Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an plant for the production of energy, for example, in the form of electricity. The plant comprises at least one hollow device that contains at least one relatively moveable body in the hollow device that is configured to move back and forth axially in a fluid inside the hollow body, with this axial movement contributing to the rotation of an energy-producing device, such as a pump or generator, by means of power transferring device. The said hollow body is also configured so that it can rotate back and forth, or continuously, about a horizontal axis, so that the aforementioned at least one relatively moveable device is able to move relatively at any given time in relation to the aforementioned at least one hollow body in one or in an opposite axial direction. Background of the Invention

There is an increasing need to develop renewable energy and increase the exploitation of the existing sources of renewable energy. There is also a need to develop efficient energy producing units for clean energy.

The disadvantages of hydropower development are well known. Large areas are dammed in, waterfalls are diverted into pipes and major encroachments on nature are made. Large transformer stations and long high-voltage lines entail many disadvantages. Windmills disfigure nature and are harmful to birdlife, while wave generators may hinder shipping traffic, and place major or minor restrictions on the fishing fleet.

Various means for the production of clean energy based on buoyancy in a fluid are known. It is not known, however, that power producing plants based on buoyancy forces have been placed in commercial production. It is known from patent literature that one or more devices can be used, where the buoyancy elements are attached to chain-like elements, and where the buoyancy elements are guided down into an air duct and, after having passed a lower return pulley, are inserted into a volume of fluid giving the floating body buoyancy, which can subsequently be used for the production of power. A common characteristic of the earlier devices appears to be their relative complexity and low efficiency. It also appears perhaps that some of the devices for which patents were applied for cannot produce energy, and they must on the other hand be supplied with energy in order to maintain rotation.

From the applicant's own Norwegian patent applications NO 20082286 and

NO 20082463, which are hereby included by the references regarding the

construction and mode of operation, it is known to apply of one or more revolving column elements that contain one or more buoyancy bodies contributing to the rotation of the aforementioned column element(s).

With the current focus on sustainable development and the exploitation of renewable sources of energy, there is a need to find solutions that can exploit possible sources of energy, such as running water or wave and ocean currents.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is to provide a power generator that is not dependent on fossil fuel and that does not pollute or emit carbon dioxide to the environment.

Another object of the invention is to provide a solution that can exploit renewable sources of energy, such as ocean and tidal currents, or flowing water, such as slow-flowing sewage, rivers, etc.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a solution that does not have a negative impact on animal or bird life, and which does not affect the fisheries to any great extent.

Another object of the invention is to provide a solution that produces clean, i.e. non-polluting energy by the exploitation of renewable and/or existing sources of energy.

The objects according to the invention are achieved by a solution that is defined in detail in the independent patent claims. Possible embodiments and variants are defined in the dependent patent claims.

Accordance to the invention, a plant with one or more rotatable column elements that contain one or more buoyant bodies that are placed on a load carrying construction is used. The load carrying construction can be made to pivot up or down or to rotate about a horizontal axis, caused by the supply energy, such as running water and/or waves, ocean currents or tidal currents or mechanical energy.

According to one embodiment the column element is filled with a fluid, while the axially movable body in the column element has positive buoyancy in relation to the aforementioned fluid.

According to another embodiment, the fluid inside the hollow body is a gas, while the axially movable device has a large mass that can fall down through the hollow body due to gravity.

The load carrying construction may preferably, but not necessary be a buoyancy body, such as a barge, that floats on a fluid.

Further, said load carrying construction may be supported so that it can pivot about a predominantly horizontal axis, so that the bearing construction can tilt up and down about the aforementioned axis and thus cause rotation of the aforementioned construction in the predominantly hollow body about its rotational axis.

The aforementioned load carrying construction floats preferably in a double reservoir, so that a different water level can be established in each of the two reservoirs, whereby the aforementioned tilting movement is made possible.

The aforementioned bearing construction could also support a number of hollow bodies, for example, in the form of drums, equipped with axially movable means, each rotating about their own rotational axis.

According to one embodiment, the aforementioned one or more hollow bodies with axially movable means can be suspended on an approximately C-shaped frame that is allowed to roll back and forth on the load carrying construction, bringing about the aforementioned rotation of the hollow appliance.

The aforementioned C-shaped frame(s) roll on tracks placed on the load carrying construction, alternatively the C-shaped frame(s) are supported on axle journals in the centre of the circular/C arch. In connection with the two extreme end positions for the aforementioned C shaped frame(s) devices to increase the initial acceleration/braking of the rolling movement may also be configured.

In another embodiment, the acceleration energy for the aforementioned bearing frame(s) that bear the aforementioned hollow element(s) containing the aforementioned movable means can be supplied by means of mechanical devices that are pre-tensioned by means of supplied energy.

The present invention can be installed in rock caverns, underground and possibly in industrial halls. Units can be built in a scattered pattern so that long transmission lines can be avoided. The power plant and cables can in principle be built completely concealed from the environment in ordinary infrastructure. The invention has a volume of fluid in a closed unit, i.e. the hollow element, so that none of the content can escape into the surrounding environment. It is therefore possible to use different additives to control the properties of the fluid in the direction of what is desirable or appropriate. It will be relevant to build multiple units together, so that a more even supply of power is achieved, and it may be necessary to phase out one unit at a time in connection with inspections and maintenance. Another significant advantage is the fact that the power plant unit does not necessarily consume any water.

According to another variant, the device can according to the invention be placed on a floating construction, moored to the seabed offshore.

The object of the invention is achieved in accordance with the technical solution by rising the buoyancy elements up in a closed column element (pipe element), preferably with a rectangular cross-section, or mechanical separation can be established in the centre and the column element can be supplied with a buoyancy element in each half. When the buoyancy element, or elements, floats upwards, they will pull a cable or chain with them at the same time, the cable or chain running around a return pulley at each end of the volume of fluid. One of the return pulleys located at the ends of the column element drives a gearbox that drives, in turn, a generator. Alternatively, the gearbox can drive a hydraulic pump that delivers oil under relatively high pressure to an accumulator bank. The

accumulators or high pressure cylinders can subsequently feed a hydraulic motor that can drive, in turn, an alternating current generator with a relatively even speed and frequency.

It is also possible to produce this power with a direct current generator, and that power is stored eventually in an accumulator unit, and that the power can also eventually be stored in another accumulator unit. It can provide power for a direct current motor that drives, in turn, an alternating current generator. An even

frequency of 50 hertz, for example, can be achieved then. An electronic unit that is installed in the immediate vicinity of the generator will be able to regulate and fine tune the current pulses then, so that the power can be distributed on the existing main grid.

When the floating body rises and reaches the top of the column, at the top of the chamber, the column is tilted half a turn by means of weights, for example, so that the floating elements return to the bottom and the process starts again.

The column element is held in an approximately vertical position by means of a hydraulically driven lock mechanism. The weights are run horizontally between four tracks to the desired position by hydraulic telescopic cylinders, or by means of hydraulic motors, gear wheels and racks. The main weight is driven into position by horizontal movements, so that only moderate amounts of energy is required to get the weights out to the correct position in order to achieve the desired turning force. When a new half turn of the column element is to be prepared, the top weight is driven to the very end of the tracks and the bottom weight is driven inwards to below the centre line of the column element. In addition, a stationary weight is attached right outside the axis of rotation, so that the column element will accelerate faster when the mechanical lock at ground level is released. It is important that the floating elements return to the lower position as quickly as possible so that as little time as possible passes between each power-producing rising phase.

Another modification for turning the column element is to install a small hydraulically operated auxiliary weight, a steel weight, at each side of the centre section of the aforementioned element. The weight is connected to a relatively long arm, hinged at the end section of the actual column element, so that it can be brought from the centre section, completely to the far end of the main weight's end position. The auxiliary weights will then move in a circle, and the weight's arm will be the radius. The lower auxiliary weight will be driven upwards and inwards at the same time, as closely as possible to the acceleration weight at the centre of the column element. A more favourable turning force is achieved then, an additional turning moment, which also saves time for the actual turning of the column. When the floating elements have reached the top again, the running of the main loads and auxiliary weights starts again. The weights that were driven outwards the last time will now be driven inwards.

A moderate sized duct is also created in the middle of the floating element, where part of the fluid can flow through. Supply pipes and hoses are gathered together near the centre of rotation or axle arrangement. Since the column element does not rotate, but pivots from side to side, a half turn at a time, clockwise and anticlockwise, alternatively, swivel couplings for the hydraulic oil are not required, hoses with an excessive length can alternatively be used, equipped possibly with suitable extension springs to keep the hoses in a favourable position.

A hydraulic braking device is placed in the same area as the aforementioned locking mechanism. This is a braking/hydraulic cylinder, so that the residual energy from the pivoting movement of the column element can be collected in an

accumulator battery. Most of this energy can then be used by means of a controlled valve releasing accumulator pressure when the column starts a new cycle, a half turn back in the opposite direction. To increase the buoyancy energy during the rising phase, different minerals may be added to ordinary clean drinking water. The specific gravity may then easily be increased from 1.0 to around 2. A suitable oil can also be used instead of clean water, and additives to the oil can be used just like the additives used in connection with oil drilling, to increase the specific gravity. Since the column is driven in a semi-circular movement in the vertical plane a half a turn at a time to each side, the minerals/additives will always stay well distributed/mixed, so that separation or sedimentation does not arise. As a safety precaution, it may be relevant to arrange for an extra reservoir next to or in the vicinity of the pivoting column, so that it will be possible to completely empty the column. This would be an advantage in connection with servicing and maintenance. The necessary pumping arrangement must be rigged then to return the fluid back to the column.

The column/pipe element can be constructed with a rectangular cross section of sheets with primary stiffeners and secondary stiffeners, similar to that of a ship's hull. Alternatively, the element can be constructed as a circular pipe/tank, but the cross section will then be somewhat smaller in relation to the space that is available, but the circular shape will withstand relatively high pressure, a large volume of fluid, with moderate material quantities. It can be advantageous to construct multiple power-producing units next to each other. They can be built into a large steel hall, or they can be built into a concealed underground hall, alternatively in a mountain. The power plant can be built in all sizes.

The actual column element can be manufactured, for example, in steel, aluminium or polyester reinforced with glass/carbon fibre, or, alternatively, epoxy, reinforced with Kevlar™ fibre. The floating elements should be as light as possible, so it will probably be the most appropriate to design them based on epoxy/Kevlar™ material. It can be advantageous to fill the floating elements with polyurethane foam to protect against any leaks that could result in the penetration of fluids and thus a reduced buoyancy force. To reduce to the friction loss in the main support in the centre section of the column element, precision bearings with continuous circulation of lubricating oil should be used, in which the oil is pumped through a filter unit that can eliminate both particles and moisture. For this purpose a pump with relatively high pressure can be used, which can also give a pressure/floating film as a slide bearing, if the seal is a high quality seal.

If the column element is built to a length of 30 m for example, then a hall with a total height of around 35 m would be well suited. There would be space then for a service crane or an overhead travelling crane under the ceiling. In the latter case the column element can have a cross section of around 6x6 m. To ensure good clearance with the column wall, the floating element can have a cross section of 5x5 m. With an appropriate length, this element can have a volume of around 150 cubic metres. With a specific gravity approaching 2 in a fluid mixture the element will give buoyancy of around 300 tonnes. The specific weight of the floating element, for example, 20 tonnes, must be deducted from this. In this case around 280 tonnes of buoyancy will be available to give energy for the production of power under the rising phase. Running the weights, operation of the hydraulic power unit, operation of the compressed air unit, flow and friction losses in general will result in some energy loss.

Brief description of the drawings

Certain embodiments of the invention will be described in greater detail in the following with reference to the drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows schematically a side view of an embodiment comprising a double hollow space, cylinder filled with fluid, which has a rotatable suspension about an axis located in the area of the cylinder's centre, in which each half of the cylinder contains its own buoyancy body;

Figure 2 shows schematically a front view diagram from an end of another embodiment, comprising one or more cylinders arranged after each other in a row in a rotatable drum, rotatable about a common axis;

Figure 3 shows schematically a front view of an end of one of the rotatable cylinders illustrated in Figure 3;

Figure 4 shows schematically a front view of an end of the cylinder, in which details of the power transmission from the buoyancy body to a generator are indicated;

Figure 5 shows schematically the other end of a hollow cylinder that passes a predefined lower point;

Figure 6 shows schematically a simplified diagram that illustrates the various components and units that can be used to provide fully automated operation of the plant;

Figure 7 shows schematically how the direction of oil flow can be maintained into the main line even if the direction of rotation turns by means of a bypass line, a shut-off valve and a non-return valve;

Figure 8 shows schematically another embodiment in the form of a C-shaped, rotatable unit, placed on a tiltable base;

Figure 9 shows schematically another embodiment of the invention, in which different variants of providing initial acceleration force are indicated; Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram in which the solution is equipped in accordance with the invention with blades, placed on a floating installation offshore and driven by ocean or tidal current;

Figure 11 illustrates a variant of the column in accordance with the invention, in which the column is equipped at each end with an auxiliary weight to ensure rotation and the slide bearings are replaced by wheels that roll on tracks;

Figure 12 shows the same column as illustrated in Figure 1 , in which the column has been rotated 180 degrees and the centre axis has been rolled sideways;

Figure 13 shows a side view of a drum equipped with columns and a fluid penetration body in accordance with the invention;

Figure 14 shows a vertical cross section through the drum illustrated in Figure 13, seen along the line A-A;

Figure 15 shows a modified principle with fluid of a different specific gravity in accordance with the invention of the columns and the drum;

Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of a column element between two arch elements that are given in the form of an ellipse;

Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of a column element according to the invention, arranged between two circle shaped arch elements;; and

Figure 18 shows a configuration corresponding to what is illustrated in Figure 17, in which the column element has been rotated approximately 180 degrees clockwise.

Detailed Description of Embodiments of the Invention

In the following description of the various embodiments of the invention the same reference numbers will be used for identical or practically identical

components, parts or units.

Figure 1 shows a side view diagram of an embodiment comprising a double hollow space, cylinder filled with fluid 1 , which has a rotatable suspension about an axis 7, located in the area of the cylinder's 1 centre. The cylinder 1 consists of two cylinder halves A and B, each containing their own buoyancy body 2. It may be advantageous for buoyancy bodies 2 according to this embodiment to be hollow and filled with gas. Alternatively, or in addition, the buoyancy body may be filled with polyurethane foam. There should preferably be good clearance between the buoyancy bodies 2 and the internal surface of the cylinder 1 so that the buoyancy bodies 2 can essentially move easily in relation to the cylinder's 1 wall(s) without significant friction. For this purpose the buoyancy bodies 2 can be equipped with four wheels 14 (see Figures 3 and 4) placed at each end of the buoyancy body 2, and the wheel bearings may be made of a ceramic material.

The shaft 7 that supports the cylinder 1 is supported on each side of this by a foundation 10 that rests on a base 11. The base 11 can, for example, be cast in concrete, or the unit can be anchored directly to bedrock. By placing an adjustable slide arrangement 27 where the rotation shaft is located, eccentricity can be achieved to both sides. Between the two steel foundations 10 there is a circular arched crib, which has a recess on the bottom with foundation lock cylinders 18. The aforementioned displacement of the centre of rotation can take place by means of one or more hydraulic cylinders (not illustrated). By mounting the hollow element 1 and shaft arrangement 7 into two rectangular steel frames or slide guides 27 that intermesh with each other, the centre of gravity of the element 1 can be displaced and give torque to the shaft journals in the shaft arrangement 7. The innermost frame that is mounted directly on the side plates of the element 1 fits into a surface frame that has overextended sides, so that the centre of gravity can be displaced in relation to the centre of rotation by means of hydraulics. If the latter frame or suspension system is adequately dimensioned, it is possible here to displace the centre of gravity so much that the weight of a weight 9, placed at each end of the element 1 , can be reduced. The aforementioned weight 9 and its function will be described in greater detail below.

A power generator 22 is placed at the end of the column 1 , and it is driven by a cable, belt or chain via gear box 21 , mounted on one end of the aforementioned generator 22. Power generated by the generator 22 can be transferred to a power accumulator 23 that can store power from the generator 22. The generator 22 can, for example, be a direct current generator.

When the element 2 moves up due to buoyancy from a lower position to the centre of the element 1 , the aforementioned buoyancy movement causes the movement of a cable, belt or chain that is transferred to the generator 22. The aforementioned cable(s) is attached to the buoyancy body 2. The movement is transferred by means of wheels, pulleys or corresponding movement transferring devices when the buoyancy body 2 moves in one direction or the other inside the element 1. At the same time as the floating element 2 in the bottom half has undergone its rising phase, the floating element 2 in the upper half has also risen from its lower position at the element's 1 centre section to just under the top of the column element 1. This means that almost half the time is saved, compared with just having one floating body 1. In addition, the column 1 is easier to turn in order to prepare for the next rising of the elements 2. The floating element 2 that stops below the ring-shaped centre section reduces the weight below the centre of rotation significantly, compared with a solution where there is only one floating body 2 in the column element 1. Since the centre section has an opening 42 (see Figures 3 and 4) in the centre, back pressure above the lower floating body 2 and suction forces below the upper floating body 2 will be reduced somewhat. This also increases the effect of the power plant unit, since the rising period for the elements 2 is reduced.

The cylinder unit 1 is equipped at each end with fixed tracks 8 that guide the weights 9, which can be moved perpendicularly away from or towards the cylinder element 1. The weights are driven back and forth by means of telescopic hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors, toothed wheels and racks. Both of these units can be driven from a hydraulic power unit 26 that is driven in turn by a drive unit 23. A control unit 24 is used to control the power plant. This system also includes a transformer unit for the delivery of electricity to the power grid (not illustrated).

In order to get the elements 2 down again quickly and ready for the next rise, the uppermost turning weights 9 are driven outwards between four tracks 8 to the end, while the lowermost weight 9 is driven completely inwards. A fixed weight 28, protruding somewhat from the column's 1 centre section, contributes to the

acceleration of the column into the pivoting movement when a hydraulic lock unit 25 on the base 11 adjacent to the column's 1 lower end releases an end element 4 at the end of the column element 1. The column element 1 pivots thus a half turn freely. The column turns faster due to the weight 28, so that the floating elements 2 can start to rise again earlier. The turning weights 9 are equipped with at least eight track wheels with high quality bearings. The weights 9 can be driven

outwards/inwards on the tracks 8 by means of a hydraulically driven motor, toothed wheels and racks, so that the weights 9 are in the right position for the next half turn.

All the movements of the aforementioned elements are controlled by a computerised system, a PLC system, in the control unit 24. This unit 24 receives impulses and signals from the instrumentation that is used. It is of a high standard and has a long life. As examples of such instrumentation, movement detectors 12, level sensors 3 and signal transmitters that are activated when the weights are driven out/in to the right position can be mentioned. The lowermost weight 9, hydraulically positioned, is held right below the column's 1 centre line, or it can be driven a little to the side, to the opposite side in relation to the weight 9 that is in the uppermost position now.

The generator 22 is driven as mentioned by the buoyancy elements 2 being attached between the ends of a steel cable that runs internally in the column element 1 , via two cable pulleys 12 at each end of the two halves or chambers in the column element 1. The cable is left lying double for the entire length, one section of the cable is completely on the side of the element 1 and the other section is in the centre of the column element 1 through a duct 42. The axle for the cable pulley, which is placed in a relatively narrow box construction 38 at the end of the column element 1 , is guided through a bearing unit with two external roller bearings that are equipped with rubber and/or plastic rings that seal against the fluid inside the column element 1. One of the outgoing axles is connected to the gear box 21 with a chain in an oil bath and drives the generator 22, which is mounted on the outside of the end section of the column element. Instead of steel cable or a chain, a threaded spindle with a particularly high thread pitch can be mounted in the centre of the column element 1 , so that it rotates when buoyancy body 2 rises up and produce power via gears and a generator. The spindle can be led through the centre of the end cover and drive a gear box directly. The number of driving components can therefore be reduced significantly.

It can be advantageous to bolt the end cover to the end of the column element

1. The floating element 2 is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the column element 1 , but with substantial clearance, so that the flow resistance in the fluid in the column element 1 is not too high. For further reduction of the flow resistance, a pyramid-shaped element can be created at both ends of the floating element 2. The cylinder element 1 and the floating element 2 may have a square cross-section.

Alternatively, the shape of the cross section may be oval or circular without deviating thus from the inventive concept. The cylinder element 1 is braked by a hydraulically operated cylinder 18 when the collar 4 at the top of the cylinder element 1 reaches the top of a pendulum element 17. The cylinder's piston presses oil subsequently through a bypass line, past a valve 16 and through a non-return valve 19, and into one or more pressure accumulators 20. When the cylinder element 1 stops completely, this is registered by the movement detector 12, which transmits a signal to a pneumatic valve, which then activates the locking device 25. The cylinder element 1 is held still now, almost vertical, or slightly aslant, until the buoyancy element 2 approaches the top again. This is registered by the level sensor 3, which may be an inductive sensor, and which transmits a signal via the control unit 24 to the valve 16. Valve 26 opens the accumulated compressed oil and releases it into the acceleration and braking cylinder 18.

When there is a reduced need for power in the distribution net, the power plant can produce energy that is stored in the accumulator unit 23. The control unit 24 contains control and regulating equipment, such as computerisation/PLC, converting from direct current to alternating current, frequency and phase regulation. The accumulator unit 20 can be charged with nitrogen gas. The valves 16 can be pneumatically operated, so that they close and open quickly. An electrically driven air compressor unit (not illustrated) is placed near the steel foundations 10. The braking and acceleration cylinders 18 must have extra support to ensure that they are maintained in a horizontal position, since there are no connecting bolts at the end of the piston rods, only two pockets welded onto the pendulum element 17, so that the cylinder that does not brake is released from the pendulum element 17 if the foundation can be displaced hydraulically. This is to ensure that the end element 4 on the cylinder element 1 returns to the right side of the pendulum element 17 before start-up.

The non-return valves 19 release the oil directly into the accumulators 20. Two hydraulically operated holding mechanisms 25 are placed near the movement indicator 12 to ensure that the cylinder element 1 stands still until the point in time when one of the valves 16 are to be open. Hoses and pipes that provide a

connection between the braking cylinders 18 and the accumulator unit 20 shall be correctly dimensioned. It may be necessary to have multiple outlets on the cylinders and multiple accumulators 20 for each cylinder 18. It is important that the oil has a moderate rate of flow out of the cylinders 18, so that the oil does not become too hot and thus lose energy unnecessarily. Proper dimensioning of the latter elements is important to obtain enough oil fast enough so that it can contribute acceleration energy to the column element 1 when it is to return in a new half turn.

According to this solution, the energy can be supplied to initiate and drive the pivoting movement, for example, by making the base pivotable in relation to the horizontal plane, caused by the water that flows past. Such water can, for example, be sewage or water from a dam to a turbine installation, where there is a residual height that cannot be utilised by the turbine.

Figure 2 shows a schematic front view diagram of second embodiment of the invention in the form of a column arrangement 1 with floating elements 2 that are illustrated as being mounted in a drum, as viewed inwards from an end section.

The embodiment example shown in Figure 2 shows a power plant unit where a majority of the column elements 1 with floating elements 2 are mounted in the drum's 6 direct current generator 22 (not illustrated in Figure 2). It may be

advantageous for each column element 1 to be built up as illustrated and described in connection with Figure 1.

The drum 6 which may, for example, be in the form of a steel cylinder, has rotatable support on a set of wheels 15 attached to the base 11. The drum 6 rotates about a rotational axis 5 in the centre of the drum 6, where the rotational axis 5 runs in a pressure lubricated slide bearing 29 that is supported by a steel frame that extends down to the base 1 1. The shaft journals are reamed out in the centre so that they can lead oil through a swivel coupling 30 and also reamed out so that signal cables can be led to and from slip ring contacts on the outside of the slide bearing 29. A watertight wall 31 can be placed on all four sides around the drum, so that the drum can float in a reservoir. The slide bearings 29 can then be mounted in vertical guides that permit some movement. The roller sets 15 can be equipped with ceramic water-lubricated bearings, mounted in pairs and with a minimum of two sets on each end. When the drum 6 floats, the rollers will have clearance with the drum 6. The base 1 1 may be made of reinforced concrete, or the drum 6 can be anchored directly to rock. It should be noted, however, that the drum 6 can be placed in a reservoir (not illustrated) offshore. For this purpose the drum can be equipped with blades that interact with the ocean or tidal currents to supply energy to the drum 6.

When a column element 1 is lying horizontally, the floating element 2 will be free and the braking mechanism will not be activated. The floating element 2 will then start to rise again when the angle of the column reaches around 5 degrees. The braking mechanism can be equipped with local end switches that acknowledge when it is disconnected or activated.

In a drum solution with many column elements 1 there will always be one or more floating bodies 2 that contribute to the achievement of rotation and thus the production of energy. Column elements 1 are arranged after each other in a row inside the drum 6, since all of them rotate about the same axis, which also

corresponds to the rotational axis of the actual drum 6.

Figure 3 shows schematically an end of the rotatable drum 6 illustrated in Figure 3 and how the cable pulleys 34 or the chain wheels are placed at the end of column element 1 . The figure also illustrates a generator 22 or hydraulic pump that is driven by the axle of a spindle/cable pulley 12, 34.

As mentioned, Figure 3 illustrates spindle/cable pulleys 12, 34, alternatively chain wheels, in the form of two units at each end of each column element 1 . These have an shaft that passes through the walls in a surrounding box construction. The column elements have end caps that are attached to the column element's 1 end by means of bolts of a hot galvanised quality. The wheels 14 with ceramic bearings keep the floating element 2 at the proper distance from the walls of column element 1 . The figure also indicates the central duct 42 through the buoyancy element 2 that the cable is pulled through.

Figure 4 illustrates how the various mechanical units are assembled together to produce compressed oil or power. One of the cable pulleys 12, 34 can be equipped with multiple tracks for multiple steel cables running in parallel, or, alternatively, a rust-free triple chain, which drives the shaft arrangement, gear box 21 , and the pump/generator/drive unit 23. It can be advantageous to attach the cover on top of column element 1 in a water and pressure tight manner to column element 1 by means of a large number of bolts. Two support and/or distance wheels 14 are placed on each corner of the buoyancy element 2. The through-going shaft 35, which holds the cable pulleys 12,34, and which are connected to the generator/pump 23, are supported by means of bearings 36, which may be double row, spherical roller bearings that can withstand very heavy loads, even if the surrounding steel construction may have small elastic movements. A complete braking unit 37, which is activated by an electromagnetic device, has a flexible flange coupling to axle 35, which runs subsequently through the seal units 37 on the sides of the box

construction 38, in which the seal units 37 are supplied with rubber/plastic rings that seal against fluid in the column element 1 at all four sites where the axle passes through the steel construction. The coupling 39, possibly a palloid gear tooth coupling, transfers the rotation to gear box 21 , which increases the rotation speed. A smaller coupling 40 that drives the hydraulic pump 23 can therefore be mounted. Lever 41 can be activated by an electromagnetic device to reverse the rotational direction of the outgoing shaft. Hydraulic pump 23 can then continue to run in the same rotational direction, even if floating element 2 turns and pulls the cable and wheel in the other direction. Internally, in the through-going, centrally located duct 42 in the buoyancy body 2, a fastening device 43 is mounted for the end of one or more cables, alternatively a solid chain. Buoyancy body 2 is equipped with a

corresponding fastening device 43 at the lower end. The duct 42 contributes to reducing the flow resistance against the buoyancy element 2.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of an end of the cylinder 1 , where details of the transfer of power from the buoyancy body 2 to a generator 23 are indicated. At its lower end, column element 1 is equipped with a unit 44 that includes an electronic instrument based on receiving a sound or electromagnetic signal from a transmitter 45 that is located below the drum unit 6, approximately 15 degrees from the lowest position. This signal makes the braking device release both the buoyancy elements 2 in the column element 1.

Figure 6 shows schematically a simplified diagram that illustrates the various components and units that can be used to provide fully automated operation of the plant, including a diagram for the assembly of the necessary mechanical

components and instruments that are required for automated operation of the power plant and production of power. All the valves are remotely controlled from the computer system, the PLC system, which is placed in the unit 24, which also contains equipment for the delivery of electricity. The unit 24 can also possibly include equipment for converting direct current to alternating current, if direct current generators are used instead of hydraulic pumps to collect the buoyancy energy from the buoyancy elements 2. The unit 24 also contains frequency and phase regulating equipment in order to gain access to the existing power grid in the area where the power plant is located.

In addition, a swivel coupling 46 is used in order to supply oil to the two drums 6, placed with their rotational axes parallel to each other. In addition, slip ring contacts 47 are used, which can, for example, be made from copper rings and graphite brushes for the supply of electrical control signals to and from the drum(s) 6. The slide bearings 29 receive lubricating oil under relatively high pressure from the pump 48, so that an oil film is created, a pressure film between the axle journal and the bearing liner. This requires special gaskets of high quality on both sides of the bearing 29, as well as an adjustable back pressure valve. The pump 48 delivers oil from an oil tank 49, which is equipped with filter units for both particles and the possible removal of drops of water. A gear tooth system, an even number of identically sized gear teeth are placed on/between the axle to the drums 6 for interconnection. Alternatively, a toothed ring on the periphery of each drum can be used. In both cases the drums 6 will rotate in the opposite direction, and the counter- torque of the two drums 6 will reverse each other to a certain extent.

In the piping for the compressed oil, the hydraulic oil, several non-return valves 51 are placed to ensure the operation, especially to prevent backflow into the pumps. An accumulator unit 20 gives a more even flow of oil and more even pressure on the inlet side of the control valve 52 after the oil has passed valve 53. Valve 53 can shut off the flow of oil for the service and maintenance of the valve 52, and for the maintenance, possibly the replacement of the hydraulic motor 54, which drives the generator 22.

By means of the pump 55, which receives oil from the tank unit 56 with the necessary filters, start-up pressure is built up to get the power plant started. Control valve 57 is the fully open for the delivery of compressed oil to the motor 58. When the drum unit 6 has achieved normal operating speed, the built-in pumps will start to produce enough compressed oil, which is regulated by the valve 57, so that the motor 58 can drive the drum units 6 and the motor 54 can drive the generator 22 when the valves 52 and 53 have been opened. The start-up pump 55 can be stopped then. The oil pressure of the various system components is registered continuously by pressure transmitters 59, which transmit power signals to the control unit 24. The drum units' 6 angular velocity is registered continuously by instrument 60, so that the hydraulic motor's input oil flow, and thus the rotational speed of the drum units 6 is known. The tank unit 61 shall have relative good capacity. It is equipped with level switches, filters and a ready installed backup filter, mounted in a bypass line with remote controlled valves that are opened if the pressure sensors before and after the filter that is in use were to register a differential pressure that is too high. Operational interruptions and the replacement of filters can thus be avoided.

Figure 7 shows how the oil flow by means of a bypass line, the shut-off valve 56 and a non-return valve, can be maintained into the main line, even if the hydraulic pump's direction of rotation turns when buoyancy body 2 pulls the cable and the wheels/cable pulleys 34,12 in the opposite direction. The gear box 21 is mounted then without any reverse function. The aforementioned bypass and valves can be integrated in the hydraulic pump 23. |

Figure 8 shows schematically another embodiment arranged on a tiltable base. In this solution said one or more column elements 1 are suspended on a C- shaped roller 75, which is configured to roll back and forth on a tiltable base 76. The C-shaped element, which is drawn with a solid line, shows this unit's one extreme position, while the opposite dotted line shows the C-shaped roller in the opposite extreme position, where it has rolled over to the opposite side. By rolling back and forth, caused by the manipulation of the water level in the two separate reservoirs that the tiltable base 17 floats in, the buoyancy elements 2 will tilt up and down as a result of said rotation of the C-shaped element back and forth on the barge 17.

The reference number 62 shows a steel construction or an auxiliary construction, reference number 63 shows a remote controlled valve with large dimensions, position 64 shows a non-return valve that releases compressed oil, retardation energy into the accumulator 65. The remote controlled valve 66 opens automatically when the pontoon has risen in the columns 1. Accumulated energy then helps column 1 to get started after the barge 67 in advance has tilted a little by filling water from a natural inflow, such as a river, accumulated wave energy, sewage, etc., water being filed through the valve 63 on the right side, at the same time as some water is drained off on the left side through hydraulically operated valve 73, and in the reverse order for the next cycle. Two sealing elements 76 seal between the right and left side in the reservoir. During the rise of the pontoon, the buoyancy energy is transferred to the generator unit 22 by means of a chain that is attached to the top and bottom of the pontoon in the centre. The chain has a return pulley on the end of column 1 , and since the pontoon is equipped with two wheels at each corner, the chain has ample space into the side wall of the column.

Position 70 shows an element that is pressed outwards when the column slows down. This element is connected to the braking and acceleration cylinder mounted on the element 70. Use of a cable pulley 62 is intended when a transportable auxiliary winch is mounted on ground level in connection with installation and maintenance. In addition, the ceiling can be divided into elements, so that a larger mobile crane can be used in connection with maintenance. The support cushions 68 are activated hydraulically during installation and maintenance. Position 69 shows a bracket with a locking shaft that fits the locking hook on the element 72. A generator 22 with gears and freewheel increases the speed of the protruding or driving axle journal from the column, and the generator 22 is also connected to a rubber cable with the correct length, which distributes the electricity via a swivel suspension 75, as explained in the earlier applications NO 20082286 and NO

20082463, which are hereby included by the reference. The auxiliary/screw pump 78 can be used for fine adjustment of the angle of the barge. A smaller volume of water can be used here. The auxiliary pump 80 can be used to adjust the water level on the right and left sides of the reservoir when the butterfly valves 20 are opened hydraulically. The steel element 71 strengthens the column where retardation and acceleration forces arise. Pos. 74 shows the possibility of mounting the column slightly eccentric, and it should be theoretically possible to adjust it both ways. Pos. 75 shows the C-shaped element that is built up from steel/aluminium plates or other suitable material, preferably as light as possible, with internal beams and stiffeners in the same manner as in barges for seagoing transport. The axle journal 79 can be equipped with ceramic slide bearings. Pos. 75 shows the approximate water level and pos. 77 shows the approximate maximum angle of tilt. The final, approximately correct angle is calculated as accurately as possible in advance and adjusted during the run. Pos. 78 shows the pressure transmitters that can also show the water level percentage. Pos. 80 shows the placement of an inductive sensor that sends a signal to the computer system, control system, when the pontoon is up and the next stroke can start. By draining the column of fluid and filling the pontoon with a heavier fluid, power is produced when the pontoon goes down.

Figure 9 shows schematically another embodiment of the invention, in which three different spring variants are used to initiate and/or strengthen the start of the rolling movement. The enclosed drawing shows three alternatives for supplying energy to the turnaround operation, namely i) supply of energy by means of weights that are lifted with hydraulics C; ii) supply by means of compression springs/hydraulics E, and Hi) supply of energy by means of extension springs, one or more in each direction, which are tensioned hydraulically. The spring arrangement C is a variant for the achievement of movement, while D and E are two other variants. In the C variant one or more springs are used in each direction, in which the springs are extended between a suspension point on the one end point and the C-shaped element. The long extension springs in accordance with variant C can possibly be replaced by a long hydraulic cylinder that receives compressed oil from a charged accumulator bank.

D marks another variant in which weights are used to achieve the initial accelerating movement of the C-shaped body, while E shows a third variant in which compression springs are used.

Figure 10 shows a schematic front view in which a drum 6 is provided with a number of blades, placed along the circumference of a drum 6 that includes a number of column elements with buoyancy bodies. The drum 6 can be designed with or without columns and floats. Drum 6 is driven around by the ocean current and/or waves. The drum 6 is supported, for example, on a catamaran hull 82, supplied with a solid triangular bar that is connected to a buoy, which in turn is anchored to the seabed, so that only the lowest rows of blades are in contact with the water. The drum 6 drives the generator 22 via the gear element 21. It may be advantageous for the bearing hull to be anchored to a single point anchor, which allows the hull to rotate dependent on the direction of the wind and/or current.

The number and sizes may be dependent on the weight of the C-arch and column, etc. The power produced is transferred onshore by means of a sea cable. The hull can be equipped with a landing deck 83 for helicopters.

It should also be stated that pressure differences formed by osmosis can be used for the supply of the aforementioned energy.

Reference is made now to Figures 1 1 and 12, where Figure 1 1 describes a variant of the column in accordance with the invention, equipped with wheels/wheel bearings 7 instead of slide bearings, while Figure 12 describes the variant illustrated in Figure 1 1 , where the column has been rotated 180 degrees and the centre axis has been rolled sideways in relation to the position shown in Figure 1 1 . Column 1 shall have the same equipment and auxiliary elements as the column illustrated in Figure 1 . Shaft/wheel 7 rolls on the foundation 10. Shaft/wheel 7 can possibly be placed eccentrically sideways, and it can have an ellipse shape instead of a circular shape. When energy is supplied by running the auxiliary weights 9 in the frame 8 to the most favourable position, the column will rotate approximately half a turn. When the float 2 has completed its rise and generated power via gears and a generator, the auxiliary weights 9 are driven back in the frames 8 and the column will be rotated back half a turn and return to its initial position.

In this variant the upper and lower arm with weight 9 also point in the same direction, so the weight 9 will always be able to contribute to initiating the column's rotating movement. This type of bearing requires two stop devices 17 as illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 13 shows a side view of a drum equipped with columns in accordance with the invention, which will have the same auxiliary systems as illustrated in Figure 2 to Figure 7, while Figure 14 shows a vertical cross section through the drum 6 illustrated in Figure 13, as seen along the line A-A. The Figures 13 and 14 show hollow space elements or displacement elements 83, which are used when the drum 1 is filled with fluid.

The vertical cross section illustrated in Figure 14 passes through the centre of the shaft 85 in a fluid-filled drum 6, which can float in a reservoir 33, and the number of columns 2 can, for example, be 20 or more. Element 1 shows the contour of the column 1 , which is equipped with one or two buoyancy bodies/floats 2, in which both of the said elements are placed in a drum 6. The fluid in such a reservoir can have a relatively high specific weight. Said drum 6 can also be supported on bearings 89 on both ends without floating in a reservoir, but preferably with a smaller number of columns in this case.

The hollow element 83 displaces fluid so that it affects the drum's centre of gravity. Its position can be regulated by means of a hydraulic cylinder 87, which is mounted on a foundation 91 , the cylinder 87 transferring power to the bar 86 which transfers in turn the torque to the shaft, which is attached to a plate 84, which holds the displacement element 83 in position. Said shaft is supported on the bearings 89 and 88, which may be pressure lubricated slide bearings. Two slide bearings 90 of the same said type may possibly hold the ends of the drum up in addition to the buoyancy forces from a reservoir 33. The bearings 89 are only for the shaft 85 and the bearings 90 are the end bearing for the drum. The bearings 90 have a large wearing surface compared with the bearings 89, which can be held in place by said arm.

The volume of the displacement element 83 can, for example, represent approximately the same volume as one or two buoyancy bodies represent in each their own column. The centre of gravity in the drum system will then move towards and approach the drum's centre of rotation. There should then be less energy to drive the drum 6 around. It can be advantageous to build the displacement element 83 from epoxy/Kevlar™ so that it can be as light and as effective as possible. In accordance with this variant the column(s) is attached or welded at its extreme ends to the periphery of the drum 6 and are thus rotatable in relation to shaft 85. The displacement element or the displacement elements 83 are attached to the plate 84, which are attached in turn to the shaft 85. When the elements are made of steel or aluminium then welding can be used for permanent mounting. The aforementioned plate 84 and the displacement elements 83 are normally at a standstill. The exception here is when their position is regulated by means of the hydraulic telescope cylinder 87 and the turning arm, permanently mounted on the axis. The latter components are configured so that the displacement elements 83 can be lifted/rotated clockwise at around 45 degrees in relation to the known position by means of the arm 86.

When a fluid-filled drum with columns rotates clockwise, the floats will primarily collect in the right half, as illustrated in Figure 2. The drum will be lighter then on that side, and it will therefore be relatively more energy demanding to turn when only one drum is used. By adapting the size and placement of the hollow elements 83 the centre of gravity will move back towards the centre.

Figure 15 shows a modified column/float principle for the production of power, where the column 1 is supported on bearings, has auxiliary weights and the same auxiliary systems as illustrated in Figure 1. The main column 1 is supplied with an auxiliary/inner column 1 1 1 in which the float 2 rises in a fluid 1 12 with a relatively moderate specific gravity. The float 2 has a solid chain 12 mounted on both the top and bottom, where they pass through the hollow piston rods 106 and around the chain wheel 34, which pulls in turn gears and a generator for the production of power, as illustrated in principle in Figures 1 and 4. 101 is the end element of the auxiliary cylinder 1 1 1 and where the hollow piston rods 106 with the permanently mounted pistons 107 run through a gasket set in the centre of the partition

walls/elements 1 10 and the end elements 105 belonging to the main column 1 . As illustrated in Figure 15, the weight of the auxiliary/inner column 1 1 1 has pressed out a fluid 103 with a relatively high specific weight, somewhat dependent on the length ratio between the two columns 1 and 1 1 1 , and also dependent on the volume of float 2 that has been chosen. This fluid, which is somewhat similar to the special fluid/mud that is used in connection with oil drilling, is pressed out from the lower end chamber 103 and through the pipe connection 104 and into the upper end chamber, in which the fluid 103 represents a substantial weight, so that the common centre of gravity for the entire construction approaches the bearing point at 7 and 27, and so that a moderate amount of energy is used to turn the column 1 and to start a new rising of the float 2 for the subsequent production of power in a new cycle. In order to enable the piston 107 to brake the process with back pressure or a vacuum on the dry side of the pistons, a pipe connection 108 has been established between the innermost end chambers 102 where atmospheric air has been eliminated in favour of dried nitrogen or another suitable gas to prevent corrosion. The inner cylinder 109 can be filled, for example, with carbon dioxide or nitrogen to prevent or reduce corrosion, and to ensure that the inner cylinder with fluid 1 12 provides good weight/power to the piston 107, so that it is possible to press the heavy fluid to the top of the main cylinder/column 1. End cylinders and pistons 107 may have a smaller diameter than the inner cylinder 109.

Figure 16 shows a schematic diagram of a column element 1 between two arch elements 75 given the form of an ellipse. As a result of this shape of the arch elements 75 the construction accelerates quickly, achieving thus a high speed and subsequently pivoting up again to an approximately vertical position at the other end of the runway or tracks. The float 2 is then released for the production of power. The construction displayed has essentially the same auxiliary equipment as the C-shared element 75 illustrated in Figure 8. The elements 75 are equipped with an

acceleration weight 28, which contributes to increasing the aforementioned

acceleration more.

In order to more easily be able to pivot the construction up towards a vertical position, an adjustable and drivable auxiliary weight 9 is available, and it has a good effect in the final phase of the turning process. This construction can also be equipped with elements 14, which contribute to the fact that the column 1 can be adjusted eccentrically to both sides in relation to the construction's point of contact with the foundation or runway. In order to get the construction in a completely vertical position, acceleration energy is supplied as illustrated in Figure 8 by using the alternative illustrated in Figure 9 with retraction or pre-tensioning.

Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of a column element according to the invention, placed between two arch elements 75, while Figure 18 shows a

configuration corresponding to what is illustrated in Figure 17, where the column element has been rotated approximately half a turn clockwise. Figure 17 shows a circular arch that has a recessed centre in relation to an ordinary circular arch, which is indicated by dotted lines, so that the arch on the elements 75 has a larger radius and is steeper and more sudden in the start-up phase. This construction has therefore a very high acceleration, achieves a high speed and pivots up towards the vertical line on the other side/end of the runway to a position close to what is illustrated by the dotted lines in Figure 18. This construction will have primarily the same auxiliary equipment as illustrated in Figure 8. Energy can be supplied as illustrated in Figure 8 by means of a tiltable barge in a water reservoir, or energy can be supplied to the construction by means of the elements and methods illustrated in Figure 9. The column 1 can be equipped with the elements 14, which give some eccentricity in relation to the construction's point of contact on the foundation or runway.

The advantage of this construction consists, for example, of the fact that when the arch elements 75 are locked, the float 2 can be released even if the column has achieved a vertical position, and, gradually as the float 2 rises and produces power, the column 1 will gradually right itself and have a vertical position when the float 2 has reached the top point.