"POROUS FILTER MEMBRANES COMPRISING A METALLIC BASED COATING WITH ANTI -VIRAL PROPERTIES"

Technical field

This application relates to a porous filter membrane and an assembly of porous filter membranes comprising a metallic based coating with virucidal properties , while maintaining the membrane porosity .

Background art

SARS-CoV-2 indoor contamination could be reduced signi ficantly, contributing to the decreasing of human exposure to infection, by a smart filtration of the air . The accomplishment of this obj ective depends on the material used to the inactivation of the virus and the filter characteristics , which should not imply a signi ficant decrease in its permeability .

Di f ferent research works show several solutions to inactivate virus , most of all to be used in facial masks . The maj ority of works are based on metallic based materials as antiviral protection .

In the review denominated " In Progress and Perspective of Antiviral Protective Material" , Advanced fibers , 2020 , 2 , 123 , Jialiang et al . reported the di f ferent materials for preparation of antiviral respiratory protective facial masks by impregnation of nanoparticles . Copper based metal is highlighted as protection into an N95 mask . Copper oxide nanoparticles are widely used due to their low price , great stability, and broad antibacterial properties . Antiviral

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) respirator can be composed of four layers. The outer and inner layers have different fiber fineness, and CuO nanoparticles were evenly distributed on the surface of the fibers. Mazurkow et al. [Nanosized copper (oxide) on alumina granules for water filtration: effect of copper oxidation state on virus removal performance, Environ Sci Technol. 2020, 54 (2 ) , 1214 ] synthesized multi-phase CuxOy (CuO and Cu2O) hybrid materials by calcination in different atmospheres, and they also concluded that nanosized Cu2O has the best antiviral properties.

Saeed Behzadinasab, in "A surface Coating that rapidly inactivates SARS CoV-2" , ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 31, 34723, showed that in solid surfaces, using particles of copper (I) oxide mixed with polyurethane, could cause a swift and dramatic reduction of the infective behavior of SARS-CoV-2 .

Viricidal effect against coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 of a silver nanocluster/silica composite sputtered coating was recently object of research, also for facial masks [Open Ceramics, 1, 2020, 100006] . The thin films were deposited in different types of materials (substrates) , but the study did not refer the role of porosity of them and the possibility to maintain open pores after coating.

Most of the studies with copper used nanoparticles embedded in other materials. Only a research work concerning biological nanodevices using thin films based on nanostructured Cu deposited by RE sputtering was found, applied on nanoporous anodic alumina substrate (NAAS) , but the target was to study its optical properties [Morphological

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) and optical properties of ultra-thin Mohamed Shabanl et al. in Micro & Nano Letters, 2016, Vol. 11, 6, 295] .

Concerning patents, the documents that present similarities to the subject of the current patent are the following: Document CN111270215 describes a metal filter membrane used to filter water and air, made by an ion beam, and a membrane preparation method. Copper, aluminum, chromium, nickel, and titanium can be the metal of the filter membrane. The thin film prepared by the ion beam method has a compact and uniform structure, high filtration accuracy. It can be used as a filter on air purifiers, water purifiers, and other equipment. It can also remove PM 2.5 from the air and impurities such as heavy metals, bacteria, viruses, and others from water and protect human health. However, this document does not provide any details regarding the metallic based layer's morphology and other characteristics.

Document WO 2016/131697 refers to a membrane to filter water and remove viruses, consisting of a polymer-based membrane having a copper layer that features high flow rates at low- pressure drops. Uniform, well-adhering metallic copper based on the porous substrate can be provided without an etching step when a surface of a porous polymeric substrate has a metallic silver-based coating and a metallic copper-based recoating a silver coating. The method to produce the membrane coating uses a soft-solution chemical synthesis method essentially.

Summary

The present invention relates to a porous filter membrane comprising a thickness between 50 and 10,000 pm, pores with

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) an average size distribution between 0.02 and 20 gm, and an anti-viral metallic based coating with a thickness between 50 nm and 3000 nm.

In one embodiment the membrane thickness is between 200 and 5,000 gm.

In one embodiment the membrane is made of a ceramic material selected from aluminum oxides, zirconia oxides, iron oxides, copper oxides and their derivatives.

In one embodiment the pore distribution percentage in the porous filter membrane is between 20 - 60% of its surface area .

In one embodiment the material of the anti-viral metallic based coating is selected from copper, silver or any other material with anti-viral properties and their alloys and/or compounds .

In one embodiment the anti-viral metallic based coating is deposited by sputtering technique.

The invention also relates to an assembly of porous filter membranes, wherein the assembly comprises: at least one outer microporous filter membrane (2) described in any of the claims 1 to 6; and/or at least inner one nanoporous filter membrane (1) described in any of the claims 1 to 6; mounted on a membrane support (4) ; wherein the porous filter membranes comprise an anti-viral metallic based coating (3) on their surface.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In one embodiment the at least one outer microporous filter membrane (2) and the at least one inner nanoporous filter membrane (1) comprise a thickness between 50 and 10,000 pm, pores with an average size distribution between 0.02 and 20 pm, and an anti-viral metallic based coating with a thickness between 50 nm and 3000 nm.

In one embodiment the at least one outer microporous filter membrane (2) and the at least one inner nanoporous filter membrane (1) is made of a ceramic material selected from aluminum oxides, zirconia oxides, iron oxides, copper oxides and their derivatives.

In one embodiment the pore distribution percentage of the at least one microporous filter membrane (2) and the at least one inner nanoporous filter membrane (1) is between 20 - 60% of their surface area.

In one embodiment the material of the anti-viral metallic based coating (3) is selected from copper, silver or any other material with anti-viral properties and their alloys and/or compounds.

In one embodiment the anti-viral metallic based coating (3) is deposited by sputtering technique.

In one embodiment the porous filter membrane is used in Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning systems, inspiratory and expiratory ports of ventilators, respiratory protection equipment and any other device or equipment suitable for retaining airborne viruses.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) In one embodiment the assembly of porous filter membranes is used in Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning systems , inspiratory and expiratory ports o f ventilators , respiratory protection equipment and any other device or equipment suitable for retaining airborne viruses .

General Description

The present application discloses a new approach to air membrane filters for retaining and inactivating airborne viruses .

The present invention is a porous filter membrane and an assembly of porous membranes made of inorganic materials with an anti-viral metallic based coating . Each porous filter membrane is preferably made of a ceramic material with pores from micrometer to nanometer range of size . An assembly can be constituted by inner coated porous filter membranes with or without outer membrane , respectively with nano- and microporosity, but both coated with an anti-viral metallic based material . In an assembly, the outer membrane is essential to retain particles larger than the virus delaying the pores clogging and increasing the time-li fe of the inner membrane . Since the outer membrane is coated, any virus or other microbes retained will also be inactivated . In this invention, it is crucial to maintain the porosity of the porous filter membranes after thin film deposition to allow the flux of air through the membrane . This procedure lets inactivate the virus in the membrane surface while avoiding Signi ficant increase of pressure drop . Thus , it is essential to coat them with a nanocrystalline metallic based coating which has the highest surface area . It features anti-viral properties , but it must not be invasive of the internal pore

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) walls during the coating by accurately defining the sputtering conditions .

The metallic based coating provided in the filter membrane ( s ) can be a copper-based material and is produced by sputtering in selected conditions .

The porous filter membrane and assemblies herein disclosed have high ef ficacy to inactivate virus such as the SARS-CoV- 2 virus .

The main obj ective of the present invention is to increase as much as possible the stay of the virus on the reactive metallic based surface , while maintaining the permeability of the porous filter membranes . This solution contributes to retain the virus in the filter during the time necessary to inactivate it .

The porous filter membrane and assemblies of the present invention are suitable to be used in Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning systems (HVAC ) systems , inspiratory and expiratory ports of ventilators used in infectious diseases health care units , respiratory protection equipment and any other device or equipment suitable for retaining airborne viruses .

Brief description of drawings

For easier understanding of the application envisaged, figures are attached in the annex that represent the preferred forms of implementation which nevertheless are not intended to limit the technique disclosed herein .

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of an assembly of porous filter membranes , 1- Nanoporous filter membrane ; 2- microporous filter membrane ; 3- anti-viral metallic based coating; 4- membrane support ; 5- ambient air ; 6- air with low concentration of micro particles ; 7- air with low concentration of nano particles .

Figure 2 illustrates a surface-coated nanoporous filter membrane with a sputtered thin film of copper ( Scanning Electron Microscopy - SEM) .

Figure 3 shows a SEM image of the cross section of the nanoporous filter membrane after coating, confirming that the coating only reaches a very small depth from the surface .

Figure 4 illustrates the surface of a microporous filter membrane coated with sputtered copper, as observed by SEM .

Figure 5 shows the particle si ze distribution of a sample of air with an aerosol containing nanoparticles .

Figure 6 shows the particle si ze distribution of a sample of the same air from Figure 5 after going through the porous filter membrane of Figure 2 .

Figure 7 shows the tests made on the inactivation capacity of copper coated filter membranes (micro and nano pore ) , for the SARS CoV-2 virus .

Figure 8 shows an example of a pos sible application for the membranes described . It ' s represented as kind of filter holder, designed for the nostrils of the nose , that could block airborne virus during inspiration, 8- membrane holder

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 9 - coated nanoporous filter membrane; 10- coated microporous filter membrane; 11- sealing rings.

Description of embodiments

Now, preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the annexed drawings. However, they are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

The present application discloses porous filter membranes and assemblies of the same, for filtering air and retaining airborne particles, retaining and inactivating airborne viruses .

Figure 1 shows an assembly of the porous filter membrane of the present invention built comprising at least one micro porous outer filter membrane (2) and/or at least one nanoporous inner filter membrane (1) mounted on a membrane support (4) , created specifically for this application, both with an anti-viral metallic based coating (3) , deposited on their surface. The figure also shows the air flow through the assembly of porous filter membranes (5) (6) (7) .

The schematics shown of this assembly are a simplification of the working principle. From this principle, design variations should be created to accommodate the application and improve the performance of existing systems. For example, for large scale applications, an assembly of multiple porous filter membranes, in both parallel and series configuration, should be considered, to better allow a proper airflow and ventilation efficiency, while respecting air quality standardizations (similar to HVAC filters) . For human

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) application, there could be a filtering system at the nostril of the nose that could block airborne virus during inspiration (Figure 8) . Perhaps a more discrete solution to medical or N95 masks and with a better filtering capacity.

In one embodiment, a single porous filter membrane is made of a ceramic material with different porosity sizes from ranging from micrometer to nanometer.

The porous filter membrane preferably has a thickness between 50 and 10,000 pm, more preferably between 200 and 5,000 pm.

The ceramic material of the porous filter membrane is selected from, but not limited to, aluminum oxides (alumina) , zirconia oxides, iron oxides, copper oxides, and their derivatives .

The porous filter membrane comprises pores with an average size distribution between 0.02 and 20 pm. The pore distribution percentage is preferably between 20 - 60% of the porous filter membrane surface area.

The anti-viral metallic based coating provided in the porous filter membrane is selected from copper, silver or any other material with anti-viral properties and their alloys and/or compounds .

The anti-viral metallic based coating has a thickness between 50 nm and 3000 nm.

The assembly of porous filter membranes comprises: at least one outer microporous filter membrane (2) ; and/or at least inner one nanoporous filter membrane (1) ;

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) mounted on a membrane support (4) ; wherein the porous filter membranes comprise an anti-viral metallic based coating (3) on their surface.

In one embodiment the at least one outer microporous filter membrane (2) and the at least one inner nanoporous filter membrane (1) comprise a thickness between 50 and 10,000 pm, pores with an average size distribution between 0.02 and 20 pm, and an anti-viral metallic based coating with a thickness between 50 nm and 3000 nm.

In one embodiment, the at least one outer microporous filter membrane (2) and the at least one inner nanoporous filter membrane (1) is made of a ceramic material selected from aluminum oxides, zirconia oxides, iron oxides, copper oxides and their derivatives.

In one embodiment the pore distribution percentage of the at least one microporous filter membrane (2) and the at least one inner nanoporous filter membrane (1) is between 20 - 60% of their surface area.

In one embodiment the material of the anti-viral metallic based coating (3) is selected from copper, silver or any other material with anti-viral properties and their alloys and/or compounds.

In one embodiment the anti-viral metallic based coating (3) is deposited by sputtering technique.

The porous filter membrane is used in HVAC systems, inspiratory and expiratory ports of ventilators, respiratory

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) protection equipment and any other device or equipment suitable for retaining airborne viruses .

The assembly of porous filter membranes is used in HVAC systems , inspiratory and expiratory ports of ventilators , respiratory protection equipment and any other device or equipment suitable for retaining airborne viruses .

The main obj ective of the present invention is to improve as much as possible the stay of the virus on the reactive metallic based coating, while maintaining the permeability of the porous filter membrane . Thi s solution contributes to retain the virus in the porous filter membrane during the time necessary to inactivate it .

The anti-viral metallic based coating provided in the porous filter membrane is produced by sputtering, in selected conditions to avoid closing of the membrane ' s pores and maintain its permeability .

The solution of a sputtered metal , such as copper, on porous filter membrane allows to potentiate the virus inactivation by the activity of the metal into a "tridimensional array" with nanograins and other defects , and the ef ficiency of these porous filter membranes avoids the reappearance of virus in the environment .

Sputtering is the elective technique to create di f ferences in the surface energy, surface topography and morphology of the metallic based layer deposited on the ceramic material ( i . e . , the substrate ) of the porous filter membranes , whatever their porosity . Thi s technique for selected conditions can deposit nanocrystalline thin films , with very

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) high speci fic surface area, while not contributing to coat the internal surface of pores . The absence of coating inside the pores is an essential condition to avoid a signi ficant decrease of the air flow through the filter .

In one embodiment , a high-density copper vapor flow obtained by dc/rf magnetron sputtering at suitable discharge power, depending on the sputtering equipment and with low temperature gradient along the pore length, is the solution to avoid the copper deposition into the whole pores , in nanoporous membranes , limiting the virus inactivation properties to the surface of the filter membranes . Moreover, the performance of this invention is not dramatically af fected after a signi ficant timework . Since the filtering process is made in a 2D surface and not in a 3D medium, the membrane thickness may be far thinner than conventional filters , while maintaining or even surpassing its f iltering capabilities in a more compact or dense solution . Therefore , an appropriate filtering area is fundamental for achieving a good air flow ef ficiency for everyday air filtration applications .

Sputtering is comprised of three main phases that can be summari zed in the following fundamental steps :

1- Trans formation of the material being deposited ( Target ) into a gas state ;

2- Vapor transportation between the target and the substrate ;

3- Vapor condensation on the substrate surface and its corresponding coating formation .

An example of the metallic based coating sputtered deposition ( DC/RF) is described . The deposition should be carried out

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) using a metallic based target like the chemical composition of the coating selected. The substrates were micro/sub- micro/nano porous ceramic membranes; the coating thickness ranged from 50 to 3000 nm. Deposition parameters such as ultimate pressure, deposition pressure, power density, substrate bias, substrate rotation and slope were controlled to deposit nanocrystalline metallic based thin films on porous substrates without changing their porosity. As example, for thin copper film, the sputtering chamber was evacuated to an ultimate pressure of ~10~ ³ Pa. The depositions of metallic based films, for example Cu, were carried out at 4 10 ^-1 Pa, in an atmosphere of high purity Ar (99.999%) , power density of 4xl0 ⁴ W/m2 and for variable time, as a function of coating thickness. Furthermore, a substrate bias must be less than -100 V with 1.0 rpm rotation and a target-substrate distance of 50 mm. The support of the substrate allowed to vary its slope from 0 to 30°.

The porous filter membrane and their assemblies described herein showed high efficiency, above 90%, in filtering and inactivating virus while allowing for a good airflow.

Examples :

Figure 2 illustrates a nanoporous filter membrane surface- coated with a sputtered thin film of copper. The SEM image from Figure 3 shows the cross section of the nanoporous membrane after coating, confirming that the coating only reaches a very small depth from the surface. Figure 4 illustrates the surface of a microporous membrane coated with sputtered copper, as observed by SEM. By the significant difference of pore sizes between the micro and nanoporous membranes (compare Figures 2 and 4) , it is clear that the first can be overlaid on the second without hindering the

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) performance of the nanoporous membrane. Thus, the microporous membrane retains the larger particles while the viral nanoparticles that pass it will be captured by the nanoporous membrane, working the assembly in a synergistic way .

Figure 5 illustrates an aerosol particle size distribution containing nanoparticles with spherical shape and a full size range from 10 to 400 nm, with the main distribution between 80-140 nm.

After being filtered by the porous filter membrane of Figure 2, the number of particles in the feeding aerosol (Figure 5) is drastically reduced in all ranges of particle sizes, as illustrated in Figure 6.

Figure 7 illustrates the tests made on the inactivation capacity of copper coated membranes, for the SARS CoV-2 virus. For both, nanometer and micrometer pores-containing membranes, virus inactivation capacity has an efficiency above 90%, with the microporous membrane having better performance than the nanoporous membrane (~99%) .

By comparing the results from Figure 5 and Figure 6, it's possible to identify a filtering efficiency of 99.99% of particles in the nanometer range. Along with the result shown in Figure 7, this further corroborates the efficiency of the present invention for SARS-CoV-2.

Figure 8 shows an example of a possible application for the membranes described. It's represented as kind of filter holder, designed for the nostrils of the nose, that could block airborne virus during inspiration

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) This description is of course not in any way restricted to the forms of implementation presented herein and any person with an average knowledge of the area can provide many possibilities for modi fication thereof without departing from the general idea as defined by the claims . The preferred forms of implementation described above can obviously be combined with each other . The following claims further define the preferred forms of implementation .

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)