OF THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE

UTILITY PATENT APPLICATION

TITLE PAGE

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PLAYING CARD SHUFFLER

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SPECIFICATION 1

2

TECHNICAL FIELD 3

[0001] The technical field of this invention is shuffling machines for 4 shuffling playing cards used in gaming. 5

6

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 7

[0002] Shuffling machines, or shufflers, are widely used in casinos, card 8 rooms and many other venues at which card games are played. Conventional 9 shufflers are typically adapted to receive one or more decks of standard playing io cards to be shuffled. The intended purpose of most shufflers is to shuffle the 11 playing cards into what is believed to be a random order. Such a random order 12 of the playing cards is desirable when playing various types of card games such 13 as blackjack, poker and the like. However, in reality most shufflers have 14 tendencies to shuffle or reorder the deck or decks in a manner which skilled card 15 counters can perceive and use to their advantage versus the casino, house or other 16 player. Thus, there is still a need for automated shufflers that function in a 17 manner which more truly randomizes the ordering of a deck or decks of playing 18 cards. 19 [0003] Other problems associated with at least some conventional shufflers 20 include excessive size, excessive weight, excessive mechanical complexity and/or 21 electronic complexity. These complexities also may fail to achieve a suitable 22 degree of shuffling, reordering or recompiling into a truly random order from one 23 shuffling process to another. Accordingly, there is still a need for improved 24 automated shuffling machines for playing cards that produce reordering of card 25 decks in a manner which is closer to true randomness and which is more difficult 26 for skilled card players to decipher to change the odds so as to be relatively 27 favorable to the player versus unfavorable portions of a deck or decks of cards. 28

[0004] One casino game commonly called blackjack or 21 is known to be 29 susceptible to card counting and casinos are routinely spending significant- 30 amounts of money trying to prevent card counters from taking advantage of non- 31 random sequences in the decks held within a dealing shoe that holds the decks 32 being dealt. Poker has also grown in popularity and is played with a single deck 33 which makes any knowledge of cards of potential significance to a player. 34

[0005] The inventions shown and described herein may be used to address 35 one or more of such problems or other problems not set out herein and/or which 36 are only understood or appreciated at a later time. The future may also bring to 37 light currently unknown or unrecognized benefits which may be appreciated or 38 more fully appreciated in association with the inventions shown and 39 described herein. The desires and expected benefits explained herein are not 40 admissions that others have recognized such prior needs since invention and 41 discovery are both inventive under the law and may relate to the inventions 42 described herein. 43

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 44

[0006] Preferred forms, configurations, embodiments and/or diagrams 45 relating to and helping to describe preferred aspects and versions of the inventions 46 are explained and characterized herein, often with reference to the accompanying 47 drawings. The drawings and all features shown therein also serve as part of the 48 disclosure of the inventions of the current document, whether described in text or 49 merely by graphical disclosure alone. Such drawings are briefly described below. 50

{0007] Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of an apparatus according 51 to at least one embodiment of the inventions. 52

[0008] Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a control system according to at 53 least one embodiment of the inventions. 54

[0009] Fig. 3 is a flow diagram depicting an operational sequence according 55 to at least one embodiment of the inventions. 56

[0010] Fig. 4 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a 57 series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment 58 of the inventions. . 59

[0011] Fig. 5 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a 60 series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment 61 of the inventions. 62 [0012] Fig. 6 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a 63 series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment 64 of the inventions. 65

[0013] Fig. 7 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a 66 series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment 67 of the inventions. 68

[0014] Fig. 8 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a 69 series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment 70 of the inventions. 71

[0015] Fig. 9 is a side diagrammatic elevational view depicting one of a 72 series of operational steps of an apparatus according to at least one embodiment 73 of the inventions. 74

[0016] Fig. 10 is a side diagrammatic elevational view of an apparatus 75 according to at least one alternative embodiment of the inventions. 76

[0017] Fig. 11 is a side diagrammatic elevational view of an alternative 77 means for biasing a card array. 78

[0018] Fig. 12 is a side diagrammatic elevational view of the mechanism of 79

Fig. 11 with playing cards shown. 80

[0019] Fig. 13 is a side diagrammatic elevational view of a further 81 alternative mechanism for biasing the array of playing cards. 82 [0020] Fig. 14 is a side diagrammatic elevational view similar to Fig. 13 83 with an array of playing cards therein. 84

[0021] Fig. 15 is a diagrammatic elevational view showing another 85 alternative construction for intermittently supporting the array of playing cards. 86

[0022] Fig. 16 is a top view of the subject matter shown in Fig. 15. 87

[0023] Fig. 17 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a still further version 88 of the invention. 89

[0024] Fig. 18 is a diagrammatic elevational view of another version of the 90 invention. 91

DETAILED DESCRIPTION 92

[0025] A table of sections of this detailed description follows. 93

TABLE OF DETAILED DESCRIPTION SUBSECTIONS

INTRODUCTORY NOTES

GENERAL OVERVIEW

CARD SUPPORTS

CARD AND REST POSITIONER

EXCITER

CARD RECEIVER

CONTROLLER

HOUSING

ALTERNATIVE SUPPORT BIASING OF UNSHUFFLED CARD ARRAY

ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENT - GATED UNSHUFFLED ARRAY GATED SUPPORT

OPERATION

ALTERNATIVE ASPECTS AND CONFIGURATIONS

METHODS AND MANNERS OF USE

MANNER AND MATERIALS OF MAKING

INTRODUCTORY NOTES 135

[0026] The readers of this document should understand that the 136 embodiments described herein may rely on terminology used in any section of this 137 document and other terms readily apparent from the drawings and the language 138 common therefor as may be known in a particular art and such as known or 139 indicated and provided by dictionaries. Dictionaries were used in the preparation 140 of this document. Widely known and used in the preparation hereof are Webster' s i4i

Third New International Dictionary (O 1993), The Oxford English Dictionary 142

(Second Edition, © 1989), and The New Century Dictionary (© 2001-2005), all 143 of which are hereby incorporated by reference for interpretation of terms used 144 herein and for application and use of words defined in such references to more 145 adequately or aptly describe various features, aspects and concepts shown or 146 otherwise described herein using more appropriate words having meanings 147 applicable to such features, aspects and concepts. 148

[0027] This document is premised upon using one or more terms with one 149 embodiment that may also apply to other embodiments for similar structures, 150 functions, features and aspects of the inventions. Wording used in the claims is 151 also descriptive of the inventions, and the text and meaning of the claims and 152 abstract are hereby incorporated by reference into the description in their entirety 153 as originally filed. Terminology used with one, some or all embodiments may be 154 used for describing and defining the technology and exclusive rights associated 155 herewith. 156

[0028] The readers of this document should further understand that the 157 embodiments described herein may rely on terminology and features used in any 158 suitable section or embodiment shown in this document and other terms readily 159 apparent from the drawings and language common or proper therefor. This 160 document is premised upon using one or more terms or features shown in one 161 embodiment that may also apply to or be combined with other embodiments for 162 similar structures, functions, features and aspects of the inventions and provide 163 additional embodiments of the inventions. 164

165

GENERAL OVERVIEW i66

[0029] Fig. 1 shows one preferred playing card shuffler apparatus 100 167 according to the inventions. The shuffler apparatus is adapted to shuffle a 168 plurality of playing cards, which have been omitted from Fig. 1 for clarity. The 169 apparatus is made up of several subassemblies or subsystems. As shown in Fig. 1, no the sections include an entry section wherein cards are placed into the shuffler, a πi staging section where unshuffled cards are held, a controlled drop section through 172 which cards that are positioned on-edge drop in a fashion preferably facilitated by 173 vibratory action, an intermediate or medial section through which any guiding or 174 directing of dropped cards are affected in their movement toward a collection 175 section wherein the dropped cards are collected and recompiled, and an egress 176 section from which the recompiled or shuffled cards are withdrawn for use in 177 playing the card game or games of interest. 178

[0030] Shuffler 100 includes at least one card support or supporters 110, a 179 repositioner 120, an exciter 130, a receiver 140, a controller 150, and a 180 housing 160. An overview of each of these components is provided immediately 181 below, followed by a more detailed individual description further below. 182

[0031] Still referring to Fig. 1, the supporter 110 functions to support the 183 cards that are to be shuffled. More specifically, the supporter supports the cards 184 in a position substantially above the receiver 140. The repositioner 120 functions 185 to reposition the supported cards relative to the receiver 140. The exciter 130 is 186 configured to impart vibration to the supported cards. The receiver 140 is adapted 187 to receive one or more cards dropped from the supporter. Preferably, the receiver 188

140 is advantageously configured to receive only one card at a time from the 189 supporter. The controller 150 functions to control various operational aspects of 190 the apparatus 100. The housing 160 can have one or more functions including, 191 but not limited to, that of a chassis or frame to support one or more of the other 192 components of the apparatus. 193 [0032] During a typical use of the apparatus 100, at least one deck of 194 playing cards can be placed into the housing so as to rest on the supporter 110 in 195 a preferably upstanding orientation. The repositioner 120 is activated to move the 196 supported cards to a first randomly selected position above the receiver 140. The 197 exciter 130 is activated to produce a mechanical vibration. This vibration is of a 198 frequency and amplitude sufficient to cause playing cards to dance, or otherwise 199 vibrate, on the supporter 110. For example, the vibration can give the cards an 200 appearance of floating just above the support or the vibration may be almost or 201 totally unperceivable by the naked eye. 202

[0033] One of the playing cards that is positioned substantially directly 203 above the receiver 140 will preferably drop down into the receiver during 204 operation of the apparatus 100. When a card has dropped into the receiver, the 205 receiver is blocked so that no other cards can enter the receiver. After the first 206 card has dropped into, and is held within, the receiver 140, the repositioner 120 207 shifts or moves the supported cards to a second randomly selected position above 208 the receiver. After the supported cards are repositioned, the receiver 140 is 209 controlled to release the first card. For example, the receiver can be configured 210 to help guide the card into a card collector 161. Releasing the first card from the 211 receiver 140 unblocks the receiver. More specifically, when the first card is 212 released from the receiver, the receiver is now able to receive a second card. 213 [0034] Accordingly, a second card drops into the receiver 140 from the 214 supporter 110. The second card is held in the receiver so that the receiver is now 215 blocked again, preventing any other cards from entering the receiver. After the 216 second card drops into the receiver 140, the repositioner 120 is again activated to 217 move or shift the supported cards to a third randomly selected position 218 substantially above the receiver. The second card is then released from the 219 receiver, thus allowing a third card to drop into the receiver from the support. 220

The second card is preferably placed onto the first card to begin forming a 221 recompiled or shuffled array or stack of cards 20 (See Fig. 9). The third card is 222 likewise preferably stacked on top of the second card. This operation can be 223 continued as desired to randomly reorder the deck or decks of cards. In practice, 224 the apparatus can be configured to repetitively perform steps of the operation very 225 quickly. 226

227

CARD SUPPORTS 228

[0035] As mentioned above with reference to Fig. 1, the apparatus 100 229 includes a card support 110. The card support preferably includes a card rest 111. 230

The card rest 111 is adapted to support the cards to be shuffled in an orientation 231 which is on-edge. The card support 110 can include a support surface 112. The 232 support surface 112 is preferably defined on the rest 111. Playing cards that are 233 to be shuffled can contact the support surface 112 while being supported on the 234 card support 110. More specifically, the cards to be shuffled can be supported on 235 the support surface 112. The support surface 112 is preferably substantially flat 236 and/or straight as depicted. The apparatus 100 can be configured such that the 237 support surface 112 is in a substantially horizontal orientation during normal 238 operation of the apparatus 100. 239

[0036] The card support 110 can include one or more edge guides 113. 240

Preferably, the card support includes a pair of edge guides, between which the 241 cards to be shuffled are positioned and advantageously supported such as at the 242 ends laterally. The card support is preferably configured to support the cards in 243 a substantially upstanding orientation. More specifically, the card support 110 is 244 preferably configured to support playing cards on-edge. According to the 245 preferred embodiment of the inventions, cards to be shuffled are supported in an 246 orientation substantially normal to the support surface and substantially normal to 247 the one or more edge guides 113. It is to be understood, however, that the 248 descriptions and depictions provided herein are not intended to limit the shape 249 and/or orientation of one or more components of the card support 110. For 250 example, it should be understood that the support rest surface 112 need not be 251 substantially flat, and that the support rest surface need not be substantially 252 horizontal. The face and end lateral support may also vary in shape and 253 orientation. The bottom or rest support surface 112 can have at least one of a 254 number of possible shapes, contours and/or orientations. 255

[0037] One or more components of the card support 110 can be designed 256 and/or configured to have at least one resonant frequency, or a range of resonant 257 frequencies. The resonant frequency can be selected to desirably affect imparting 258 vibratory action to the cards supported by the card supports. For example, a 259 resonant frequency can be selected to enhance vibration that is produced by the 260 exciter 130, and which is imparted to the playing cards, such as via rest 111. 261

[0038] With continued reference to Fig. 1, one or more card apertures 114 262 is or are preferably defined in the card rest 111 as depicted. The aperture 263 preferably passes through the support surface 112. The card aperture can be 264 configured substantially in the manner of a slot through which at least one playing 265 card can pass. Preferably, the card aperture 114 is configured to allow passage 266 of only one card at a time. More specifically, the width of the card aperture is 267 greater than the thickness of a single playing card, but less than twice the 268 thickness of a single playing card. Aperture 114 as shown is preferably 269 substantially straight. The aperture 114 has a width that is preferably substantially 270 constant along its length. 271

[0039] The card drop aperture or apertures in the rest 111 can be configured 272 in a manner wherein the aperture is selectively operable. Such aperture or 273 apertures may be configured to be selectively opened and closed or blocked and 274 unblocked according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. For example, 275 the rest can be made up of two portions. The two portions of the rest can be made 276 to move together to substantially close or block the card drop aperture or 277 apertures. 278

[0040] Conversely, two portions of the card support rest can be made to 279 move away from each other to form a card drop aperture or apertures. 280

Alternatively, one or more gate elements such as described below can be included. 281

Such a gate element or elements can be adapted to move relative to the rest so as 282 to selectively close or block the card drop aperture. 283

[0041] Preferably, the card rest 111 is adapted to support playing cards until 284 the cards are released through one or more apertures 114. In accordance with at 285 least one preferred embodiment of the inventions, the card rest is adapted to 286 support playing cards on-edge. For example, the card rest 111 can be adapted to 287 support playing cards in a substantially upright or upstanding orientation. It is to 288 be understood that when playing cards are supported on-edge by the card rest 111, 289 the cards need not be truly vertical. For example, in accordance with at least one 290 embodiment of the inventions, the card rest 111 is adapted to support playing 291 cards on-edge, wherein the cards are not truly vertical. For example, the card rest 292 can be adapted to support playing cards on-edge in a oblique or leaning, 293 non- vertical, or acceptably tilted orientation which can vary dependent upon the 294 specific construction of each shuffling machine. 295

[0042] The card rest 111 is preferably adapted to selectively impart a 296 vibratory action to playing cards supported on the card rest. In accordance with 297 a preferred embodiment of the inventions, the card rest 111 is adapted to 298 selectively impart a vibratory action to playing cards while the cards are supported 299 on-edge by the card rest. For example, the card rest 111 can be caused to vibrate, 300 which in turn, can impart a vibratory action to playing cards supported thereon. 301

Vibratory action can preferably be imparted to the card rest 111 by the exciter 302

130, which is described in greater detail below. 303

[0043] The preferred vibratory action imparted to playing cards by the card 304 rest 111 may cause the cards to have an appearance of dancing or floating on the 305 card rest 111 and/or support surface 112. The vibratory action is operable at a 306 range of frequencies, such as in the order of 10- 100,000 Hz, more preferably 100- 307

10,000 Hz, even more preferably 1000-10,000 Hz. The amplitude may be of 308 varying amounts depending upon the dynamics of the rest and how it is mounted. 309

[0044] The vibratory action of the card rest can have at least one of a 310 number of possible types of motions or movements. For example, the card rest 3ii

111 can be caused to vibrate with a substantially random motion. Alternatively, 312 for example, the card rest can be caused to vibrate with a substantially defined or 313 substantially repetitive motion. Vibratory motion of the card rest 111 can be of 314 different types, such as substantially two-dimensional in nature. Alternatively, 315 vibratory motion of the card rest 111 can be substantially three-dimensional. 316

317

CARD AND REST POSITIONER 3i8

[0045] Fig. 1 also indicates the positioner 120 is shown as a component of 319 the apparatus 100. The positioner functions to reposition or move in a relative 320 manner the relative position of the array or upstanding playing cards relative to 321 and supported by the card support 110. Preferably, the positioner 120 is adapted 322 to reposition or move playing cards supported on the rest 111. More preferably, 323 the positioner 120 is configured to reposition or move playing cards supported on 324 the support surface 112. The positioner is preferably adapted to reposition or 325 move supported playing cards relative to the receiver 140, which is described in 326 greater detail hereinbelow. Preferably, the positioner 120 is adapted to move or 327 reposition supported playing cards relative to the aperture or slot 114. 328

[0046] The positioner 120 can include one or more positioner guides or face 329 guides 121. The face guide 121 is adapted to contact a face of playing cards 330 supported on the support 110. More specifically, the face guide 121 is adapted 331 to contact and/or engage a top side and/or bottom side or face of playing cards 332 supported on the support 110. According to the exemplary embodiment of the 333 invention, the face guide 121 is substantially parallel to playing cards supported 334 on the support 110. Preferably, the face guide 121 is substantially perpendicular 335 or normal to the edge guide 113. The face guide 121 is preferably substantially 336 perpendicular to the support surface 112. The face guide 121 can be substantially 337 in the form of a flat plate in one form of the inventions. 338

[0047] The face guide defines a contact surface or face 122. The face 122 339 is preferably substantially flat. The face 122 is adapted to contact a flat side of 340 playing cards supported on the support 110. More specifically, the face 122 is 341 adapted to contact and/or engage a top side and/or bottom side or face of playing 342 cards supported on the support 110. According to the exemplary embodiment of 343 the invention, the face 122 is substantially parallel to playing cards supported on 344 the support 110. The face 122 is substantially perpendicular or normal to the edge 345 guide 113 as depicted. As shown, the face guide 122 is substantially 346 perpendicular to the support surface. 347

[0048] The positioner 120 can include a pair of face guides 121. The pair 348 of face guides 121 is preferably maintained in juxtaposed orientation relative to 349 each other. More preferably, the pair of guides 121 is preferably maintained in 350 a substantially parallel juxtaposed orientation, as shown. The pair of face guides 351

121 are preferably maintained in a spaced apart relationship. More specifically, 352 each of the pair of guides 121 is preferably located on opposing sides of playing 353 cards supported on the rest 111. For example, supported playing cards are 354 preferably located between the pair of repositioning guides 121. 355

[0049] The spacing between the pair of guides is preferably variable. Such 356 variable spacing between the guides can facilitate keeping supported cards in an 357 upstanding orientation as the number of supported cards changes. For example, 358 as the apparatus 100 shuffles playing cards, the number of playing cards supported 359 on the rest 111 will decrease. Thus, as the number of supported playing cards 360 decreases, the repositioning guides may in controlled response, move closer to 361 each other to compensate for the decrease in the number of supported cards. 362

[0050] The positioner 120 can include at least one actuator 123. The 363 actuator is preferably adapted to actuate or move at least one positioner guide 121. 364

According to a preferred embodiment of the inventions, the actuator 123 is 365 connected or linked to at least one face guide 121. For example, the positioner 366 actuator 123 can be a linear actuator as depicted. Preferably, the positioner 120 367 includes a pair of actuators 123 as shown. More preferably, the positioner 368 includes a pair of face guides 121 and a pair of actuators 123, wherein each 369 actuator is exclusively associated with one of the face guides, as depicted. More 370 specifically, each of the face guides is individually movable or repositionable 371 according to the preferred embodiment of the inventions. Most preferably, each 372 of the face guides 121 is individually movable or repositionable by way of an 373 associated actuator 123. 374

[0051] According to the preferred embodiment of the inventions, the 375 positioner guides 121 are adapted to reposition supported playing cards by pushing 376 and/or sliding the cards along the rest 111 and/or the support surface 112. Such 377 repositioning of supported cards is preferably performed while vibratory action is 378 imparted to the cards by the exciter 130, which is described in greater detail 379 below. The positioner guides 121 are adapted to reposition or move supported 380 playing cards as well as being adapted to move relative to each other. By moving 381 relative to each other, the guides 121 are able to vary the spacing between them 382 to account for varying numbers of supported cards. 383

384

EXCITER 385

[0052] With continued reference to Fig. 1, the apparatus 100 includes at 386 least one exciter 130. The exciter is adapted to impart vibratory action in playing 387 cards supported by the card support 110. Preferably, the exciter is adapted to 388 impart vibratory action to playing cards supported by the card rest 111. More 389 preferably, the exciter is configured to impart vibratory action to playing cards 390 supported on the support surface 112. In accordance with at least one embodiment 391 of the inventions, the exciter 130 is adapted to impart vibratory action to the card 392 rest 111. For example, imparting vibratory action to the card rest 111 can be 393 accomplished in a manner wherein vibratory action is, in turn, imparted from the 394 card rest 111 to playing cards supported thereon. Thus, according to at least one 395 embodiment of the inventions, the exciter 130 is adapted to impart vibratory action 396 to playing cards by imparting vibratory action to the card rest 111, which in turn 397 imparts vibratory action to cards supported thereon. 398

[0053] The exciter 130 is preferably adapted to create a mechanical 399 vibration. The vibration created by the exciter can be at least one of a number of 400 possible types of vibration. For example, the vibration created by the exciter 130 401 can be substantially two-dimensional in nature. Alternatively, the vibration 402 created by the exciter 130 can be substantially three-dimensional in nature. As a 403 further example, the vibration created by the exciter 130 can consist of 404 substantially random vibratory motion. Alternatively, vibratory motion of the 405 exciter can be substantially regular and/or repetitive in nature. The vibratory 406 action created by the exciter can be of a relatively high-frequency. The vibratory 407 action created by the exciter may be of a relatively low-amplitude. Preferably, the 408 vibratory action created by the exciter 130 is of substantially high frequency and 409 low amplitude. More preferably, the vibratory action created by the exciter is of 410 a frequency and/or amplitude that causes supported cards to behave in a manner 411 that is advantageous to the operation of the apparatus 100 as described herein. 412 [0054] The exciter 130 is preferably connected to the card support 110. For 413 example, the exciter can be connected and/or linked with the card rest 111, as 414 shown. The exciter is preferably connected with at least a portion of the card 415 support 110 so as to impart vibratory action from the exciter to playing cards 416 supported on the support 110. According to the exemplary embodiment of the 417 inventions, the exciter 130 is connected to and/or mounted directly on the card 418 support 110. For example, the exciter can be connected to and/or mounted 419 directly on the card rest 111 , as shown. According to an alternative embodiment 420 of the inventions, the exciter 130 is substantially integrated with the card 421 support 110. 422

[0055] The exciter 130 can be configured to operate according to at least 423 one of various possible manners of creating vibratory action, both known and yet 424 to be discovered. Such manners of creating vibratory action can include, for 425 example, mechanical means, electrical means, and electro-mechanical means, 426 among others. For example, one way of creating vibratory action is by employing 427 a rotary actuator (not shown) such as a rotary motor to rotate a weight that is 428 eccentrically positioned relative to its axis of rotation. Another example of 429 creating vibratory action is to subject a movable ferric object (not shown) to an 430 electro-magnetic field of dynamically alternating polarity to cause the ferric object 431 to oscillate or vibrate. In accordance with at least one embodiment of the 432 inventions, the frequency and/or the amplitude of the vibratory action created by 433 the exciter 130 is selectively adjustable. 434

435

CARD RECEIVER 436

[0056] Still referring to Fig. 1, the card receiver 140 is included in the 437 apparatus 100. The card receiver is adapted to receive at least one playing card 438 from the card support 110. Preferably, the card receiver 140 is adapted to receive 439 only one playing card at a time. For example, the card receiver 140 can be sized 440 and/or otherwise configured so that no more than one playing card at a time can 441 be received into the card receiver. The receiver 140 includes a slot or space 149 442 into which one or more playing cards are received from the card support 110. The 443 card space 149 of the receiver can have one of a number of possible specific 444 configurations. The receiver 140 is adapted to receive and hold one or more 445 playing cards in the card space 149. In some embodiments, the receiver 149 is 446 adapted to selectively retain one or more received playing cards within the card 447 space 149. 448

[0057] The receiver 140 can include a card stop 143. The card stop 143 449 preferably defines at least a portion of the card space 149 and is within the 450 intermediate or medial section. The handling of the dropped card or cards in the 451 medial section can have a number of different configurations. For example, the 452 card stop 143 can define a lower end of the card drop space 149. Placement or 453 location of the card stop 143 relative to the support surface 112 can be of 454 significance to the operation of the apparatus 100. Specifically, the card stop is 455 preferably located to be a certain distance from the support surface 112, wherein 456 the distance is substantially equal to either a length or a width of playing cards 457 being shuffled. More preferably, when a playing card has been received into the 458 receiver 140 from the support 110, an upper edge of the received playing card is 459 substantially even, or flush, with the support surface 112. The significance of this 460 aspect of the inventions becomes clearer in view of later description with respect 461 to the operation of the apparatus 100. 462

[0058] The receiver 140 can include one or more guides. For example, the 463 receiver can include a first guide portion 141 and a second guide portion 142. 464

The receiver guides or guide portions 141, 142 can define at least part of the card 465 space or card slot 149 into which a playing card is received from the support 466

Preferably, the card space 149 is substantially straight as depicted. The card space 467

149 is preferably substantially vertical in orientation, as is also depicted. The card 468 space is preferably substantially directly below the card aperture 114. According 469 to the exemplary embodiment of the invention depicted in Fig. 1, a playing card 470 is dropped from the support surface 112 through the aperture 114, and is received 471 into the card space 149 between the first guide portion 141 and the second guide 472 portion 142. The received playing card is preferably supported substantially upon 473 the stop 143 such that a bottom edge of the received card rests upon the stop and 474 an opposite upper edge of the received card is substantially flush or even with the 475 support surface 112. 476

[0059] As shown, receiver 140 preferably includes at least one receiver 477 actuator 145. The receiver actuator can be a linear actuator such as a linear 478 solenoid, for example. The receiver actuator 145 is preferably selectively 479 controlled. The receiver actuator 145 can be adapted for selective control by the 480 controller 150, as is described in greater detail hereinbelow. The receiver 140 can 481 include a link or linkage 144. The link can be connected to the receiver actuator 482

145, as depicted. More specifically, link 144 can be operably connected to the 483 actuator 145 for selective movement of the link. The link can be connected to at 484 least one portion of the receiver guides such as the second guide portion 142, as 485 shown. 486

[0060] The link can include a bottom guide 148. The bottom guide is 487 adapted to contact and/or engage a received playing card that is retained in the 488 card space 149. The actuator 145 along with the link 144 and bottom guide 148 489 can make up and/or form portions of a release mechanism. The second guide 490 portion 142 can be included in such a release mechanism. Specifically, the 491 actuator 145 together with the link 144, bottom guide 148 and second guide 492 portion can be configured to facilitate release of a playing card retained in the card 493 space 149. For example, according to the exemplary embodiment of the 494 inventions, the actuator 145 can be activated to move the link 144 toward the first 495 guide portion 141. 496

[0061] Movement of the link 144 toward the first guide portion 141 can 497 cause the second guide portion 142 to move away from the first guide portion 141, 498 while at the same time causing the bottom guide 148 to push a lower end of the 499 retained card away from the first guide portion and past the stop 143. This 500 operation is described hereinbelow in greater detail. Such an operation of the soi actuator 145 and link 144 in this manner can cause release of a retained playing 502 card from the card space 149. A playing card released from the retained position 503 in the card receiver 140 can cause the card to fall into a collector 161. Following 504 release of a retained playing card, the actuator 145 can be activated to return to 505 the original position shown in Fig. 1. With the second guide portion 142 and 506 bottom guide 148 in their original respective positions, the receiver, 140 is ready 507 to receive another playing card from the support 110. 508

[0062] The receiver 140 can include at least one card sensor 146. The card 509 sensor 146 can be adapted to detect presence of a playing card which has dropped 510 into the medial zone. More specifically, in accordance with the exemplary 511 apparatus depicted in Fig. 1, the sensor 146 can be adapted to detect that a playing 512 card is present and/or is retained within the card space 149. Such detection of a 513 playing card retained within the card space can facilitate operation of the 514 apparatus 100. For example, a playing card can be allowed to drop from the 515 support 110 into the card space 149 of the receiver 140. 516

[0063] The sensor 146 is adapted to detect that a playing card is fully 517 received into the medial card space. The sensor 146 can send a signal to the 518 controller 150 in response to detecting that a playing card has been fully dropped 519 onto the stop and received into the card space 149. When the controller receives 520 this signal from the sensor, the controller can, in response, activate the guide or 521 director 120 to reposition playing cards supported by the support 110. 522

[0064] Although not preferred it is also possible that the sensor 146 can be 523 employed to detect the absence of any playing card or cards from the stopped 524 medial position in card space 149. This can be accomplished by configuring the 525 controller 150 to recognize that all cards have been shuffled when the sensor 146 526 or other sensor so indicate presence or absence of playing card in the card space 527 or at other locations not believed preferred at this time. 528

[0065] It is noted that the receiver 140 is depicted as being separate and 529 distinct from the support 110 and/or other components of the apparatus 100. 530

However, it is to be understood that one or more portions of the receiver can be 531 at least substantially integral with one or more portions of the support 110. For 532 example, in accordance with at least one alternative embodiment of the inventions, 533 the first guide portion 141 is integral and/or connected with the rest 111. 534

Similarly, the aperture 114 can be at least partially integrated with the receiver 140 535 according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. 536

537

CONTROLLER 538

[0066] With reference now to Figs. 1 and 2, the apparatus 100 can include 539 a controller 150. The controller can be at least a portion of a control system 200, 540 which can include at least one additional component, such as but not limited to, 541 the positioner actuator 123, the exciter 130, the receiver actuator 145, the 542 sensor 146, and the user interface 151. The controller 150 and/or the control 543 system 200 is adapted to perform one or more various control functions in 544 facilitation of operation of the apparatus 100. Examples of various control 545 functions that can be performed by the controller 150 and/or the control system 546

200 are provided further below with respect to description of operation of the 547 apparatus 100. 548

[0067] The controller 150 can be supported on or mounted to the housing 549

160. The controller can be mounted within the housing or on the exterior of the 550 housing. The controller 150 can include a user interface 151. The user interface 551 is preferably configured to facilitate input of operational commands by a user of 552 the apparatus 100. For example, the user interface 151 can include and/or can be 553 substantially in the form of a switch. Such a switch can be an on/off switch, a 554 stop/start switch, or a power switch for example. The user interface 151 can be 555 adapted for other input commands. For example, the user interface can be adapted 556 to input and/or select optional dimensions or other characteristics of playing cards 557 to be shuffled. Specifically, for example, the user interface 151 can be 558 substantially in the form of a control panel having multiple command input 559 parameters available to a user of the apparatus 100. 560

[0068] In a further alternative version, the need for controls may be 561 eliminated or simplified to a great degree. The shuffler machine may be 562 constructed so as to sense when a card array in input and then merely 563 automatically perform the shuffling process as a result of a sensor that detects 564 cards placed within the input supports. 565

[0069] The controller 150 can include an enclosure 152. The user interface 566

151 can be mounted on, or supported by, the enclosure 152. A processor 153 is 567 preferably included as part of the controller 150. The processor can be a digital 568 processor such as a microprocessor or the like. The processor 153 is preferably 569 contained within the enclosure 152. The controller 150 preferably includes a 570 computer readable memory 154. The computer readable memory is preferably 571 housed within the enclosure 152. The processor 153 and the computer readable 572 memory 154 are preferably linked for signal transmission. More specifically, the 573 processor is preferably able to read data and/or computer executable instructions 574

155 from the computer readable memory 154. According to at least one 575 embodiment of the inventions, the processor 153 is able to write or store data in 576 the computer readable memory 154. The controller 150 can include a random 577 number generator 156. The random number generator can be adapted to facilitate 578 generation of random positions of the supported playing cards, as is described in 579 greater detail hereinbelow. The random number generator 156 can be integral 580 with the processor 153 and/or the computer executable instructions 155. 581

[0070] The controller 150 can be linked for signal transmission to one or 582 more components of the apparatus 100. More specifically, the control system 200 583 and/or the apparatus 100 can include at least one communication link 159 adapted 584 to facilitate signal transmission between the controller 150 and other components 585 of the apparatus and/or control system. For example, the controller can be linked 586 for signal transmission with one or more of the positioner actuators 123, the 587 exciter 130, the receiver actuator 145 and the sensor 146. The controller 15.0 can 588 be linked for signal transmission with an optional aperture actuator 119 that is 589 shown in Fig. 2. According to an alternative embodiment of the inventions, the 590 apparatus 100 and/or the control system 200 can include the aperture actuator 119 591 to selectively open and close (or block and unblock) at least one card aperture 114 592 (shown in Fig. 1). The controller 150 can include various electrical and/or 593 electronic components that are not shown, such as but not limited to, relays, 594 timers, counters, indicators, switches, sensors and electrical power sources. 595

[0071 J The controller 150 is preferably adapted to facilitate operation and/or 596 function of one or more components to which it is linked for signal transmission. 597

For example, the controller 150 can be adapted to send on and off signals to the 598 exciter 130. The controller 150 can be adapted to send control signals to at least 599 one actuator, including, but not limited to one or more positioner actuators 123, 600 receiver actuators 145, and aperture actuators 119 (shown in Fig. 2). For example, 601 the controller 150 is preferably adapted to control positioning and/or activation of 602 one or more actuators. The controller is preferably configured to receive and/or ( 603 process input commands and/or data from the user interface 151. Preferably, the 604 controller 150 is adapted to receive and/or process signals generated by the sensor 605

146. The controller 150 is preferably adapted to generate and/or determine 606 random positions of the supported cards, and to command the positioner 120 to 607 move the supported cards to the randomly generated positions. 608

609

HOUSING βio

[00721 With reference to Fig. 1, the apparatus 100 includes at least one 6ii housing 160. The housing can function as a chassis or. frame for one or more 612 additional components of the apparatus 100. More specifically, one or more 613 components of the apparatus 100 can be mounted on, or supported by, the housing 614

160. For example, the housing is preferably adapted to support one or more of the 615 card support 110, the positioner 120, the exciter 130, the receiver 140, and the 616 controller 150. The housing 160 can be adapted to function as an enclosure for 617 one or more components of the apparatus 100, wherein the housing is adapted to 618 substantially protect the enclosed components from damage and/or contamination. 619

More specifically, one or more components of the apparatus can be enclosed 620 within the housing 160 to decrease likelihood of damage and/or contamination. 621

For example, the housing is preferably adapted to enclose one or more of the card 622 support 110, the positioner 120, the exciter 130, the receiver 140, and the 623 controller 150. 624

[0073] The housing 160 can include one or more features to facilitate 625 operation and/or use of the apparatus 100. For example, the housing can include 626 a card collector 161. The card collector 161 is preferably adapted to catch and/or 627 collect playing cards released from the receiver 140. The card collector can be 628 configured to form a stack of collected playing cards. For example, the card 629 collector 161 can be sloped or tilted to facilitate collection of playing cards into 630 a substantially orderly stack. According to at least one embodiment of the 631 inventions, the card collector 161 is adapted to vibrate. Such vibration of the card 632 collector can facilitate collection of playing cards and/or formation of an orderly 633 stack of collected and shuffled playing cards. For example, the exciter 130 can 634 be configured to impart vibratory action to the card collector 161. 635

[0074] The housing 160 can have at least one opening 162. The opening 636 can serve one or more of a number of possible uses or purposes. For example, the 637 opening 162 can be adapted to provide for placing a deck of cards into the card 638 support 110. The housing 160 preferably has at least one other opening (not 639 shown) proximate the card collector 161 to facilitate retrieval of the shuffled cards 640 from the card collector. Still other openings (not shown) in the housing 160 can 641 be provided for one or more of a number of purposes. For example, at least one 642 opening (not shown) can be provided in the housing to facilitate access to one or 643 more components for repair and/or maintenance. 644

[0075] The housing 160 has a lower end 168 and an opposite upper end 169. 645

The lower end 168 preferably includes and/or forms a base for contacting or 646 engaging a support surface such as a tabletop, counter top or shelf (not shown). 647

Preferably, at least one opening 162 is positioned near the upper end 169 as shown 648 to facilitate placement of playing cards into the card support 110. The card 649 support 110 is preferably proximate the upper end 169. The card collector 161 is 650 preferably proximate the lower end 168. The receiver 140 is preferably situated 651 substantially between the card support 110 and the card collector 161 , as depicted. 652 According to at least one preferred embodiment of the inventions, the housing 160 653 is configured so that the support surface 112 is substantially horizontal under 654 normal operating conditions, as shown. 655

656

ALTERNATIVE SUPPORT BIASING OF UNSHUFFLED CARD ARRAY 657

[0076] Figs. 11 and 12 show an alternative mechanism for biasing the array 658 of upstanding cards. The card support or support 110 is fitted with one or more 659 gravity biasing mechanisms 301. As shown, mechanism 301 has a pivot 302. A 660 counterbalancing weight 303 is forced downward by gravity to swing the contact 661 arm 306 against the upstanding unshuffled card array 320. 662

[0077] The contact arm 306 is advantageously formed in a convex shape as 663 seen from the array of cards 320. This minimizes any potential wear or marking 664 of the cards. It also applies a relatively light force automatically without precise 665 control of a stepper motor. However, precise control may not be necessary since 666 friction between the cards is minimal and sufficiently low to allow individual 667 cards to drop through the card drop aperture without sufficient impedance such 668 that dropping due to gravity occurs. The vibratory action of the unshuffled card 669 array further reduces any impedance against dropping since the coefficient of 670 friction is typically lower in a dynamic or moving relationship versus the static 671 coefficient of friction. Thus, one advantage of the preferred shufflers is that the 672 vibratory action has the cards effectively floating due to the vibratory excitation 673 of the unshuffled card array. 674

[0078] Figs. 13 and 14 show a further alternative means for biasing the 675 unshuffled card array. The means shown in these figures includes a ball 401. 676 Ball 401 is positioned on a lateral guide 402 which is sloped toward the 677 unshufϊled card input support chamber 403. As illustrated in Fig. 14, ball 401 is 678 biased or forced by gravity to apply a lateral component of force to the unshuffled 679 card array 420. A relatively small amount of force is currently preferred, such as 680 a small ball of light weight. One possible form is a ping-pong ball or other small 681 ball or other shape which can urge the unshuffled card array using gravity, a 682 spring (not shown) or other suitable biasing means which apply a relatively small 683 amount of force to keep the unshuffled card array in a sufficiently upstanding 684 orientation to facilitate dropping through the card drop apertures and into the 685 medial zone of the shuffling machine. 686

687

ALTERNATIVE EMBODIMENT - GATED UNSHUFFLED ARRAY GATED SUPPORT 688

[0079] Figs. 15 and 16 show pertinent features of a further alternative 689 embodiment of shuffling machine 500 according to the inventions hereof. Fig. 15 690 shows the unshuffled array 530 in phantom. The array is supported alternatively 691 by the rest 512 and movable gates 567 on opposing sides (ends of cards as 692 shown). 693

[0080] The shuffler 500 has lateral supports 113 that may be provided with 694 flanges 572 which can be constructed to slide within support channels 573. This 695 construction allows the lateral supports to move with the unshuffled deck 530. 696 The relative motion may in fact involve motion of the supports and cards, the 697 cards relative to the supports or both the supports and cards to move relative to 698 a fixed reference point and relative to the card drop slot or slots 514. 699

[0081] Rest 512 is as shown provided with two card drop slots 514 formed 700 in the rest or rests 512. A pair of gate pieces 567 are mounted to slide inwardly 701 and outwardly upon the support deck 512 using actuators (not shown but similar 702 to 123 or suitable alternatives thereof). When the gate pieces are controlled to 703 slide inwardly the rounded corners of the playing cards on the bottom are engaged 704 and supported on the gate pieces thus preventing them from dropping through 705 slots 514. Thus the unshuffled array may be lifted slightly and relative motion 706 between the card array and drop slots is performed and then the gates are opened 707 by moving them outwardly and cards may then drop through the slots 514. 708

[0082] This construction may be controlled or configured so that the gating 709 action occurs independently for each drop slot relative to the other drop slot. 710

Furthermore, they can be simultaneously dropped and the guiding parts contained 711 in the medial section may appropriately accommodate the recompiling of the 712 cards. 713

714 OPERATION 715

[0083] With reference now to Fig. 3, a flow diagram depicts a sequence of 716 operational steps 300 that can be carried out by one or more components of the 717 apparatus 100 according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. With 718 reference to Figs. 1-3, the sequence 300 moves from a starting point 301 to step 719

303, wherein a plurality of playing cards is placed onto the card support 110. The 720 step of placing the cards into the apparatus according to step 303 can be 721 accomplished by a user of the apparatus. The starting point 301 can include 722 turning the apparatus on, or initializing the apparatus. This can be accomplished 723 by the user. For example, the user can turn the apparatus on or initialize the 724 apparatus by manipulating the user interface 151. 725

[0084] The next step 305 is to command the positioner 120 to grip the 726 supported cards. In accordance with an alternative embodiment of the inventions, 727 an optional aperture actuator 119 (shown in Fig. 2) is commanded to close or 728 block the card aperture 114 (shown in Fig. 1). This step of generating and 729 transmitting command signals can be carried out by the controller 150. From step 730

305, the sequence moves to a step 307 that includes generating a start position of 731 the supported cards relative to the card aperture 114, and commanding the 732 positioner 120 to move the supported cards to the start position. The start position 733 is preferably randomly determined. This step of generating the start position and 734 commanding the positioner 120 to move the supported cards can be accomplished 735 by the controller 150. 736

[0085] The sequence 300 moves next to a step 309 of activating the exciter 737

130. More specifically, the exciter is turned on or operated so as to impart 738 vibrational action to the supported cards. The step of activating the exciter can 739 be carried out by the controller 150. The step 309 of activating the exciter can 740 have other alternative positions in the sequence 300. For example, the step of 741 activating the exciter can be the first step of the sequence. Once the exciter is 742 turned on, the sequence moves to a step 311 of commanding the positioner 120 743 to release the supported cards. In accordance with an alternative embodiment of 744 the inventions, the optional aperture actuator 119 (shown in Fig. 2) is commanded 745 to open/unblock the card aperture 114 (shown in Fig 1). This step 311 can be 746 performed by the controller 150. From step 311, the sequence 300 moves to step 747

313 during which a counter is initialized to unity. More specifically, for example, 748 a variable "n" is set to a value of "1" according to this step, which can be 749 accomplished by the controller 150. 750

[0086] From the step 313, the operational sequence 300 moves to a query 751

315. The query 315 asks whether the nth card is detected in the receiver 140. 752

More specifically, the query 315 asks whether the nth card has dropped into a 753 fully received position within the card receiver 140. This query 315 can be 754 performed by the controller 150 in conjunction with the sensor 146. For example, 755 the sensor looks for a card to drop into a fully received position within the card 756 space 149. When the sensor 146 detects the presence of the card, the sensor 757 transmits a signal to the controller 150 by way of the respective communication 758 link 159. The controller receives the signal from the sensor as indication that the 759 nth card has been fully received into the receiver 140. 760

[0087] If the answer to the query 315 is "yes," then the sequence 300 761 proceeds to a step 317, wherein the nth position is randomly generated and the 762 positioner 120 is commanded to move the supported cards to the nth random 763 position. This step 317 can be performed by the controller 150, for example. 764

From this step, the sequence 300 moves to a step 319, in accordance with which 765 the receiver 140 is commanded to release the nth card. For example, the nth card 766 is released from a retained position in the card space 149, and is allowed to drop 767 into the card collector 161. This step of commanding the receiver to release the 768 nth card can be performed by the controller 150, for example. From the step 319, 769 the sequence proceeds to a step 321, wherein the counter is incrementally 770 increased to the next value. Specifically, the value of the variable, "n" is 771 increased by a value of one. 772

[0088] From the step 321, the sequence returns to the query 315 described 773 above. As is described above, if the answer to the query 315 is "yes," then the 774 steps 317, 318, 319 and 321 are repeated. For example, the steps 317-321 of 775 generating the nth random position for the supported cards, moving the supported 776 cards to the nth random position, releasing the nth card from the card receiver, and 777 incrementing the counter, continue as long as the sensor 146 continues to detect 778 the nth card being fully received into a retained position within the card space 779

149. However, if the answer to the query 315 is "no," then the sequence 300 780 proceeds to end point 323. For example, if the controller 150 does not receive a 781 signal from the sensor 146 for a predetermined period of time (i.e., the sensor fails 782 to detect the presence of a card being fully received into a retained position within 783 the card space 149), then the controller will assume that there are no additional 784 cards to process, and the controller will end the operational sequence. 785

{0089] Referring now to Figs. 4-9, a series of elevational views of the 786 apparatus 100 illustrates an operational sequence according to at least one 787 embodiment of the inventions. With reference to Fig. 4, the apparatus 100 is 788 shown in a card loading mode or status. With the apparatus in the loading mode, 789 the positioner guides 121 are positioned to receive a deck of cards 10 through the 790 loading opening 162. As shown, the plurality of cards 10 to be shuffled has been 791 inserted through the loading opening 162 and has been set on the support 110. 792

More specifically, the plurality of cards 10 to be shuffled has been placed on the 793 support surface 112. According to the exemplary embodiment of the inventions, 794 when the apparatus is in the loading mode, the cards 10 to be shuffled are not 795 above the card aperture 114. More specifically, when in the loading mode the 796 positioner guides 121 are offset relative to the card aperture 114, as shown, so that 797 the card aperture is not below the supported cards 10. 798

[0090] Still referring to Fig. 4, the receiver actuator 145 is in a deactivated 799 status. More specifically, the receiver actuator is in a position, wherein the link 800

144 is in a withdrawn position. With the link in a withdrawn position, the bottom 801 guide 148 is also withdrawn as shown. The second guide portion 142 is in a card 802 retention position, wherein the first guide portion 141 and the second guide 803 portion together are configured to receive a card into the card space 149. Cards 804 to be shuffled can be loaded by insertion of the cards through the loading opening 805

162 and placement of the cards onto the support surface 112. A user of the 806 apparatus 100 can start the operational sequence of the apparatus after the cards 807 are loaded into the apparatus 110. Commencement of the operational sequence 808 can be affected by manipulation of the user interface 151, for example. 809

[0091] In response to commencement of the operational sequence, the 8io positioner guides 121 are activated to grip the supported cards 10. Gripping of 8ii the supported cards 10 by the guides 121 can be accomplished, for example, by 812 causing the positioner actuators 123 to cause the guides 121 to move and/or exert 813 a force toward each other, thereby squeezing or trapping the cards therebetween. 814 The exciter 130 is activated in response to commencement of the operational 815 sequence. Activation of the exciter preferably causes the exciter to impart 816 vibratory action to the supported cards 10. For example, as described above, the 817 exciter 130 can be adapted to impart vibratory action to one or more components 818 of the apparatus 100, such as the rest 110. In response to commencement of the 819 operational sequence, the controller 150 can define a starting position of the cards 820

10 relative to the card aperture 114. This starting position of the cards is 821 preferably randomly selected or generated. The controller can then command the 822 positioner actuators 123 to cause the positioner guides 121 to move the cards 10 823 to the starting position, while also maintaining a grip on the cards. 824

[0092] With reference now to Fig. 5, it is seen that the cards 10 have been 825 moved to the starting position. The starting position places the cards 10 above the 826 card aperture 114. More specifically, when the cards are in the starting position, 827 the cards are situated substantially above the card space 149. After the cards have 828 been moved to the start position, the positioner preferably transmits a signal to the 829 controller to indicate that the movement is complete. The controller 150 then 830 preferably commands the positioner 120 to release its grip on the cards. This can 831 be accomplished, for example, by commanding one or more of the positioner 832 actuators 123 to move the positioner guides 121 away from each other so that 833 substantially little force is exerted on the cards by the guides. 834 [00931 When the cards 10 are released by the positioner, the cards will come 835 to rest substantially on the support surface 112. Preferably, vibrational action of 836 the support surface will be imparted to the cards 10 supported thereon. 837

Vibrational action is preferably imparted to the support surface by the exciter 130. 838

Impartation of vibrational action to the supported cards 10 will preferably result 839 in a first card 11 dropping from the support surface 112 through the aperture 114 840 into a retained position within the card space 149, as shown. After dropping 841 through the card aperture 114 and into the card space 149, a lower edge of the 842 first card 11 comes to rest substantially on the stop 143. When the first card 11 843 is resting substantially upon the stop 143, the first card has been substantially 844 completely dropped and received into the medial receiver area. 845

{0094J With a lower edge of the first card 11 resting substantially on the 846 stop 143, an opposite upper edge of the first card 11 is substantially flush or even 847 with the support surface 112, as shown. With an upper edge of the first card 848 being substantially even or flush with the support surface 112, the receiver 140 849 and/or the card aperture 114 is substantially blocked or closed so that no other 850 cards can enter the receiver. The sensor 146 preferably detects that the first card 851

11 has dropped into a fully received position within the card space 149. In 852 response to detecting presence of the first card 11, the sensor transmits a signal 853 to the controller 150. The controller 150 receives the signal from the sensor and 854 interprets the signal to indicate that the first card 11 has been fully received into 855 the medial card space 149. In response to recognizing that the first card 11 has 856 been received into the card space 149, the controller 150 randomly selects or 857 generates a new position of the supported cards 10 relative to the card aperture 858

114. The controller can then command the positioner 120 to move the supported 859 cards 10 to the new randomly selected position. 860

[0095] Turning now to Fig. 6, it is seen that the supported cards 10 have 861 been moved to the new randomly selected position relative to the card aperture 862

114. The positioner 120 preferably transmits a signal to the controller 150 to 863 indicate that movement of the cards 10 to the new randomly selected position is 864 complete. The controller 150 then commands the receiver actuator 145 to activate. 865

Activation of the receiver actuator 145 causes the first card 11 to be released and 866 directed or guided from the card space 149 as shown. The first card 11 preferably 867 drops from the receiver into the collector 161. 868

[0096] In some preferred versions of the invention, the dropping of first card 869

11 from the support rest into the receiver 140 causes the card aperture 114 to be 870 opened or unblocked. With the card aperture 114 unblocked, and as a result of 871 vibrational action of the supported cards 10, a second card 12 begins dropping 872 through the card aperture and into the card space 149 as shown. Sensor 146 can 873 advantageously detect the first card positioned in the card space 149, and transmit 874 a signal to the controller 150 indicating that the first card is in the stopped 875 position waiting to be directed or released or otherwise guided from the medial 876 card space and into the collector. . 877

[0097] Turning now to Fig. 7, it is seen that the second card 12 has been 878 fully received into the receiver 140. More specifically, it is seen from a study of 879

Fig. 4 that the second card has dropped through the card aperture 114, and a lower 880 edge of the second card has come to rest substantially on the stop 143. With a 881 lower edge of the second card 12 resting substantially on the stop 143, an opposite 882 upper edge of the second card 12 is substantially flush or even with the support 883 surface 112. With an upper edge of the second card 12 being substantially flush 884 or even with the support surface 112, it is seen that the card aperture 114 is 885 substantially blocked or closed by the second card. More specifically, with the 886 second card 12 being in a fully retained position within the card receiver 140, the 887 receiver is blocked so that no additional cards can drop and enter into the medial 888 card space. 889

[0098] Further study of Fig. 7 shows that the first card 11 has come to rest 890 within the card collector 161 after having been released from the receiver 140. 891

The sensor 146 preferably detects that the second card 12 has dropped into a fully 892 received position within the card space 149. In response to detecting presence of 893 the second card 12, the sensor transmits a signal to the controller 150. The 894 controller 150 receives the signal from the sensor and interprets the signal to 895 indicate that the second card 12 has been fully received into the card space 149. 896

In response to recognizing that the second card 12 has been received into the card 897 space 149, the controller 150 randomly selects or generates a new position of the 898 supported cards 10 relative to the card aperture 114. The controller can then 899 command the positioner 120 to move the supported cards 10 to the new randomly 900 selected position. 901

[0099] With reference now to Fig. 8, it is seen that the supported cards 10 902 have been moved to the new randomly selected position relative to the card 903 aperture 114. The positioner 120 preferably transmits a signal to the controller 904

150 to indicate that movement of the cards 10 to the new randomly selected 905 position is complete. The controller 150 then commands the receiver actuator 145 906 to activate. Activation of the receiver actuator 145 causes the second card 12 to 907 be released from the drop card holding space as shown. The second card 12 908 preferably drops from the receiver into the collector 161. Release of the second 909 card 12 from the receiver 140 causes the card aperture 114 to be opened or 910 unblocked. With the card aperture 114 unblocked, and as a result of vibrational 9ii action of the supported cards 10, a third card 13 begins dropping through the card 912 aperture and into the card space 149 as shown. The operational sequence 913 described hereinabove can be continued as desired to shuffle a desired number of 914 playing cards. 915

[0100] Turning now to Fig. 9, it is seen that the above-described operational 916 sequence has continued to produce a stack of shuffled cards 20, which are held 917 in the collector 161. The operational sequence continues with a retained card 19 918 shown in a fully received position in the card space 149, and a plurality of 919 supported cards 10 remaining to be shuffled. It is seen that the quantity of 920 supported cards 10 has been depleted as the result of continuation of the 921 operational sequence of the apparatus 100. It can also be seen that the positioner 922 guides 121 have been repositioned relative to each other. Specifically, the 923 positioner guides 121 have moved closer to each other in response to depletion of 924 the quantity of supported cards 10. In this manner, the positioner 120 facilitates 925 maintaining the supported cards in a substantially upstanding orientation. 926

Continued processing of the supported cards according to the operational sequence 927 results in deposition of all cards in the card collector 161. More specifically, upon 928 completion of processing of all cards according to the operational sequence, the 929 shuffled cards can be retrieved from the card collector 161. 930

931 ALTERNATIVE ASPECTS AND CONFIGURATIONS 932

[0101] Turning now to Fig. 10, an elevational view shows an apparatus 300 933 according to an alternative embodiment of the inventions. The apparatus 300 934 preferably functions in a manner substantially similar to that of the apparatus 100. 935

However, the apparatus 300 includes alternative aspects and or configurations of 936 various components. For example, from a study of Fig. 10, it is seen that the user 937 interface 151 can be mounted in a location relative to the housing 160, which is 938 different from that of the apparatus 100 (shown in Fig. 1). The positioner guides 939

121 of the apparatus 300 can have a shape that is different from those of the 940 apparatus 100. For example, the guides 121 of the apparatus 300 can be 941 configured to overlap the loading opening 162, as is shown in Fig. 10. As a 942 further example, the controller 150 can be located substantially within the housing 943

160, as shown in Fig. 10. 944

[0102] With continued reference to Fig. 10, the positioner 120 can include 945 a rotary actuator 324, a lead screw 325 and a follower 326. The rotary actuator 946

324 can be, for example, a rotary electric motor such as a stepper motor or the 947 like. The rotary actuator 324 is preferably fixedly supported by the housing 160. 948

The motor 324 is configured to selectively drive or rotate the lead screw 325. 949

Activation of the motor 324 is preferably controlled by the controller 150. The 950 connector 326 is engaged with the externally threaded lead screw 325. A follower 951 forming part of activator 324 is connected causing the lead screws to extend and 952 retract the positioner guides 121. The motor can be selectively activated to rotate 953 in the desired direction, which in turn, causes the lead screw to rotate. Rotation 954 of the lead screw relative to the follower causes the follower and one or more of 955 the guides 121 to move relative to the motor. In this manner, the guides 121 can 956 be positionally controlled. 957

[0103] The exciter 130 can include a coil 131 and vibrational follower 132. 958

The vibrational follower is preferably ferro-magnetic. The coil can be mounted 959 on or supported by the housing 160. The vibrational follower 132 can be mounted 960 on or supported by the rest 111. The vibrational follower can be substantially 961 integral with the rest. The coil 131 can be subjected to intermittent direct current 962 of a given polarity to cause vibrational movement of the vibrational follower 132. 963

Alternatively, the coil 131 can be subjected to current of alternating polarity to 964 cause vibrational movement of the vibrational follower. Such vibrational 965 movement of the vibrational follower is preferably imparted to the rest 111, which 966 in turn, imparts vibrational action to playing cards supported thereon. 967

[0104] With continued reference to Fig. 10, the receiver 140 can have a 968 configuration that is substantially different from that of the apparatus 100 shown 969 in Fig. 1. For example, as shown in Fig. 10, the receiver 140 can include a cam 970 lobe element 344. The cam lobe 344 can have a cross sectional shape 971 substantially in the form of an ellipse, as shown. The cam lobe element can be 972 rotationally supported by a shaft 349. The shaft 349 is preferably rotatably 973 supported by the housing 160. The shaft 349 is preferably positioned in a manner 974 to place the cam lobe substantially adjacent to the card space 149, into which a 975 card 119 is dropped from the rest 111. . 976

[0105] As shown in Fig. 10, the cam lobe 344 is in a card-retaining or card- 977 receiving position, in which a card 119 is retained within the card space 149. 978

More specifically, it is seen from a study of Fig. 10 that the cam lobe has a wider 979 portion and a narrower portion because of its elliptical cross-sectional shape. It 980 is also seen that when in the card-retaining position as shown, the cam lobe is 981 rotationally oriented so that the narrower portion of the cam lobe is substantially 982 adjacent to the card space 149. Thus, rotation of the cam lobe for approximately 983 one-quarter of a turn can cause the wider portion of the cam lobe 144 to move 984 into adjacency with the card space 149. Rotation of the cam lobe 344 985 approximately one-quarter of a turn will preferably cause release of the retained 986 card 119 from the card space 149. More specifically, rotation of the cam lobe 344 987 will preferably cause the retained card 119 to be pushed from its retained position 988 in the card space 149, and to fall into the collector 161. 989

[0106] Fig. 17 shows a further alternative embodiment of shuffler similar 990 to shuffler 100 in almost all respects. The shuffler of Fig. 17 using a jet pulser 991 188 which emits from a nozzle 189 a jet or jets of air or other suitable gas 190. 992

In operation, the dropping card is not stopped in the medial section but is directed 993 by the jet or jets of gas so as to come to rest in the receiver 161. 994

[0107] Fig. 18 shows another medial guide configuration have a support 995 piece 191 which is connected or mounted upon the frame or housing as is 996 convenient. A guide wheel 192 having vanes 193 perform by directing and 997 reorienting the dropping cards onto the stack being formed in the receiver 161. 998

999

METHODS AND MANNERS OF USE IOOO

[0108] With reference to Fig. 1, a method of shuffling a plurality of playing iooi cards 10 includes supporting the cards on an intake support surface 112. The 1002 method can include supporting the cards on a surface having at least one card 1003 aperture 114. The cards can be supported in a suitable orientation, for example, 1004 the cards can be supported substantially on-edge, an preferably upstanding. 1005

[0109] Vibratory action is imparted to the cards. The vibratory action can 1006 be produced, for example, by an exciter 130, which is described herein above with 1007 respect to the apparatus 100. The method also includes allowing one or more 1008 cards to drop into a medial zone advantageously provided with a receiver 140. 1009

For example, one or more of the cards can be allowed to drop through the at least 1010 one card aperture in response to imparting the vibratory action to the cards. 1011 [0110] In some methods, at least one of the dropped cards is retained within 1012 the receiver 140 in response to allowing the at least one card to drop. Retaining 1013 at least one of the cards includes retaining at least one of the cards so that the 1014 retained card substantially blocks the receiver 140 and/or the aperture 114. The 1015 method includes repositioning the supported cards relative to the receiver. 1016

Repositioning the cards preferably includes moving the supported cards to a 1017 randomly selected position relative to the receiver. The method includes releasing 1018 the retained card from the receiver in response to repositioning the supported 1019 cards. Repositioning of the supported cards can be accomplished substantially by 1020 the positioner or repositioner 120. 1021

[0111] The method can include detecting that at least one card is being 1022 retained in the receiver. For example, this can include detecting that at least one 1023 card has been fully received into a retained position within the receiver. The 1024 process of detecting can be accomplished substantially by way of the sensor 146, 1025 for example. Repositioning of the supported cards 10 can be performed in 1026 response to detecting that at least one card is retained. Retaining the at least one 1027 card preferably includes holding the retained card in a position wherein an upper 1028 edge of the card is substantially flush or even with the support surface. 1029

[0112] The method can include allowing a plurality of supported cards to 1030 sequentially drop into the receiver according to a random sequence. The method 1031 can also include sequentially retaining each of the dropped cards according to the 1032 random sequence. The supported cards can be repositioned during retention of 1033 each of the plurality of cards. The method can include sequentially releasing each 1034 of the retained cards according to the random sequence. 1035

[0113] The method can include collecting cards that are released through the 1036 card aperture 114. The process of collecting the cards can be accomplished by a 1037 collector 161, which is described hereinabove with respect to the apparatus 100. 1038

The method can include forming a stack of the collected cards. The stack can be 1039 formed by the collector 161, according to at least one embodiment of the 1040 inventions. According to the method, the process of allowing the cards 10 to be 1041 released through the card aperture 114 includes allowing the cards to drop through 1042 the card aperture. 1043

[0114] The process of allowing the cards 10 to be released through the card 1044 aperture 114 can include substantially blocking and/or unblocking the aperture, 1045 according to some preferred method. 1046

[0115] Blocking and/or unblocking the card aperture 114 can also be 1047 accomplished, for example, by a gate system, which can include employing gates 1048

567 to block and unblock the card aperture. The method can further include 1049 sensing whether the card aperture is blocked or unblocked. Selective control of 1050 whether the card aperture 120 is blocked or unblocked can be accomplished, at 1051 least in part, by a controller 150 and an aperture actuator 119, which are described 1052 hereinabove with respect to the apparatus 100. 1053

[0116] According to at least one embodiment of the inventions, the 1054 apparatus 100 depicted in Fig. 1 can be used in the following manner. A plurality 1055 of cards 10 is selected and is placed onto the card rest 111. For example, the 1056 plurality of cards 10 can be substantially in the form of one or more decks of 1057 cards. Preferably, the cards 10 are placed onto the card support 110 so as to be 1058 substantially supported on the support surface 112. The cards can be supported 1059 by the card rest 111 in one or more of a variety of possible orientations, wherein i060 the cards 10 are supported on the support surface 112 substantially on-edge. For i06i example, the cards 10 can be supported in a substantially upright or upstanding 1062 orientation, which includes, but is not limited to, a substantially vertical 1063 orientation. 1064

[0117] The apparatus 100 can be turned on or otherwise activated so as to 1065 be in an operational mode. An operational mode of the apparatus preferably 1066 include imparting vibratory action to the cards 10. Imparting vibratory action to 1067 the cards can include, but is not limited to, imparting vibratory action to the card 1068 rest 111. According to a preferred embodiment of the inventions, vibratory action 1069 is provided by the exciter 130. More preferably, the exciter is adapted to impart 1070 vibratory action to the cards 10 supported on the card rest 111. Additionally, or io?i alternatively, the exciter 130 is adapted to impart vibratory action to the card 1072 rest 111. 1073

[0118] Preferably, vibratory action imparted to the cards 10 supported on the 1074 card rest results in an appearance of the cards dancing or floating on the card rest. 1075

For example, vibratory action imparted to the cards preferably results in the cards 1076 bouncing substantially upward and downward while being substantially contained 1077 above the card rest. According to at least one embodiment of the inventions, 1078 vibratory action imparted to the cards 10 causes the cards to bounce on the card 1079 rest 111, which in turn, results in one or more of the cards falling or dropping 1080 through one or more of the card aperture 114. The card aperture can be controlled 1081 by a gate system according to at least one embodiment of the inventions. The gate 1082 system is preferably adapted to selectively block and/or unblock one or more of 1083 the apertures. Such a gate system can include means of employing at least one 1084 playing card to block the aperture 114 and/or to block the receiver 140. 1085

[0119] As cards 10 fall through the card aperture 114, the cards supported 1086 on the card rest 111 decrease in number. To compensate for the decreasing 1087 number of cards supported on the card rest 111, the positioner 120 can be 1088 employed to maintain the cards substantially on-edge while also supported on the 1089 card rest. For example, the positioner 120 can include one or more guides 121 1090 that are adapted to move inward toward the cards 10 as the number of cards 1O91 supported on the card rest decreases. In this manner, the positioner 120 can 1092 function to maintain the cards substantially on-edge while being supported on the 1093 card rest. 1094

[0120] The cards 10 can be collected after they are released through the card 1095 aperture 114 as described hereinabove. Collection of the cards after being 1096 released through the card aperture can be accomplished by a collector 161, which 1097 is described hereinabove with respect to the apparatus 100. Operation of the 1098 apparatus 100 is preferably continued until a desired quantity of cards is either 1099 released from the card rest 111 or collected and/or stacked by the collector 161. iioo

Shuffled cards can be retrieved from the collector. In accordance with at least one i ioi embodiment of the inventions, a plurality of cards can be fed or processed through 1102 the apparatus more than once to increase the degree of shuffling. iiO3

[0121] The apparatuses are intended for use with playing cards. In H04 particular, the apparatuses are especially appropriate for use with plastic playing 1105 cards. H06

MANNER AND MATERIALS OF MAKING 1107

[0122] The apparatuses according to this invention may be made using a 1108 variety of fabrication and molding techniques. The support actuations are 1109 advantageously stepper motors with a coded output for precise control. 1110

[0123] Other parts can be made of metal or plastics of a variety of types 1111 now known or hereafter developed. 1112

[0124] The components that touch the cards are advantageously made from 1113

Teflon® or other polymer materials that prevent or reduce wear on cards. Also, 1114 suitably coated components that have low-friction surfaces of various types may 1115 be appropriate. 1116