible to use the lower part of the piston for extra compression. The application numbered "CN104847491 A" in the state of the art discloses the improvements made in the connecting rod for an internal combustion engine. It does not include any improvement made in piston-cylinder frictions, however, it includes a structure that is complex and difficult to use. It also does not include a system for preventing the oscillating movement of the connecting rod. This system is not a system for eliminating piston-cylinder frictions, and it is not possible to use the lower part of the piston for extra compression.

The application numbered "W0201313101 1 A1" in the state of the art discloses a sealing element developed for use in the rotary compressors. It was aimed to minimize the frictions and leakages on the surfaces of the rotary compressor in the inner chamber. This system cannot be adapted to the conventional piston engines. This system is not a system for eliminating piston-cylinder frictions, and it is not possible to use the lower part of the piston for extra compression.

Consequently, the disadvantages disclosed above and the inadequacy of available solutions in this regard necessitated making an improvement in the relevant technical field.

Brief Description and Objects of the Invention

The most important object of the present invention is to prevent the oscillating movement of the connecting rod and to eliminate the piston-cylinder thrust-side.

Another object of the present invention is to ensure that more efficient compressors and piston engines can be obtained by using the lower part of the piston in compression processes by means of to the linear movement of the connecting rod.

Yet another object of the present invention is to collect the frictions formed in the crank region on the bearing systems, thereby preventing the friction losses that occur in such mechanisms.

Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a piston-connecting rod-crank mechanism that can be applied to all kinds piston engine and compressor systems.

Yet another object of the present invention is to develop a system, in which the number of pistons can be increased in order to provide a more balanced and high-pressure system. Even higher pressure and balanced designs can be made by increasing the number of pistons (3 or 4 pieces).

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a compression process as a result of 180 degrees rotation of the crankshaft and to obtain higher pressure systems by means of using the lower part of the piston for compression work.

Description of the Figures:

FIGURE-1 is the drawing that illustrates the view of the crank-connecting rod mechanism used in the current system.

FIGURE-2 is the drawing that illustrates the view of the crank-connecting rod mechanism without cylinder thrust-side, which is the subject of the present invention.

FIGURE-3 is the drawing that illustrates the disassembled state of the parts of the mechanism that is the subject of the present invention.

FIGURE-4 is the drawing that illustrates the operating principle of the mechanism at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, which is the subject of the present invention.

FIGURE-5 is the drawing that illustrates the view of the balanced twin piston high- pressure compressor developed by the present invention.

FIGURE-6 is the drawing that illustrates the operating principle of the compressor with high compression rate for 0-180 degrees, and the suction (A) and compression (B) regions in the mechanism that is the subject of the present invention.

Description of Elements/Parts of the Invention

Parts shown in the figures are enumerated and numbers corresponding the respective parts are provided below in order to provide a better understanding for the piston- crank-connecting rod mechanism developed with the present invention.

1 . Piston

2. Cylinder

3. Connecting Rod 4. Suction and Compression Valve

5. Ball Bearing

6. Needle Bearing

7. Rotor

8. Crank Shaft

9. Upper Cover

10. Lower Cover

1 1 . Sealing Element

12. Body

13. Hinge Housing

A. Suction

B. Compression

Detailed Description of the Invention

The present invention relates to a piston-connecting rod-crank mechanism in which the piston and cylinder frictions are transferred to the bearings and the lower part of the piston can be used in the compression process, and that can be used in the crank connecting rod mechanism of reciprocating internal combustion engines, reciprocating compressors used in the production of compressed air needed by the industry, refrigerator, and cooler systems or automotive air conditioning systems.

Said system comprises piston (1 ), cylinder (2), connecting rod (3), suction and compression valves (4), ball bearing (5), needle bearing (6), rotor (7), crank shaft (8), upper cover (9), lower cover (10), sealing element (1 1 ), body (12), and hinge housing (13).

Figure-1 , one of the figures added to support the disclosure of the present invention, illustrates the piston, crank shaft and connecting rod mechanism used in the current system. Figure-1 illustrates the compression pressure (minor thrust load) on the left and the combustion pressure (major thrust load) on the right. Figure-2 illustrates the assembled mechanism of the present invention. Also, Figure-3 illustrates the disassembled state. Figure-4 illustrates the operating principle of the mechanism at 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°, which is the subject to the invention, Figure-5 illustrates a balanced double-piston high-pressure compressor, and Figure-6 illustrates the operating principle of the high-compression compressor for 0-180 degrees, and the suction (A)- compression (B) regions.

In the present invention, the piston (1 ) and the connecting rod (3) are designed to be a single-piece, unlike the conventional crank connecting rod mechanism. An extra piston pin was not required. Thus, the oscillating movement of the connecting rod is prevented and the lower side of the piston (1 ) is used for the compression process. Two flat compression rings are placed on the top and lower parts of the piston (1 ) in order to prevent pressure leaks in the suction and compression processes during the up-and-down movement of the piston (1 ).

While one end of the connecting rod (3) is fixed to the piston (1 ), the other end is mounted to the hinge housing (13) in the rotor (7) with two ball bearings (5), as seen in Figure-3. Thus, the oscillating movement of the connecting rod is prevented during the rotational movement of the crank shaft (8).

The rotor (7) is seated on the crankshaft (8) with a needle bearing (6). Thus, while the crankshaft (8) rotates, the rotor (7) oscillates. Figure-4 illustrates the operating principle of the mechanism, which is the subject of the present invention.

When Figure-4 is examined, while the crank shaft (8) is at 0° (far left), the piston (1 ) is in the top position. When the crankshaft (8) reaches 90° (second from the left), the ball bearings (5) in the hinge housing (13) in the rotor (7) pull the piston (1 ) downwards by means of the system according to the present invention. During this movement, the oscillating movement of the connecting rod (3) is prevented and the piston (1 ) - cylinder (2) thrust side does not occur. In addition, while the upper part of the piston (1 ) performs the suction (A) process, the lower part of the piston performs the compression/compression (B) process. Pressure leakage from the connecting rod (3) is prevented by means of the sealing element (1 1 ) on the lower cover (10). When the crankshaft (8) reaches 180°’ (second from the right), the piston (1 ) is now in its lowest position. The upper part of the piston (1 ) has completed the suction (A) process and begins the compression/compression (B) process. Likewise, the lower part of the piston (1 ) has completed the compression/compression (B) process and starts the suction (A) process. Then, the crankshaft (8) comes to 270° (far right) and 360° with its upward movement and completes one full cycle. Figure-6 illustrates the mechanism of the present invention designed for balanced twinpiston high-pressure compressors. In the mechanism given in Figure-6, both the upper and lower parts of the piston (1 ) are used for suction (A) and compression (B) processes since the connecting rod (3) that connects the piston (1 ) and the crank shaft (8) does not oscillate. In this way, a compression process can be achieved in every 180 degree rotation of the crank shaft (8). In addition, high compression rates can be achieved by connecting the lower parts of the pistons (1 ) to the upper part of the other piston (1 ). In Figure-6, the operating principle of the compressor with high compression rate for 0-180 degrees is seen. Its state is indicated at 0 degrees in the upper left, 45 degrees in the upper right, 180 degrees in the lower left and 90 degrees in the lower right. In addition, the suction (A) and compression (B) regions are also seen at all angles.

There is a sealing element (1 1 ) on the lower cover (10) in order to prevent pressure leaks from its surroundings during the up and down movement of the connecting rod (3).

In order to eliminate friction losses at the connection point of the rotor (7) and the connecting rod (3), two ball bearings (5) are placed in the hinge housing (13) opened on the rotor (7), in a dimension that will not prevent the rotation of the crank shaft (8). Thus, it can be ensured that the developed invention is a system that prevents piston (1 ) frictions.

By means of the operating principle of the present invention described above, the frictions that occur in the piston-cylinder region can be collected on the bearing systems and the friction losses that occur in such mechanisms can be prevented. In addition, the lower part of the piston (1 ) can be used for suction (A) and compression (B) processes. In the present invention, the number of pistons (1 ) can also be increased in order to eliminate the balance problems that may occur. In the present invention, at least two pistons (1 ) should be used for more balanced and high pressure systems. By increasing the number of pistons (1 ) (3 or 4), even higher pressure and balanced designs can be made.

The piston-connecting rod-crank mechanism serving the above-mentioned purposes can be produced and used in any branch of the industry and is industrially applicable.